U. S. Serial Set : Index to Number 1394 Senate Executive Document No. 11, 41st Congress, 1st Session : a machine readable transcription.

PAPERS RELATING TO CLAIMS AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN.

RECOGNITION OF REBEL BELLIGERENCY.

RECOGNITION OF REBEL BELLIGERENCY BY GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE. No. From whom and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 304 Mr. Black to Mr. Dallas. 1861 Feb. 28 Election of Abraham Lincoln to be President. Formation of self- styled Confederate States of America. Instructs him to use such means as may, in his judgment, be proper and necessary to prevent the success of the agents of the seceding States in their efforts to obtain recognition of their independence by the government of Great Britain. 7 Cir. Mr. Seward to Mr. Dallas. Mar. 9 Refers to dispatch 304 of Mr. Black. Reiterates instruction. Incloses President Lincoln's inaugural, declaring the acts of secession void, and the purpose of the Union to constitutionally defend and maintain itself 8 325 Mr. Dallas to Mr. Seward. Mar. 22 In an interview he expressed to Lord Russell the opposition that dispatch 304 instructed him to make to any recognition of the insurgents by the Queen. No definite conclusion as to action yet reached in British cabinet. No emissary from insurgent government yet arrived, though expected. 10 Lord Russell to Mr. Dallas. Mar. 21 Incloses for Mr. Dallas's perusal draught of proposed dispatch, and asks if Mr. Black's request is correctly represented therein. 10 Mr. Dallas to Lord Russell. Mar. 21 Replies that Mr. Black is correctly represented. 10 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. Mar. 22 States substance of Mr. Black's 304, and remarks that if the separation had been acknowledged as right, her Majesty's government would have seen it with great concern; that the opposition of the United States to the separation would make British government very reluctant to take any steps which might encourage or sanction it, but the British government could not be bound to any particular course. 11 329 Mr. Dallas to Mr. Seward. April 5 Acknowledges Nos. 306 and 307. Lord Russell's absence from town prevents interview. Commissioners from insurgents not yet arrived. Will convey Mr. Seward's views to British government upon first opportunity. 11 330 do April 9 An interview obtained for submission of circular of March 9. Lord Russell assures him that there was not the slightest disposition in the British government to grasp at advantages which might arise from domestic differences in the United States, and that it was not then in his power to say more. It is regarded proper to await arrival of Mr. Adams before finally discussing the question. Mr. Dallas promises vigilance. English opinion tends to approve peaceful separation. Proposition to be brought before House of Commons by Lord Alfred Churchill, and proposed pressure on the 15th for recognition by W. H. Gregory, of Galway. 12 0008 II Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. April 12 Incloses Mr. Seward's circular of March 9. Recapitulates what he has communicated to Mr. Dallas as the views of her Majesty's government. 13 2 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 10 Debate between United States and England is confined to the San Juan boundary, and the extinguishment of the interest of Hudson Bay and Puget Sound Agricultural Companies. Organization of the self-styled Confederate States. Their probable efforts to obtain recognition by the British government, the success of which will terminate relations between United States and Great Britain. The difference between a true ground for recognition and that existing in the case of the insurgents. If recognized the United States will consider it a deliberate resolution by Great Britain that the Union shall be dissolved. The power of Great Britain for production requires peace in America. Her recognition of the insurgents would encourage perpetual war. Effect of introduction of new states into society of nations, and reasons for such admission. The precedent of precipitate action can be resorted to by dependencies of Great Britain. Reasons for friendship between the two nations. 13 Proclamation. April 15 President's call for 75,000 State militia to suppress rebellion and for the convening of Congress. 16 119 Mr. Faulkner to Mr. Seward. April 15 Interview with Mr. Thouvenel, and submission of President's inaugural. Informs Mr. Thouvenel that whenever application for recognition shall be made by insurgents, it will be opposed by United States, and receives assurance that no such application has been made; that the Emperor will not take hasty action, but that de facto governments, under proper circumstances, have a right to recognition. 17 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. April 22 Incloses copies of Jefferson Davis's proclamation inviting applications for letters of marque, and President Lincoln's proclamation declaring southern privateers pirates, and announcing blockade of southern ports. His proceedings in consequence thereof, and views thereon. 18 3 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. April 22 Instruction to oppose appeal of insurgents to France for recognition. Impossibility of admitting foreign intervention, and necessity for neutrality. Position of those governments which recognize the insurgents, toward the United States, and the incentive such recognition would be to defense of autonomy of the Union. 19 0009 III 4 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 27 Recapitulates substance of Mr. Dallas's 330, and instructs Mr. Adams to inform Lord Russell that the views of her Majesty's government communicated to Mr. Dallas are an indication of a policy injurious to the rights and derogating from the dignity of the United States. 20 5 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 7 Debate in Parliament on construction to be placed upon proclamation of neutrality. Preceding practice of Great Britain may permit retention of insurgent prizes in British ports until adjudicated upon in courts within insurgent jurisdiction. Motion of Mr. Gregory in Parliament for recognition. 390 NOTIFICATION OF BLOCKADE. Cir. Mr. Seward to Mr. Dallas. 1861. April 20 Communicating copy of proclamation denouncing southern privateers as pirates, and announcing blockade of southern ports. 20 Proclamation. April 27 Extending blockade to Virginia and North Carolina. 23 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. April 27 Transmitting note of the 27th inst. from Mr. Seward, inclosing official copy of proclamation of blockade, and notifying him of intended extension. 23 Do May 2 Incloses acknowledgment of blockade proclamation, signifying his acceptance of the information as an announcement of an intention rather than as a fact. 24 Do May 4 States that Mr. Seward refrains from communicating the instructions issued to the blockading squadron, but assures him that it will be conducted according to recognized rules of public law. 25 Do May 11 Communicates correspondence with Mr. Seward in regard to actual beginning of blockade as affecting British vessels. States that no further information concerning blockade than that in dispatch of May 2 has reached him. 26 Consul Bunch to Lord Russell. May 15 Announcing the blockade of Charleston and vicinity by United States steamer Niagara. 27 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. May 23 States that effective blockade of Pensacola existed on the 13th, but up to 16th no blockade existed at Mobile. 28 Do June 11 Incloses dispatch from Acting Consul Fullarton relative to establishment of blockade off Savannah. 28 Do June 11 Incloses dispatch from Acting Consul Magee announcing blockade of Mobile by United States steamer Powhatan. 28 0010 IV Consul Lynn to Lord Russell. July 3 Announcing blockade of Galveston by United States steamer South Carolina. 29 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. July 29 Incloses postscript informing Lord Lyons of blockade of Galveston. 29 Consul Bunch to Lord Russell. July 25 Incloses proclamation of Flag-officer Pendergast, United States Navy, relative to blockade of ports of North Carolina. 31 Notice June 7 Notice of blockade of Appalachicola 31 4 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 31 Acknowledges receipt of printed circular of 27th April transmitting President's proclamation extending blockade to ports of Virginia and North Carolina. 32 6 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 27 Incloses note communicating to Mr. Thouvenel the President's proclamation extending blockade to ports of Virginia and North Carolina. 32 Lord Russell to lords commissioners of the admiralty. May 1 States that, as civil war between the northern and southern States of the American Union is imminent, and that as the president of the southern confederacy proposes to issue letters of marque against northern commerce, her Majesty's North American and West Indian squadron must be re-enforced, and that no preference must be shown for either party in the approaching contest by British naval forces. 33 333 Mr. Dallas to Mr. Seward. May 2 States that motion of Mr. Gregory in House of Commons for recognition of insurgents which was postponed from 16th to 30th ult. has again been postponed a fortnight. Lord Russell invites an interview, and informs Mr. Dallas that three insurgent emissaries are in London; that he is not unwilling to see them unofficially; that there is an understanding as to similar course as to recognition between England and France. Refers to rumors of blockade but thinks well of waiting until the arrival of Mr. Adams before acting. The postponement of Mr. Gregory's motion depends upon Lord Russell's suggestion. 33 7 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. May 4 Receipt of Mr. Faulkner's 117, 119, and 120 acknowledged. Instructions of President as communicated will be his guide. In reference to Mr. Faulkner's official conversation with M. Thouvenel, reported in 119, the latter gentleman must be assured of the complete harmony of the cabinet in regard to the rebellion and informed that the unofficial opinion expressed by Mr. Faulkner that a peaceable acquiescence in the claim of the insurgents to separate sovereignty does not represent the intention of the United States, which does not contemplate a dissolution of the Union. 34 Lord Russell to Earl Cowley. May 6 Instruction to say to Mr. Thouvenel that British government admit that the southern confederacy is entitled to be considered a belligerent and to be considered a belligerent and to be invested with corresponding rights and prerogatives, and to call the attention of the French government to the bearing the contest may have on the rights and interests of neutral nations. Refers to the proclamation of blockade by President Lincoln, and to that granting letters of marque by Jefferson Davis. 36 0011 V Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. May 6 Opening of the civil war in the United States has caused her Majesty's government to determine that the parties are in a position to claim the rights and to perform the obligations attaching to belligerents. Without concealment of this view of the British government, their regret at the disastrous state of affairs in the United States cannot be too strongly expressed. 36 Do May 11 Reception at the residence of Lord Russell of Mr. Yancey, Mr. Mann, and Judge Rost, emissaries of the insurgents. They state that secession from the Union was based on the high prices of manufactured goods. They quote the wealth of the South, and propose to open their country to foreign commerce. Lord Russell states that he cannot officially communicate with them, but two propositions would arise with question of recognition; whether they could maintain their position as an independent state, and in what manner do they intend to maintain relations with foreign states. 37 1 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 17 Reception at Liverpool by American chamber of commerce. Supposed community of interest in favor of cotton culture influences public sentiment of Liverpool in favor of insurgents. Developments between the 1st and 14th of May in the House of Commons of the intention of the British government to elevate the insurgents to the level of belligerents. Cordial reception by Mr. Dallas. The death of the Duke of Bedford postpones presentation by Lord Russell and prevents conversation upon Queen's proclamation prior to to its issue. Subsequent presentation by Lord Palmerston on Thursday. Public opinion in England and the unsatisfactory debate in the Lords on the Queen's proclamation demand an early interview with Lord Russell. Postponement of Mr. Gregory's motion in Commons to 7th of June. 38 May 13 Queen's proclamation 0012 VI 3 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 24 Refers to proposition of President in 1854, to maritime powers, that free ships make free goods, and that neutral property on enemy's vessel not to be confiscated, and to the declaration of Paris. States reasons for rejection by United States, with abstract of subsequent proposition to England and France. Instruction to ascertain whether British government will now agree to project of convention inclosed, based upon declaration of Paris. 44 Lord Russell to Earl Cowley. May 6 Refers to civil war in United States and states determination of British government to consider the self-styled confederacy a belligerent. Instruction to call attention of French government to probable bearing of the contest on rights and interests of neutrals, and asks whether, in view of the situation and the proclamations issued in United States, the French and English governments should not invite the contestants to act upon principles in second and third articles of declaration of Paris. Refers to practice of the United States as at variance with declarations; alludes to negotiations in 1856; their subsequent interruption by President Buchanan; and commends co-operation of England and France to obtain adoption of principles above mentioned. Asks the views of French government. 48 Earl Cowley to Lord Russell. May 9 States, in reference to interview with Mr. Thouvenel for submission of contents of instruction of May 6, that French government agree to the proposition. Mr. Thouvenel makes a suggestion concerning manner of obtaining assent of belligerents in United States. In view of agreement between United States and France on declaration of Paris, no difficulty may be anticipated. Precedents for recognition of belligerent rights of insurgents to be found in British treatment of letters of marque during revolution in America. 49 Lord Russell to Earl Cowley. May 13 Expression of satisfaction with the views of French government. 50 Do May 16 Inclosing copy of dispatch to Lord Lyons, relative to adoption of declaration of Paris by United States. 50 Earl Cowley to Lord Russell. May 17 States that dispatch to Lord Lyons has been laid before Mr. Thouvenel, who approves draught, and informs Earl Cowley that Mr. Mercier has already been similarly instructed. 50 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. May 18 States that the French government concur in instructions which announce the determination of British government to admit belligerent rights of insurgents in United States, and also in others relating to adoption of declaration of Paris by belligerents, and have similarly instructed Mr. Mercier. States that British government cannot accept renunciation of privateering by United States, if coupled with condition that they should enforce its renunciation on insurgents. Requests Lord Lyons to transmit copy of previous dispatch of same date to the president of insurgents, by way of British consul at Charleston or New Orleans. 51 0013 VII 10 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. May 21 States that United States consider privateers in insurgent service pirates, and that United States will avail herself of law of nations if Great Britain gives them shelter from pursuit and punishment. British government can avoid this by accepting proposition in regard to declaration of Paris. A refusal to accede to it now will seem a desire by Great Britain to patronize privateering so long as it may be aimed at the destruction of the United States. 51 2 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 21 States to Lord Russell that he has instructions to negotiate in regard to rights of neutrals in time of war, who replies, after a review of previous negotiations, that he had already transmitted authority to Lord Lyons to assent to the only point at issue. 52 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. May 21 States that Mr. Adams has informed him that United States were disposed to adhere to declaration of Paris, and that he had been empowered to negotiate upon the subject. That in view of the power of the French and English ministers at Washington to settle the question, Mr. Adams consented to leave it in the hands of Mr. Seward. 52 5 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 22 Acknowledges receipt of President's proclamation of blockade of coast of Virginia and North Carolina, and instructions to negotiate for abolition of privateering. Suggests the propriety of procuring exemption of private property from capture, in addition to the terms of proposed convention, and expresses doubts as to the expedition of the negotiation. 53 6 do May 27 Inclosing copy of his note informing Mr. Thouvenel that he was empowered to negotiate in regard to privateering, rights of neutrals, and to the subject of the blockade. 53 8 do May 30 States that he has informed Mr. Thouvenel of his authority to negotiate to accept the four propositions adopted at congress of Paris in 1856, with the addition of the provision exempting private property afloat, if not contraband, from capture. States reasons for pressing the adoption of the addition upon the French government. Mr. Thouvenel states that if the proposition is submitted in writing, the other maritime powers would be addressed, and answers would probably be received in ten days. States substance of French laws in reference to the entrance of a French subject into the service of a foreign privateer. 54 0014 VIII Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. June 4 Acknowledges receipt of instructions to propose to United States adherence to principles respecting maritime law laid down in declaration of Paris. Confers with Mr. Mercier, who had received similiar instructions, and was directed to instruct consul at New Orleans to make similar proposals to insurgent government. They agree that an identical course by Great Britain and France would best accomplish the object. The United States adhere to the declaration of Paris, in the expectation that the British and French governments will be bound by its acceptance to consider the southern privateers pirates. States that it would be difficult to prevent southern privateering now, and there is little hope that cabinet will approve or Congress ratify convention that does not bind contracting parties to consider southern privateers pirates. 5 9 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 7 Mr. Thouvenel's remark as to consultation with foreign powers applied only to conference with ministers of French government. The statement in American newspapers that the United States would adhere to declaration of Paris will prevent acceptance of amendment proposed. Reasons why the acceptance of the declaration by England and France will not be so beneficial to United States as anticipated. 56 10 do June 12 Incloses copy of his written proposition in regard to declaration of Paris. States that European press take it for granted that accession of United States to declaration of Paris would not alter relations of maritime powers to the self-styled confederacy. Suggests that the recognition of belligerent rights of insurgents prevents its application, if adopted by United States, to insurgent privateers. Probable difficulty of procuring, now, adherence of other powers to the declaration. 57 Lord Russell to Mr. Gray. June 12 States that Mr Thouvenel has invited opinion of British government to propositions of Mr. Dayton that private property on the sea in time of war should be free from capture and that as privateering being abolished the privateers of the insurgents should be deemed pirates, and gives reasons for disapproval of propositions by her Majesty's government. 58 8 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 14 On the 12th instant Lord Russell informs Mr. Adams of Mr. Dayton's propositions to French government, and that he had formerly stated his readiness to consent to the total omission of the 4th article of the declaration of Paris if agreeable to the U. S. 59 Mr. Grey to Lord Russell. June 14 States that Mr. Thouvenel's views concur with those of Lord Russell in regard to adoption of Mr. Dayton's proposed modification of declaration of Paris, and that while the French government had declined Mr. Dayton's propositions, it would accept the declaration of Paris if not amended. 60 0015 IX 19 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 17 After long delay and no reply to previous proposition on same subject, Lord Lyons and Mr. Mercier have made known the desire of their governments to receive acceptance of the United States to declaration of Paris. Mr. Seward declines to officially receive communications which assume that the insurgents are entitled to belligerent rights. States reasons therefor, and refers to duty and capacity of United States to fulfill all treaty obligations and to prevent the violation by insurgents of the rights of friendly nations. 60 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. June 17 Informs Lord Russell that, with Mr. Mercier, he had received on the 15th, from Mr. Seward, the view entertained by the United States of the declaration of Paris. Mr. Seward declines to receive communication founded on assumption that insurgents are belligerents and that the question could be adjusted at Paris and London. Copies of the French and English instructions are left with Mr. Seward as data for dispatch. Mr. Seward informally objects to concert of action between Great Britain and France towards United States, and says that he could agree to all that was requested concerning declaration of Paris, but it was not his intention to take official cognizance of the belligerency ascribed to insurgents unless forced to do so. 62 Do June 17 Referring to conference between Mr. Mercier, Mr. Seward, and himself, in which Mr. Seward conceived the proposition under discussion to be entirely distinct from his proposal to adhere to declaration of Paris. Lord Lyons subsequently explained the difference and received from Mr. Seward complaints as to the absence of any attention on offer to of England and France to his the part adhere without reserve to same declara tion. That he would prefer Mr. Marcy's amendment, but would accept declaration as it stood, and should instruct Mr. Adams to proceed with negotiation. 