O

Oakley, Lieut . Elijah, court-martial, cashiered, 5. 106, 141.

Oakley, Sergt . John. court-martial, drummed out, 26. 424.

Oakley, Capt . Myles, Washington's accounts, 27. 334.

Oaks, acorns of live, for Mount Vernon, 28. 28, 29.

Oakum, supply, 18. 364. Oars, order, 3. 92.

Oaths, military, 3. 367; and proposed mercenary corps, 24. 115. See also Allegiance.

Oats, seed, purchase and raising. 2. 331, 29. 64. 149, 32. 217, 33. 61, 62, 147, 158, 188, 235, 237, 243, 245, 256, 296, 300, 308, 316, 365, 376, 35. 378, 503; prospects. crop, scarcity, purchase, 28. 348, 363, 366, 378, 29. 253–255, 32. 257, 401, 438, 444, 473, 492, 33. 41 n , 51, 61, 232, 244, 335, 363, 394, 424, 434, 34. 63, 192, 224, 236. 35. 66, 510, 36. 282, 37. 339; culture, in rotation, experimentation, 29. 103, 154, 215, 226, 232, 244, 248, 249, 252, 336, 337, 31. 185 n , 33. 236, 245, 254, 301, 34. 445, 446, 502, 35. 260, 501, 502, 37. 464, 465; sowing. 32. 317, 318, 34. 77, 105, 111, 171, 35. 10; harvesting, threshing. 33. 9, 308, 424; cut, for fodder, 41 n , 51; horse feed, 34. 78, 105; sale, price, 105, 115, 284; pests, 35. 479. See also Grain.

Ober, Andrew. river obstructions, 6. 172.

Oberlaender, Gustav, acknowledgment to, 37. 541 n .

O'Brien, Sergt . Andrew, court-martial, 5. 74.

O'Brien, Capt . Jeremiah, conduct, 3. 426; Nova Scotia, 4. 111, 292.

O'Brien, John, court-martial, 5. 101.

O'Brien, Patrick, sentence, 17. 98.

O'Brien, Richard, shipmaster, Algerian captives, 30. 357; bears letters, 35. 91, 480; frigate for Algeria, 137.

O'Brien, Thomas, provost marshal, return to regiment, 18. 96, 451.

O'Bryan, Dennis, court-martial, 8. 362.

O'Bryan, Richard. See O'Brien.

Observations on Certain Documents , 36. 33 n .

Observations on the Commerce of the American States , 27. 138.

Obstructions, in the Delaware, 4. 134, 5. 154, 8. 366, 9. 47–49, 51, 52, 69, 321, 327, 350, 356, 356 n , 357, 364, 369, 372; Virginia rivers, 4. 134, 200, 201, 6. 166; water, at New York, 5. 15, 45, 129, 134, 242 n , 311, 326, 344, 372, 412, 452, 482, 493, 505, 508, 6. 26, 161, 172, 206, 244; road, 34, 8. 383, 393; abatis, 6. 127; passed, 184. 190. 193, 196 n . 198, 205, 210, 244, 257, 263 n ; water, at Highlands. 311; effectiveness, in the Hudson, 7. 64. See also Chain.

Occacock Island, cession for lighthouse, 31. 406.

Occoquan River. Va., ferry, 1.6 n ; passage in Yorktown march, 23. 79, 82, 83, 110, 112.

Ochs-Oakes George W., advisory committee, 1. ix. 4. v.

Oconee lands, Ga., Indian cession, 30. 387, 389.

Oconee River, federal post, 31. 33; Creek cession, 76.

O'Connor, —,* lecture, 29. 450 n .

O'Connor, Eliza Harriot,* school, 30. 3, 115; Mount Vernon, 115.

O'Connor, Hugh,* proposed land purchase, 31. 382.

O'Donnell, John,* ship from China, 28. 238, 263; gardener, 36. 26.

O'Fallon, James, proclamation against, 31. 250.

Offal, disposal, 11. 260, 12. 154. See also Cattle (slaughtering).

Office, disability, as punishment, 21. 355; consular, foreigners, 29. 50, 156, 175, 206, 346, 31. 41, 49 n , 496, 34. 218, 35. 437, 438; applicants for federal, policy and problems of appointment, 29. 371, 508, 509, 30. 171, 174, 178, 215, 216, 216 n , 221, 222, 224–229, 236–243, 270, 284, 303, 309, 311 n , 313–316, 323, 324, 326–329, 336, 337, 339, 340, 342 n , 354, 377, 383, 385, 398, 465, 469, 479, 482, 31. 3, 49 n , 210, 258, 296, 417, 418, 424, 32. 254, 33. 20, 109, 110, 134, 294, 298, 319, 320, 436, 34. 315, 488, 35. 29, 84, 92, 420; character of officials, 29. 465; claim of incumbent, 30. 225, 242; diplomatic, 337, 394, 31. 219–221, 413, 460, 468, 500, 32. 272 n , 33. 345, 346, 364, 364 n , 385 n , 409, 410, 34. 165, 242, 279, 35. 62, 123 n , 124 n , 126–131, 133, 174–176, 373, 394, 430 n , 469, 471, 476, 36. 1, 2, 19, 194, 195, 203 n , 214–216, 222, 223, 237, 37. 142 n , 143, 400; customs, dismissal, 30. 368, 369, 31. 125, 228, 32. 163, 415, 417, 438, 33. 60, 66, 72, 73, 88, 89 n , 294, 331, 417, 418, 436, 35. 404; Senate and appointments, rejection, 30. 370, 371, 374, 377–379, 412; withheld appointments, 377, 382; Madison and appointments, 393; list for Hamilton's advice, 413; judiciary, 414, 415, 417–422, 424, 425, 428, 451, 458, 461, 463, 465–474, 484, 31. 10, 228, 296, 313, 332, 333, 336, 386, 32. 111, 138, 158, 352, 353, 362, 33. 106, 118, 328, 34. 225, 424, 424 n , 428, 488, 35. 106; postal, 30. 436 n , 490, 31. 218; nominations, 8 n ; territorial, 49 n ; revenue cutters, 118, 130, 144, 151; funding service, 135, 150; district commissioners, 176, 200, 33. 246, 247, 250, 343, 354 n , 415, 416, 441, 442, 481, 482, 505, 34. 134, 177, 178, 180, 186, 197, 201, 215, 216, 35. 75; excise, 31. 234–238, 239 n , 240 n , 258, 274, 284, 371, 372, 389, 496, 497, 35. 106; departmental, 31. 293, 296, 298, 32. 43; commissions, 31. 296; pluralism, 335; foreign applicant, legality of foreign appointment, 417, 418, 424, 472 n , 478 n ; lighthouse keeper, 32. 173, 174; constitutional check on appointments, 362; purveyor, 34. 124 n ; list of state origin, 165–169; director of the mint, 306; surveyor general, 35. 106, 112, 116, 124, 140, 152, 161, 165, 210–212, 239, 239 n , 241, 244, 380; increasing salaries, 317; Washington and patronage under Adams, 37. 303–305, 342; information on eligibles, 574. See also Cabinet; Salaries.

Officers, military, Virginia Regiment : appointments and promotions, 1. 36, 38, 78, 97–100, 140, 161, 163, 165–167, 175–177, 287, 293, 365, 388, 406, 418, 419, 441, 2. 54, 56, 78, 93–96, 117, 122, 127, 129, 140, 178, 197, 205, 207, 208, 214, 233, 291; problems, 1. 97; regular commissions, 160 n , 161 n , 235, 237, 289, 387 n , 534; absence, neglect, other charges, defense, 174, 207, 292, 295, 297, 317, 331, 340, 471 n , 480, 531–535, 2. 55, 113, 208, 356; uniform, 1. 176, 185, 266, 395, 396; assignments, 177, 223, 224, 272–274, 2. 127; cadets and volunteers, commissions. 1. 243, 288, 322, 327, 384, 394, 423, 2. 37; trial, warning, reprimand, 1. 269–271, 403, 404; responsibility for company's supplies, 277, 279; pay, allowances, 283, 2. 34, 35 n , 49, 61, 89, 153, 206, 212, 228; under proposed reorganization, 1. 312, 315; Washington's brother, 314, 454; councils of war, 324, 327, 328, 350, 369–371, 400, 487, 2. 27, 63, 183 n , 190 n , 300 n ; companies for field officers, 1. 344. 387, 393, 394, 406, 416, 2. 45 n ; and disorders, 1. 353; disquiet under uncertain establishment, 433, 2. 25; number needed, 1. 464; address to London, 2. 19; reduction, 31, 35, 35 n , 55; South Carolina detachment, 37, 56; resignations, 54, 91, 178; study, 114, 203; Washington's brigadiership, 167 n ; transfer to new regiment, 184, 196; Pitt and rank of provincials, 209 n ; address to Washington on resignation, 316 n . See also Courts-martial; Noncommissioned officers; Rank; Recruiting; Staff; Virginia Regiment.

