| The first
inauguration was postponed from March 4 to April 30, 1789. Congressional
members were delayed in arriving in New York City and, despite a unanimous
victory for George Washington, electoral ballots weren't counted on
time. As history shows, there were delays and controversies in elections
previous to the contentious election of 2000!
While traveling from Mount Vernon to New York
City, the newly elected president was celebrated in several cities.
This illustration of
Gray's Ferry near Philadelphia appeared in Columbian Magazine
with an article detailing the inaugural preparation. Can you "spy"
the requested items? (this activity
requires the Shockwave
Player)
Washington's second inauguration was held on
March 4, 1793. This remained the standard inauguration date for
over one hundred years. In accordance with the Constitution's twentieth
amendment, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's second inauguration in 1937
was the first to occur on January 20.
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James Monroe held his second inauguration indoors
because of snow and rain, but inclement weather didn't always change
the ceremony site.
In 1841, William Henry Harrison
rode to his inauguration in a rainstorm. It rained throughout his
inaugural ceremony at the Capitol and continued through his inaugural
address. Nonetheless, Harrison delivered the longest inaugural address
on record 8,441 words. A month later, he passed away after
catching a cold that developed into pneumonia.
On March 4, 1909, a blizzard forced William
Taft to hold his inauguration in the Senate chamber.
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Taft
& Roosevelt driving to Capitol, Mar. 4, 1909
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People gathered at the East Portico of the Capitol
to witness inaugural oaths from Martin Van Buren's in 1837 to Jimmy
Carter's in 1977. Benjamin Harrison explained the value of this
public ceremony in his 1897 inaugural
address:
"The oath taken in the presence
of the people becomes a mutual covenant...My promise is spoken;
yours unspoken, but not the less real and solemn...."
Would a private inaugural ceremony foster an equal
commitment from "the people"? What effect does the media
have on the solemnity of of the occasion?
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