63 21 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 19 States that Lord Russell's instruction to Lord Lyons asks, on the 15th of June, the United States to concede to England principles of declaration of Paris, which, on the 24th of April, formed the substance of a proposition to England. As Lord Lyons does not seem authorized to negotiate at Washington, Mr. Adams is requested to open negotiations, if acceptable at London. 64 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. June 21 Recapitulates Mr. Dayton's proposition to French government about declaration of Paris, and the concurrence of Great Britain in the rejection of it by France. States that Mr. Adams has not been instructed to make similar proposition to Great Britain. 64 0016 X 22 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 22 States that United States insist that France shall do nothing to concede belligerent rights to the insurgents, and that they decline to hear her opinion of insurgent title to belligerency. When France acts in violation of her friendly obligations to United States then we will inquire whether, after accession to declaration of Paris, she could shelter pirates in her ports, and then we can decide the character of our remedy. States that United States will not consent to severance of friendly relations, and that the responsibility of the next step is with France. 65 12 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 22 Incloses copy of Mr. Thouvenel's reply to proposition to open negotiations for accession of France to declaration of Paris. Mr. Thouvenel states that the United States must address all the powers associated in the declaration before his proposal can be considered. Mr. Dayton is in doubt whether condition of the United States modified by action of Great Britain, France, and Spain, in regard to privateering and belligerent rights, will permit accession to declaration of Paris. Delay cannot jeopardize affairs. Awaits instructions to accept for United States declaration of Paris, pure and simple. 65 32 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 1 States that while the United States would prefer to add Mr. Marcy's amendment to the declaration of Paris, yet they are ready to accept declaration as it stands. 67 27 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 6 States that the acceptance of the declaration of Paris has become complicated by reason of French acknowledgment of insurgent belligerency, and Mr. Dayton's departure from instruction No. 4. Reasons which demanded immediate presentation of proposition to French government. Impracticability of the Marcy amendment to exempt private property afloat from capture in time of war, and the not unreasonable motive which caused delay to negotiation by adding amendment to the declaration, pure and simple, as first tendered by Mr. Seward. States that it is not a time for propagandism, but for energetic action, to arrest the worst of all national calamities, and directs Mr. Dayton to renew proposition for an adoption of declaration of Paris in form originally prescribed, and to avoid compromising the exclusive sovereignty of United States. If any question concerning it shall arise, let it be introduced by France, and in that case Mr. Dayton must await instructions, but must assure the French government of the desire of the United States to lead in the negotiations when there shall be hope for the adoption of the Marcy amendment. 67 0017 XI Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. July 8 States that he has given Mr. Seward a list of the powers which have acceded to declaration of Paris on maritime law. In reference to the complication at Paris, produced by Mr. Dayton, Mr. Seward says if the United States declared that their accession to Paris declaration would impose an obligation on France with regard to disloyal as well as loyal States of the Union, or if the French government announced that by the acceptance of the accession of the United States they did not intend to contract any engagement affecting the insurgent States, Mr. Dayton's apprehension that an acceptance of the declaration would be injurious to United States, might be well founded. If the point described could be omitted from discussion, the accession of the United States might be accepted now, and its effect on insurgents determined afterward. Delay would arise from consultation with other powers. Mr. Seward presumed that practically England and France were sure that United States held that the flag covered the cargo, and that the goods of friends were free under enemy's flag; that it would endeavor to protect commerce of friends, and would hang privateers' crews as pirates. Lord Lyons informs Mr. Seward that last measure could not be acceptable to England or France, and informs Lord Russell that it is important that the accession of United States to declaration should not be accepted without informing them of the effect of acceptance by England and France with regard to insurgents. 70 14 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Acknowledges receipt of dispatches from 2 to 25. Recapitulates series of misunderstandings in regard to accession to declaration of Paris. States purpose to obtain from Lord Russell distinct answer in writing of disposition to open negotiations in London. 71 17 do July 19 Refers to Mr. Seward's No. 32, and incloses copy of correspondence with Lord Russell relative to opening negotiation at London. Describes misunderstanding concerning conversation at the first interview between Lord Russell and himself relative to declaration of Paris. Has left copy of convention with Lord Russell for submission to British cabinet, and states that Constitution of United States requires agreement to be submitted for action of Senate. Incloses note from Lord Russell, stating that as soon as British government is informed that similar convention has been concluded at Paris, it will accede. 72 0018 XII 20 Mr. Adams to Lord Russell. July 19 Informs Lord Russell that he will ascertain extent of Mr. Dayton's powers to negotiate with France. If he is not authorized to proceed, further instructions from Washington will be required. 75 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 26 Refers to his dispatch No. 17, and states that he has received from Mr. Dayton an account of his proposition to French government to accept Marcy amendment. Approves the propriety of Mr. Dayton's course, and speculates on the position of Great Britain. States that Mr. Dayton agrees to proceed on basis proposed by Lord Russell so soon as it shall be conveyed to him in writing. 76 49 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 29 Approves proposed appeal to British government on the subject of the declaration of Paris. 78 22 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. July 30 Incloses copy of note wherein Mr. Adams requests him to ascertain from French government whether it will agree simultaneously with that of Great Britain to accept accession of United States to declaration of Paris, pure and simple, also copy of his reply signifying readiness to ascertain. 78 22 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 2 Incloses copy of a note to Lord Russell of July 29, relating to situation of Mr. Dayton's proposal to French government, and his intention to propose the accession of France to declaration of Paris, pure and simple, simultaneously with the assent of Great Britain, and a copy of Lord Russell's reply, wherein he agrees to negotiate as soon as conventions can be simultaneously signed in Paris and London, but adds that Great Britain considers the engagement prospective and not retroactive. 80 24 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Aug. 2 States that instruction No. 27 has been anticipated by action based on information from Mr. Adams, and incloses copy of note to Mr. Thouvenel proposing to enter into a convention with France for accession to declaration of Paris, pure and simple, and referring to similar proposition made to British government by Mr. Adams. 83 55 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 6 Awaits with solicitude issue of proposition referred to in Mr. Adam's No. 17. Similar propositions go forward to every maritime power in Europe. 84 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Aug. 8 States that Mr. Dayton has proposed to negotiate convention with France embodying four points of declaration of Paris. 85 58 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 12 Hopes that conference between Mr. Adams and Mr. Dayton will bring about understanding with England and France in regard to declaration of Paris. 85 0019 XIII 61 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 17 Approves proceedings referred to in Mr. Adams's No. 22, and after reviewing Lord Russell's remark that the acceptance by Great Britain of the accession of United States to declaration of Paris will be prospective, not retroactive, instructs Mr. Adams to ask Lord Russell for an explanation of this modification before any further proceedings in the proposed negotiation. 85 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. Aug. 19 Incloses copy of his note to Mr. Adams respecting signature to proposed convention, and a copy of declaration he proposes to issue on signing the convention. 88 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Aug. 20 States that Mr. Thouvenel, upon receiving Lord Russell's note and declaration, informed him that France had determined to issue similar declaration, but that Mr. Dayton thought he could not receive such declaration without referring to his government; that Mr. Dayton hardly concealed from Mr. Thouvenel that the object of United States in signing convention was to force western powers to treat southern privateers as pirates. 88 35 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Aug. 22 States that both England and France refuse to negotiate except on understanding that convention is not to bear directly or indirectly on domestic difficulty in United States. Incloses a copy of Mr. Thouvenel's note, a copy of proposed convention, and of the French declaration. States that Mr. Thouvenel distinctly informed him that neither England nor France could deal with southern privateers as pirates, and that they could dispense with adhesion of United States to declaration of Paris before participating in their domestic controversy, and that the declaration to accompany proposed convention announces this determination. Mr. Dayton replied that his instructions contained no authority to vary obligations which France might incur by interpretation of terms of convention, and that United States could not recognize any distinction between its loyal and rebel citizens in treating with foreign governments. Mr. Thouvenel states that the outside declaration proposes to prevent future controversy concerning strict neutrality France had adopted. Mr. Dayton suggests to Mr. Adams either to issue counter declaration declining to admit doctrine of Anglo-French declaration, and proposes to await Mr. Adams reply before further conference with Mr. Thouvenel. 88 32 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 23 Incloses copy of note from Lord Russell with copy of declaration to be issued on signing the proposed convention, and has become acquainted with the intention of the French government to issue similar document. States that Mr. Dayton and himself await further instructions. 91 0020 XIV Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Aug. 27 States that he has informed Mr. Thouvenel that Mr. Adams refuses to sign convention without further instructions. 92 37 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Aug. 29 Incloses copy of his note of August 26 to Mr. Thouvenel reviewing the intention of French government to declare that convention does not implicate it directly or indirectly in the internal conflict in United States. Has adopted Mr. Adams's suggestion to stop negotiations, and explaining position and anticipations of United States to await further instructions. 92 34 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 30 Announces failure of negotiation, and incloses note of August 23d informing Lord Russell of determination to decline, in view of the proposed outside declaration, to sign the contemplated convention on the day appointed. After reviewing progress of negotiations, he infers influence in the cabinet adverse to success of proposition of United States. 95 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. Aug. 31 Incloses Mr. Adams's note in regard to British declaration upon conclusion of convention, and his reply thereto. 99 83 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 7 Reviews proceeding of Lord Russell as evinced in his proposed declaration to accompany convention, approves Mr. Adams's interruption of negotiations, and instructs him to inform Lord Russell that the proposed declaration is inadmissible, because it is impossible to permit a foreign power to adjust its relations upon assumed internal differences in United States, because it is not mutual, and because it is a departure from the declaration of Paris. If British government shall adhere to proposition, negotiation must be suspended. Anticipation of future relinquishment of present objections by Great Britain to position of United States. Regarding negotiation terminated, Mr. Seward states the views of the United States in regard to rights of neutrals in present case, and incloses copy of act of Congress which prohibited, in 1838, intervention with British authority in Canada. 100 39 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 7 Acknowledges receipt of dispatches from 61 to 67, and transmits copies of Lord Russell's note to him of the 28th of August, and of his instruction to Lord Lyons in reference to declaration of Paris, proposed modification by outside declaration and declination of Mr. Adams to conclude negotiation. View of certain involutions of British policy, and the probable suggestion of the outside modification of declaration of Paris by some member of the cabinet in the interest of the insurgents. Notes date of indorsement upon Lord Russell's note. 103 0021 XV 44 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. 1861. Sept. 7 Incloses copy of a letter of August 5 to Mr. Adams in regard to unacceptability to England of Marcy amendment, and to interpretation of Lord Russell's statement that the engagements of Great Britain will be prospective. Refers to proposed outside declaration, and to explanation requested. 110 56 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Sept. 10 Reviews progress of negotiation with France, and expresses the opinion entertained by the United States of the proposed modification of the declaration of Paris. Instructs Mr. Dayton to inform Mr. Thouvenel that the proposed outside declaration is deemed inadmissible by the President, and if it shall be insisted upon, negotiations must be suspended. 111 45 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Sept. 10 Incloses translation of a note of the 9th instant from Mr. Thouvenel, relating to specific grounds of exception to an unconditional acceptance of declaration of Paris. 114 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Sept. 10 Has heard Mr. Seward read instruction to Mr. Adams to break off negotiation. 116 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Sept. 10 States that Mr. Dayton has informed Mr. Thouvenel of suspension of negotiations. 117 88 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 14 Acknowledges No. 34, and refers to 83 as anticipating the course pursued. States that Lord Lyons has read to him letter to Mr. Edwards upon Dominican affairs. 117 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Sept. 24 Has informed Mr. Thouvenel that if the proposed declaration is insisted on, the United States intend to break off negotiations. 117 52 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 28 Acknowledges receipt of Mr. Seward's 83, and states that he will await further approval of his proceedings before communicating with Lord Russell. 118 59 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Oct. 14 Has submitted copy of Mr. Seward's 56, in reference to accession of United States to Paris declaration, to Mr. Thouvenel. 118 104 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 19 Communicates President's approval of Mr. Adams's proceedings; states that the present development of insurrection is due to toleration of its appeals in Europe. 119 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Dec. 6 Transmitting copies diplomatic correspondence for 1861. States that a review of the correspondence supports the determination of England and France not to accept accession of United States to declaration of Paris without the obligations assumed towards the seceded States. 119 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Dec. 20 Instructs Lord Lyons to inform Mr. Seward that in case of war between England and United States, the former will relinquish her right to privateering, provided the United States would reciprocate. 120 Do Dec. 24 Referring to approval by United States of Mr. Adams's refusal to sign convention as modified by declaration. 121 132 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1862. Mar. 20 Sentiment in Parliament concerning rights on ocean, and of blockade during the war. Difficulties attending the adoption of interest as a rule of action. Indifferent disposition of England to respect neutral rights and blockade in present war, and reasons therefor. 121 0022 XVI REVOCATION OF MR. BUNCH'S EXEQUATUR, OR MR. BUNCH'S MISSION. Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. 1861. July 8 Transmits copy of instruction to Mr. Bunch relative to obtaining a satisfactory declaration from southern government as to maritime rights of neutrals. Mr. Mercier has sent similar instructions to the French acting consul at Charleston. 123 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. July 24 Approves Lord Lyon's instructions to Mr. Bunch. 124 Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. Aug. 2 Reports Mr. Bunch's receipt of instructions. 124 Consul Bunch to Mr. Hammond. Aug. 5 Incloses number of letters in accompanying bag, which are intended for post. 124 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Aug. 16 Incloses correspondence with Vice-Consul Edwards relative to arrest at New York of Mr. Robert Mure, naturalized citizen of United States, on charge of carrying dispatches from rebel government to its commissioners in Europe. Refers to Mr. Mure's character as dispatch bearer. Mr. Seward states that Mure's passport is invalid, and that private letters from insurgents were found in his possession. Lord Lyons states that British vice-consul at New York has been instructed to ascertain truth of charges against Mure. 125 Do Aug. 16 Refers to paragraph in Baltimore Sun, which states that confederate congress has accepted the second, third, and fourth clauses of declaration of Paris. 127 63 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 17 Incloses Mure's passport, Consul Bunch's letter, and details particulars of arrest, and describes papers and bag found in Mure's possession. Sends Mr. Schultz with bag and instructs Mr. Adams to request the return of the contents, if treasonable, and in such case to inform Lord Russell of the expectation of the United States that Mr. Bunch will be visited with the displeasure of the British government. Lord Lyons is aware of transaction and general character of dispatch. 127 64 do Aug. 17 States that Mr. Bunch is implicated as conspirator against United States by letter found in Mure's possession, and requests Mr. Bunch's recall. 131 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Aug. 19 Refers to disposition of bag taken from Mure by Mr. Seward, and reviews suspicious of Mr. Seward concerning its treasonable contents. States that instruction of Mr. Bunch to Mr. Mure do not seem extraordinary, and that Mr. Seward is sincere and courteous. 131 0023 XVII Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Aug. 23 Incloses extracts from newspapers relating to conversation described in letter taken from Mure between its writer and Mr. Bunch relative to the mission of Messrs. Belligny and Trescott to Richmond, and suggests that there has been an abuse of Bunch's confidence by Mure. 132 Do Aug. 30 Inclosing a dispatch from Consul Bunch relative to proceedings to procure adherence of so-called Confederate States to declaration of Paris; a copy of resolutions of congress at Richmond on the subject; a copy of instructions issued by the president of insurgents to private armed vessels, and a copy of form of bond required. 134 Do Sept. 2 Expresses satisfaction with proceedings of Consul Bunch. 139 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. Sept. 7 Transmits copies of Mr. Adam's letter requesting recall of Mr. Bunch. States that the first proposal for instruction, the execution of which proved offensive to United States, came from France. States that British government decline to accede to request, without, however, admitting that the negotiation with the southern government is a step to the recognition of the confederacy. 139 Earl Cowley to Lord Russell. May 9 States that Mr. Thouvenel agrees that the assent of the belligerents in United States should be procured if possible to the second and third articles of the declaration of Paris; that consuls should be made organs of communication with southern States; that as France and United States had always agreed on articles proposed, it would be difficult for either party in America to refuse assent; that at beginning of American Revolution Great Britain treated letters of marque as piracy, though she subsequently acknowledged the belligerent rights of the States. 140 41 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 9 States that he has delivered bag captured from Mure into hands of Mr. Layard, of British Foreign Office, and has communicated to Lord Russell circumstances attending capture. States that he has requested that Mr. Bunch may be recalled, and incloses two notes to Lord Russell upon the subject. Announces return of Captain Schultz with dispatches from Mr. Dayton. 141 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Sept. 10 States that, in reply to his note communicating the request of the United States for the recall of Mr. Bunch in consequence of his execution of orders, Mr. Thouvenel informed him that no similar request had been made of the French government, but that it would not give up an agent who had merely executed its orders. 144 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Sept. 14 Incloses copies of correspondence with Mr. Adams in relation to the proceedings of Mr. Bunch, and requests that an explanation may be made by Mr. Bunch of that part of his conduct which has received criticism by United States. 