Revolutionary : supernumerary, militia, deranged, problems (1775), 3. 351; (1777), 7. 285, 367, 368, 445, 493, 8. 110, 242, 251, 9. 118, 233, 482, 10. 125, 376; (1778), 376, 11. 145, 158, 380, 12. 80, 13. 51, 419–421; (1779), 14. 223, 343 n , 0008 489 16. 7, 14; (1780), 17. 433–435, 20. 158, 165, 254, 263, 279–281, 287, 289, 290, 378, 465, 490; (1781), 21. 13, 38, 39, 76, 213, 216, 317, 368, 406, 407, 23. 29–31; (1782), 24. 392, 394, 445, 25. 57, 311–313, 322, 327, 373, 374, 376, 381, 416, 420, 439, 441, 455–457, 459, 462, 466, 467, 495. 26. 8, 22, 32, 34, 63, 142, 172, 199, 238, 249; (1783), 27. 420 n ; appointment (1775), Congress and field and lower, New England monopoly, 3. 400, 405, 434, 447, 456, 457, 472; Washington on New England, 433, 450–452, 7. 53; commission as reward, 3. 410; signing articles of war, 411, 446; uniforms, insignia, 437, 469, 4. 58, 155, 5. 437, 469, 17. 18, 19. 21, 22, 173, 210, 20. 349, 350; unmilitary familiarity with men, 3. 508, 4. 110, 111, 167, 187, 6. 110, 167, 187, 7. 54, 8. 400, 10. 422, 434, 473, 11. 83, 12. 23, 54, 13. 212, 14. 377, 15. 69, 359, 18. 161, 162, 26. 339; new establishment (1775–76), arrangements, troubles, 4. 8 n , 9, 36, 37, 43–45, 55, 59, 73, 77, 82, 86, 94, 99, 100, 109, 126, 146, 149, 153, 164, 185, 189, 190, 195, 228, 232, 241, 288, 461, 6. 154, 155, 156 n , 181, 183, 186–190, 200, 201, 213, 274, 278, 298, 382, 420, 429, 432, 433, 479, 483, 485, 491, 493–495, 499; servants, soldiers, improper use, 4. 19, 40, 6. 259, 260, 9. 83, 244, 11. 226, 397, 412, 12. 65 n , 13. 497, 16. 148, 17. 234, 373, 18. 5, 346, 23. 32 n , 423, 439, 449–452, 24. 131, 406, 25. 369, 26. 15, 16, 41; certificate of service, 4. 32; artillery, 36, 140, 161, 460, 462, 6. 281, 7. 77, 14. 440; attitude towards subordinates, 4. 81; recruiting affairs (1775), 85, 86, 95, 102, 108, 110; (1776), 234, 241, 342, 387, 486, 5. 14, 56, 343, 6. 251, 252, 262, 271, 272 n , 274, 279, 288–290, 290 n , 298, 311, 312, 343, 416, 429, 430; (1777), 7. 6–8, 11, 91, 92, 145, 245, 251, 257, 259, 261, 263–265, 277–279, 318, 322, 330, 331, 348, 354, 359, 361, 370, 373, 381, 392, 395, 398, 406, 423, 445, 452, 464, 467, 475, 481, 8. 7, 8, 13, 14, 29, 35, 38, 40, 45, 70, 71 n , 73, 84, 123, 170, 191, 197, 281, 440, 9. 10, 11, 11 n ; (1778), 10. 333, 503, 505, 11. 232, 463, 12. 80; (1779), 14. 79, 109, 132, 136, 159, 198, 204, 208, 349, 351, 16. 114, 307, 329, 354, 17. 128, 228, 482; (1780), 18. 139–141, 150, 170–173, 175, 194, 206, 217, 218, 251, 256, 257, 274, 285–287, 289, 303, 19. 79, 86, 101–103, 385, 20. 162, 281, 300; (1781), 21. 75, 117, 185–187, 269, 414; (1782), 25. 124, 125, 292, 336, 340, 341, 26. 150, 151, 27. 243; discouraging reenlistment, 4. 112; quartering, huts, 151, 10. 214, 25. 310; Washington and applicants, 4. 184, 228; irregular, 224, 436, 15. 64–66, 19. 62; detail to seek arms, 4. 264, 273, 291, 305, 307, 314, 342, 345; chosen by men, 274; and postage, 289, 26. 5, 6; temporary appointment, 4. 354 n , 8. 128, 15. 382, 462; vacancies (1776), filling, returns, 5. 17, 33; 55, 206, 216, 217, 232, 347–349 [ see also Promotion]; troops mutinous over appointments, 33; for fatigue, 82; order against being inoculated, 83; assuming command and rank, 98, 424, 437; salute by, 110, 8. 256, 12. 257; Canadian, 5. 142, 151, 173 [ see also Canadian regiments]; forbidden to act as sutlers, 165, 174; depredations, 483, 6. 115, 234, 237, 9. 191, 12. 172; needed qualities, encouragement to service, 6. 108, 110, 112 n , 115, 138, 153, 167, 168, 181, 187, 200, 241 n , 246, 380, 386, 483, 7. 134, 135, 168, 234, 238, 296, 309, 310, 17. 254; roster of duty, 6. 126; complement of ammunition, 147; adequate provision, 153–155; picket or court-martial duty, 157; Washington's control over appointments (1776–78), 272 n , 288, 290 n , 465, 476, 479, 483, 485, 492 n , 493, 494, 7. 7, 11, 14, 39, 68, 134, 135, 167, 172, 181, 186, 187, 215, 239, 240, 243, 246, 247, 250, 294–296, 308, 312, 327, 336, 338, 346, 384, 398, 399, 417–419, 470, 8. 29, 61, 128, 306, 11. 339; cavalry, conduct, appointment, cornets, 6. 386, 7. 24, 25, 51, 154, 193, 470, 11. 115, 244, 275, 339, 344, 394, 12. 37, 15. 495, 17. 104, 20. 300; nonstate regiments, straits, relief, 7. 33, 34, 419, 11. 230, 15. 157, 18. 203, 207, 19. 503–506, 20. 252, 21. 89, 93 [ see also Additional]; character of militia, 7. 57; under surveillance, 141, 219; temporary certificate in case of capture, 202; escort duty, 320, 321; impartiality toward, 393; authorized and unauthorized horses, 422, 8. 41, 9. 139, 304, 442 n , 14. 400, 15. 495, 19. 22, 476, 24. 14, 25. 324, 325; state control, evil, 7. 435, 15. 46 n , 19. 412; keeping the field, tents, 7. 466; unauthorized movements, 473; rangers, 8. 131; and drill and parade, 155, 359, 360, 402; improper grazing. 176, 328; hospital inspection by line officers, 251, 255, 256; arms, fusils, spontoons, sidearms, 256, 10. 190, 311, 314, 11. 133, 387, 12. 370, 15. 134, 160, 16. 108, 458, 468, 18. 215, 472, 19. 351, 0009 490 24. 491, 492; conduct on march, 8. 346; volunteer, 9. 40; encouraging mutiny, 439, 12. 92; protest of Virginia regiment, 9. 481; neglect of general orders, 10. 115; neglect of clothing inspection, 115; congressional promise to meritorious, 123; clothing, public, notes, 126, 448, 11. 54, 220, 12. 456, 487 n , 511, 13. 22, 65, 66, 244, 14. 29, 41, 42, 155, 364, 339, 364, 391, 15. 43, 62, 63, 161, 329, 330, 458, 464, 16. 25 n , 174, 177, 178, 281, 318, 321, 322, 330, 17. 373, 477, 18. 20, 117, 118, 126, 269, 473, 19. 36, 20. 252, 285, 23. 454, 481, 501, 502, 24. 25–27, 31–33; and rioting, 10. 137; hardships and discontent, causes, relief (1777), 144 n , 309; (1778), 13. 21, 22, 224 n , 385, 468, 491; (1779), 14. 26–30, 32, 364, 15. 43, 98, 323, 16. 39; (1780), 19. 368, 411, 412, 502, 503 [ see also Accounts; Pay]; status of captured loyalist, 10. 149; military study, 238; proper dress, 240, 12. 8, 258; articles from captured British baggage, 10. 274, 291–295, 302, 311; convalescent, return to camp, 407; oath of allegiance, 429, 11. 331, 333 n , 360–362, 374, 375, 381, 389. 410, 411, 472; engineers, sappers and miners, 433, 12. 40, 241, 312, 16. 21, 23, 37, 46, 48, 17. 444, 27. 161; state suspension and dismissal, 10. 481 n , 482, 11. 444; special accounts, private, travel, settlement, 10. 503, 11. 430, 12. 231 n . 495, 16. 120, 17. 445–447, 18. 324, 19. 476, 20. 22, 23. 14 n , 24. 371; on secret service, expenses, 10. 503, 505; line and militia animosities, 504; drummed out, 11. 83; unjust charges, 128, 224, 233, 12. 24, 272, 20. 265, 23. 385, 387; acquittal disapproved, 11. 200, 204; responsibility for discipline, 231, 26. 68, 238; suspension, 11. 246, 26. 49, 130, 137; inattention and surprise, warning, 11. 250, 13. 47, 67, 14. 93, 20. 302; funeral honors, 11. 252; intercourse and trade with enemy, 263, 17. 251, 25. 224, 26. 366, 367; slaves at camp, 11. 266; American and British establishment contrasted, 286; dictatorial power and appointment, 11. 339; French alliance celebration, 357 n ; bribed, 375; supporting absence of soldiers, 442; immorality, 12. 23, 54; restoration, refused, 48, 13. 33; extortion, 12. 54; replacement of horses, compensation, 336, 467, 14. 399, 17. 412, 20. 468, 472. 21. 482, 26. 4; opening official packet, 12. 358; listing, 361, 365, 24. 117; at muster, 12. 370; memorial to Congress (1778), Washington's ignorance, 13. 22; and civil authorities. 81, 82, 357, 14. 250, 283, 15. 46 n , 17. 252, 257, 268, 20. 110, 24. 442, 26. 55–57, 454, 461; Reed's exertions, 13. 385; appointment for loyalist and British officer, 165, 14. 65; discord at frontier post, 14. 119, 120; horse swapping, 127; in charge of discharged men and levies, 346, 15. 410, 17. 228; state provision, 14. 360, 16. 340, 17. 22, 23, 26. 122, 27. 420 n ; winter quarters, breaking up, controversy, 14. 399, 400, 17. 300, 437; to South, refusal to march, 14. 499, 501, 15. 60, 23. 436, 442–444, 492, 24. 28, 35; remonstrance by New Jersey (1779), Washington's disapproval, 15. 13–16, 32, 33, 43, 44; perversion of state law, 104, 105; later needed appointments, filling vacancies, problem, 183, 315, 336, 16. 5, 51, 133, 170, 19. 195, 24. 421; boycott of forestalled articles, 15. 361, 366; power feared, 16. 39; militia, control over, 45; tea and pepper, 321, 330; slim commands, 17. 162; fuel, 297, 21. 72, 23. 423, 26. 115; irregular stations, 17. 427; demands of New York (1780), 493, 494; pursuit of deserters, 18. 20 n , 147; exchange of regiments, 181; malingering, 261; assembly at Morristown, 261 n ; disorderly guard, 466; need of harmony, 20. 2; regulation of detaching, 23, 24. 6; required regimental, 20. 162, 166, 167; effect of short enlistments on, 210; special tender of services declined, 250; later ration questions, 453, 21. 212, 22. 39, 23. 469, 24. 59, 256, 288–291, 295, 302, 348–351, 369, 465, 25. 50, 57, 416, 442, 478, 489, 495, 496, 26. 6, 15, 16, 89, 110, 199; transfer to navy, 22. 78, 25. 13, 14; unattached, and tour of duty, 22. 356; preemption of Yorktown goods, 23. 299–301, 314, 318, 323, 329, 354, 355, 375, 376, 378, 379, 496; public horses, 24. 14; address on birth of dauphin, 312–314; retention of lieutenants as ensigns, 392, 394, 445; permit for foreign services, 375–379, 418, 419; general duty and detail, 25. 77, 78; trials and satisfactions of service, 462; peace establishment, veterans, 26. 380, 382384, 386, 396, 446, 27. 141, 142, 209, 279, 307; veterans in militia command, 26. 398; suspension of hostilities, furloughed and retained, 430, 464, 479, 481, 27. 10, 38, 129, 206, 222, 257, 339; dubious private allowance, 26. 466; memorial of 0010 491 invalids. 27. 7; Northwest settlement plans, memorial, comments, 16–18, 163, 172, 225, 410, 411, 29. 80, 81, 97, 134–136, 412, 30. 14; Washington on relations, farewell orders on, 27. 150, 163, 226; general discharge, 168, 169; Washington and endorsement of candidacy, 28. 241. See also Accounts; Baggage; Bounty; Brevets; Cincinnati; Commissions; Continental army; Courts-martial; Courts of inquiry; Crimes; Drill; Feld officers; Foreign volunteers; Furloughs; General of officers; Guards; Light corps; Nepotism; Newburgh Addresses; Noncommissioned officers; Officers of the day; Pay and allowances; Pensions; Prisoners of war; Promotion; Punishments; Rank; Resignation; Staff.

Federal : first appointments, 30. 421 n 31. 42 n 79, 227 n –229 n 32. 417; drink, 105; foreign volunteers, 186, 33. 154, 37. 98, 99, 124, 183, 356; furloughs, excessive, 33. 350, 34. 493, 35. 94, 37. 362; provisional army: selection, 36. 244, 335, 354, 355, 359, 363, 415–417, 423, 424, 469, 479, 489–491, 503–505, 512, 513, 515–517, 521, 37. 9, 21, 22, 25, 31, 32, 34, 73–76, 80, 84, 113, 114, 121, 168, 203–206, 221–229, 235, 238, 271–275, 306, 316, 319 n 331–336, 410; available Revolutionary, 36. 333, 334, 347, 359, 446, 451; applicants, 360, 366, 367, 369, 370. 372–374, 378, 379, 404, 405, 418, 37. 178, 202, 203, 225, 242 n 254, 255, 314 n 316, 332, 334, 398; cavalry, 36. 424, 425, 37. 30, 33, 77; artillery and engineers, 36. 488; insignia, class distinctions, 37. 16; quotas, 32–34; immediate appointment advised, 37, 38; pay, beginning, 38, 189, 341, 438; line, and staff service, 49, 50; uniform, 52; delay in replies and commissions, 157, 168, 171, 175, 176, 182, 188, 189; passed over, political interference, 160, 191–193, 192 n 198, 199, 202. S au also Army; Courts-martial; Courts of inquiry; General officers; Military academies; Promotion; Rank; Staff.

