I. Prologue : Setting the Stage ... invisible image to create space
All the World's a Stage invisible image to create space
Who Knows Where and When ? invisible image to create space
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Who Knows Where and When?

The first inauguration was postponed from March 4 to April 30, 1789. Congressional members were delayed in arriving in New York City and, despite a unanimous victory for George Washington, electoral ballots weren't counted on time. As history shows, there were delays and controversies in elections previous to the contentious election of 2000!

While traveling from Mount Vernon to New York City, the newly elected president was celebrated in several cities. This illustration of Gray's Ferry near Philadelphia appeared in Columbian Magazine with an article detailing the inaugural preparation. Can you "spy"I Spy Activity the requested items? (this activity requires the Shockwave Player)

Washington's second inauguration was held on March 4, 1793. This remained the standard inauguration date for over one hundred years. In accordance with the Constitution's twentieth amendment, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's second inauguration in 1937 was the first to occur on January 20.

James Monroe held his second inauguration indoors because of snow and rain, but inclement weather didn't always change the ceremony site.

In 1841, William Henry Harrison rode to his inauguration in a rainstorm. It rained throughout his inaugural ceremony at the Capitol and continued through his inaugural address. Nonetheless, Harrison delivered the longest inaugural address on record – 8,441 words. A month later, he passed away after catching a cold that developed into pneumonia.

On March 4, 1909, a blizzard forced William Taft to hold his inauguration in the Senate chamber.

 

Taft & Roosevelt driving to Capitol, Mar. 4, 1909
Taft & Roosevelt driving to Capitol, Mar. 4, 1909

People gathered at the East Portico of the Capitol to witness inaugural oaths from Martin Van Buren's in 1837 to Jimmy Carter's in 1977. Benjamin Harrison explained the value of this public ceremony in his 1897 inaugural address:

"The oath taken in the presence of the people becomes a mutual covenant...My promise is spoken; yours unspoken, but not the less real and solemn...."

Would a private inaugural ceremony foster an equal commitment from "the people"? What effect does the media have on the solemnity of of the occasion?

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Last updated 07/12/2002