145 0024 XVIII 44 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 14 Incloses two notes from Lord Russell in regard to the capture of British dispatch bag and the conduct of Consul Bunch. States that it appears that Bunch has been executing recent instructions. Lord Russell states that in view of interruption of mails in contravention of postal treaty with great Britain, private letters were confided to consular bag, and that on opening bag nothing was found of treasonable character; that Mr. Bunch cannot be recalled, and that the British government in endeavoring to obtain accession of southern States to last three articles of declaration of Paris, do not consider itself as taking the first step to a recognition of the southern confederacy. 146 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. Sept. 17 States that Mr. Dayton has made no representation to French government in regard to participation of French consul at Charleston in Mr. Bunch's mission. 148 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Sept. 27 States that Mr. Bunch denies statement contained in letter taken from Mure. Reports proceedings for facilitating correspondence with Bunch. 149 Do Oct. 8 Incloses dispatch from Consul Bunch explanatory of his conduct in regard to transmission of dispatches by Robert Mure. 149 108 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 22 Acknowledges receipt of No. 44, containing Lord Russell's statement concerning contents of intercepted dispatch bag. Objects to substitution of British dispatch bag for United States mail bag, and hopes that magnanimity of British government may be relied on not to complain of breach of international postal treaty, and of resort of United States to suppression of correspondence between insurgents and foreign nations. 151 109 do Oct. 23 Reviews Lord Russell's statement of Mr. Bunch's negotiation with insurgent government, and announces the reasons which induce United States to revoke Mr. Bunch's exequatur. States influence of Queen's proclamation on British relations with insurgent authorities, and expresses satisfaction with conduct of Lord Lyons, with whom an arrangement has been made for conveyance of correspondence of British government to and from its consuls residing in blockaded ports. 152 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Oct. 26 States that explanation communicated by Consul Bunch in his communication of the 30th September is not satisfactory, and requests further explanation from Mr. Bunch. 155 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Oct. 28 States that during an interview Mr. Seward read to him an instruction to Mr. Adams to inform the British government that the United States had determined to revoke the exequatur of Mr. Bunch. States that in the dispatch no allusion is made to the co-operation in the negotiation of the French consul at Charleston. In reference to Mr. Bunch, Lord Lyons avers that never were serious charges brought upon a slighter foundation. 155 0025 XIX 71 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 14 Refers to dispatch No. 108, and states that during an interview on the 13th of November, he communicated its contents to Lord Russell, and incloses copy of his note to the British minister embodying substance of 108. Mr. Adams inquires concerning foundation of information of the revocation of Mr. Bunch's exequatur, which has reached England. 157 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Nov. 14 Communicates dispatch from Consul Bunch containing further explanation of the contents of the intercepted letters, and the reason for confiding his dispatches to Mr. Mure's care. 159 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 15 States that Lord Palmerston in an interview refers to the revocation of Mr. Bunch's exequatur as a proceeding calculated to produce irritation. Mr. Adams has received no intimation of the fact from his government, and states that United States was desirous to raise no needless questions; but they were annoyed by proceedings of parties in sympathy with the rebellion in England and France. The sense of faith in foreign aid had kept up the rebellion, and was the only source of bad feeling in America for England. 161 74 do Nov. 22 States that in accordance with instruction 109 he has communicated to Earl Russell the determination of the United States to revoke the exequatur of Mr. Bunch. 162 75 do Nov. 22 Incloses Earl Russell's note of the 15th instant, in regard to the intercepted dispatch bag of Mr. Bunch and to transfer of discussions to Washington. 165 81 do Nov. 29 Incloses copy of Earl Russell's note in regard to revocation by United States of Mr. Bunch's exequatur and copy of Mr. Adam's reply thereto, in which the principles and reasons involved are discussed, especially the determination of the British government to communicate directly with insurgent government when necessity shall require. 165 136 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 30 States that at the time of the communication of the French and British governments to the insurgents, through Mr. Bunch, he had learned that England was prepared to assume a tone that should repel prevailing presumption of its inclination to a recognition. Offensive correspondence of Great Britain left no alternative but to revoke exequatur of offending consul, which was done because he had rendered himself personally obnoxious. 171 0026 XX 84 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 6 Incloses copies of further correspondence with Earl Russell in regard to revocation of Mr. Bunch's exequatur, wherein Earl Russell disclaims any interference in the domestic affairs of the United States; but explicitly claims the right of protecting the lives and property of British subjects wherever they may be threatened, attacked, or injured. Mr. Adams in reply states that he does not perceive that Earl Russell's interpretation of law of United States relieves Mr. Bunch, a consular officer under recognition of United States, undertaking diplomatic negotiation with persons in open resistance to its authority. 171 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Dec. 6 Calls attention to dispatch in published diplomatic correspondence for 1861, addressed to Mr. Adams, in regard to revocation of Mr. Bunch's exequatur; but has not received or seen any official notification of such revocation. 175 87 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 12 Incloses copy of a note from Earl Russell acknowledging that Mr. Bunch, under instructions from British government, placed himself in communication with persons in arms against United States. 175 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Dec. 23 States that with the exception of the information in Mr. Adams's note of the 21st of November, he has no official knowledge of revocation of Mr. Bunch's exequatur. 176 Do Dec. States that Mr. Seward has informed him that Mr. Bunch's exequatur had been revoked some time, and that by a note of the 6th instant he finds that Mr. Adams had announced it to the British government. Refers to a communication of the fact to Mr. Bunch, and its effect upon his sources of information. 176 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. 1862. Jan. 18 States that the British government do not dispute right of United States to revoke Consul Bunch's exequatur, and that the vice-consul can sign such papers as are required for use in the United States. 177 Mr. Mason to Earl Russell. July 7 States that the adhesion of the Confederate States is given to the law of blockade as declared by the convention of Paris, with the addition engrafted by the British government relative to its maintenance by a force sufficient to prevent access to the coast of the enemy. 177 Do 1863. Jan. — Refers to previous note of July 7, 1862, communicating assent of Confederate States to principle of Paris declaration in regard to blockade, and states that the British government having derogated from the proposition agreed to, refuse either to reply to the official complaint of the confederacy or to make explanations requested. 178 0027 XXI DEMAND FOR REVOCATION OF REBEL BELLIGERENCY. 10 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. 1861. May 21 States that course of events in Europe has made it necessary for the United States to take decided stand and signify its views. Reviews Mr. Dallas's proceedings, and informs Mr. Adams that whenever unofficial or official intercourse with insurgent emissaries is established he must arrest communication with British government. Mr. Adams is instructed to take no notice of any alliance between England and France in regard to United States. The blockade will be maintained, and it is expected that it will be respected. Every foreign consular or diplomatic agent in United States who shall disobey federal laws or disown federal authority, will be dismissed. The United States will question proceedings which have in view recognition of insurgents, and will treat insurgent privateers as pirates. 179 2 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 21 Interview with Lord Russell at Pembroke Lodge. Refers to effect of opinion in English private and public circles upon the difficulties in the United States and upon international relations. Lord Russell says that he informed Mr. Dallas that the British government were not disposed to interfere in struggle in United States, and he now adds that the course of the government in regard to participation of British subjects had necessarily to be defined. In regard to Hungary, cited by Lord Russell as a precedent for action of Great Britain in acknowledging belligerency of self-styled confederacy, Mr. Adams replies that the mission to Hungary was one only of inquiry, and was not followed by recognition. Mr. Adams refers to rights and duties of neutrals and his power to negotiate. Lord Russell informs him that Lord Lyons has authority to negotiate at Washington. Inquires concerning the kind of blockade established, and to the high tariff adopted by the United States. Lord Russell promises to communicate to United States through Lord Lyons a statement of the attitude of England in regard to rebellion. 182 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. May 21 Relating the substance of conversation with Mr. Adams at Pembroke Lodge, May 18. 187 5 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 22 Mr. Thouvenel expresses concern of Emperor at disturbances in United States; desires to be informed concerning policy of United States in regard to neutrals, to southern privateers, and to blockade. Tender by the Emperor of his good offices to United States as mediator. Mr. Thouvenel's remarks to Mr. Dayton and Mr. Sanford in regard to neutral duties and rights of France. 189 0028 XXII 10 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. May 30 Refers to Mr. Sanford's conversation with Mr. Thouvenel, and says that Mr. Thouvenel may be informed that any communication held by the French government with agents of insurgents will be considered by United States as exceptionable and injurious, and that the United States are not reconciled with recognition of the southern States as a belligerent power. 191 8 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 30 No disposition manifested in France to favor recognition of insurgent independence. The recognition according belligerent rights to insurgents is for commercial purposes. 192 14 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 3 Apprehension in United States of foreign aid or intervention in rebellion is justified by reserve of British ministry when protest of United States against recognition of insurgents was presented; by contracting an engagement with France without consulting United States as to policy in regard to rebellion; by Lord Russell's announcement that he was not unwilling to receive insurgent commissioners unofficially; by precipitate issue of Queen's proclamation. Has delayed communicating views of President until receipt of promised statement of England and France of their attitude towards United States. Expresses satisfaction of President with Mr. Adams's reception by British government. 193 15 do June 8 Reviews conversation between Lord Russell and Mr. Adams of 18th May in regard to foreign intervention. Approves Mr. Adams's interrogatories and statements. Refers to reasons given in dispatch 14 for anticipating foreign intervention. Refers to Queen's proclamation, and says that any of the positions of Lord Russell in regard to that instrument are not conceded by United States. Negotiations in regard to declaration of Paris can be conducted at Washington. Approves Mr. Adams's remarks on tariff. 194 16 do June 8 Incloses note to Lord Lyons in regard to application of rule exempting friends' goods in enemy's vessel to case of bark Winifred. 197 8 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 14 Converses with Lord Russell in regard to precipitate issue of Queen's proclamation, and to unofficial reception of insurgent emissaries. Receives assurance that British government intends to be entirely neutral, and that reception of commissioners did not imply recognition. Mr. Adams says that Queen's proclamation has relieved United States from liability for damages to British shipping by insurgents. 198 19 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 17 Proceedings of United States in view of anxiety lest insurgents should obtain aid from foreign nations. Views of United States government in regard to declaration of Paris communicated in proposition to England and France. That he could not receive the dispatches which Lord Lyons and Mr. Mercier were directed to communicate. Refers to the understanding between England and France as to one course in reference to rebellion in United States. Communication in Mr. Mercier's dispatch of the recognition of the insurgents as belligerents by France; also of the inclination of France to negotiate in relation to neutral rights. Bearing of the present state of affairs upon the future relations between the two countries. 200 0029 XXIII 21 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 19 Refers to interview with Lord Lyons and Mr. Mercier, wherein Lord Lyons presents a dispatch from his government, which United States cannot receive, stating that the country is considered by England to be divided into two belligerent parties; implying, without specification, the possession of belligerent rights by the insurgents. President declines, with appreciation, the mediation tendered by Great Britain. 205 11 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June — Mr. Thouvenel has informed him that the French government has no idea of recognizing the independence of the insurgent government, and that he has received Mr. Rost as a private citizen. All efforts of the confederate agents have been unsuccessful in obtaining either recognition or money from France. 208 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 21 Is not able to recall occasion when his language seemed offensive to Lord Lyons. He has refrained from expressing to Lord Lyons dissatisfaction which has been produced by his communications. Obstruction to diplomatic intercourse greater than the manner of conducting it is to be found in the opinion of the American people, based upon indifference of British government and community to integrity of United States. 209 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. June 21 Satisfaction with Mr. Adams's conduct. Only complaint Mr. Adams has made has been against premature publication of Queen's proclamation of neutrality. Reviews the reasons which induced British government to recognize belligerency of insurgents. Cites Mr. Canning. The governments of France and England agree that proposition of Mr. Dayton to attach Marcy amendment to declaration of Paris ought to be rejected. 210 22 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 22 Shall regard France as respecting United States until she practically violates her friendly obligation. 211 10 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 28 Communication to Lord Russell of President's views, expressed in Mr. Seward's 14 and 15. 212 0030 XXIV 32 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 1 Can never acquiesce in assumption of Great Britain that United States is divided in two parts; though, if Great Britain forbears from interference, United States will not inquire concerning the names it gives that forbearance. 212 27 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 6 Causes of misapprehension of instructions concerning proposition to France to accept declaration of Paris. United States will not acquiesce in declaration of France, which assumes that United States is not exclusive sovereign in States and Territories of the Union; and they adhere to declaration of Paris, pure and simple, as an undivided nation. 213 42 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 21 Profound solicitude of President to avert foreign war. Reasons for protesting against foreign recognition and interference in insurrection. Reasons for refraining from proving to Great Britain the assumed error of her recognition of insurgents as belligerents, and for desiring mutual forbearance until reconciliation of conflicting systems shall have become impossible. Mutual forbearance authorized President to inform Congress on 4th of July that sovereignty of United States was respected by all nations. Substantial character of the policy of the United States, and disastrous consequences if the war involves foreign states. 214 21 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. July 22 Will communicate reasons of United States for not officially receiving a communication from Mr. Mercier, announcing concession of belligerent rights to insurgents. Comments upon the intention of France to address the government at Montgomery. 216 35 do Aug. 22 Informs Mr. Thouvenel that any declaration which recognized distinction between North and South was a matter upon which the United States were peculiarly sensitive; that they treated with foreign governments for the whole country. Mr. Thouvenel answered that France did not contest the right of United States to treat for the whole country; that the declaration was intended to prevent misconception in the future. 217 Earl Russell to Messrs. Yancy, Rost, and Mann. Aug. 24 Acknowledges receipt of their letter of the 14th, and informs them that the British government cannot acknowledge the independence of the so-styled confederacy. 218 34 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 30 Incloses Lord Russell's letter to Mr. Edwards, of 14th May, in regard to annexation of Dominican territory to Spain, and invites attention to designation of contending parties in America. 218 Earl Russell to Mr. Adams. Sept. 9 The British government have recognized belligerent character of southern States but are not prepared to recognize independence of so-called confederacy. 220 0031 XXV 61 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 18 Movements inspired by insurgent emissaries to influence British government; character of public speeches of British ministers; public review of American affairs by Earl Russell. Intentions of British government expressed in leading article in London Post, Lord Palmerston's paper. Lord Russell's probable friendship for United States. 220 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Nov. 4 Mr. Seward says reception of confederate vessels in British ports is the only difficulty between United States and Great Britain. Lord Lyons informs Mr. Seward that objection to communication between England, France, and the de facto government of the South, can only keep open a source of irritation; there was necessity for such communication. Cites instances, and Mr. Seward's reply. 221 Earl Russell to Messrs. Yancey, Rost, and Mann. Dec. 7 Declines to enter into official communication. 222 1862. 168 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 23 Embarrassment of United States by the position of the British government in regard to entertainment of insurgent cruisers in British ports. Effective military capacity of United States. 223 179 do Feb. 5 Approves proceeding of Mr. Adams in regard to “Nashville.” Has communicated to Mr. Perry uselessness to European maritime powers of a policy which invites insurgent privateers and repels American commerce from their ports. United States have heard with incredulity that France proposed three months ago, to Great Britain, recognition and intervention to break blockade. Has received evidence that secession sympathizers will inaugurate debate and motion in Parliament for recognition. 223 182 do Feb. 13 If British government still perseveres in its policy, is it asking too much of them to lend protection of their courts to the enforcement of the neutrality commanded by the Queen's proclamation? 224 114 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Feb. 19 Reviews Mr. Dayton's report of conversation with Mr. Thouvenel in reference to neutral rights and duties as affected by war in United States, and to progress and end of military operations. 224 196 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 27 Concession of belligerent rights to insurgents is cause of all embarrassments between England and United States. Presses propriety of revoking that concession upon attention of British government. 226 197 do Feb. 28 Successes in the West permit partial restoration of inland trade and adoption of measures in relation to sea coast, which will be some alleviation to blockade. 227 199 do Mar. 6 Duration of the war in the United States is dependent upon revocation of the British concession of belligerent rights to insurgents. Requests that Earl Russell may be asked whether it would not be wiser and better to remove necessity of blockade than to keep the world in debate about expediency of trying to break it. 227 0032 XXVI 123 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Mar. 8 Proof of the efficiency of the blockade. The insurrection is kept alive by the treatment of the insurgents as lawful belligerents by the maritime powers. 228 203 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 10 Statements to prove efficiency of blockade. Losses and sufferings in Europe by reason of war in United States may be removed by rescinding the decrees of England and France which concede belligerent rights to a faction. 229 209 do Mar. 15 Is gratified with improved condition of public opinion in Great Britain. As insurrection is approaching exhaustion, the President hopes that Mr. Adams is sparing no efforts to convince Earl Russell that the time has come when the concession of belligerent rights may be revoked with safety to Great Britain. 