Officers of the day, regulations, duties, 8. 183, 210, 225, 226, 12. 47, 258, 14. 89, 17. 472, 19. 348, 26. 209, 210, 327, 501; headquarters dinners, 10. 19, 11. 21, 12. 242, 243, 20. 71, 187, 22. 270, 428, 25. 103, 133, 135; and guard mount, 10. 190, 11. 228, 18. 32; reprimand, 10. 342; substitute, 442; absence, 11. 19; provost, camp police, 220, 16. 34; examination of prisoners, 12. 39, 40; inspectors, 68, 360; reports, 287, 16. 64, 20. 187; junior commands and selection, 18. 96; communication of general orders, 103; assignments (1780, April), 248, 249, 255, 260, 268, 281, 283, 285, 290, 292, 295–297, 305, 313–315; (May), 318, 319, 321, 324, 336, 337, 339, 342, 345, 348, 349, 351, 359, 369, 374, 377, 380, 395, 400, 402, 404, 407, 422, 432, 433, 448, 451, 452; (June), 466, 467, 472, 476, 477, 485, 19. 2, 3, 7, 13, 17, 19, 21, 33, 34, 73, 75, 76, 88, 98; (July), 99, 109, 110, 112, 113, 126, 137, 141, 142, 152–154, 162, 163, 172, 173, 188, 190, 208, 209, 220, 222, 223, 239, 241, 251, 252, 263, 273, 277, 278; (August), 346, 347, 351, 352, 364, 365, 371, 380, 386, 388, 394, 396, 398, 414, 415, 423, 429, 435, 438, 447, 448, 463, 466, 476; (September), 478, 483, 486, 496, 498, 499, 502, 20. 9, 11, 13, 22–24, 31, 32, 46, 47, 49, 63, 65, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81, 82, 83, 94, 96, 99, 100, 101; (October), 109, 112, 113, 121, 124, 129, 140, 141, 151, 152, 168, 178, 185, 186, 199, 202, 217, 222, 233, 236, 251, 253, 256, 257, 261, 264, 270; (November), 277. 282, 287, 288, 301, 302, 319, 320, 328, 333, 341, 342. 347. 349, 358, 361. 365, 379, 380. 389, 391, 396, 397, 401; (1781, June), 22. 268, 270, 285; (July), 299, 301, 323, 325, 327, 332, 334. 336, 342, 355, 357, 361, 373, 381, 385, 389, 392, 394, 397, 398, 400, 411, 412, 418, 420, 423, 425, 427, 428, 438; (August), 442, 453, 455. 460, 461, 469, 471, 482, 485, 487, 492–494, 499, 500, 23. 5, 15, 18; (September), 146. 148, 152, 153; (October), 165, 167, 170, 171, 175–177, 239, 244, 251, 254. 262, 264, 269, 275, 283, 287, 299, 304, 306; (November), 315, 318, 320, 328; (1782, September), 25. 103, 104, 116, 118, 130, 132, 134, 138, 141, 143, 148, 149, 154, 158. 159, 168, 170, 178, 181, 183, 188, 189, 203, 204, 212, 215, 218; (October), 224, 225, 236–238, 246–248, 251, 254, 255, 259, 262, 264, 270, 278. 282, 283, 285, 291, 299, 300; (November). 354, 357, 366–370, 373, 374, 380, 381, 383; (December), 384, 393, 395, 396, 402, 405, 406, 410, 412, 421, 424, 427, 432, 439, 442, 449, 452–456, 459, 464, 474, 477, 478, 493, 494, 495; (1783, January), 26. 3–5, 11–14, 22, 23, 30, 31, 34, 35, 45, 48, 55, 61, 62, 69, 70, 73, 87; (February), 89, 93, 94, 101, 102, 108–111, 120, 128, 129, 132, 135, 141, 147–149, 157–159, 168, 169, 172; (March). 174, 175, 180, 188, 191, 196, 197, 201, 202, 205, 208, 209, 220, 222, 227, 228, 234, 246, 0011 492 248–250, 259–261, 263, 268, 270, 278; (April), 281, 283, 296, 301, 303, 306, 310–314, 321, 327, 329, 334, 343, 353, 356, 359, 360, 363, 365, 367, 368; (May), 371, 398, 400, 401, 410, 414, 415, 423–425, 428, 429, 437–439, 444–446, 451–454, 458, 460; (June), 461, 463, 467–469, 471, 477, 481, 498, 27. 6–9, 15, 18, 23, 25, 26; divisional captain of the day, 19. 3, 497; rank matter in orders, 4; attendance at headquarters, 386, 25. 367, 26. 314; van and rear guards, 20. 74; ordered, 25. 102; brigade quarter–master, 135; meeting of old and new, 464, 26. 129. See also Trenches.

O'Flynn, Patrick,* miller, 36. 244.

O'Gamie, Sharp, court-martial, capital penalty, 24. 311.

Ogan, Peterster, court-martial, 7. 183.

Ogden, Mrs . —, pass, 18. 421.

Ogden, Capt.-Lieut . ( Capt .) Aaron,* brigade major, 11. 48, 353, 19. 221, 26. 175; paymaster, resigns, 11. 299; service, 353 n 19. 221 n line commission, rank, 14. 264, 388, 389; light corps, 18. 191; officer of the day, 19. 239; proposed attack on Kings Bridge, 20. 387, 388, 392, 393; and project, 24. 286, 287; unauthorized visit to New York, letter, 26. 274, 274 n as officer, 36. 333.

Ogden, Lieut . Barney, bears funds, 14. 136.

Ogden, David, and intelligence, 5. 155.

Ogden, Euphemia (Morris), 34. 482.

Ogden, Gabriel, ironworks, ordnance, 7. 275 n 8. 5, 19. 141, 20. 274 n

Ogden, Isaac. paas, 25. 276 n

Ogden, James, British emissary to mutineers, executed, 21. 89 n 92 n

Ogden, Capt . John,* intelligence, letter, 20. 340, 340 n

Ogden, Lieut . Col . ( Col .) Matthias,* commission, 3. 399, 5. 33; service, 3. 399 n 6. 466 n 7. 200 n 14. 144 n continuance in service, recruiting, 6. 466, 7. 134, 135, 200, 412, 416; circular to, 278 n at courts-martial, 8. 58, 10. 127, 141, 191, 11. 134, 174, 202, 18. 65, 23. 284, 301, 306, 323; marching orders (1777), 8. 437; posts and movements, 476, 486, 501, 505; Philadelphia campaign, 9. 9, 114, 117; to arrange officers, 461; plan to rescue officer prisoners of war, 11. 255; detachment, 384, 17. 321; intelligence, 12. 378 n 13. 267, 24. 100; disobedience of subordinate, 13. 386; court-martialed, reprimand, 14. 135, 135 n 144, 165, 166, 193, 326; withdrawal from coast guard, 15. 74; impressing provisions, 17. 362 n 364 n 371, 373; Staten Island expedition, 385; Marsh, 470; Shippen trial, 18. 110; brigaded, 190; officer of the day, 248, 19. 152, 251, 23. 275, 25. 248, 282; at parade, 18. 269; light-corps command, 19. 299; capture, 20. 302; and derangement, 490; Yorktown: relief, 23. 175; command, 198; trench materials, 205; leveling works, 275; on duty, 287, 318;—project, 24. 91, 99, 285–287, 292, 293; Washington visits, 100; Hatfield, 240; regiment commended, 309; De Peyster case, 327, 328, 330; ranking board, 25. 259; reform of regiment, 287; on lines, instructions, 396, 397; delayed correspondence, 26. 162; unauthorized leave, 274; leave for France, military dress disapproved, 305, 340; certificate, 340; news, 27. 228. See also New Jersey First.

Ogden, Robert,* removal, 7. 60.

Ogden, Samuel,* influence, 7. 158; pass, 25. 276 n return of loyalist refugees, 26. 50–52; wife, 34. 482 n

Ogden, Rev . Uzal,* sermon, 16. 51; sketch, 51 n publication, 30. 354 n

Ogdens Iron Works, N. J., route by, 23. 53.

Ogilby, Lieut . Nicholas, armed vessel, 4. 304.

Ogle, Benjamin,* deer for Mount Vernon, 28. 221, 468, 29. 281; son-in-law, 36. 358; Washington's regards, 37. 199; cantonment, 414, 417, 423.

Ogleby, Nicholas, court-martial, 3. 514.

Oglethorpe, James Edward, Georgia land, 30. 505.

O'Hara, Col . ( Gen .) Charles, cartel negotiations, 13. 349, 369, 24. 22; rank in exchange, 23. 372.

O'Hara, Capt . Henry, detachment, 7. 357; works at Pompton, 461; service, 461 n at Morristown, 462; company, 8. 404.

O'Hara, James, deserter, 17. 358.

O'Hara, Col . James, of Pennsylvania, conduct of militia, 34. 8 n quartermaster general, 166.

O'Hara, Capt . Patrick, status of company, 17. 157, 158; returns, 322.

Ohio Archæological and Historical Quarterly , 36. 378 n

Ohio Company, first, surveying, 1. 18; sketch, 19 n 100 n Ohio River fort, 20 n 23, 24, 30, 31 n Red Stone storehouse, 44; Mills Creek post, 45 n Indian conference (1752), 88 n and Washington's journey (1753), 2. 7; road, 253; condition (1767), 470; and Walpole Grant, 3. 9 n 66 n Washington and affairs. 28. 145.

Ohio Company, second, plans, memorial, Washington's comments, 27. 16–18, 163, 172, 225, 410, 411, 29. 80, 81, 97, 134–136, 30. 14; leaders, 29. 412; settlement, 521.

Ohio County, W. Va., (Va.), excise survey, 31. 239 n

Ohio River, Ohio Company's activity, French reaction, 1. 20 n English warning to French, Washington's journeys, 22–30, 154, 29. 37, 37. 585; French claim, 1. 26; Washington's map of French on, facing 31. 31 n as route, improvements, 13. 238 n 239 n 26. 64, 377, 27. 373, 374, 477, 478, 29. 89, 348, 349, 370, 371 n 418, 419, 30. 123, 124, 200, 431, 31. 103; patrol and Indian raids, 13. 239 n posts, 14. 279, 280, 421, 481, 26. 379, 28. 168; Washington's lands, rival claim, 27. 331, 28. 128, 155–157, 221, 295, 480, 29. 331, 336, 341, 345, 381, 470, 30. 39, 40, 145, 167, 231, 273, 31. 60–62, 155, 176, 256, 266, 486, 33. 357–359, 377, 378, 381, 404, 407–409, 34. 89–91, 94, 289, 438, 440, 441, 35. 393, 36. 69, 128, 131–133, 135, 158, 317, 336, 337, 391–393, 414, 415, 439, 37. 297, 416, 497. See also Fort Pitt: Frontier.

Oil, for hospital, 11. 166; impressment, 22. 252. See also Olive oil; Whale oil.

Oilliamson, Marie Gabriel Eleanor, comte d',* hounds for Mount Vernon, 28. 243, 245.

Okely, —, Yorktown store, 23. 283.

Old Blazing Star, Staten Island, 17. 376, 381, 20. 393.

Old Tappan, N. J. See Harrington.

Old Town, Md., Cresap's location, 1. 8 n route by, 29. 95.

Oldham, Capt . Edward, rank, 15. 34, 112; service, 112 n

Olieres, Jean B. L. P. F. d'. See Sainte Mesme.

Olife, —, shipmaster, 3. 42.

Olive, Maj . Robert, brigade major, 15. 380; service, 380 n

Olive culture, Mazzei's, in Virginia, 15. 347.

Olive oil, for Mount Vernon, 27. 160. See also Oil.

