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Indian Boarding Schools: Civilizing the Native Spirit
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Document Analysis Guide
Sioux boys of the first class entering Carlisle

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graphic depicting printed book Paul Hayne letter
Impressions of an Indian Childhood  by Zitkala-Sa Paul Hayne letter
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"Wrapped in my heavy blanket, I walked with my mother to the carriage that was soon to take us to the iron horse. I was happy. I met my play- mates, who were also wearing their best thick blankets. We showed one another our new beaded moccasins, and the width of the belts that girdled our new dresses.  Soon we were being drawn rapidly away by the white mans horses. When I saw the lonely figure of my mother vanish in the distance, a sense of regret settled heavily upon me. I felt suddenly weak, as if I might fall limp to the ground. I was in the hands of strangers whom my mother did not fully trust. I no longer felt free to be myself, or to voice my own feelings. The tears trickled down my cheeks, and I buried my face in the folds of my blanket. Now the first step, parting me from my mother, was taken, and all my belated tears availed nothing.  

Having driven thirty miles to the ferryboat, we crossed the Missouri in the evening. Then riding again a few miles eastward, we stopped before a massive brick building. I looked at it in amazement, and with a vague misgiving, for in our village I had never seen so large a house. Trembling with fear and distrust of the palefaces, my teeth chattering from the chilly ride, I crept noiselessly in my soft moccasins along the narrow hall, keeping very close to the bare wall. I was as frightened and bewildered as the captured young of a wild creature."
~Zitkala-Sa

(The entire article is available in the journal listed below.)

Impressions of an Indian Childhood.
[The Atlantic monthly. / Volume 85

(Text of Paul Hayne's letter below)

Fort Peck Agency

Poplar Creek Mont
March 11, 1890

My Dear firend

I got your letter and I am glad to hear from you, and I am well. Please tell me how you are getting along up here, you ask me how, I like the Black Smith I like the other trades too, and I will tell you something I am going to go to Carlisle School that is in the Pennsylvania.

40 childrens -- 15 girls + 25 boys = 40

Where is Mr Haskell now I never get letter from since I got letter from him last time I guess going stop Blacksmith we are all well down in Poplar Creek Mont dont write to me I might go to Carlisle School if I dont go. I will write to you and let you know What place I am going to. I must close my letter now. I hope this letter will find you in good health

From your friend
Paul H. Hayne

this is my own hand writing
I mean my name

Title of document:
 
What is the subject of the text?
Author:
 
When was it written?

Observation Knowledge Interpretation
What information can you gather by reading this document? Subject? Who is the audience? What is the setting?
 
 
 

Summarize what you already know about the situation and time period.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Why was the document written? What is the bias of this document? What is the story behind the document?
 
 
 
 

What would you like to know? List three questions you have after looking at these pictures.

1.

2.

3.

This lesson adapted from Discovering American Memory, a Learning Page workshop for educators.

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Last updated 10/01/2002