229 210 do Mar. 17 Occupation of southern ports by Union forces will probably terminate illicit trade with Great Britain. Does not understand why maritime powers do not rescind belligerent rights accorded to insurgents. 230 129 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Mar. 25 Conversation with Emperor about cotton supply, opening the ports, and the concession of belligerent rights to insurgents. 230 133 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Mar. 26 Refers to conversation of Mr. Dayton with the Emperor, to the distress among French cotton operatives produced by civil war in the United States, and to the policy of France based on aspect of affairs in Europe at the beginning of the war. Instructs Mr. Dayton to communicate to Mr. Thouvenel the purpose of the President to remove the extraordinary restraints which have been imposed upon commerce as soon as practicable, and that the pacification of the Union would be assisted by the revocation of belligerent rights accorded to insurgents and reasons therefor. 231 135 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 27 Doubts the expediency of pressing upon the British government arguments for retraction of their error in granting to rebels belligerent rights. 233 131 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Mar. 31 Conversation with Mr. Thouvenel in regard to the propriety of France retracting the concession of belligerent rights to insurgents. Mr. Thouvenel says that France cannot act without conference with England. He thinks that the concession is of little importance if the United States is in possession of all the ports. The sympathies of France have been from the beginning with the North. 234 0033 XXVII 217 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 31 Incloses dispatch of Mr. Dayton reporting conversation with the Emperor of the French. 235 218 do April 1 Reasons for continuing to urge upon the British government the revocation of the concession of belligerent rights to the insurgents. Geographical and social reasons that render such a peaceful separation as intimated by Lord Russell impossible. 235 140 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 3 Still adheres to the opinion that no good would come from pressing upon British government, now, the propriety of revoking the concession of belligerency to the insurgents. 236 228 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 14 If the expectations of the insurgents of recognition of their sovereignty by principal maritime powers were removed, the President feels assured that the opening of the ports might be conceded at once. Leaves to the discretion of Mr. Adams the selection of the occasion for communicating this view to the British government. 236 138 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. April 15 Surveys military position which authorizes Mr. Thouvenel to assume that insurrection is failure. That commercial interests of France are involved in revocation of belligerency accorded to insurgents, and the supply of cotton depends upon duration of the insurrection. That blockade can be raised as soon as concession of belligerency to insurgents is revoked. 237 144 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 16 Presses upon Lord Russell the revocation by England of the concession of belligerent rights, as it is now the only remaining moral support of the insurgents. Refers to absence of aversion on the part of the French Emperor to entertain the question. Lord Russell justifies English neutrality, and denies disposition of British government to protect blockade runners. Mr. Adams cites cases where, if United States should adopt similar neutrality, Great Britain could not fail to be injured. The treatment of the Oreto is a source of unfriendly feeling between the two nations. Lord Russell does not know how England can alter her policy. 238 137 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. April 17 Will keep in view the suggestion in regard to withdrawal by France of concession of belligerent rights. Will confer with Mr. Adams before communicating with French government in writing. 241 235 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 19 The grievances which disturb the United States, and alienate it from Great Britain, seem deducible from concessions to insurgents. Instructs Mr. Adams to furnish British government with accumulating evidence of purpose of United States to preserve the Union. Responsibility for future alienation between the two countries cannot rest with the President. 242 0034 XXVIII 146 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. April 28 Bullock's projected expedition from England is regarded as a piratical invasion of the United States. Would it not be well for France to signify her aversion to designs of European conspirators. 243 240 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 28 Capture of New Orleans. Bullock's proposed expedition leads to reflection that European powers are willing that the suppression of the insurrection should be associated with conviction that sympathies of Europe were lent to abortive revolution. 243 148 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. May 1 President's mitigation of blockade. Incloses copy of correspondence with Mr. Adams in regard to subscription among merchants in Liverpool to aid insurgents. If true neutrality was observed by foreign powers domestic strife would soon terminate. 244 245 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. May 5 Successes of Union arms, simultaneous preparation to mitigate blockade, and ratification of treaty for suppression of African slave trade. President requests attention of Earl Russell may be called to position of Great Britain in regard to recognition of insurgents as belligerents. 244 149 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. May 5 Opening of New Orleans to mails and commerce. A speedy termination of the war depends upon withdrawal of belligerent rights conceded to insurgents by foreign powers. 245 151 do May 7 The issue of proclamation for the restoration of commerce at New Orleans may be regarded as announcement that United States has passed danger of disunion. French neutrality and friendship. 246 159 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 15 Communication to Lord Russell of success of Union arms, and of the growing feeling of irritation towards Great Britain. Lord Russell replies that large portion of country remains unconquered, and that hostile sentiment had always existed in America. Mr. Adams cites instances in experience of his family that show causes of unfriendly feeling between the two countries. 247 147 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 16 He awaits still further change for the better condition of affairs in United States before urging again the revocation of concession to insurgents of belligerent rights. 248 164 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 22 In reply to request, in view of recent Union successes, to revoke belligerent rights accorded to insurgents, Lord Russell replies that he does not see his way to a change of policy. In reply to reproach that insurgents obtained arms and money in England, Lord Russell says that United States have availed themselves of same opportunity. Mr. Adams said that the practice had been discontinued. 249 149 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 22 Has communicated to Mr. Thouvenel desire of the United States for the revocation of belligerent rights accorded to the insurgents. Mr. Thouvenel refers to military situation and future of the South, disposition of the cotton crop, and the impossibility of acting upon the proposition for withdrawal of belligerency without previous conference with England. Mr. Dayton suggests that France may signify her aversion to plots of insurgent conspirators in England. Mr. Thouvenel admits that they cannot be justified. Suggests cooperation with Lord Lyons and Mr. Mercier to obtain revocation of neutrality decree. 251 0035 XXIX 154 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 2 Revocation by France of concession of belligerent rights depends entirely upon existence of present understanding with England. 253 163 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 3 Reasons for withdrawal by France of her recognition of insurgent belligerency. 253 272 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 9 Regrets refusal of England to reconsider its attitude towards United States. Relations with maritime powers may be debated in Congress. 256 167 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 20 Regrets determination of France not to rescind belligerency accorded to insurgents. Change of position of maritime powers is necessary to full restoration of commerce with Europe. 256 178 do July 10 United States have redressed every complaint made by foreign governments, and only complain because neutrality encouraging to rebellion has not been repealed. 257 303 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 18 Recognition by maritime powers of internal enemy as belligerent, illicit British trade and sympathies of Europe counteract efforts of United States to terminate war. 257 195 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Sept. 13 Discussion of reception of insurgent emissaries by French government with Mr. Thouvenel. 258 359 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 26 Political interests of European states are modifying agreement between England and France to act in accord upon questions issuing from American insurrection. 259 373 do Oct. 20 Remonstrance against the British government permitting hostile expeditions to be fitted out in her ports. 259 418 do Dec. 8 In regard to the intimation in the communication from Earl Russell of the belief that the United States are more tolerant of real or apparent injury from France than from Great Britain. 260 1863. 355 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 26 Inclosing speeches made in the House of Lords on the 23d instant on American affairs. Tone of Lord Russell's reply. 262 336 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. April 24 Though France unnecessarily recognized insurgent belligerency, the United States appreciate their observance of neutrality. 262 669 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 30 Review of insurgent situation; the encouragement it has received from maritime powers of Europe. Action of England in regard to cruisers; of France in proposing a recognition of insurgent independence. Consequences of general war. 263 0036 XXX Mr. Seward to Lord Lyons. Aug. 4 Case of the General Rusk 268 676 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 10 Speculations concerning reasons for English animosity against United States. 268 Cir. do Aug. 12 In view of military success of Union arms, the quickest way for foreign maritime powers, who seek commercial prosperity through restoration of peace in America, to gain that end is to withdraw support from insurgents, and leave adjustment of insurrection to the people of the United States. 269 729 do Oct. 5 The preparation of hostile expeditions in England is regarded as fruit of neutrality proclamation. The United States refuse to be derogated to equality with insurgents by any act of British government. 270 762 do Nov. 17 Insurgent plots in Canada a consequence of neutrality proclamation. Proceedings of the insurgents as disturbers of the public peace at home and abroad. 270 771 do Nov. 30 Reasons for revoking belligerent rights accorded to the insurgents. 271 1864. 802 do Jan. 6 Case of Rappahannock. Enlistment of pirates, and equipment of ships of war by British subjects in British waters press United States to ask if Great Britain will put an end to such intolerable practices inconsistent with her neutrality. 272 580 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 21 Incloses copy of communication to Lord Russell in regard to issue by insurgents of naturalization papers to aliens on board vessels that never have been within insurgent jurisdiction. 273 838 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 8. Commending the communication to Lord Russell of insurgent naturalization of aliens at sea. 275 596 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 12 Incloses Lord Russell's note in regard to Mallory's report, and to charge that British dominion is base for insurgent operations. 275 843 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 13 The interest of Great Britain is to be found in change of policy towards United States. 276 602 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 19 Inclosing Mr. Adams's note to Lord Russell in regard to extraordinary facilities insurgents derive from British neutrality. 277 861 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 3 Regrets that Lord Russell still thinks that necessity exists for regarding insurgents as belligerents. 278 869 do Mar. 11 Thinks that France and England would recede rather than go further in the line of favor to the insurgents. 278 950 do May 18 Satisfaction with the vindication in Parliament of the proceedings in the case of the Tuscaloosa, instituted to preserve British neutrality. 278 0037 XXXI 1068 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 15 Increase of emigration is dependent upon recognition of insurgent belligerency by European states. 279 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Nov. 26 Reviews the demand of the United States upon the British government for a relinquishment of their belligerent recognition of the insurgents, and the reasons for not acceding to it. 279 823 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 1 Incloses the London Times containing Lord Russell's letter to the three rebel commissioners, announcing determination of British government to maintain its neutrality. 282 1201 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Dec. 26 Has received Lord Russell's letter to rebel emissaries, and says if British government were less just, United States would raise question upon the extraordinary communication. 283 1865. 886 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 2 Appointment of Sir Frederick Bruce as minister to United States, and indications of British polity to be drawn therefrom. 283 1296 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 10 Apprehension prevailing in Great Britain that the close of insurrection will be followed by inauguration of war upon England through Canada. 284 1302 do Mar. 13 Case of the Stonewall 286 910 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 30 Will urge upon Lord Russell the necessity of withdrawing British recognition of insurgent belligerency. Resumé of public opinion in England on Canadian affairs. 286 1336 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Apr. 4 Conciliatory tone is preserved by United States, but alienation is encouraged by continued recognition of insurgents as belligerents. 287 1337 do April 4 Incloses Mr. Burnley's note informing United States of discharge of St. Albans raiders, and of their subsequent arrest on charge of violating Queen's neutrality. 288 115 Mr. Seward to Mr. Potter. Mar. 21 Can go no further in way of conciliating Canada until there is some show of reciprocity. 288 Notice. April 4 Reward offered for arrest of invaders of territory of United States. 289 917 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 7 Will communicate to British government remonstrance against course of British government in continuing to recognize rebels as belligerents. 289 927 do April 13 Incloses copy of a note addressed to Lord Russell in regard to the Sea King, and remonstrating against continued recognition of insurgents as belligerents. 290 1394 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. May 5 In view of military news the withdrawal of belligerent rights by Great Britain is expected. 293 952 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. May 11 Incloses Lord Russell's note of May 4 in regard to reply of Mr. Adams to application of Portugal in 1818, for redress, quoted as precedent in case of the Sea King. Upon the relinquishment by United States of right to search British vessels, depends action of British government in regard to insurgent belligerency. 294 0038 XXXII 1401 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. May 15 The arrival of the Stonewall at Nassau induces President to press upon British government necessity of withdrawing their recognition of rebel belligerency. Incloses note to Sir Frederick Bruce upon that subject. 301 960 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. May 18 Incloses London Times containing ministerial replies to inquiries concerning withdrawal from insurgents of belligerent rights. 303 963 do May 25 Restrictions concerning sojourn of national vessels in British and French ports have been withdrawn; withdrawal of belligerent rights depends on renunciation by United States of right to search neutral vessels at sea. Suggests possession by force of Galveston and Rio Grande to prevent illicit trade. 303 964 do May 25 Incloses his reply of 20th to Lord Russell's note of 4th instant. The precipitate recognition of insurgents as belligerents, and the flagrant abuse of neutrality by the insurgents in British waters without satisfactory prevention by British government, justify United States in claiming reparation. 303 Sir F. Bruce to Earl Russell. May 26 Incloses proclamation of President opening all seaports except those of Texas. Reasons for expecting early removal of all restrictions upon trade. 317 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. May 30 Suggestions as to an arrangement for simultaneous withdrawal by England and France of belligerent rights accorded to insurgents. 318 Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. May 31 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys suggests the addition to the arrangement proposed that confederate vessels may be disarmed and sold in British and French waters. 320 Earl Russell to Sir F. Bruce. June 2 Recognizes the termination of war in United States and withdraws recognition of insurgent belligerency modified by regulations concerning disposition of insurgent property in British waters. 320 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. June 2 Any insurgent vessels found in British ports after termination of war properly revert to United States, but all counter claims to such property must be decided in courts of law. 322 975 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. June 2 Alarm in England at alleged imperious demand of United States for reparation of damages by vessels fitted out in England. An alliance between France and England against United States is suggested by insurgent emissaries and French and British sympathizers with rebellion. 323 Sir J. Crampton to Earl Russell. June 6 Incloses royal decree of Spain abrogating decree of 17th of June, 1861, by which insurgents were recognized as belligerents. 324 983 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. June 8 Incloses copy of Lord Russell's note to lords commissioners of admiralty of 2d instant, announcing withdrawal of belligerent rights from insurgents, and comments thereon. 325 0039 XXXIII Earl Cowley to Earl Russell. June 13 Incloses extract from the Moniteur stating that imperial government will no longer recognize belligerents in North America. 327 Earl Russell to Sir F. Bruce. June 16 Reduction of Galveston having been accomplished by United States, it will not be necessary to point out the clause in President's proclamation which threatens certain oftenders as pirates. 328 Sir F. Bruce to Earl Russell. June 19 Incloses Mr. Seward's reply to Lord Russell's dispatch of the 2d instant. Mr. Seward regrets the consultation of British with French government before recognizing restoration of peace in United States; that the twenty-four-hour rule is still in force; and that there is a reservation in favor of insurgent vessels of war; and protests against allowing insurgent vessels to leave British ports. The United States regard the right of search as having come to an end. 328 1464 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. June 26 Incloses President's proclamation rescinding blockade. 331 Earl Russell to Sir F. Bruce. July 1 Approves the decision in the case of the Retribution, and assents to the position that a commissioned ship of an enemy cannot, during the continuance of the war, be relieved from condemnation in a prize court of the other belligerent, by sale to a neutral. 331 Earl Russell to Sir F. Bruce. July 6 In regard to the objections of Mr. Seward to the apparent concessions to the insurgents in the instrument rescinding belligerent rights. 332 PORT REGULATIONS. 1861. Lord Lyons to Lord Russell. May 11 Is informed that southern congress declared war and authorized issue of letters of marque. Incloses his dispatch to Rear-Admiral Milne. 333 Ord. Secretary of colonies to governor of Canada. June 1 Announcing British neutrality and interdiction of prizes in British ports. 334 Lord Russell to Lord Lyons. June 1 Incloses note to lords commissioners of admiralty in regard to interdiction of prizes in British ports. 335 Messrs. Yancey, Rost and Maun to Earl Russell. Aug. 14 Requesting British recognition of confederate independence and objecting to interdiction of their prizes in British ports. 335 84 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 10 Incloses dispatch from Mr. Bernard, of Trinidad, showing connivance of island authorities with insurgent privateer Sumter. Directs that the British government be requested to prevent similar occurrence in future. 337 53 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 4 Incloses copies of two notes addressed to Lord Russell in regard to violation of neutrality in British West Indian Islands. 338 0040 XXXIV 58 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 11 Incloses Lord Russell's reply in regard to allegations that British neutrality had been violated in West Indian Islands. 339 112 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 29 President does not regard Lord Russell's explanation of affair at Trinidad as satisfactory, and hopes that Great Britain will reconsider question involved. 340 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Nov. 4 In regard to reception of insurgent privateers in English and Dutch ports. 341 Do Nov. 9 Mr. Seward requests Lord Lyons to suggest to British government the adoption of the twenty-four-hour rule which had been adopted by all other powers of Europe. 342 122 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 11 Great Britain is only government which extends unlimited hospitality to insurgent privateers, and requests the reconsideration of their position. 343 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Nov. 22 Asserts that Mr. Seward never chooses to understand position of British government. As a neutral it will treat insurgent vessels in same manner as vessels of United States. 