Oliver, —, shoe-hide barter, 12. 332.

Oliver, Lieut . Drury, court-martial, 11. 86.

Oliver, Peter, house for hospital, 3. 367.

Oliver, Capt . ( Maj .) Robert,* company, 3. 429; brigade inspector, 12. 273; service, 273 n 19. 415 n 20. 72 n 22. 286 n officer of the day, 19. 415, 463, 20. 13, 72, 94, 99, 124, 152, 217, 257, 287, 22. 286, 420, 461, 25. 452, 478, 26. 5, 13, 45, 87, 129, 172, 270; leave, 20. 329; fatigue, 22. 336; at court-martial, 501; light corps, 25. 46; passes, 236 n Fisher case, 26. 160.

Oliver Cromwell , H. M. S., 16. 484.

Olives, for Mount Vernon, 27. 160.

Olivier, Pedro, Spanish intrigue with Indians, 32. 117, 124, 129.

Olney, Maj . Coggeshall,* officer of the day, 23. 5, 16, 177, 25. 159, 224, 262; service, 23. 16 n at courts-martial, 463, 24. 310, 311; march, 258, 259; reenlistments, 368, 503; Vermont affairs, 26. 144, 145; artificers at Saratoga, 219.

Olney, George,* transportation of supplies by French fleet, 19. 168–171, 205, 266, 330.

Olney, Lieut. Col . Jeremiah,* post (1777), 8. 52, 130, 135, 161, 236; soldiers courts-martialed, 60; detachment, 130, 17. 321; at court-martial, 10. 299, 19. 142, 22. 424; eastward march, 12. 197; officers, 18. 48 n 144 n 146 n officer of the day, 19. 73, 113, 415, 483, 22. 392, 23. 153, 254, 25. 188, 248, 282; rearguard, 19. 427; recruiting, reenlistments, 21. 266, 267, 23. 473–476, 24. 105, 502, 25. 426; brigaded, 22. 231; Yorktown march, 23. 20, 42; at siege, 153, 176, 205, 254; Howe trial, 419; inspection of regiment, 495, 501; Johnson case, 24. 335, 335 n bears letter, 415; commended, 415; inspection of invalids, 464; Dobbs Ferry post, intercourse, 25. 92 n 103, 113; reform of regiment, 463, 26. 63; clothing, 47; under Willett, Oswego expedition, 57, 60 n 91; furloughing of regiment, 468, 469; as officer, 36. 333; gift, 37. 324 n See also Rhode Island Regiment.

Olney, Capt . Stephen,* light corps, 18. 191; service, 192 n rank, 21. 282; to Virginia, 22. 369.

O'Mara, Capt . Henry, company, 5. 74.

One Hundred Second Foot, British, officer, 25. 376 n

O'Neal, Dr . Francis, court-martial, cashiered, 16. 450, 451.

O'Neal, Capt . Peter, court-martial, 8. 201.

O'Neale, Bernard, Washington at house, 28. 217 n

Oneida Indians, chiefs at camp, 3. 525, 526, 7. 329; talk, 5. 168; use, attitude, return home, 11. 76, 390, 12. 99, 101, 16. 13; attack on hostile Iroquois, 13. 50, 88; fort for, provisions and other supplies, 14. 19, 24, 43, 328, 19. 385, 21. 284, 285, 364, 384; and Iroquois expedition, 14. 150; information, 448; Onondaga captives, 15. 115; Haldimand's speech, 469; snowshoes, 17. 204; pursuing deserters, 19. 37; protection, 88; memorial, distress, relief, 27. 140; address (1789), 30. 436 n treaty on Erie, 34. 77. See also Iroquois.

Oneida Lake, as route, 27. 80, 85.

O'Neil, —, Mount Vernon quarry, 33. 400, 427, 447, 34. 59; lease, 33. 420.

Onion River. Vt., retirement of settlers. 5. 252 n

Onions, for Mount Vernon, 28. 315.

Onondaga Indians, plan against, in Iroquois expedition, 14. 271, 272; raided, 482, 483, 497, 15. 3, 10, 12, 20, 26, 27, 30, 54, 61; prisoners, 30, 31, 115, 129; peace overtures, 168, 169, 173; attitude and return of prisoners, 16. 13, 346.

Onoquaga. See Anaquaga.

Onslow County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236, 32. 311.

Opdyke, Leonard. acknowledgment to, 9. 497 n

Opium, Leigh's book, 29. 138.

Opossums, for Newenham, 30. 73, 217.

Oquaga. See Anaquaga.

Orange County, N. Y.,* committee of safety, 5. 277, 278, 297; militia calls, 306 n 6. 20, 34, 35, 8. 333, 455, 21. 281, 290, 291; alarm signals, 14. 282; frontier foray on, 15. 135; supplies, 20. 120 n impressment of transportation, 21. 390, 391, 395.

Orange County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 237.

Orange County, Va.,* colonial militia detachment, 1. 349, 351, 352, 371, 375, 375 n , 2. 73 n 74; Convention troops march, escort, letter to, 13. 314; excise survey, 31. 239 n

Orangeburg, S. C., capture, 22. 215, 216.

Orangeburg County, S. C., excise survey, 31. 237; Jay Treaty, 34. 303 n

Oranges, orders, 2. 522, 3. 25, 99, 214.

Orangetown (Tappan), N. Y., sick to, 6. 31, 36, 48, 49; stores, 311; post, 12. 193 n British at, 527; headquarters, letters and orders from, 19. 338–431, 20. 74–84, 94–97, 99–129, 26. 401–414, 27. 113 n 236 n security of camp, 19. 347–349; tavern, 20. 120; levies to, 24. 266, 268; cartel negotiations, 25. 122, 137.

Orbs, Thomas, court-martial, 9. 99.

Orchards, Mount Vernon, in proposed lease, 34. 433, 435, 35. 376. See also Horticulture.

Orcut, Stephen, court-martial. 26. 310.

Order of Divine Providence, Polish, American knights, 27. 119, 310–312.

Orderlies, headquarters, 1. 195, 4. 513, 5. 269, 6. 229, 8. 142, 308, 9. 275, 10. 141, 20. 142; books, acquaintance, 1. 216, 233, 4. 203, 5. 269, 9. 268; for staff, 8. 142, 10. 425, 11. 313, 15. 130, 289, 352, 22. 287, 25. 328; at courts-martial, 10. 263, 11. 12, 19. 142, 352, 366, 372, 416, 424, 465, 24. 492; office, attendance, 11. 280, 313, 19. 126, 352; hospital, 11. 497, 23. 199; at guard mounting, 12. 148. See also General orders; Orders.

Orders in Council, American reaction, 33. 355, 356; spoliations, 34. 295. See also Neutral trade.

Orders of Continental army. See General orders.

Orders of Virginia Regiment. See index of Vol. I.

Ordnance department, funds, accounts, 7. 135, 139, 332; control over, 12. 273; reorganized, 14. 64, 68, 285, 18. 321; officers court-martialed, 14. 369, 15. 67–69, 108, 109, 111; care and distribution of stores, 477; pay, 21. 204; Knox as master, extra allowance, 26. 475. See also Arms; Arsenals; Artillery; Military stores.

Oreilly, Capt . —von, bears letter, 8. 57.

Oren, —, as overseer, 33. 65.

Organ, Alexandria church, 32. 410 n

Organization of federal government, action of Continental Congress, temporary seat, 30. 32, 52, 53, 63, 91, 95, 99, 100; expected early completion, 73; state preparations, importance, 96, 101, 117, 125, 126, 131, 146, 149; success, 437, 438, 442, 491, 496, 497, 504, 508 n 31. 39, 44, 45, 66, 67, 80, 83, 94 n 142, 164, 174, 241, 243, 248, 316, 319, 326, 346, 357, 362, 396, 32. 54, 189, 399, 35. 319. See also Congress; Elections; Federal Convention; Judiciary; Office; Presidency; Ratification; Union.

Orient. See China; East Indies.

Oriskany, battle, 9. 75, 106, 165.

Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, duc de ( duc de Chartres; Égalité), Ushant, 12. 506, 509.

Orme, Archibald, survey, 31. 208, 209, 280.

Orme, Capt . Robert, Washington's appointment, letters, 1. 107, 110, 110 n 111; Braddock's aide, sketch, 107 n and Washington, 108, 153 n Fairfax, 111; wounded, 148, 149, 151, 29. 43.

Ornaments, personal, orders, gifts, 2. 331, 332, 335, 369, 370, 414, 463, 3. 23, 29, 39, 92, 93, 31. 88, 35. 436, 463, 480; for house, order for busts, shipment, 2. 333, 334. See also Table ornaments; Watches.

Orne, Azor , impressment of vessel. 3. 471 n

Orne, Capt . Joshua. resignation, 13. 93.

Oropeak Swamp, Va., 2. 411.

Orr, Lieut . William, court-martial, cashiered, 11. 266.

Orser, Capt . Jonas,* complaint, 25. 184, 185 n

Orvilliers, Louis Guillouet, comte d', Ushant, 12. 502, 506, 509, 518, 13. 9, 72, 74, 90.

Osborn, Capt . —, parole, 24. 315, 320 n

Osborne, Francis G. See Leeds.

Osborne, Lucy E., acknowledgment to, 35. 1 n

Osborne, Richard, land, 28. 76.

Osborne, William, unfit recruit, 24. 452.

Osburns Island, N.J., reported British post, 23. 444.

Osgood, Christopher, Vermont affairs, 25. 351, 351 n 407.

Osgood, Capt . James, position, 3. 370.

Osgood, Samuel,* Ward's aide, absent, 3. 352, 4. 329; cattle, 21. 29, 122; Congress, committees, 25. 472 n 25. 296 n 351 n 26. 224 n 232 n 284 n 291 n 334 n presidential mansion, 30. 349 n postmaster general, 413, 34. 165; appointments by, 30. 436 n mail contract, 31. 177 n

Osmont, Louis, embargo, 33. 312.

Osnaburgs (ticklenburgs), for Mount Vernon slaves, orders, price, 2. 332, 370, 26. 435, 27. 6, 175, 428, 494, 28. 492, 29. 110, 112, 458, 498, 31. 186, 32. 198, 215, 348, 33. 275, 285, 295, 303, 34. 117, 127, 135, 143, 379, 35. 286, 306, 308, 36. 123, 148, 174, 177, 188, 241, 37. 438, 535; postbellum, from England, 34. 186 n

Oston, Henry, court-martial, 23. 322.

Oswald, Lieut. Col . Eleazer,* appointment, 6. 499 n 7. 132; service, 6. 506 n artillery for New Jersey, 8. 235; rank, 12. 459, 13. 77; resignation, 417, 15. 95; newspaper, 28. 349. 430; ratification, 29. 518.

Oswald, Richard, Laurens, 12. 432; peace negotiations, 26. 7, 15 n 18, 26, 28, 78.

Oswegatchie, N. Y., British post, 13. 304, 305, 432; route, exploration, map, importance, 14. 447, 15. 31, 32, 114, 115, 189 n 242, 245, 455; prisoners from, 139; desertion to, 19. 37.

Oswego, N. Y., scout to (1776), 5. 382, 385, 415; proposed expedition, 6. 157 n as route for proposed Canadian expedition, shipbuilding, 13. 297, 299, 300, 401, 431; British reoccupation, 16. 44, 24. 405, 409, 443, 25. 107; expedition against: preparation, clothing, 449–451, 26. 47, 52, 57; Washington and participation, 57; supplies; need of surprise, instructions, 90–93; failure, comment, 165, 190;— proposed post, preparations, British retention, 379, 480, 27. 108, 169, 460, 476; occupation (1796), 35. 111, 169, 170, 312; communication and transportation, 170–173.

