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By early September 1777, General Howe's intentions for the 1777 campaign had
finally become clear. Howe's army was moving on the united colonies' seat of government,
Philadelphia. In Washington's General Orders to his troops below, what does he convey
about the stakes involved in the coming battles and campaign? How does he try to prepare
his soldiers for the coming action?
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From every information of the enemy's designs, and from their movements, it is manifest
their aim is, if possible, to possess themselves of Philadelphia. This is their capital
object. 'Tis what they last year strove to effect; but were happily disappointed: They
made a second attempt at the opening of this campaign; but after vast preparations, and
expence for the purpose, they abandoned their design, and totally evacuated the Jersies.
They are now making their last effort; to come up the Delaware it seems, was their first
intention; but, from the measures taken to annoy them in the river, they judged the
enterprise, that way, too hazardous. At length they have landed on the eastern shore of
Maryland, and advanced some little way into the country: But the General trusts, they will
be again disappointed in their views. Should they push their design against Philadelphia,
on this route, their all is at stake; they will put the contest on the event of a single
battle: If they are overthrown, they are utterly undone, the war is at an end. Now then is
the time for our most strenuous exertions. One bold stroke will free the land from rapine,
devastations and burnings, and female innocence from brutal lust and violence. In every
other quarter the American Arms have, of late, been rapidly successful and still greater
numbers have been made prisoners. The militia at the northward, have fought with a
resolution, that would have done honor to old soldiers; they bravely fought and conquered,
and glory attends them. Who can forbear to emulate their noble spirit? Who is there
without ambition, to share with them, the applauses of their countrymen, and of all
posterity, as the defenders of Liberty, and the procurers of peace and happiness to
millions in the present and future generations? Two years we have maintained the war and
struggled with difficulties innumerable. But the prospect has since brightened, and our
affairs put on a better face. Now is the time to reap the fruits of all our toils and
dangers! If we behave like men, this third Campaign will be our last. Ours is the main
army; to us our Country looks for protection. The eyes of all America, and of Europe are
turned upon us, as on those by whom the event of the war is to be determined. And the
General assures his countrymen and fellow soldiers, that he believes the critical, the
important moment is at hand, which demands their most spirited exertions in the field.
There glory waits to crown the brave, and peace, freedom and happiness will be the rewards
of victory. Animated by motives like these, soldiers fighting in the cause of innocence,
humanity and justice, will never give way, but, with undaunted resolution, press on to
conquest. And this, the General assures himself, is the part the American Forces now in
arms will act; and thus acting, he will insure them success.
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