343 93 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 20 Lord Russell says that supplies in all instances furnished insurgent vessels in British ports came from individuals and not the government. The time of stay prescribed in British regulation was substantially the same as that in foreign ports. 34 1862. 196 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 27 Requests serious consideration by Lord Russell of the preparation in British waters of a fleet of piratical privateers to depredate upon American commerce. 344 137 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 27 Incloses copies of three notes received by him from Lord Russell in regard to the refusal of the authorities at Nassau to permit United States vessel of war Flambeau to coal at that port, and an extension of the privilege to a merchant vessel of the insurgents. 346 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Feb. 1 Incloses copy of letter addressed to lords commissioners of the admiralty with regard to the rules to preserve strict neutrality of England as commanded to be observed in all ports in British jurisdiction. 348 232 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 16 Approval of proceedings of the governor at Nassau in case of Flambeau by British government is considered unfriendly by President. Inconvenience to legitimate commerce is sufficient reason for revision of British proclamation of neutrality. 351 275 do June 23 Removal of American ship of war Saginaw from Hong Kong may be communicated to Earl Russell as illustration of injurious operation of British neutrality. 351 188 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 17 Incloses note to Lord Russell in regard to the exclusion from Hong Kong of the United States vessel Saginaw, and accompanies it with copies of all papers in case. 352 198 do July 31 Incloses copies of additional correspondence between himself and Lord Russell in regard to Saginaw. 354 0041 XXXV 1862. 324 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 14 As he never expects to hear of insurgent vessels in Chinese waters, he deems exclusion of American vessels unnecessary. 355 1863. 534 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 13 As the British and French government have recognized insurgents as belligerents, the refusal to receive their vessels would involve necessity of refusing to receive those of United States. 355 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Nov. 28 Lord Palmerston says that England would not permit interference with any vessels within British waters, but in regard to vessels met at sea the British government would not dispute the belligerent right of search. 356 1864. 611 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 10 Incloses debate in Parliament in regard to rebel operations on the ocean. 357 871 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 11 Requests reconsideration by British government of policy which permits abuse of neutrality by insurgent emissaries in British ports and provinces. Cases of Tuscaloosa and Chesapeake. 357 669 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 22 Mr. Burlingame telegraphs that Chinese government has forbidden insurgent cruisers to enter its waters. 359 721 do June 16 Incloses note from Lord Russell objecting to the entrance of United States vessel of war Tioga in colonial ports, and communicating a copy of English port regulations and of his reply on the subject. 359 723 do June 17 Incloses instructions of British government to governors of colonies respecting treatment of prizes in British waters, and statement of number and tonnage of American vessels sold to British subjects in 1863. 364 Mr. Burnley to Mr. Seward. Sept. 9 Orders in council regulating anchorage of vessels of war of United States, and of insurgents in harbor of Halifax. 365 Do Sept. 23 Incloses order of British government prohibiting sale or dismantling of United States or insurgent vessels in English ports. 366 1865. 1310 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. 1865. Mar. 20 Departure of Lord Lyons and appointment of Sir Frederick Bruce. Though spirit which animates intercourse with Great Britain is friendly, the United States cannot defer claiming removal of European regulations which deny safety to mercantile marine upon the ocean and reciprocity for our navy in European waters. 366 1350 Mr. F. W. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 12 Incloses proclamations: 1. Closing certain southern ports as ports of entry. 2. Opening Key West to commerce. 3. Refusing privileges in United States ports to those vessels of foreign governments which deny similar privileges to vessels of United States in their ports. 367 1404 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. May 16 Incloses President's proclamation in regard to insurgent cruisers. 370 962 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. May 19 Incloses correspondence between Earl Russell and lord's commissioners of the admiralty in regard to desired revocation of order of January, 1862, regulating visits of United States ships of war to British ports. 370 0042 XXXVI 973 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. June 2 Has communicated to Lord Russell proclamation of President of May 10, 1865, in regard to the reception by insurgent vessels of hospitalities in foreign ports, and has received Lord Russell's reply. 371 977 do June 2 Lord Russell says that Great Britain does not mean to be impatient about restoration of commerce in ports that United States had right to close, and that insurgent vessels now upon the sea would not be admitted in British ports. 373 Cir. Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 7 Admiral Goldsborough is instructed not to enter any foreign port unless necessary, where belligerent rights are extended to rebels and naval honors withheld from United States flag. 374 990 Mr. Adams to Mr. Hunter. June 15 Incloses debate in House of Lords on President's proclamation closing ports in Texas. Though United States ceases to carry on war, it does not debar itself from the right to pursue on the ocean vessels without national character. 375 1454 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 19 Incloses copy of correspondence with Sir Frederick Bruce, and of letter to Secretary of Navy, on subject of withdrawal of concession of belligerent rights to insurgents. 375 1473 do July 3 Incloses letter of Secretary of Navy to Rear-Admiral Goldsborough in regard to effect upon naval intercourse of the withdrawal by Great Britain of concession to insurgents of belligerent rights. 380 1485 do July 25 Expresses hope that Mr. Adams has been guided by instruction which refers to disposition to be made of a certain class of vessels found in British ports. 381 1491 do July 25 Incloses correspondence with Sir Frederick Bruce in regard to Earl Russell's extension of twenty-four-hour rule to insurgent vessels to be found in British ports upon termination of insurgent belligerency. 381 1495 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. July 28 Disposition of the Rappahannock suggests that England adopt the course of Spain. 383 Mr. Moran to Mr. Seward. July 28 Incloses information concerning case of United States vs. Prioleau in British courts. 383 1025 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 3 Incloses full report of proceedings in court of chancery in case of cotton claimed by United States. 384 1032 do Aug. 10 Has instituted proceedings for recovery of insurgent vessels in British waters. 384 1507 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 10 Views of United States as to their rights in the case of United States vs. Prioleau, the subject of interlocutory decree of Vice-Chancellor Wood. 385 1509 do Aug. 12 Secretary of Navy instructs Rear-Admiral Goldsborough, as Great Britain still adheres to twenty-four-hour rule, to avoid English ports, and decline to exchange naval courtesies with British vessels of war. 386 0043 XXXVII PROPOSITIONS FOR MEDIATION AND INTERVENTION. No. From whom and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1865 1066 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 14 Incloses information that all restrictions on vessels of war of United States are removed in British ports, and that Admiral Denman has been requested to capture Shenandoah. 386 Sir F. Bruce to Mr. Seward. Oct. 30 All restrictive measures have been removed from United States vessels in British waters. 387 1572 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 31 As Great Britain has removed all restrictions upon vessels of United States in British waters, the Secretary of the Navy has been requested to rescind instructions to naval officers to discriminate in regard to their visits in British ports. 388 Mr. Seward to Sir F. Bruce. Oct. 31 Will express through Mr. Adams satisfaction of United States with removal of restrictions by Great Britain. 389 PROPOSITIONS FOR MEDIATION AND INTERVENTION. 1861. 333 Mr. Dallas to Mr. Seward. May 2 Postponement of Mr. Gregory's motion in House of Commons for recognition of southern confederation. 391 1 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 17 Postponement of Mr. Gregory's motion until 7th June. 391 5 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. May 22 M. Thouvenel says that Emperor felt disposed to tender his good offices to United States. 391 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 8 Incloses debate terminating Mr. Gregory's motion in the House of Commons. 392 15 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 8 Foreign intervention, aid, and sympathy for insurgents can only protract war. 392 16 do June 8 United States court will order restitution of part of cargo of Winifred, owned by British subjects. 392 13 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 8 In regard to tender of good offices by Emperor. 393 26 do July 6 Gratification with the disposition of insurgent application for recognition by French government. 394 43 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 14 Impression of insurgent emissaries that a maintenance of their struggle for three months longer will be rewarded by recognition. Active preparations for sustaining defense. 395 46 do Sept. 19 British government will wait development of pending military preparations before considering recognition. 395 125 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 14 Toleration of revolutionary emissaries in England and France. 396 136 do Nov. 30 Incidents permitted by British policy which have tendency to bring United States and England into collision. England has become source of insurgent supplies. It has improperly communicated with rebel leaders at Richmond, and insurgent vessels receive privileges in its ports. 396 0044 XXXVIII 1862 157 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 2 Incloses dispatch No. 97 to Mr. Dayton in regard to expectation, in view of the rigorous blockade, of demonstration in favor of recognition of insurgents in England and France. Mr. Dayton is requested to assure Mr. Thouvenel that the need of a blockade will not continue very long. 397 168 do Jan. 23 Will await the threatened development of purpose of portion of British people to induce their government to aid insurgents. 398 106 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 24 The manner of manufacturing sympathy in Europe for insurgents, and encouraging development of plans for interference in American affairs. 399 178 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 4 Has information that Parliament and Chambers are to be pressed into discussions designed to induce Great Britain and France to recognize insurgents. 399 112 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 7 Favorable sentiment shown in Queen's speech to Parliament, and in debate, toward United States. 400 186 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 17 Communicating details showing efficiency of blockade, and tabular statement from Mr. Shufeldt, consul general at Havana, showing nationality of vessels that have run through. 400 191 do Feb. 19 Aspect of affairs which caused apprehension of foreign intervention has changed. 403 148 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 25 Friendly sentiment toward United States fluctuates with character of news received. Suppressed sympathy. Applications for recognition. 404 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. May 16 Mr. Seward's views in regard to the continuance of the blockade, and the wishes of the United States in regard to the cotton supply; he places no confidence in report that France and England are in communication for purposes of intervening in American affairs. 404 260 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. May 28 The statement that thirty blockade runners have gathered at Nassau to await the opening of ports and the withdrawal from the ocean of pirates depredating on American commerce and seeking shelter in British ports, induces him, under direction of President, to confer, if representatives abroad shall think discreet, with friendly nations upon prospects of war and their future course in regard to it. Reasons for such a course showing condition of insurgent and prospect of Union cause. 405 160 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 12 There are important rumors prevailing that if proffered intervention of France and England should be rejected, a recognition will follow, to be succeeded by active intervention to stop the war. Inquiries in regard to definition of contraband as applied to open ports. 410 176 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 20 Has given to Lord Russell substance of Mr. Seward's No. 260. Lord Russell attaches but little importance to tender of Mr. Lindsay's motion in the House of Commons for recognition. 411 0045 XXXIX 287 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 5 Approves submission of his dispatch No. 260 to Lord Russell. Advocates of African slavery and its opponents are acting in concert to precipitate servile war. 411 168 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. July 9 Constant advance in price of cotton incites agitation of intervention by Emperor in American affairs. Unfair tone of journals under control of French government. 412 178 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 10 Increased activity of European politicians with a view to provoke intervention in American affairs, is an inducement to ask foreign governments to consider position, interests, and purposes and character of United States. Reviews the subject. 412 185 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 11 Will report new ground proposed to be taken by ministers on American question in debate on Mr. Lindsay's motion. 414 186 do July 17 Fate of Mr. Lindsay's motion for recognition of insurgent independence. 414 Mr. Mason to Earl Russell. July 17 Favorable sentiment of the confederate government in regard to the proposed mediation by England in American affairs. Quotes Lord Palmerston's statement of views of British government. 415 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 19 Sympathy in England with proposals for recognition, and expectation of final division of United States. Success of proposals for recognition of insurgent independence depends upon military movements in United States. 416 Earl Russell to Mr. Mason. July 24 Is of the opinion that any proposal to United States to recognize southern confederacy would irritate United States, and proposal to Confederate States to return to the Union would irritate the confederates. 417 Mr. Mason to Earl Russell. July 24 Reasons for recognizing independence of confederacy. 417 Do July 24 Requests an interview 418 Earl Russell to Mr. Mason. July 31 Will submit draught of reply to Mr. Mason's note of 24th to cabinet. Declines interview. 418 197 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 31 Insurgent reports of willingness of France to recognize independence of confederacy, and British sentiment in relation to same subject. 419 Mr. Mason to Earl Russell. Aug. 1 Reasons for recognition of comederate independence. 419 314 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 2 Though British nation desire dismemberment of United States, it is not believed that any practical measure of recognition will be executed by British government, and reasons therefor. 421 178 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Aug. 2 States that the report that England, France, and Russia are to offer, separately, mediation to the United States, conflicts with information from other quarters. 424 Earl Russell to Mr. Mason. Aug. 2 Reasons for conclusion that the time has not yet arrived to recognize independence of confederacy. 425 322 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 13 Disbelief of any intention on the part of France to intervene in affairs of United States. 426 1862. The United States, for forbearance upon part of foreign nations, rely upon following reasons: 1st, that the United States will not entertain any foreign mediation in domestic affairs; 2d, that no one would predict that more supplies of grain, gold, and cotton would be furnished in case of war with foreign nations than now; 3d, vigorous and successful preparations for continuing the war would not permit such an anticipation. 0046 XL Mr. Stuart to Earl Russell. Aug. 16 Has read Lord Russell's note to Mr. Seward in regard to British opinion of progress of war. 427 Cir. Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 18 Reasons for inadmissibility of foreign intervention in affairs of United States. 427 208 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 22 In regard to the method adopted by Lord Russell to notice reasons assigned by Mr. Seward in No. 260 for revocation of belligerent rights and change of policy towards United States. It is reported that change was under consideration, but failure of attack on Richmond caused its rejection in British cabinet. Incloses Lord Russell's note to Mr. Stuart. 431 211 do Aug. 29 The idea of intervention loses strength in England. 433 189 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Sept. 3 Improbability of interference by Emperor in affairs of United States. 433 336 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 8 Comments upon extraordinary manner Lord Russell adopted to notice appeal contained in instruction No. 260, in regard to future course of foreign nations towards United States. 434 338 do Sept. 9 Incloses No. 207 to Mr. Dayton in regard to conversation in which Mr. Seward denies Mr. Mercier's affirmation that events seem to indicate that Union must be divided into two confederacies. Mutual assurances concerning acceptability of Mr. Dayton as medium of diplomatic intercourse with France. Mr. Seward instructs Mr. Dayton to converse with Mr. Thouvenel in regard to Mr. Mercier's statements. 435 229 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 3 Effect of victory at Antietam upon public sentiment in England. Is of the opinion that sympathies of majority of poorer classes in England are with the Union. 438 234 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Oct. 8 Appreciates Mr. Thouvenel's candor. Moderation does not affect sentiments of insurgents who are bent upon reducing the country to complete chaos. Undoubted capacity of United States to conquer, and evident weakness of the society of the Gulf States. 439 368 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 10 Mr. Dayton's conversation with Mr. Thouvenel indicates harmony in despondency between Mr. Mercier and himself, but no unfriendliness. Proposed consideration by French government of American question. Encouraging prospect for United States. Neither foreign war nor failure to maintain the Union is apprehended by United States. 440 0047 XLI 208 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Oct. 14 Reception of President's proclamation abolishing slavery, and its probable effect upon public in Europe. 441 372 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 18 Desponding situation in insurgent States. Though the President never would recognize relations of friendship with any power which shall lend its aid to foreign intervention, he is confident that they now could not endanger the Union. 441 376 do Oct. 21 Incloses copy of following dispatch No. 237. 442 237 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Oct. 20 Has information that Great Britain and France are to consider question of recognition of insurgents as sovereign state. Reasons for considering such recognition unnecessary and unfriendly. 442 248 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 24 Lord Russell says that Mr. Gladstone's speech was not meant to indicate any change in the neutral policy England had adopted in regard to American war. Mr. Adams received same assurances from Russian ambassador, but is of opinion that a victory in Virginia can alone check current of public sentiment. 446 250 do Oct. 28 Incloses extract from Globe in regard to departure of Lord Lyons for America, and the probability that no interference in American affairs will be attempted. 448 387 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams Nov. 4 Trusts in capacity of United States to undeceive those who desire a collision in regard to domestic insurrection. 450 389 do Nov. 4 Review of European sentiment concerning foreign intervention in American war. 450 220 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Nov. 6 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys says that intention of French government was comprised in wish to be useful if acceptable to both parties. 451 392 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 10 Expresses satisfaction that the expectation of the insurgents, incited by Gladstone's speech, that Great Britain would give them aid has proved unfounded. Reviews situation. 452 259 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 13 Publication of correspondence of France with England and Russia, proposing intervention in American affairs, and speculations thereon. 453 261 do Nov. 15 Decisive answer of Lord Russell in reply to French note tendering good offices to United States. Russian reply. 454 Earl Russell to Earl Cowley. Nov. 13 In reply to the statement that circumstances attending prosecution of the war warrant the Emperor of the French in believing that time has arrived for maritime powers to offer their good offices to belligerents in America for suspension of hostilities, Lord Russell says that there is no ground, at present, to hope that the federal government would accept the proposal suggested. 455 227 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Nov. 18 Incloses his note to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys calling attention to errors in regard to American military situation in published communication to French ambassadors in England and Russia, inviting intervention in America. 