Otis, Harrison Gray, office, 35. 106, 161.

Otis, Samuel, conference on army, 4. 22 n

Otis & Andrews,* military clothing, 12. 445, 447, 451–453, 511, 13. 25, 26, 31, 37, 65, 311; shirts, 331; cavalry clothing, 392. See also next title.

Otis & Henley,* provisions, 14. 419 n hunting shirts, 430; military clothing, 17. 402, 18. 86, 92, 127, 167, 172, 20. 367, 368; blankets from baize, 119; clothing for headquarters, account, 28. 252, 253. See also preceding title.

Otsego Lake, Iroquois expedition route, 14. 407, 477, 16. 2; Washington at, 27. 71 n

Ottawa Indians, French allies, 1. 42, 44; attitude (1779), 15. 469; treaties. talk, 30. 327, 332 n 35. 299.

Ottendorff, Maj . Nicholas Dietrich, baron de,* German battalion, 6. 324; service, 324 n 8. 154 n 12. 322 n soldiers court-martialed, 8. 154; Armand to command corps, 224, 226; conduct and office, 12. 322; winter quarters, 17. 210 n

Otter, Gilbert, court-martial, 23. 301, 302.

Otto, Col . Bodo, militia regiment, 11. 258 n surgeon, 20. 218.

Otto, Louis Gullaume,* welcomed, 28. 342, 343; funding loan, 31. 366; French debt, 32. 343.

Ouittanan Indians. See Wea.

Outasitta, Cherokee, with Virginia Regiment, 2. 76, 77, 82; scout, 85; and suspected spies, 97.

Outlaws, Neutral Ground, 18. 451, 21. 275, 284, 24. 60; near New Windsor, 22. 23.

Outram, —, shipmaster, 2. 484.

Oveloes, order, 2. 333.

Ovens, Thomas, court-martial, 8. 59.

Ovens, temporary, 8. 351; sites, construction, 475, 481, 9. 185, 186, 19. 104, 396, 423; portable iron, 10. 63, 271, 284; Valley Forge bakehouse, 243; West Point, 20. 169; White Plains, 22. 390; French, 23. 24, 59 n 67. See also Bread.

Overalls, need, supply, summer wear, 12. 452, 455, 14. 3, 22, 217, 223, 266. 419, 430, 486, 15. 2, 182, 298, 16. 25 n 18. 38, 19. 36, 205, 303, 21. 480, 23. 454, 24. 111; Iroquois expedition, 15. 76, 106, 132, 133, 16. 141, 142; dragoons, 15. 93; linen and canvas, on hand, 18. 59 n light corps, 19. 240; altered trousers, 386; woolen, need, 20. 119, 25. 207, 313, 26. 157.

Overcoats. See Cloaks; Watchcoats.

Overdonck family, servants at Mount Vernon, 29. 84 n

Overlook, Philip, Massachusetts soldier, 4. 49.

Overman, Lee S., commission, 1. vii.

Overseers at Mount Vernon,* horses, 3. 435; character and conduct, 26. 42, 29. 269, 32. 246, 257, 264, 265, 297, 338, 358, 393, 427, 435, 442, 463, 465, 33. 40 n 51, 132, 190–195, 238, 241, 243, 244, 301, 336, 351, 399, 428, 429, 443, 470, 473, 494 n 34. 25, 43, 135, 152, 193, 323; employment, terms, wages, shares, 29. 256, 257, 265, 266, 30. 156 n 31. 188, 338, 350, 32. 265, 267, 33. 36, 40 n 267, 435, 446, 454, 455, 494, 502, 513, 34. 12, 284, 342, 374. 35. 203, 207, 332, 507, 508, 36. 11, 444–446, 450–452; admonitions, management of labor, 30. 175 n 264–266, 33. 11, 12, 56, 98, 99, 196, 240, 473, 474, 34. 291; at Mansion Farm, 32. 274, 279–281, 292, 295, 34. 422; duties, instructions, houses, 32. 304, 357, 437, 33. 110, 11l, 142, 144, 177, 178, 194, 196, 34. 25, 41; reports, 33. 10, 53, 196; personal use of slaves, 11; accounts, 232. 233, 35. 257; of slave carpenters, 33. 454, 455, 36. 450; family allowance, 34. 103; influence of slaves, 103; union of farms, 35. 507. See also Mount Vernon ( Farms ).

Overton, Capt . John, regiment, 19. 200; service, 200 n

Overton, Lieut . Thomas, leave, 13. 83.

Owen, Daniel,* ratification, 31. 55.

Owens, Mobrey, court-martial, 16. 126.

Owens, William. Mercer estate, 30. 191.

Owings, Jeremiah, court-martial, 23. 321.

Oxen, military transportation, 12. 491, 20. 407, 21. 205, 22. 6, 23. 494, 24. 12, 13; picking up public, regulations, 22. 412, 444; and depredations, 454; disease, 23. 282; military care, reports, returns, 24. 419, 420, 489, 490; farm use, 32. 69; at Mount Vernon, 33. 180, 204, 230 n 245; increase, 315. See also Transportation.

Oxford, Godfrid, court,martial, 9. 170.

Oxford Meeting House, Pa., troops at, 9. 230.

Oyster Battery, New York City, 5. 73.

Oyster Bay, L. I. See Coram.

Oyster shells, for lime, price, 28. 92, 29. 215, 244, 30. 258, 32. 183, 346, 349, 364, 369, 435, 445, 457, 463, 481, 34. 205, 217, 35. 266.

Oysters, preserved, for Mount Vernon, 28. 427.

Ozley, —, of Philadelphia, 16. 347 n

P

Paca, Capt . Aquila, at court-martial, 6. 194.

Paca, Gov . William,* Congress, committee, 6. 290 n 16. 156 n nonstate recruiting 9. 84 n Digby, 26. 118, 128; Chesapeake Bay depredations, 195; congratulations, 195; circular to, 483 n Verme, 27. 166 n ball for Washington, 286 n Washington's visit, 28. 14 n Potomac Company, 34, 46; Pine, 143; ratification, 29. 472 n federal judgeship, 30. 471, 484, 485 n new commission, 31. 10.

Pack horses, for military baggage, batmen, 1. 132, 140, 142, 2. 49, 61, 89, 206, 212, 228, 257, 258, 270, 273, 285, 9. 421, 11. 162.

Pack saddles, Washington's orders, 2. 168, 190, 191; returns on captured, 10. 455; military requirement, 14. 50; for Highlands operations, 15. 351.

Packano Hill, Pa., 15. 16.

Packard, —, shipmaster, 28. 233 n 240.

Packard, Joseph, jr ., acknowledgment to, 3. 454 n

Packet, —, bears letter, 30. 133.

Packet boats, colonial, to England, 2. 385; intercepted, 3. 477, 478, 500; to headquarters, 26. 201, 250, 264, 330, 27. 23; wartime, from New York, 215.

Paduasoy, orders, 3. 90, 28. 223 n 30. 114 n 138.

Page, Ensign —, resignation, 18. 415 n

Page, —, Jerusalem artichokes, 29. 183.

Page, —, Alexandria tavern, 30. 177 n

Page, —, of Philadelphia (?). stage coach for presidential party, 31. 152, 390, 32. 157.

Page, Lieut . Carter, movements, 11. 245; service, 245 n

Page, John [d. 1774?], Waite, 2. 388; bill of exchange, 3. 217, 235; account, estate, 37. 500, 510.

Page, Gov . John,* Dismal Swamp, 2. 411 n 28. 286; Lee on, 4. 451 n information, 9. 106, 112, 300, 301, 354; Rowland, 355; Filson's work, 28. 101; Washington on relations, 286; Congress, 30. 156; Mrs. Anderson, 33. 434 n Washington's affairs, 34. 313, 37. 82; French privateersman, letter, 34. 430, 430 n Ball, 37. 150, 151.

Page, Lilias, acknowledgment to, 15. 338 n

Page, Lieut . ( Capt .) Peter, assault on, 11. 376; service, 376 n resignation, 18. 415 n

Page, William T., commissioner, 1. vii, 38. iii; acknowledgment to, 1. liii.

Page family, Loudoun and Fauquier land, 12. 269.

Pagoda, in presidential mansion, 31. 126, 139, 148.

Pails, for camp, 10. 190.

Paine, Elijah,* address, 35. 333.

Paine, Robert Treat [1], Congress, committee, 4. 117 n

Paine, Robert Treat [2] (Thomas),* poem, 34. 302; oration, 37. 350, 351.

Paine, Thomas,* effect of Common Sense , 4. 297, 455; invitation and appreciation, 24. 71, 27. 146; pamphlet for army, 25. 176; on British and periods of seven years, 176 n relief, 27. 420–423; French Revolution, letter, Burke controversy, 31. 56 n 302; Humphreys, 80; British bridge, 242; Rights of Man , gift, comment, 32. 38, 39, on cheap reprint, letter, 39 n abusive public and private letters to Washington, 35. 359, 359 n Cobbett's reply, 360 n Horry's reply, 36. 255, 256; Adams on, 37. 120 n

Paint, for Mount Vernon, 2. 331, 3. 155, 5. 38, 39, 25. 23, 302, 27. 175, 28. 492, 29. 179, 268, 31. 73, 32. 232, 259, 282, 302, 303, 318, 330, 341, 447, 462, 33. 147, 35. 286, 306, 37. 5; brushes, 2, 331; army painters, 5. 38, 39; Alexandria house, 33. 317; order from England, 35. 308; federal district houses, 37. 382, 386–388; memorandum on mixing, 584, 585. See also Sand.

Painted Post , N.Y., Iroquois conference, 32. 9.

Painter, Maj . Elisha, courts-martial, cashiered, appeal, 13. 71, 73, 73 n 171, 189, 17. 453; service, 13. 73 n 17. 453 n

Painter, Maj . Gamaliel, superintendent of artificers, 8. 16.

Paintings, order, 2. 23. See also Pictures; Portraits.

Palatines, plan for frontier settlers, 3. 185–190, 193–196, 203; importation as business, 194 n servants, 27. 367, 429, 28. 386.

Paleske, Charles Godfrey, consul general, 32. 141 n

Palfrey, Lieut. Col . William,* Let's aide, 3. 342; seizure of loyal officials, 4. 68 n and securing prize, 132; Washington's aide, 369, 381; later career, 381 n drafts written by, 405 n 504 n paymaster general, 473 n 5. 3, 12; for Philadelphia, 4. 507; and Hancock's claim, 5. 353; office, 6. 37, 12. 57; pay abstracts, 6. 43, 291; funds, 311, 312, 488, 7. 52, 9. 293, 10. 418; to settle accounts, 7. 315; regulations of department, 380, facing 388, 430; ordered to camp, 10. 211; condition of department, 396; pay for Virginia levies, 15. 385; general arrangement of accounts, 457; frontier troops pay arrears, 16. 477, 486.

Palings, for Mount Vernon, 28. 465. See also Fences.

Palisades, for trenches, 23. 204.

Pallas , U. S. S., 11. 215 n

Palmer, —, British commissary, exchange, 7. 107.

Palmer, —, of Pennsylvania, depredation on, 9. 88.

Palmer, —, of New York (?), missing letter for, 28. 94.

Palmer, —, of Philadelphia, shoes, 30. 182.

Palmer, Lieut . Edmund, British spy, Putnam's execution, 9. 56 n 91.

Palmer, Lieut . Edward, prosecuted for military seizure, 18. 340 n resignation, 19. 164; service, 164 n

Palmer, John M., advisory committee, 1. ix.

Palmer, John Pierce, Massachusetts quartermaster general, 3. 315 n

Palmer, Joseph,* Washington's powers, 3. 380 n 405, 441–44; letter to, 457 n

Palmer, Solomon, captured, 26. 273 n

Palmer, Thomas, commissioner at Fort Montgomery, 5. 123 n

Palmer, William, court-martial, 13. 137.