457 0048 XLII 264 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 21 Informs Lord Russell of his conviction of the uncertainty of the Emperor's disposition towards United States, and his confidence in the policy of the British ministry to the extent it had been declared. Lord Russell refers to rumors concerning opinion in the United States in regard to the proposed intervention and to the Emperor's reception of Mr. Slidell. 461 231 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Nov. 25 Incloses Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys's note of Nov. 23 in regard to the Emperor's offer of mediation, and determination in view of its failure to cease from a further pressure, but France will be always willing, either singly or in concert with other powers, to aid in bringing about a reconciliation between belligerents in United States. 462 261 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Nov. 28 States that Mr. Mercier has not had the least warrant from authority of United States for representing that President would entertain any proposition in regard to action of United States in its domestic affairs. 463 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Nov. 28 Receipt of correspondence in regard to French invitation to intervene in American affairs. Unanimity of public press in repudiating foreign intervention. 464 414 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 30 In regard to receipt of invitation of France to European maritime powers to intervene in American affairs. Incloses No. 263 to Mr. Dayton or subject. 464 263 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Nov. 30 Opinion entertained by United States of the Emperor's invitation to England and France to offer their mediation in American affairs. Its failure removes necessity for discussing propriety or necessity of the proceeding. 464 Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Dec. 2 Mr. Seward has informed him, though United States is not called upon to give any opinion on subject of French proposition for mediation, that if any European powers desire to offer any explanations the United States will respectfully receive them. 466 265 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Dec. 5 As course of President in regard to the late French proposition has been indicated, necessity for a review of Mr. Dayton's note to Mr. Dronyn de Lhuys is removed. 466 418 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Dec. 8 Popular judgment in United States ascribes invitation of Emperor to England and Russia, to mediate in American affairs, to hostile and aggressive designs. President, not accepting this opinion, deems the proceeding based upon erroneous assumption in regard to military and naval condition of United States. Determination of people and Congress to hold country in defense against foreign intervention has been intensified. 466 271 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 11 Exertions of insurgents in England are rewarded by cotton loan, and strong political interest in their favor. 467 0049 XLIII 268 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Dec. 11 Directs Mr. Dayton to communicate satisfaction of President with frank explanation of Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys, in reply to Mr. Dayton's note upon subject of tender of good offices to procure cessation of hostilities in America. 468 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Dec. 19 Instructs him to communicate to Mr. Seward that distress in Lancashire for cotton will furnish him with reasons enough for discussion of American question in Europe. 469 246 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Dec. 23 Reasons for communicating to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys statement of military condition of United States, without instructions. 469 278 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Dec. 29 Relations between United States and France. Their delicate nature, and liability to interruption by attempt of France to dictate to United States, grounded on supposed sympathy of certain local party with France. 470 1863. Lord Lyons to Earl Russell. Jan. 7 Has informed Mr. Seward, in reply to his remark that European powers were discussing American affairs without consulting United States, that distress in Lancashire was reason enough for the discussion. 470 283 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Jan. 9 Approving Mr. Dayton's note to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys of November 16, 1862. 471 255 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Jan. 15 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys will direct Mr. Mercier to suggest to United States appointment of commissioners to treat with South for Union and peace. Statement of terms of proposition. 471 M. Drouyn de Lhuys to M. Mercier. Jan. 9 Reasons for suggesting informal conference with authorities that represent the South for the purpose of restoring peace, and directing that such proposition be made to United States. 471 465 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 2 Public concern in regard to supposed benevolent idea of French mediation in American affairs. 473 316 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 6 Inclosing Queen's speech on opening of Parliament. 474 297 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Feb. 6 Mr. Mercier has communicated Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys's suggestion that United States shall hold informal conferences with authorities that represent the South. President's reasons for disapproving the plan. 474 481 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 16 Incloses copy of instruction No. 302 to Mr. Dayton. 478 302 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. Feb. 16 Has no doubt that French tender of good offices was the fruit of disloyal communications from United States. Indications of increased health in public sentiment promises strength to the government. 478 337 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 26 Effect upon public opinion in England of a reported misunderstanding between Mr. Mercier and Mr. Seward. Military success of United States would remove all insurgent sympathy, except that found in interested commercial circles. 479 277 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Feb. 26 Has communicated to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys negative answer of United States to proposal of French government for informal conferences between United States and southern authorities. 479 0050 XLIV 292 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Mar. 27 Has communicated to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys concurrent resolutions of Congress concerning foreign intervention in the existing rebellion. 480 356 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 27 Has communicated to Lord Russell resolutions of Congress in regard to foreign intervention. 480 547 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 10 In regard to satisfactory termination of results of improper advice given by citizens of United States to foreign powers in regard to propriety of foreign mediation. 481 627 do June 15 Consequences of foreign intervention 481 438 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 26 Motion of Mr. Roebuck assigned for 30th instant in House of Commons. Conference of Messrs. Lindsay and Roebuck with Emperor at Paris. 482 439 do June 26 Baron Gros has said that Emperor will renew proposition for recognition to British government, and if declined, will proceed alone. 482 441 do July 1 Incloses debate in House of Commons on motion made by Mr. Roebuck and the implication of the Emperor of the French. 483 323 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. July 2 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys says that Emperor did not authorize Mr. Roebuck's statement in House of Commons concerning willingness of France to recognize insurgents, and that no official communication upon the subject had passed between the English and French governments. 483 446 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 3 Effect of Mr. Roebuck's statement upon his political standing. The growing disposition in Great Britain to take action in favor of rebels is stimulated by insurgent emissaries. It can only be counteracted by success of Union arms. 484 647 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 9 Incloses copy of 368 to Mr. Dayton 485 368 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 8 Renewal of proposition for moral action of European governments in domestic affairs of United States may be traced to insurgent emissaries. If such prove true, United States will regard action of France as unfriendly. Recent military successes of Union arms may induce Emperor to return to policy of neutrality and non-intervention. Directions for proceeding in case Emperor shall violate sovereignty of United States. 485 448 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 9 Assignment of Monday for continuance of discussion upon Mr. Roebuck's motion. Unfriendly opinion and sympathy in official circles concerning American affairs. 486 649 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 10 Inclosing instruction to Mr. Dayton in regard to French intervention in American civil war. 487 369 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 10 In regard to the remarks of Baron Gros, French embassador in London, as to the Emperor's intention to interfere in domestic affairs of United States. Mr. Dayton is requested to ask for a statement of Emperor's policy. 488 0051 XLV 650 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 11 Incloses Mr. Dayton's dispatch relative to recognition of insurgents. 489 321 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 26 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys's assurances concerning intentions of Emperor. Importance of Mexican question and impossibility of accepting Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys's statements as final concerning policy of Emperor towards United States. Incloses Mr. Renauld's communication in La France concerning visit of Mr. Slidell to Emperor and the Roebuck motion for recognition. 489 370 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 11 Receives information removing anxieties concerning foreign intervention. 490 452 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 16 Incloses debate on Mr. Roebuck's motion in Parliament. 491 374 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 17 In regard to Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys's observations concerning reported conversation between the Emperor and Messrs. Roebuck and Lindsay. Incloses published correction of the report that British government had violated confidence in regard to French proposition for mediation. 491 656 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 18 Defers consideration of Roebuck motion until the answer of Great Britain is made to Mr. Roebuck's proposition. 492 329 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. July 30 Communicates result of conversation with Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys in regard to Baron Gros's statement, and to policy of Emperor upon subject of intervention in American affairs. 493 333 do Aug. 5 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys is not aware that British government have betrayed confidence in the manner indicated by Mr. Roebuck. Has received Mr. Seward's correction. 494 676 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 10 Animosity against United States in England, and its probable consequences. 495 334 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Aug. 20 Conversation with Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys in regard to the Roebuck-Lindsay conference with the Emperor. 496 483 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 27 Incloses note to Lord Russell covering dispatch to Mr. Dayton in regard to the impropriety at the present juncture of affairs of extending aid to the rebels. 497 380 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 29 Comments upon the Emperor's views of civil war in United States as expressed in the explanatory statement, published in the Moniteur, of the conversation with Messrs. Roebuck and Lindsay. 497 487 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 3 Incloses Lord Russell's reply to Mr. Adams in regard to impropriety at present time of permitting encouragement of civil war in America. 498 Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys to Mr. Mercier. Sept. 15 Relates substance of conversation with Mr. Dayton, in which he states that France had not recognized the South, nor signed with it any treaty for the cession of Louisiana and Texas; and that France neither sought for herself, nor for any other power, accessions in America. 499 733 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 9 Influence of insurgent intrigues upon stability of European policies in regard to United States. 500 0052 XLVI 1864. 816 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 15 Declaration that war in America and peace in Europe are guarantees of British security, and that close of war will be followed by preposterous demands by United States upon Great Britain. British policy has fostered insurgent intrigue, and that change of policy is necessary to prevent alienation and insure success of President's views. 501 823 do Feb. 1 United States cannot now accept intervention on part of Great Britain to obtain concessions for insurgents. 503 853 do Feb. 24 In regard to the Queen's speech and the debate thereon. 503 705 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. June 2 Management of Mr. Lindsay's motion for recognition. 504 725 do June 23 Disposition of Mr. Lindsay's motion for recognition. 504 1012 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 27 Transmitting correspondence with Mr. Dayton relative to renewed effort between England and France to restore peace in United States. 504 486 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. June 10 Relative to suggestions for another effort between England and France to restore peace in United States. 505 592 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. June 27 Does not credit reports of a renewed effort by England and France to restore peace in United States. 505 744 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 14 Intention of Mr. Lindsay to resuscitate in the Commons his motion for recognition. 506 751 do July 21 Condition of public sentiment in England concerning American affairs, and elaborate movement to concentrate opinion in favor of intervention in civil war. Fate of insurgent intrigues in England. 506 1049 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 28 Comments upon parliamentary debate on resolution for ministerial censure so far as it bears upon the situation in the United States. Contrasts the conduct of the British Parliament with that of the United States during the war. 507 753 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 28 Fate of Mr. Lindsay's resuscitated motion. Incloses debate on the subject. 509 1058 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 1 Incloses copy of instruction to Mr. Dayton relative to report of new design of Emperor to propose mediation in civil war. 510 621 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. July 30 Foreign mediation in affairs of United States cannot be admitted. 510 1063 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 8 Acknowledges history of efforts of insurgents to procure from England recognition of their confederacy. 510 1865. 1245 do Jan. 23 Insurgents' hope of recognition based upon idea that rebels in late presidential election were prevented exercise of suffrage, therefore the next administration will not be de jure government over the States which by treaty of peace 1783 were acknowledged free, independent States. Incloses article from Richmond Sentinel. 511 0053 XLVII 1861. 30 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 28 Inclosing advertisements which indicate deliberate purpose to disregard blockade, and requesting that complaint may be made if there is any infringement of British neutrality act. 517 53 do Aug. 1 J. D. Bullock's contract in Europe for ten iron steamers. 517 35 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 30 British government has disclaimed power to prevent departure of Bermuda. 518 85 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 10 If British government has power to prevent exportation of contraband, request that colonial authorities may prevent Mr. Adderly, of Nassau, New Providence, from carrying out contract for shipment of arms to insurgents. 518 86 do Sept. 11 Inefficiency of British law to prevent exportation of contraband to insurgents will oblige United States to exercise vigilance in detecting unlawful character of British vessels approaching blockaded coast. 519 89 do Sept. 14 Information of designs of insurgent emissaries in Great Britain enables authorities here to practice vigilance. 519 97 do Sept. 25 Rapid increase of naval force will permit vigorous demonstrations on coast, which are expected to defeat the enterprises of the insurgents. 519 53 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 4 Incloses copies of two notes to Lord Russell in regard to violation of British neutrality in West India Islands. Consignment to Mr. Adderly, by insurgent order, arms and powder for confederacy. 520 136 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 30 Hospitalities extended to insurgent vessels in British ports which do not interfere with Queen's proclamation of neutrality, but which are denied by every other civilized State. 521 1862. 105 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 24 Revocation of orders prohibiting exportation of arms and ammunition of war. Refuge of insurgent privateers in British ports. 521 109 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. Jan. 27 Conversation with Mr. Thouvenel in regard to the settlement of the rights of neutrals on a liberal basis, and the continuance of the blockade on the southern coast. 522 182 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 13 British reasons for British of neutrality and attitude of British courts in permitting the Bermuda to be fitted out with arms and munitions to be employed by insurgents in their attempts to overthrow United States. 523 184 do Feb. 14 Incloses communication from United States consul general at Havana in regard to the conduct of the master of the English steamer General Miramon. 524 Mr. Seward to Lord Lyons. Feb. 21 Opinion of the President in regard to the difference of Lord Russell from some of the conclusions presented in the note of the 26th of December upon the Trent affair. 524 0054 XLVIII 131 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 13 Incloses his note to Lord Russell in regard to the conduct of the master of the General Miramon, and showing that outside rebel lines nearly all the active sympathy and assistance came from subjects of Great Britain. Lord Russel's reply is also inclosed. 525 135 do Mar. 27 In regard to the activity of British subjects to set aside the blockade, and arming vessels to engage in insurgent service. Does not consider it a proper time for a pressure for retraction of proclamation according belligerent rights to insurgents. Incloses copy of note to Lord Russell in regard to the preparation of the Oreto for the insurgent service, and to British encouragement of their cause. 529 140 do April 3 Still adheres to opinion that proper time for application for revocation of proclamation according belligerent rights to insurgents has not arrived. Incloses Lord Russell's note on the gunboat Oreto, and the agency of British subjects in supplying aid to the rebels. 532 225 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 4 In regard to the fitting out of vessels of war in England for service of insurgents. Report that Captain Bullock will bring two iron-clads from England for insurgent service. 533 238 do April 26 Regrets that British government will not arrest proceedings of parties engaged in supplying insurgents with material of war. 534 164 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 22 Incloses Lord Russell's note in reply to his application for revocation of proclamation according belligerent rights to insurgents, and relates substance of subsequent interview on same subject. 535 266 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 2 The revelation of insurgent military condition, and of their abuse of European neutrality, afforded by the appended report of Caleb Huse. 537 187 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. July 17 Inclosing correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to United States vessel Tuscarora, lying in Southampton for repairs. 540 323 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 13 Approves action in case of Oreto, and in regard to perversion of neutral privileges of Island of Nassan. Without English sympathy insurrection would die. British hostility towards United States can only be accounted for on ground of unnecessary jealousy. 541 Mr. Stuart to Earl Russell. Aug. 16 Has received from Mr. Seward assurance that the issue of letters of marque is for the present suspended. 542 336 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 8 Rumors in regard to the preparation of a navy for insurgents in British waters. Construction of navy in the United States to counteract its influence. 542 340 do Sept. 13 Incloses intercepted letter addressed by S. R. Mallory, confederate secretary of navy, to James H. North, in regard to Oreto, Alabama, and the Florida, fitted out in England for the insurgents. Requests its communication to Lord Russell. 543 0055 XLIX 237 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Oct. 10 Mr. Gladstone's betrayal of his consciousness of the existence of plan for preparation of insurgent navy in England. Importance of the acknowledgment in connection with the position of Great Britain. 543 242 do Oct. 16 There is no disposition in England to apply powers of government to investigation of circumstances complained of in relation to the vessel 290. 544 244 do Oct. 23 Incloses Lord Russell's note of October 16th admitting that though foreign enlistment act or any other act can be evaded by subtle contrivances, the English government cannot go beyond letter of existing law. 544 378 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 25 Approves Mr. Adams's protest addressed to Lord Russell on subject of fitting out insurgent vessels in British ports. 545 427 do Dec. 15 Incloses copy of official correspondence relative to bark Maury, vessel supposed by Mr. Crampton to be intended to cruise against British commerce during Crimean war. 545 435 do Dec. 29 Reasons for continued ill feeling in America against Great Britain. 546 1863. 454 do Jan. 19 Incloses copies of intercepted treasonable correspondence of insurgents at Richmond with their agents abroad in regard to insurgent naval preparations in Great Britain, and exhibiting condition of their affairs and intrigues in Europe. 546 462 do Jan. 30 Incloses communication from Secretary of Navy in regard to transmission by British and Spanish vessels of war of insurgent gold through blockaded ports of South to insurgent emissaries in England. 561 322 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 13 Incloses note to Lord Russell transmitting intercepted correspondence between insurgent officials in the United States and insurgent emissaries in Europe in regard to utilization of English neutrality; to arrangements for establishing the credit of the confederacy by the negotiation in English market of a loan to be paid by cotton consigned to commercial house in England and run through the blockade, and to incipient intrigue fostered by France for the establishment of Texan independence. 562 Earl Russell to Mr. Adams. Feb. 12 Acknowledges receipt of intercepted correspondence of confederate State, Treasury, and Navy departments, communicated by Mr. Adams. 576 505 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 9 The destruction of the Jacob Bell by the Florida is regarded as indicating ruin of national navigation, unless it can be prevented either by enforcement of British neutrality or by the employment of force under commission of marque and reprisal. 576 0056 L 349 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 13 Incloses note from Lord Russell, stating that the British government do not find any sufficient evidence in intercepted insurgent correspondence submitted, of system of action in direct hostility to United States on part of English subjects. 577 352 do Mar. 19 Incloses note to Lord Russell in regard to the allegation that the evidence contained in intercepted correspondence is incomplete as to active hostility of British subjects towards United States. Refers to the unfriendly interpretation to be placed upon the presence of an established agent in Great Britain for the construction of six iron-clad steamers, to be used in warring upon United States, and presence of financial agent to negotiate loans to sustain credit of insurgents. 579 356 do Mar. 27 Conversation with Earl Russell in regard to disposition and ability of the British government to prevent insurgents from using English territory as base for development of their plots. Lord Russell regrets the departure of the two privateers from British waters as a misfortune rather than a fault. Mr. Adams has communicated resolutions of Congress in regard to intervention, and suggests the prosecution of the parties in Liverpool known to have been connected with outfit of gunboats. 580 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Mar. 27 In regard to conversation with Mr. Adams upon the departure of the Oreto and Alabama from British ports, and the general subject of alleged insurgent violation of British neutrality. 584 359 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 28 Debate in House of Commons in regard to American affairs. 586 538 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 2 President regrets that British government declines to interfere to arrest proceedings of British subjects who are violating Queen's neutrality within the exclusive jurisdiction of Great Britain. Instructs Mr. Adams to enforce enlistment laws through courts. 586 540 do April 7 Uneasiness in United States arising through toleration of hostile naval preparations in Great Britain, and pressure for letters of marque and reprisal to insure success of naval operations against insurgents. 587 297 Mr. Dayton to Mr. Seward. April 9 Conversation with Mr. Drouyn de Lhuys, in which he inquires concerning American action in reference to letters of marque, and to the consideration of the subject in English Parliament. 587 369 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 9 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to the intercepted insurgent dispatches, who states that the British government will endeavor to discover and obtain legal evidence of violation of the enlistment act, with a view to its strict enforcement. 589 0057 LI 370 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 9 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to the preparation at Liverpool of vessels for carrying on hostilities at sea against the United States. 593 545 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 10 Authorizes him to arrest, by judicial proceedings, the departure of hostile vessels from ports of Great Britain. The negotiation of insurgent loan in London is regarded by people of United States as tending to complicate relations between the two countries, so as to render it difficult to preserve friendship between them. 593 546 do April 10 In regard to the proper time for remonstrating against seeming toleration by British government of hostilities of its subjects against United States. 595 548 do April 13 Acknowledges receipt of dispatches, and says United States, under difficulties, unable in a friendly country to put into activity laws and proclamations designed to prevent aggressions by British subjects upon American commerce, appeal to England to enforce those laws. England avows her willingness to enforce laws, provided she is furnished with evidence that would lead to conviction of offenders. 595 552 do April 15 Incloses telegram from San Francisco collector of customs, relative to insurgent conspiracies in Vancouver. 596 386 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 23 Incloses note from Lord Russell, denying application of quotations from United States judicial decisions to occurrences in British dominion. 597 566 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 24 Approving his correspondence with Lord Russell concerning intercepted insurgent dispatches. 597 336 Mr. Seward to Mr. Dayton. April 24 Intentions of President in regard to the issue of letters of marque, and his opinion of French neutrality. 597 400 Mr. Adams to Mr. Mr. Seward. May 1 Incloses note to Lord Russell, stating that negotiation of insurgent cotton loan in London will terminate concessions of every form that have been made to alleviate rigors of blockade in regard to shipment of cotton. 598 409 do May 8 Incloses Lord Russell's reply to note in regard to effect of cotton loan in conduct of United States as to amelioration of the blockade. 599 588 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. May 9 United States will not fail to do justice to good disposition which British government is manifesting to repress equipment of hostile vessels in British ports. 600 590 do May 9 Approving correspondence in regard to intercepted insurgent dispatches. 600 Lamport & Holt and others to Earl Russell. June 9 Memorial from ship-owners of Liverpool to the British secretary of state for foreign affairs, requesting, in view of the situation which permits a foreign belligerent to send to sea from British ports vessels of war in contravention of the provisions of existing law, an amendment to the foreign enlistment act. 601 0058 LII E. Hammond to Lamport and Holt, and others. July 6 States that, in opinion of Lord Russel, foreign enlistment act is effectual for all reasonable purposes. 602 663 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 24 It is hoped, in view of some changes in military situation of United States, that British government will not be indifferent to transactions tending so strongly towards alienation and war. 602 480 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 21 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in in regard to the prohibition against repacking gunpowder at Belize, British Honduras, enforced by Governor Seymour. 603 689 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 2 Requests that thanks be communicated to Rear Admiral Sir Lewis T. Jones for his efforts to prevent embarkation of rebel crew and officers on vessel supposed to have been “Southerner,” at Queenstown. 604 691 do Sept. 2 Reviews menacing character of European situation towards United States, and requesting Mr. Adams to ascertain whether there is any evidences of disposition in British governing circles to maintain amicable and cordial relations with the United States. 604 499 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 17 Incloses reply of Lord Russell in regard to the communication of thanks to Governor Seymour of Honduras. 605 740 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 24 Probable effect of Lord Russell's speech at Blairgowrie on opinion in the United States. Review of instances which cause irritation between United States and England. 606 756 do Nov. 9 If Great Britain shall cease to permit the issue of insurgent privateers from her ports, and shall revoke her recognition of insurgent belligerency, United States will endeavor to countervail among its citizens the effect of British hostile declamation; but United States are not disposed to submit to what they have declared would be intolerable injuries from any foreign power. 607 761 do Nov. 16 Incloses correspondence of Mr. Marcy in regard to the expectations of England and France concerning the equipment of privateers in the United States. 607 1864. 586 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 28 Reply to Lord Russell in regard to the naturalization on insurgent vessels at sea of British subjects as confederate citizens. 608 608 do Mar. 3 In regard to the alleged improper voyage of the Will-o'-the-wisp. 608 802 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 6 Case of the Rappahannock, and the general subject of insurgent violation of British neutrality and the modes of prevention adopted by British government. 609 917 do April 22 Announces proceedings inspired by dismissal by law lords of appeal in case of Alexandra. Reviews situation at home and abroad. 610 0059 LIII 919 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 23 President expects Mr. Adams to remonstrate with Lord Russell upon organization of a joint stock company to carry supplies from British ports to the insurgents, under contract with insurgent cabal at Richmond. 612 684 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. May 12 Trial of iron-clads is postponed, on application of Mr. Bravay, until 6th of June. Part of crew of ship Avon have been landed at Plymouth. Florida at St. Nazaire. Concentration of insurgent naval force in England. 612 1018 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 2 Requests Mr. Adams to communicate to Lord Russell that the whole of the British West India Islands are practically used by insurgents as base for hostile operations. Complaint of Great Britain that United States vessels have violated neutrality regulations of British government in Bahama Islands. 613 1865. 854 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 12 Incloses letter in London Times, by Historicus, in regard to the operations of insurgents in English territory, and the application of international law to their captures at sea. 613 1256 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 30 The letter of Historicus and the claim of the insurgents to unusual interpretation of international law in favor of their captures at sea. Incloses dispatches of Mr. Slidell to Mr. Benjamin in regard to negotiation with English and French governments to assent to their wishes concerning captures at sea of neutral property. 614 1864. J. P. Benjamin's instructions to insurgent cruisers. Published in Index of Dec. 29, 1864. Rebel minute of instruction relative to their cruisers. 621 1865. 877 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 15 Important friendly communication from Lord Russell will come in next mail. 625 Earl Russell to Mr. Burnley. Feb. 15 Informs Mr. Burnley that he trusts that orders sent to governor general in Canada will convince United States that everything that can will be done to prevent carrying on hostilities against United States from Canadian territory or waters, and that he has addressed a letter to the confederate government on the subject of their use of British soil as base for hostile expeditions against United States. 625 879 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 16 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to responsibility for outfits by individuals of vessels for account of rebels. Has received from him assurances of friendly action of Canadian government, and a letter which is to be delivered to insurgent government, reviewing the conduct of their agents, and requesting them to desist from using British soil as base for hostile operations. Mr. Adams is convinced that nothing but grossest mismanagement on part of United States would effect any change in established policy of Great Britain towards United States. Popular apprehensions of what is to follow conquest of insurgents by United States. 626 0060 LIV Earl Russell to Mr. Adams. Feb. 15 Inclosing his letter to Messrs. Mason, Slidell, and Mann, referred to in previous dispatch No. 879, as one to be delivered to insurgent government. 630 Earl Russell to Mason, Slidell, and Mann. Feb. 13 Complaints of the violation of British neutrality by insurgent government. (Inclosed with Mr. Adams's 879.) 630 884 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 23 Conversation with Lord Russell in regard to proposition of rebels to make, upon quarter-deck of their privateers, a prize court to adjudicate prizes and neutral property. If England and France assent to this proposition, United States will claim similar rights in regard to neutral property. 632 1282 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 1 Policy of President is not one of conquest or retaliation. Relations between England and United States are not improved by conduct of Great Britain in permitting insurgent schemes to find development on British soil. Incloses telegram from United States consul at Halifax, in regard to iron-clad fleet under Captain Moffat, from French and English ports, to attack New York; proceedings indicated, which, if adopted by Great Britain, would be generous and just. 633 1294 do Mar. 9 In regard to Mr. Adams's conversation with Lord Russell relative to aggressions coming from British provinces and ports, and to the transmission of British official copy of note addressed to Messrs. Slidell, Mason, and Mann, to General Lee, commanding insurgent forces. Incloses copy of letter to Secretary of War upon the subject. 635 1311 do Mar. 20 Incloses correspondence with War Department in regard to transmission of British letter to Messrs. Slidell, Mason, and Mann through military lines. 637 903 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 23 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to the termination of the Canadian reciprocity treaty. 638 1325 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 27 Incloses correspondence with War Department in regard to refusal of General Lee to receive copy of communication addressed by British government to Messrs. Mason, Slidell, and Mann. 639 916 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 6 Lord Russell is too unwell to grant interview; has left dispatches 1294, 1309, 1311, and 1315 with him. 641 922 do April 12 Conversation with Lord Russell in regard to outfits and other operations of the rebels; has sent notice to Mr. Perry, at Madrid, concerning J. P. Hall and the steamer Kearsarge. 641 0061 LV 1865. 931 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 20 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to refusal of insurgent General Lee to receive copy of communication addressed to Messrs. Mason, Slidell, and Mann. 642 938 do April 28 Incloses Lord Russell's note in regard to the investigation of the character of two vessels, the Virginia and Louisa Ann Fanny, at the Bermudas. 643 1520 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Aug. 22. Incloses correspondence between Sir Frederick Bruce and State Department, in regard to the withdrawal of the notice abrogating the agreement contained in the convention of 1817, limiting the naval armament on the lakes. 644 1866. 1137 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 25 Incloses circular from Lord Clarendon requesting information concerning the construction of vessels for foreign governments in the private ship-yards of England, and his acknowledgment thereof. 647 1687 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 17 Incloses letter from Secretary of Navy stating that United States has had no vessel building within British dominions since 1861. 648 60 Mr. Dudley to Mr. Seward. 1862. May 3 In regard to the purchase of thirty steamers in England, for the purpose of making combined attack upon United States. The Semaphore and Memphis are among the number. 648 61 do May 7 Has communicated information concerning purchase of thirty steamers, to Mr. Adams and to Mr. Morse. Gives list of those that have sailed, and those that are building in England. 649 164 do Nov. 21 England is main dependence of rebels for arms, ammunition, and all kinds of clothing for their army. Gives list and locations of blockade runners. 650 185 do Dec. 30 Detailed information concerning Laird's rams, other steamers, the Glasgow ram, the steamer at Stockton, Miller's gunboat, and two at London. 651 1863. 131 do Aug. 15 Is persuaded that if it had not been for the aid and assistance the insurgents received from England, rebellion would not have assumed its present proportions. 654 135 do Aug. 24 Description of vessels building for insurgents in Thomson's yard, at Glasgow. Insurgent credit in England based upon their cotton; policy of destroying it recommended. Vessels building and afloat for use of insurgents. 654 1864. 224 do Feb. 5 Petition of Liverpool merchants, asking British government to recognize southern confederacy. Incloses slip relating doings of Alabama. 657 298 do June 15 Incloses instructions to governors of colonies in regard to belligerent cruisers and their prizes. 657 0062 LVI AMENDMENT OF LAWS. No. From whom and to whom. Date. Subject. Page. 1864. 377 Mr. Dudley to Mr. Seward. Nov. 4 In regard to indisposition of English government to prevent sailing of insurgent vessels from Liverpool. Insurgents in future will probably purchase vessels that are already built, and send them out with armament stored as merchandise. Probable course of Leon Smith. 658 AMENDMENT OF LAWS. 1861. 83 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 7 Refers to the passage of a law in 1838, by United States, which prevented intervention against government of Great Britain by American citizens, and submits propriety of adoption of similar measure in Great Britain at present juncture. 659 85 do Sept. 10 Incloses intercepted letter from John P. Baldwin to Henry Adderly, relative to shipment of arms and powder for the use of the insurgents, from Nassau. The United States expect special legislation by British government to cover such cases, of the character of the act of Congress of 1838. 660 79 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 29 Incloses Lord Russell's note stating that if necessary to preserve neutrality, her Majesty will be advised to adopt further measures. 660 1862. 160 do May 15 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to escape of the Emily St. Pierre, through absence of legal authority of British government to punish her offense. Interpretation of Queen's neutrality proclamation induces United States to believe that such authority exists in British statute. Earl Russell replies that blockade runners, laden with contraband, do not come within the province of foreign enlistment act, and that it devolves upon the United States to capture them. Mr. Adam's rejoinder on same subject. 661 Earl Russell to Mr. Adams. June 12 Offenses which are within provisions of foreign enlistment act. 665 381 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 25 Incloses papers from minister at Lisbon, in regard to depredations of insurgent vessels dispatched from British ports, upon American commerce, near island of Flores. 665 383 do Oct. 27 Incloses resolutions of chamber of commerce in regard to destruction at sea of American vessels, near Azores, by insurgents. 665 Mr. Adams to Earl Russell. Nov. 20 Solicits redress for national and private injury sustained by United States and more effective prevention of repetition of such lawless proceedings in English ports. 666 281 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward Dec. 25 Incloses Lord Russell's note of 19th. suggesting amendment to foreign enlistment act of both countries with a view to an increased efficiency. 666 0063 LVII 1863. 454 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 19 Directs conference with Lord Russell in regard to suggested amendments to enlistment acts of both countries. Incloses intercepted treasonable correspondence, and directs him to employ them so as to induce British government to enforce existing laws. 667 321 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 13 Lord Russell states that lord chancellor having considered that their foreign enlistment act was sufficiently effective, no change it seemed could be made. 668 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Feb. 14 Mr. Adams has said that he was ready to hear any amendments to United States foreign enlistment act, but they considered it already satisfactory. As British cabinet has come to similar conclusion in regard to English law no further proceedings at present need be taken. 668 483 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Feb. 19 President hopes that British government will act upon Lord Russell's suggestion as to amendment of the foreign enlistment acts of the two countries. 669 493 do Mar. 2 As British government conclude that their foreign enlistment law is sufficient without amendments, the President expects that England will take measures to enforce execution of the law. 669 Earl Russell to Lord Lyons. Mar. 27 Lord Russell states that cabinet are of opinion that enlistment act is sufficient, but legal evidence could not always be procured; that British government had done everything in its power to execute the law. 670 651 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 11 President suggests for consideration of British government whether, on appeal made by them, Parliament might not think it expedient to amend existing statute so as to effect what is believed it ought to accomplish. If British law is not amended, the alternative of the United States. 