Palmer & Co., London merchants, 2. 395.

Palmers Tavern, Pa., 9. 18.

Palmetto, seeds for Mount Vernon, 28. 182, 406.

Paltsits, Victor H., advisory committee, 1. ix; Washington's Farewell Address , 32. 45 n

Pamela, Luther, case, 25. 325.

Pan American Union, Bulletin , 3. 301 n

Panicum, for Mount Vernon, 32. 327.

Pannell, William, court-martial, 8. 269.

Panton, William, Creek intrigue, 32. 117, 128.

Paoli, Pa., action, wounded in British hands, 9. 244; Wayne inquiry and trial, 352, 361, 421, 422, 491, 10. 99.

Paper, Washington's watermark, 1. xlviii; private orders, 2. 331, 3. 141; military need, supply, 5. 335, 353, 9. 361, 10. 164, 354, 520, 11. 111, 260, 389, 14. 177, 16. 391, 21. 307, 485; makers of thin, sought, 11. 430; for surgeons, 12. 375; for headquarters, 19. 321, 340; for Mount Vernon reports, 33. 53; for provisional commander in chief, 36. 486.

Paper money, intercolonial exchange, l. 245, 250, 419, 430, 2. 191, 238, 3. 43; size of bills in pay, 1. 429, 527, 2. 31, 239; printing colonial, 93 n protest of English merchants, order against, 2. 399, 403; condition and value of Virginia colonial, 506, 3. 114; first continental issue, need, slow signing, 296, 297, 299, 4. 117, 124, 166; payment for military supplies, refusal, and impressment, 5. 133, 6. 399, 421, 10. 296; depreciation, causes, problems, 6. 426 n 7. 39, 10. 60, 126, 346, 354, 12. 326, 13. 21, 56–59, 80, 162, 335, 408, 424, 428, 467, 14. 7, 312, 353, 365, 437, 15. 6, 26, 39, 59, 61, 98, 180, 16. 165 n 321, 18. 439 n 21. 106, 22. 467, 28. 505, 506, 517; supporting credit, 6. 504; Loan Office and state, 7. 39 n 13. 410; Washington and payments in, 9. 282, 15. 376, 16. 124, 165, 166, 289–291, 17. 413, 414, 19. 134, 22. 414, 29. 189; prisoners of war accounts, 9. 482, 11. 40, 216, 217, 218 n French alliance and retirement, 11. 394; future, 457; price of forage, 12. 179; troops and depreciation, 484; redemption plans, repudiation, 13. 465, 16. 153; withdrawal of emissions and pay, 14. 13, 16, 56, 141, 289; metallic resumption opposed, 394 n need of state bolstering, 432; peril in redundancy, 16. 29, 214; retired issue, collection, transportation, 60, 157, 158; scale of depreciation, 165 n 321, 17. 413; liquidation of pay depreciation, 63, 86, 18. 209, 311, 315, 329, 19. 411, 503, 505, 20. 3, 232, 302, 21. 204, 22. 149, 239, 23. 276, 474; Laurens and Washington on cessation of issue, 17. 73, 73 n prepared information for enemy, 18. 83; old and new issues, 151; exchange, 234 n 29. 59 n depreciation, pay arrears, and threats, 18. 430; pay in new issue, 503, 22. 40, 228; French demands, Adams-Vergennes correspondence, 21. 13, 13 n need of central control, 22. 481; bank notes, interest, 26. 17, 30. 114, 32. 97; Virginia postbellium contest, 28. 230, 232, 336, 29. 50, 122, 129; Maryland contest, comment, 108, 123, 163–165, 169; Rhode Island, effect, 139. See also Funds; Specie; Stay and tender.

Papers of Washington, earlier editions of Writings , 1. xxxv; basis of biographies, xxxvi; purpose of present edition, xxxvi; general orders, xxxvi [ see also this title]; text of present edition, xxxvii; spelling, xxxvii; letter books, changes, transcripts, xxxviii, 108 n 2. 211 n [ see also Varick, Richard]; state of manuscripts, l. xxxix; history, xl, xli, xlix-li, 37. 284 n main collection, 1. xli, li, Washington's treatment, xlii; Revolutionary, textual character, xliii-xlix, 10. 221 n authorship, 1. xlv; penmanship, xlv; presidential, xlviii; letter-copying machine, xlviii, 24. 149 n 356, 35. 492, 36. 18, 19, 57; paper, 1. xliv; final military, xlviii; retreat and removal, 5. 427, 452, 6. 12, 434, 492; return, 434, 8. 10; headquarters and private, 14. 129, 130, 133; recording secretary [ see Varick, Richard]; and history of Revolution, 25. 288, 27. 52, 371, 398, 28. 203; transportation to Mount Vernon, 27. 20, 21, 181, 237–239, 271; Washington and secret congressional, 155; secrecy of letters, 174; stolen in mail, recovery, 220, 221, 228, 228 n disorder of private, 28. 84, 148, 472; extracts for publication, 30. 329, 31. 225, 32. 41, 233, 234 n Congress and public, 32. 15 n Washington's care, house for, 35. 283, 431; retaining official, 36. 1, 12; clerk, 148, 150, 165–167, 172, 176, 178; arranging, 113, 373, 381; disposal in will, 37. 284; list, 38. xiii, 39. 749. See also Messages.

Papier-mâché, order, 2. 23.

Pappaoosequaw, R. I., hospital for French, 19. 95.

Parade, brigade, 3. 428; right of line, 6. 152; with full equipment, 233; punctuality, 7. 140; grounds, 392, 12. 50, 231, 17. 320, 19. 109, 348, 397, 20. 34, 142, 22. 271; duty of brigade majors, 8. 143; daily regimental, 155; divisional grand, 185, 213; officers, neglect, 359, 402, 11. 431, 433; fog, 8. 370, 9. 35; for march, 10. 118; guard regulations, 11. 400; time and music, 12. 393; surgeons and attendance, 24. 400. See also Guards; Review.

Paramus, N. J., supplies for British, 7. 179; loyalist attack, 8. 72; route by, 478, 487 13. 295, 366, 19. 401, 22. 465, 23. 42; Lee trial, 12. 162; headquarters, letters and orders from, 166–182, 13. 370–376, 19. 277, 279, 20. 129–136, 140; post, winter, instructions, 13. 362, 376, 445, 446, 14. 119, 168, 236, 16. 279 n , 422, 430, 17. 111 n , 210, 301; wounded at, 18. 162; detachment, 240, 305; British surprise and occupation, 271, 474, 492; road repairs, 20. 11.

Parcels, John, detail, 18. 162.

Pardon, deserters, policy, futility, 2. 122, 126, 7. 364, 8. 177, 9. 30, 166, 18. 236, 281; capital offenders, 6. 103, 7. 353, 405, 9. 44, 80, 99, 100, 170, 492, 10. 63, 11. 65, 356, 12. 58, 348, 13. 167, 171, 14. 377, 460, 467, 475. 15. 105, 17. 87, 138, 491, 18. 47, 48, 422 n , 451, 19. 164, 477, 20. 179, 222, 228, 253, 21. 123, 22. 181, 183, 438, 455, 488, 23. 329, 24. 31, 25. 87, 142, 205; of pseudo loyalists, 7. 404; for depredations, 8. 452; general, occasions, 9. 30, 88, 11. 362, 26. 103, 465; officers, 11. 89, 465, 12. 48, 18. 64; from whipping, 14. 424, 25. 252, 292, 26. 372, 373; as result of confession, 15. 49 n ; granted, 18. 3; delegation of power, 19. 461; presidential, refused, 31. 62; power in federal military cases, 35. 160, 180; Whiskey Insurrection, 417 n . See also Amnesty; Commutation; Reprieve.

Paris, slave, at presidential mansion, 37. 573.

Paris, Richard. See Pearis.

Paris, treaty of. See Peace.

Paris Archives, Affaires Étrangères, États Unis, material from, 13. 225 n .

Parish, Isaac, hats for Washington, 14. 128, 129 n , 30. 254 n , 37. 96.

Parish, John, as consul, and Monroe, 35. 154, 36. 210; favor, 66.

Parke, Maj . —, rangers, 8. 131.

Parke, Maj . John, of Pennsylvania, quartermaster department, 3. 427, 456, 4. 465, 37. 523; court of inquiry, 4. 188; service, 188 n ; artificers corps, 5. 197, 270.

Parke, Lieut. Col . John,* of Delaware, leave, 5. 342; appointment, 6. 493; service, 493 n , 11. 245 n , 12. 301 n ; suspension, court of inquiry, 11. 245, 464, 12. 29; march orders, 191; return to regiment, 301; poem dedicated to Washington, 29. 182 n ; federal office, 30. 413.

Parke, Capt-.Lieut . Theophilus, court-martial, cashiered with infamy, 18. 51, 51 n , 149, 161.

Parke, Capt . William, court-martial, 23. 218; service, 218 n .

Parker, —, of Staten Island, 17, 381.

Parker, Maj . Alexander, resignation, 31. 79.

Parker, Daniel,* provisions contract, change, 25. 418, 495, 496, 26. 162, 459, 460, 466, 468; movements, 60, 309; Washington's uniform, 60, 243; rations for released prisoners of war, 74; introduction, commended, 212; plan for pay in merchandise, 213; pass to New York City, 302; proposed advance of army pay, 309; inspection of British embarkations, slaves, 364, 365, 370, 412–414, 455, 465, 499–501, 27. 27, 28. 121, 283; New York goods for Washington, accounts, 27. 20, 21, 25, 68, 150, 151, 154, 28. 16; frontier magazines, countermand, 27. 72, 122; information from Carleton, 204, 206, 222; news, 31. 128.

Parker, Ensign Daniel, court-martial, cashiered, 25. 44.

Parker, George, fort, 1. 222, 226, 230, 490.

Parker, Capt . ( Adm .) Hyde, before New York City (1776), 4. 351 n ; arrival of squadron (1778), 12. 390 n , 398.

Parker, John, of Virginia, protection, 1. 398.

Parker, John,* of Pennsylvania, paymaster, 9. 168; edition of congressional journals, 36. 178, 179, 298.

Parker, Capt . John, of New Hampshire, position, 3. 370.

Parker, Ensign ( Lieut., Capt .) Jonas, courts-martial, cashiered, 4. 89, 21. 138; promotion, 13. 470, 14. 202; service, 13. 470 n .

Parker, Col . Josiah,* at court-martial, 9. 304; service, 304 n , 11. 464 n ; court of inquiry, 10. 67; at court of inquiry, 11. 464; ordered to camp, 481; G. A. Washington, 28. 27; office, 30. 413; and appointment, 32. 174; publication of confidential papers, 35. 118. See also Virginia Fifth.

Parker, Lieut . Levi, transfer, 24. 251; service, 251 n .

Parker, Capt . Oliver, company, 3. 358; court-martial, 383, 397.

Parker. Capt . Paul, brigade major, 9. 354.

Parker, Sir Peter, defeat before Charleston, 5. 314–316, 318, 360, 364 n , 382, 383, 400; and Clinton. 383.

Parker, Lieut . Phineas, assaulted, 12. 299; service, 299 n .

Parker, Ralph H., acknowledgment to, 37. 575 n .

Parker, Maj . ( Lieut. Col., Col .) Richard,* skirmish, 7. 66; services, 66 n , 11. 126 n , 12. 300 n ; promotion, 7. 312; at court-martial, 10. 94 n ; regimental command, 11. 126; regiment brigaded, 12. 215; light corps, 300; and duel, 13. 328; to southern army, 15. 17–19; bears letter, 18. See also Virginia First.

Parker, Maj . Samuel Franklin, engineer duty, 6. 216.

Parker, Thomas,* Washington's Gloucester lands, 32. 335.

Parker, Col . Thomas,* of Winchester, army appointment, 36. 378, 379, 37. 107, 121 n ; letter for, 182, 183; Butler, 202; selection of officers, 204, 336; cantonment, 379–381, 393, 401–405, 407–417, 419–421, 423, 452; rank, 392, 393; Washington's western lands, 427.

Parker, Sergt . Wyman, mutiny, court-martial, 24. 227 n , 228, 248, 249.

Parkers Ford, Schuylkill River, movement, 9. 237, 239, 242, 262.

Parkinson (Parsons), Richard,* Strickland, 35. 505; and lease of Mount Vernon farms, 36. 80, 106, 167, 37. 4, 6–9, 24; agricultural work, 36. 80, 81.

Parkinsons Ferry, Pa., meeting, 34. 1 n .

Parkman, Francis, Montcalm and Wolfe , 2. 264 n ; Conspiracy of Pontiac , 403 n .

Parks, —, express, 36. 447.

Parks, Andrew,* Harriet Washington and marriage, 35. 14–18; sketch, 16 n .

Parks, David, abused, 16. 385.

Parks, Harriet (Washington). uncle's bequest, 37. 292. See also Washington, Harriet.

Parks, John, son, 35. 16 n .

Parks, Capt . ( Maj .) Warham,* inoculated, 5. 82; company, 181, 437; service, 181 n ; resignation, 11. 29.

Parliament, proposed tax act for frontier forts, 1. 336 n ; control over colonies, 3, 230 n , 233, 237 n –241 n , 242; act on prisoners of war, 8. 133, 221 n ; reconciliation bills, 11. 277, 281; power over war, 475; and peace, 114. front ., 25. 16, 22, 151, 180. 435, 446, 26. 17, 18, 25, 27–29, 44, 77, 104; election, 27. 417.

Parman, Francis, mares, 31. 73 n .

Parmer, Philip, British barbarity, 7. 228.

Parole, explained, 1. 175 n , 3. 306 n ; significant, 305, 4. 36, 37, 87, 116, 119, 223, 246. 285, 400, 5. 105, 436, 437, 6. 64, 8. 422, 503, 9. 157, 251, 377, 11. 356, 12. 111 n , 13 472, 14. 443, 15. 67, 87, 431, 432, 16. 270, 419, 424, 480, 17. 121, 321, 18. 249, 283, 290, 292, 295, 296, 315, 318, 349, 486, 489, 502, 503, 19. 220, 289, 20. 47, 71, 81, 96, 188, 256, 257, 288, 22. 325, 327, 332, 397, 398, 23. 37, 146, 148, 152, 153, 177, 238, 239, 244, 251, 252, 254, 262, 257, 25. 24, 93, 158, 285, 26. 101, 263, 337, 471; various alphabetical systems begin, 3. 308, 376, 425, 5. 164, 218, 437, 7. 0022 503 121, 8. 41, 202, 10. 309, 12. 171, 259, 324, 495, 13. 4, 395, 460, 14. 2, 33, 106, 179, 261, 293, 399, 15. 4, 131, 255, 16. 11, 57, 108, 207, 308, 17. 7, 404, 18. 2, 22. 270, 25. 7, 317, 27. 25; regulations, 4. 20; carrying to guard, 6. 41, 18. 177, 20. 188; improper divulgence, 8. 177; one and two, 16. 57; hour for issuing, 22. 329; place names, 336, 23. 5, 24. 447, 25. 7, 39, 317, 26. 3, 344, 424, 27. 6, 25; advance information, 25. 204, 263, 341; last, 27. 28.

Paroles of prisoners of war, British officers on, travel, restrictions, as menace, 4. 48, 151, 5. 66, 118, 6. 414 n , 7. 379, 13. 208, 211; unauthorized, 4. 217; violators, general board on, collection, exchange, 5. 323 n , 358, 455, 6. 130, 260, 7. 275, 293, 491, 8. 108, 337, 338, 14. 53, 69, 15. 311, 317, 321, 412–414, 16. 130, 132, 175, 242, 325, 326, 337, 361, 17. 47, 89, 18. 201, 19. 160, 20. 69, 22. 496; complaints, 5. 342; refused, 378, 370; question, 391, 394, 13. 425 n , 18. 169; Canadian expedition officers, 6. 349, 357, 359, 390, 7. 224, 242, 8. 290, 354, 419, 9. 24 n ; and appointment, 7. 294; pay, supernumerary officers, 8. 111, 290, 354, 419, 9. 67, 74, 116, 22. 164; Governor Franklin, 8. 474, 476, 497, 498; British officers' special passes to New York, 9. 177, 15. 319, 19. 250, 20. 155, 185, 445, 22. 73, 74, 92, 242, 248, 23. 439, 442, 24. 342; special officers, 10. 1, 7, 64, 112, 118, 119, 25. 404; held up by movement, 12. 314; wounded British officers, 13. 18; Convention troops removal and voiding of American officers', 13. 54, 258, 258 n , 405, 406; proposed rescue of officers on, 14. 101; regulations, tariff, 15. 36; to get necessities for prisoners of war, 456; Convention troops generals, detained, 16. 82, 83, 188, 213, 214, 361, 390, 394, 454–457, 459, 17. 13, 14, 163–165, 173; special temporary, extension, 325, 326, 341, 342, 352, 401, 411 n . 18. 28, 62, 68, 69, 195, 201, 216, 222, 238, 475, 480; returned refugee, 17. 341; obligation, 18. 93; to Europe, refused, 19. 69, 25. 45, 46; movements and residence of British officers, 19. 458, 459, 25, 240, 257; Burgoyne's, 21. 464. 474 n , 22. 18, 20, 21; Yorktown officers, cartel ship, 23. 255, 256, 260, 268, 274, 275, 313, 326, 337, 347; of soldiers, difficulty, 497, 24. 468; refused British officer for visiting purposes, 37; soldiers ordered to duty, 304; British officers and horses, 324; rank question, 394; British band to Baltimore theater, 432, 433; and irregular intercourse, 25. 148 n ; after militia excursion, 26. 105, 105 n ; marine prisoners of war, 201; French, 310. See also Prisoners of war.

Parr, Capt . ( Maj .) James (Thomas),* company, 8. 343 n ; rifle corps, 15. 45, 17. 57, 85, 99, 19. 252, 20. 153, 22. 258, 427; service, 15. 45 n , 18. 290 n ; light corps, 191, 20. 202; at court-martial, 18. 290; officer of the day, 404, 452, 19. 99; advance guard, 100; maneuvers, 126; post and patrol, 20. 141, 187, 202; checking trade with enemy, 385; retention of corps, winter quarters, 402.

Parr, Thomas. See Parr, James.

Parrish, John. See Parish.

Parrish, Robert, bears letter, 31. 56.

Parrot, Lieut . Jacob, court-martial, cashiered, 8. 23.

Parrot, Washington's, 37. 577.

Parry, Gov . David,* G. A. Washington, 28. 153.

Parsnips, crop, 29. 227, 232.

Parsons, Capt . David, Kings Ferry redoubts, 17. 150; service, 150 n .

Parsons, Capt . Hezekiah, fatigue duty, 6. 134.

Parsons, Samuel, court-martial, 3. 514.

Parsons, Col . ( Gen .) Samuel Holden,* regiment brigaded, 3. 355, 376, 4. 275, 512, 535, 5. 89, 263, 299; new establishment of regiment, 4. 190; charges against, 105; proposed resignation, 105, 10. 309, 11. 24, 25; march to New York, 4. 4444; muster, 5. 12; whaleboat detail, 78; fatigue, 81, 208, 16, 328; at courts-martial, 5. 126, 141, 156, 181, 207, 208; murder of brother. 173; brigadier, 381 n , 421; to headquarters, 402; brigade major, 424, 438, 502; brigade, in division, 422, 423, 502, 6. 4, 52, 208, 7. 355, 12. 194, 217, 409, 18. 190; councils of war: retreat from Long Island 5. 0023 504 502 n , 508, 509; 1778 plans, 12. 231 n ; punishments, 344 n ; Rhode Island campaign, 388 n ; inspector general department, 438 n ; winter quarters, 13. 85 n ; mustermaster department, 15. 488; 1779 plans, 489, 490, 490 n ; 1780 plans, 20. 9 n ; 1781 plans, 22. 204 n ;—and evacuation of New York City, 6. 46 n ; Kips Bay affair, 58; post after evacuation, 67, 71, 265; casualty returns, 278 n ; New Jersey campaign, 384, 385, 407; Highlands defense, works, 7. 93, 8. 82, 124, 140, 164, 259, 9. 400 n , 401 n , 10. 129, 213, 11. 35, 69, 91 n , 104, 12. 217, 14. 413, 457, 458, 466, 487, 495, 15. 41, 51, 137, 141, 167, 168, 174, 286, 306, 347; Long Island raids, 7. 119, 120, 129, 306, 8. 82, 124, 125, 139, 151, 164; inoculation of troops, 7. 128–131, 8. 259; recruiting affairs, 7. 156, 259, 276, 307, 331. 354, 355, 397, 439, 456, 489, 8. 81, 97, 10. 310, 17. 187, 19. 38, 42–44, 94, 139, 140, 260, 385, 21. 244, 269, 23. 433; recovery of arms, 7. 167; and local defense, guarding stores, 8, 27. 81, 96, 124, 140, 14. 413; detachment courts-martial, 8. 26, 21. 232; brigade for New Jersey (1777), countermand, 8. 235, 259, 272, 311, 325, 326, 329. 331, 335, 340, 357; on capture of Prescott, 421; leave, absence deprecated, return, 10. 308, 310, 14. 90, 16. 145, 18. 251, 21. 356; repair of arms, forage, 11. 25; plan to capture Clinton, 29, 51; plan against New York (1778), 178; excessive furloughs, 228; Hammell affair, 479; report (1778), 12. 71; La Neuville, 223, 227; brigade inspector, 248; ranking board, 333, 15. 466. 467, 472, 16. 251; eastward march, 13. 107, 126 n , 130, 134, 148, 175, 216 n ; officers under new arrangement, 259, 14. 395, 21. 213, 275; winter quarters, march, 13. 270, 285, 340, 346, 351, 367, 17. 118, 119, 186; clothing, 13. 285–287, 491–496, 16. 229, 17, 156; on condemned deserter, letter, 14. 467 n ; and British raid in Connecticut, letter, 15. 382, 383, 389, 394–396, 407, 408, 408 n , 416, 419, 420, 425, 16. 32. 59; Lloyd Neck affair, later plan, 71, 96, 22. 10 n ; Pomeroy, 16. 32, 358; leave for Huntington, 17. 150; Kings Ferry redoubts, 156, 157; general returns of state line, 219: draft written by, 219 n ; detachment advanced line, intelligence, intercourse, letter, 251, 256, 257, 285, 286, 303, 304, 321, 328, 19. 223 n , 488; Staten Island, 17. 286; on British generals to South, letter, 304 n ; line affairs before Connecticut legislature, 18. 118, 250; captured son, naval officer, 251; slandered, 341: volunteer companies, 19. 260; to main army, 501. 20. 353, 22. 9, 13; Andre trial, autograph, 20. front .; officer of the day, 65, 22. 286, 332, 361, 397, 412, 482, 485, 499; major general, 20. 262, 398; division, aides, 485, 21. 45, 275 n , 22. 27 n ; prisoners of war, 21. 31, 274; suppression of mutiny, 91, 139, 140. 238, 263; Morrisania raid, 139, 152, 160, 166, 172; loyalist plot letter, 275, 276, 311, 355, 356, 356 n , 401; ill, 401, 22. 28; pay arrears, 28; division in field (1781), march, 231, 232; on condition of Connecticut troops, 267, 276; in proposed surprise attack, 300, 330; Waterbury's movements, 362, 363; reconnoiter in force, 409 n , 37. 554; on Yorktown, 23. 433; resignation, leave, retirement on half-pay, 24. 78, 79. 298, 299, 416, 416 n ; active service, 86; Ohio Company, 29. 412. 30. 14. See also Connecticut brigades; Tenth Infantry.