670 453 do July 16 Calling attention to reply of Mr. Hammond to memorial of ship-owners of Liverpool suggesting alteration in foreign enlistment act. 671 Memorial of ship owners of Liverpool to Earl Russell. June 9 Suggesting an alteration in foreign enlistment act. 671 Mr. Hammond to Messrs. Lamport and Holt and others. July 6 Stating that in Lord Russell's opinion the enlistment act is effectual for all reasonable purposes. If provisions of act were extended, presence of proof would be necessary, because no law could or should be passed to punish upon suspicion. 673 493 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 10 Announcement of Lord Russell, in public speech, that new powers may be solicited from Parliament if present powers should prove insufficient. 673 0064 LVIII 1863 Mr. Adams to Earl Russell. Sept. 16 British government cannot justly plead inefficacy of enlistment law to enforce duties of neutrality in present emergency. 673 Earl Russell to Mr. Adams. Sept. 25 The intimation of hostile proceedings towards Great Britain by United States will not induce British cabinet either to overstep limits of the law, or propose to Parliament the adoption of any new law they may not think proper to be adopted. 674 Mr. Adams to Earl Russell. Sept. 29 Did not intimate hostile proceedings, but urged a reliance upon the law as sufficient, from the confidence expressed in it by the most eminent authority in the kingdom. 674 760 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Nov. 14 Communicates information concerning projected insurgent expeditions from Canada. Requests that Lord Russell may be asked to consider the plot in connection with threatened aggression directly from the ports of Liverpool and Glasgow. Principles which shall regulate maritime conduct of neutral states hereafter are likely to be settled by precedents which arise during present civil war. 675 552 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Dec. 10 Alludes to use made of Canadian territory by insurgents, and suggests to Lord Russell possibility of reciprocating legislation of United States in 1838. Has left printed copy of law with Lord Russell. 676 1864. 1136 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 24 Requesting serious attention of British government to the multiplying instances of insurgent use of Canadian territory as base for hostile expeditions. Motives of insurgents. Declination of reasonable request of United States in regard to improvement of British law. 676 1865. 1042 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Sept. 7 Incloses Lord Russell's note of the 30th August in regard to the adoption of a new law when the inadequacy of an old law is apparent. The existing law has not proved inadequate in cases of rams in the Mersey or Pampero in the Clyde. 677 1052 do Sept. 21 Incloses note to Lord Russell of the 18th of September, replying to Lord Russell's defence of existing British legislation as having proved adequate to preserve neutrality. Reviews Lord Russell's account of adoption of neutrality laws in United States and England. 678 Earl of Clarendon to Sir F. Bruce. Dec. 26 Conversation with Mr. Adams in regard to propriety of amendment of international law where it had been demonstrated to be necessary, and requesting that Mr. Seward may be invited to co-operate to that end. 680 1866. 1127 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 4 Incloses note to the earl of Clarendon, communicating declination by United States of British proposition for revision of English and American neutrality laws so that security might be given against those who evade them. 681 0065 LIX 1866. Earl of Clarenden to Mr. Adams. Jan. 4 Acknowledging Mr. Adams's note informing British government that United States is not inclined to assent to concurrent revision of neutrality statutes. 682 1161 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 1 Incloses his note to Earl of Clarendon in regard to statement of Sir Roundell Palmer, in House of Commons, that failure of British cabinet to improve their preventive laws was undoubtedly owing to the action of the United States. 682 1164 do Mar. 8 Incloses debate in Parliament on questions of maritime law, and correction by Sir Roundell Palmer of his statement that failure of British cabinet to improve British law was owing to action of United States. 686 1168 do Mar. 15 Incloses correspondence between himself and Earl of Clarendon in regard to Sir Roundell Palmer's statement, on the 23d of February, in the House of Commons. 687 1712 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 20 Approval of his correction of the statement of Sir Roundell Palmer. 692 Mr. Moran to Mr. Seward. Mar. 29 Incloses Lord Clarendon's note of the 24th instant, and its accompaniment from Sir Roundell Palmer relative to statements made lately in House of Commons in regard to amendment of foreign enlistment acts of Great Britain and United States. 693 8 do Oct. 13 Announcement in the Standard that Lord Derby would appoint royal commission to inquire into workings of existing neutrality law. 694 1868. 42 do June 3 Communicates reports and comments of London papers thereon, of the royal commission appointed to inquire into character and working of foreign enlistment act. 695 SUPPLIES, ETC., OF VESSELS. 1861. 42 Mr. Whiting to Mr. Seward. Dec. 10 Arrival of Isabel and Gladiator laden with arms for rebels. That coal of United States cannot be reshipped without violating neutrality laws of Great Britain. 696 43 do Dec. 10 Incloses letter from colonial secretary communicating governor's order that if United States coal is landed it shall be with understanding that it must not be reshipped. 696 44 do Dec. 12 Incloses letter of colonial secretary refusing to allow transhipment of coal from the Caleb Stetson, to the United States steamer Flambeau, in Bahama waters. 697 46 do Dec. 19 Coaling of insurgent packet Theodora allowed after refusal of similar privilege to the Flambeau, United States steamer. Colonial secretary replies that Theodora is commercial vessel, and therefore entitled to hospitalites of port. 698 0066 LX 1 Mr. Whiting to Mr. Seward. Jan. 2 Has ordered coal fleet to Key West. British brig Cecil, Master Boggs, refuses to go. Movements of rebel steamer Isabel, and British steamer Gladiator. 699 172 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 31 Requesting Earl Russell to explain proceedings in case of Flambeau. United States steamer refused permission to coal at Nassau. 700 125 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 6 Incloses note to Earl Russell, soliciting such action as will rectify error of interdicting to United States steamer Flambeau the use of coal stored at Nassau. 700 Mr. Seward to Lord Lyons. 1863. April 4 The sale of the cargo of the prize ship Hanover, captured by the insurgent vessel Retribution at Long Cay, Bahamas, and the subsequent dispatch of the Hanover, laden with salt, to an insurgent port. 701 Lord Lyons to Mr. Seward. April 7 Acknowledges receipt of note in regard to the sale of the cargo of the insurgent prize Hanover, at Long Cay, Bahamas, and promises inquiry. 701 Do June 13 Incloses communication from governor of Bahamas, in regard to sale of cargo of insurgent prize Hanover, at Long Cay. 702 Mr. Seward to Lord Lyons. June 17 Acknowledges receipt of note of 13th instant relative to insurgent prize ship Hanover. 704 Do June 24 In relation to report of Mr. T. B. Burnside to governor of Bahamas. There is doubt in mind of government of United States whether the authorities at Long Cay were ignorant that the Hanover was a prize to the Retribution. 705 Lord Lyons to Mr. Seward. June 30 Will communicate his request for further prosecution concerning knowledge by British authorities of character of Hanover when at Long Cay, Bahamas. 705 Do Nov. 2 Incloses dispatch from governor of Bahamas reporting measures taken by attorney general of colony for prosecution of Vernon Locke, a man charged with having been concerned in the fraud practiced on the authorities at Long Cay in case of Hanover. Locke has given bail in £400. 705 Mr. Seward to Lord Lyons. Nov. 10 The bail in the case of Vernon Locke seems insignificant; but United States trusts that justice of British government will be vindicated. 706 1287 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. 1865. Feb. 25 In regard to the refusal of British authorities at Nassau to permit United States vessel Honduras to enter the port. Contrasts this exclusion with the permission accorded to blockade runners and suspicious craft of insurgent origin to remain at anchor in harbor, and that these proceedings, associated with insurgent operations in Canada, will make incurable breach between England and United States. 707 0067 LXI 926 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 13 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to the refusal of the authorities at Nassau to permit the entry of United States steamer Honduras, and to the presence of the Rattlesnake, Tallahassee, suspicious craft, in the same harbor and at the same time. 708 1366 Mr. Hunter to Mr. Adams. April 24 Incloses letter of Secretary of Navy in regard to proceedings of the governor of the Bahamas in refusing to allow United States vessel of war to enter port of Abaco for purpose of removing property saved from wreck of United States steamer San Jacinto, and calling attention to want of comity exhibited by governor on that occasion. 718 BLOCKADE-RUNNING. Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1861. Nov. 1 Success of Bermuda has tempted insurgent agents to prosecution of enterprises to run blockade. Movement of arms from Hamburg, and the occupation of Birmingham and London in turning out rifles for shipment through the blockade. Presence of Semmes in England, and his purposes. 719 128 do 1862. Mar. 7 Projects of insurgents, and schemes to run the blockade. Departures of the Bermuda and the Oreto. Wants official intelligence of the captures of blockade runners. 719 207 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 11 The insurance by English companies in Liverpool of blockade runners is by implication levying war on United States. It is inconsistent with relations of friendship, and will excite in this country feelings of deep alienation. 720 132 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Mar. 20 Review of British sentiment on American question. Conflict of Great Britain with United States would transfer whole carrying trade of Great Britain into hands of neutral continental nations. It is plain that without additional provision, suggested by Mr. Marcy, English interests on the sea are in great jeopardy in time of war, and yet with admission of it control of the ocean is forever lost. Self interest being point of their policy, the adoption of declaration of Paris is a sacrifice of which they are beginning to repent. The way to make any real advance in doctrines of, international law is to inforce observation of a consistent system of policy upon any single power, whenever it may venture to set up its immediate interest as only rule of action it will abide by. 720 156 do May 8 Incloses Lord Russell's note of May 6, in the case of the steamer Labuan, stating that if United States inflicts the great injury of a blockade upon other nations, the utmost they can expect is, that European powers shall respect those acts of United States within limits of law. Mr. Adams replies that United States is embarrassed by complaints of severity of blockade by a friendly nation, which at same time confesses its inability to restrain its subjects from stimulating the resistance that necessitates continuance of the blockade. He is pained to learn that United States cannot expect that England should frame new statutes to remedy deficiency of its laws to prevent what it acknowledges on face of old statute to be evils created by its refractory subjects. Has a list of eleven steamers and ten sailing vessels to run the blockade via Nassau, and that business is reduced to a system, aided by British capital. 722 0068 LXII 281 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 26 The use of Nassau by insurgents as place of deposit of their munitions of war shipped thither from England. Release of insurgent vessel Oreto on arrival of Captain Semmes, of Sumter. Request that protest against proceeding may be made to British government. 725 205 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 7 Incloses note from Lord Russell, covering a letter from Mr. Layard to Mr. Hersfall, suggesting, in reply to a memorial from British merchants and ship-owners in Liverpool in regard to proceedings of United States cruisers off Bahamas, that Liverpool merchants should refrain from blockade running. 726 265 do Nov. 27 Outfits of vessels to run the blockade multiply. Arrival of Captain Maury and eight or nine rebel officers indicates that something warlike is to be expected. 728 286 do 1863. Jan. 1 Incloses note of 30th December to Lord Russell, in regard to British equipment of blockade runners, enlistment of British subjects in insurgent service, the occupation of Nassau as storehouse for goods awaiting transhipment to insurgent territory, the insurance of blockade runners, and the arming of insurgent vessels-of-war. Accompanies his note by list of vessels engaged in illegal commerce, from Messrs. Dudley and Morse. 728 1 Mr. Dudley to Mr. Seward. Jan. 2 List and description of blockade runners; their rendezvous; and the foreign ports en route to insurgent ports where stores are kept, awaiting opportunity to be run through blockade. 732 136 do Aug. 25 Incloses slip from Journal of Commerce, stating that confederates receive immense supplies by way of Wilmington, and that officers and crew are leaving to man insurgent vessels building in England. 733 736 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Oct. 17 Incloses letter from Secretary of Navy in regard to contract between insurgent agents for delivery of naval stores at St. George's, Bermuda, to be thence introduced into United States. Requests that Bermuda authorities may prevent the islands becoming place of deposit in violation of Queen's neutrality. 734 0069 LXIII 529 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Nov. 4 Incloses note to Lord Russell in regard to intercepted contract between insurgents concerning delivery of naval stores at St. George's, Bermuda. 735 550 do Dec. 4 Incloses reply of Lord Russell in regard to intercepted insurgent contract concerning delivery of naval stores at St. George's, Bermuda. 737 782 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Dec. 7 Requests inquiry whether Ralph Cator, alias Peterson, a blockade runner, is either an active or retired British naval officer. 738 566 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1864. Jan. 1 Incloses note to Earl Russell in relation to the conduct of Ralph Cator, alias Peterson, and Lord Russell's acknowledgment. 739 570 do Jan. 8 Incloses note from Lord Russell, in regard to employment of Ralph Cator, commander in British navy, in running blockade. 740 806 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 11 Incloses letters which show that British vessels engaged in violations of blockade are not neutral vessels, but rebel transports dispatched and sailing under British flag. He will inquire of Earl Russell, in view of this development, if that English policy needs modification. 741 810 do Jan. 12 While he admits that evidence in case of the use of Bermuda as insurgent depot is attended by uncertainty and want of directness, it is thought that England could institute precautionary measures against execution of insurgent purpose in the island so injurious to United States. Of the same class of cases does the news contained in the Morning Telegraph of St. Johns, New Brunswick, relate, and the conveyance of contraband mail to Bermuda by Lieutenant Rooke, of the British army. 741 812 do Jan. 13 Incloses extract from London Index in regard to the employment of the British flag to cover property of insurgent authorities who, in many instances, own the vessels flying that flag. 742 814 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Jan. 14 Incloses extract from dispatch of United States consul at Malta, relative to reports that British naval officers, under assumed names, are engaged in violating blockade. 744 584 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Jan. 28 Enlarges in interview with Lord Russell upon aggravated nature of violations audaciously committed by rebels against neutrality of Great Britain, and urges expediency of more positive action in advance of settlement of difficulties in America. Lord Russell states that cabinet has disapproved his suggestion to send armed vessel to confederate authorities with an officer instructed to remonstrate. 744 Mr. Adams to Earl Russell. Jan. 25 In regard to the employment of the British flag to cover insurgent ownership of blockade runners and the engagement of Lieutenant Rooke, of British army, in carrying contraband mail to Bermuda. The difficulties which grow out of the toleration of the outrageous abuses of belligerent privileges granted to the insurgents. Incloses papers found on steamers taken in violating blockade. 745 0070 LXIV 590 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Feb. 4 Incloses Lord Russell's acknowledgment of Mr. Adams's note covering papers taken in steamers engaged in running the blockade of the southern ports. 748 621 do Mar. 18 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to habitual abuse by insurgents of the belligerent privileges conceded to them by United States, and the consequent suspicion attaching to British subjects engaged in violating blockade. To the treatment as prisoners of war of British subjects found on board vessels ostensibly British, but really property of insurgents. To the charge against Lieutenant Rooke, of British army, of carrying contraband mail, and to the intentions of James Ash, and Stringer, Pembroke & Co., to build steamers for confederate belligerents. 749 901 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. April 5 States that Secretary of Navy has concluded to direct discharge of aliens captured on neutral vessels violating blockade. 753 647 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 8 Incloses acknowledgment of Earl Russell of note in relation to fraudulent use by rebels of British flag to cover their vessels and crew in running blockade. 754 663 do April 21 Correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to what appears to admit of no doubt, that every vessel engaged in blockade-running must consent to be at the service of the enemy to aid him in carrying on the war. Statement of attorney general of liability of certain persons to prosecution under the enlistment act. 754 728 do June 23 Renewal of correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to liability of British subjects captured in blockade runners to be treated by United States as enemies. 757 1026 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. July 9 Acknowledging correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to British claim to immunity for British subjects who engage in furnishing supplies of arms to insurgents in vessels owned or chartered by insurgent authorities who run the blockade under contract with them. 758 BLOCKADE RUNNING—THE BERMUDA. 31 Mr. Wilding to Mr. F. W. Seward. 1861. Aug. 16. Description of Bermuda, a screw steamer built by Fraser, Trenholm & Co. 759 27 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 16 Incloses note to Lord Russell in regard to equipment in English waters of steamer Bermuda to be employed in insurgent service, and Lord Russell's acknowledgment. 759 0071 LXV 30 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. Aug. 23 Bermuda has sailed, laden with gunpowder and stores. Incloses Lord Russell's note stating that there is not sufficient evidence to warrant interference with clearance or sailing of Bermuda. 761 35 do Aug. 30 All he can do is to apprise department in season so as to prevent supplies shipped, as on Bermuda, from reaching United States. Purchase of steamers Leopold, Princess Charlotte, and Southampton. 762 38 do Sept. 6 In regard to complicity of Fraser, Trenholm & Co. with departure of steamer Bermuda. 763 86 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Sept. 11 Regrets inefficiency of British laws to prevent violations of United States rights. The vigilance that will of necessity be exercised in detecting unlawful character of British vessels will be unpleasant to British government. 763 Mr. Adams to Earl Russell. Nov. 22 Informs Lord Russell of the arrival of the steamer Bermuda at the insurgent port of Savannah, and reflections thereon. 763 16 Mr. Dudley to Mr. Seward. 1862. Feb. 14 In regard to contraband cargo of steamer Bermuda. 764 17 do Feb. 15 In regard to insurgent ownership of Bermuda. 765 276 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. June 23 Incloses printed copy of record in case of United States vs. Prize steamer Bermuda and cargo. 765 278 do June 25 Incloses Mr. Ashton's communication calling attention to unsigned letter to be found in record of United States vs. Bermuda. 766 BLOCKADE-RUNNING—THE FINGAL. 59 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1861. Oct. 17 Sailing of Fingal with bark Amelia, laden with cartridges and gunpowder. Information concerning her movements. 768 634 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. 1863. June 22 In regard to capture of Fingal near Savannah by United States cruisers. 768 BLOCKADE-RUNNING—THE GLADIATOR. 69 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1861. Nov. 8 Equipment of the Gladiator at London 769 44 Mr. Whiting to Mr. Seward. Dec. 12 In regard to arrival of Gladiator at Nassau. Colonial secretary's letter upon subject is inclosed. 769 Do 1862. Jan. 19. Movement of rebel vessels Caroline alias Kate Lockwood, Isabel alias Ella Warley, and Gladiator, in harbor and near Nassau. 770 0072 LXVI 10 Mr. Whiting to Mr. Seward. Feb. 12 Movement of rebel vessels and arrival of Catawba at Nassau direct from Charleston. 771 101 Mr. Dudley to Mr. Seward. Aug. 1 Sailing of Gladiator from Liverpool 771 105 do Aug. 8 Movement of Gladiator; her cargo 772 BLOCKADE-RUNNING—THE GEORGIANA. 301 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. 1863. Jan. 22 Incloses correspondence with Lord Russell remonstrating against departure of Georgiana from Liverpool, and letter from Mr. Morse, consul at London, describing vessel, and correspondence between British authorities on same subject. 772 311 do Jan. 29 Incloses further correspondence with Lord Russell in regard to steamer Georgiana. 777 531 Mr. Seward to Mr. Adams. Mar. 28 Incloses communication from Mr. Whiting in regard to arrival of Georgiana at Nassau, with request that it may be laid before Earl Russell. 782 368 Mr. Adams to Mr. Seward. April 9 Is glad to learn that Georgiana has been driven ashore. 782 374 do April 16 Incloses note to Lord Russell in regard to arrival of Georgiana at Nassau, covering communication from Mr. Whiting, United States consul at Nassau, and Lord Russell's acknowledgment thereof. 783

Enforcement of neutrality continued in Volume II.