Parsons, William, court-martial, 14. 376, 377.

Partisans, corps, 10. 192, 11. 206.

Partridges, for Mount Vernon, 29. 59, 74, 93.

Parvin, Mathew, military stores conductor, 25. 172.

Pasavent, Mrs . —, charge against Mrs. Washington, 2. 419.

Pascal, —, Genêt's secretary, 33. 87 n .

Pasquotank County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236, 22. 311.

Passaic Falls, N. J., British supplies, 7. 165, 179.

Passaic River, guarding ferry, 5. 218; communication across, 354; retreat over, 6. 296; bridges, 20. 274. See also Preakness.

Passamaquoddy Indians.* talk, 4. 281 n , 292; attitude, use, 6. 434.

Passem, Maj . — de, mercenary, exchange, 13. 361.

Passes, restriction before Boston, 3. 366; requirement against roaming, 384, 385, 10. 207, 11. 85, 195, 271, 25. 355; forged, 5. 81, 8. 268; granting at New York City, 5. 244, 267, 287, 314, 340; artillery, 320; ferries, 367, 6. 80, 9. 68; civil officials, 5. 400, 401; by general officers only, 505; rangers, 6. 120; through the lines at New York (1777), 7. 478, 8. 106 n , 198, 9. 68, 104, 298 n ; (1779), 14. 203, 15. 264 n , 16. 206, 17. 163, 167; (1780), 503, 18. 230, 344, 19. 174; (1782), 24. 233 n , 272, 464 n , 467, 25. 202, 236 n ; (1783), 26. 134, 135, 136 n , 148, 302; no more to women, 7. 478; abuse, irregular, censure, 9. 159, 16. 386, 18. 144, 145, 19. 397, 20. 303, 309, 348, 25. 33, 104 n , 113, 122, 153, 213, 234, 240, 323, 26. 274, 274 n ; to paroled British officers, 9. 177, 15. 319, 19. 250, 20. 155. 185, 445, 22. 73, 74, 92, 242, 248, 23. 439, 442, 24. 342; detention by British, 9. 240; refused for temporary return of refugee, 296; Bryan Fairfax, 298 n ; through the lines at Philadelphia, 10. 78, 93, 176, 354, 357, 412, 11. 12 n , 65, 155, 421, 434, 482; regulations, 10. 207; for medical treatment, 527, 528; at camp, 11. 85, 195, 271; medical department, 281; restrictions before New York, formalities, 12. 338, 13. 329, 330, 377, 380, 414, 444, 446, 500, 14. 15, 207, 247, 327, 441, 15. 118, 162, 16. 308, 365, 434, 474, 17. 257, 18. 7; provost duties, 13. 68; and illicit trade, 14. 98, 99, 101; texts of marine, 16. 284, 20. 449; to British messengers, 18. 202, 26. 311; right to grant to refugees, 18. 421; civil authorization, 441, 20. 422, 24. 46, 47, 92, 102, 298, 340, 360, 361, 397 n , 433, 25. 7, 113 n , 126, 174, 202, 318, 26. 1, 2, 10, 218, 219, 244, 320; British, to Charleston, exiles, 20. 248, 248 n , 356, 24. 270, 273, 296, 326, 327, 400; as protecting military criminal, 21. 114; British complaint of treatment, 22. 150; camp civilian, 270, 334, 336, 444, 461, 462, 501; British agent, funds, escort, 23. 373 n , 418, 24. 21–24; congressional veto, 270, 320; paroled prisoners, 342; field camp regulations, Purple Heart exceptions, 25. 34, 97, 130; horses forbidden, 113; servants, 236 n ; for interviews, 276 n , 282, 409; request, to Bermuda, 26. 118, 128; through British controlled waters, 262, 312; text to New York, 302, 303; Boston to Philadelphia (1776), 37. 513 n . See also Intercourse with the enemy.

Passports, Creek chiefs, 31. 20. See also preceding title.

Passwater, William, discharge, 1. 256, 284.

Pasteur, Lieut . Thomas, adjutant, 16. 271; service, 271 n .

Pasturage, regulation of army, conservation, 12. 496, 18. 156, 156 n , 19. 56, 63, 21. 484; condition of Mount Vernon, 33. 363. See also Grass.

Patents, loom, 31. 310; early, 352 n ; consideration, 32. 499; cotton gin, 33. 294 n ; to citizens only, Priestley, 35. 21.

Paterson, —, hides commissary, court-martial, 16. 386.

Paterson, Col . ( Gen .) John,* regiment, 3. 339; services, 339 n ; post before Boston, 356, 4. 362; at courts-martial, 3. 418, 4. 88, 89, 95, 305, 13. 140; Lechmere Point, 4. 130; new establishment of regiment, 190; brigaded, 275; march to New York, 390, 391, 394; for Canada, 478–482, 485, 495, 500, 512, 529, 5. 2; brigadier, commission, 7. 237, 237 n , 9. 146; recruiting affairs, 7. 237, 489, 12. 254, 26. 10, 11; station (1777), 7. 384, 486, 8. 6, 9. 468 n ; Philadelphia campaign, 10. 83, 91, 101; Fort Mercer, 84; brigade, in division, 94, 12. 215, 409, 17. 104, 18. 190, 21. 45, 22. 231, 25. 384; councils of war: assault on Philadelphia, 10. 103 n ; 1778 plans, 11. 283 n , 12. 231 n ; Monmouth campaign, 75 n , 115 n , 117 n ; punishments 344 n ; Rhode Island campaign, 388 n ; winter quarters, 13. 85 n ; mustermaster department, 15. 488 n ; 1780 plans, 20. 9 n ; Southern campaign and winter quarters, 272 n , 273 n ; 1781 plans, 22. 204 n ; 1782 plans, 24. 125 n ;—time-expired men, 10. 166, 14. 241; brigade major and inspector, 10. 514, 11. 174, 377; administers oath, 361; in plan of march (1778), 465; pay of brigade, 12. 23; Monmouth campaign, 74, 90, 107; position before New York, 217; at Ticonderoga trials, 321; brigade flag, 365 n , 408; eastward march, 13. 112, 134, 196; clothing, 163, 167, 192, 198 n , 215 n , 330; winter quarters, march, 289, 290, 320, 346, 351, 366, 368, 371, 372, 374; leave, 14. 157 n ; Highlands defense, works, 15. 141, 167, 465, 22. 84, 85, 89, 92, 100 n ; 0025 506 Verplancks Point operations, 15. 428, 429; light-corps troops, 462, 467; ranking board, 466, 25. 326, 348; watermen, 15. 502; fatigue, 16, 11; new arrangement, error, 18. 128, 20. 83, 196, 197; field of service, 19. 193; officer of the day, 347, 380, 415, 438. 476, 20. 9. 32, 74, 96, 112, 129, 151, 186, 222, 256, 264, 288, 320, 341, 358, 379, 392. 22. 299, 336, 381, 420, 455, 485, 23. 5, 25. 116, 134, 143, 158, 178, 262, 282, 26. 329. 353, 363, 371, 400, 415, 429, 445, 454, 461, 481; rearguard, 19. 427 Andre trial, autograph, 20. front .; discharge of levies, 404; as brigadier, 491; orders court-martial, 22. 134; Indian negotiations, 24. 59; and active service, 86; provisions, letter, 158, 26. 459 n ; line of battle, 25. 85, 92; reform of regiments, 420, 439; aides, 26. 32 n , 270; Hay's house, 320 n ; retained in service, pay, 27. 34, 245 n , 246 n . See also Massachusetts brigades; Fifteenth Infantry.

Paterson, Atty. Gen . ( Gov., Justice ) William,* Ticonderoga trials 10. 518 n , 12. 321; appointment as justice, constitutional question, 32. 352, 353, 362, 363 n , 34. 166. 168; on amendment of judiciary act, 33. 272 n ; state portfolio, 34. 331, 348; judicial opinion on neutrality, 37. 575.

Paterson, N. J. See Preakness.

Patrick, Samuel, Clavis Homerica , inscribed copy, 2. 516 n .

Patrick County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Patriot , capture, 14. 443.

Patriotic Society, tab on representatives, comment, 29. 21–23, 66–69.

Patriotism, as military motive, 11. 286.

Patrol, roads to Philadelphia: militia, 10. 199, 226, 238, 246, 247, 340, 478, 479, 503, 522, 523, 525, 11. 114, 159, 236, 248, 370, 374, 388; cavalry, 10. 247 n , 11. 115; reward, depredations, graft, 10. 420, 478, 523, 11. 48, 12. 14; line detachment. impressment, intelligence, 11. 89, 90, 151; scouting, 155; passes, 155; and cartel negotiations, 209; south of city, 250; surprised, 345, 358; purpose, regulations, 357–359; arrests, 12. 14 [ see also Courts-martial (of civilians)];—before New York City (1778), 193 n , 228, 248, 271, 324; winter, instructions. 13. 340, 351, 377, 380, 444, 446, 456, 494, 495, 14. 86, 17. 116, 146, 147, 194, 202. 210, 478, 20. 408; relief, 14. 104; surprise, officer's absence as offense, 179, 180; coast vigilance, 15. 41; Smiths Clove, 246, 247, 255, 297. 298; vigilance during Washington's absence, 20. 67; along the Hudson, 107, 127, 130, 139; in New Jersey (1780), 141, 385, during early Yorktown march, 23. 13, 24, 43 n ; against stragglings and depredations, 25. 343, 355; misconduct, 386. See also Advanced lines; Provost; Scouting.

Patsey , passport, 16. 284.

Patten. See also Pattin; Patton.

Patten, Abraham, spy, executed, relief of family, 8. 243.

Patten, James, court-martial, 25. 410.

Patten, Capt . ( Maj .) John, of Delaware, bears letter. 11. 272; service, 272 n ; relief, 273; federal office, 31. 372.

Patten, Col . John, of North Carolina, officer court-martialed, 12. 415; regiment brigaded, 215; at courts-martial, 358, 13. 59, 73, 74, 106, 135; service, 12. 358 n , 13. 59 n ; winter post, 372; march warning, 14. 239; to West Point, 249; light-corps troops, 15. 462; return to camp, news, 17. 11, 12. See also North Carolina Second.

Patten, Col . John, of additional regiment. See Patton.

Patten, William, of Pennsylvania, commission, 6. 160.

Patterson, —, information on Wilmington, 9. 344, 345.

Patterson, Capt . Alexander,* assaulted, 8. 59; recruiting service, 10. 503, 505.

Patterson, Ensign Benjamin, court martial, cashiered, 8. 59.

Patterson, Lieut. Col . James. See Pattison.

Patterson, Sally, assaulted, damages, 5. 106, 144.

Patterson, Col . Samuel, Flying Camp, 6. 485; service, 485 n .

Patterson, Capt . Thomas, brigade major. 9. 439.

Patterson, Lieut . William,* of Virginia (?), escort of agents to prisoners of war, 10. 317, 443.

Patterson, Col . William,* of Pennsylvania militia, information for Iroquois expedition, fund, 14. 164 n , 168–170, 170 n . 174, 314–318, 368, 466, 15. 301; character, 14. 351, 352 n , 354, 406.

Patterson Creek, frontier conditions (1748), 1. 9; force and posts, 221, 222, 223, 226, 227, 230, 286, 294, 368, 490, 2. 45, 119; site for fort, 1. 248. 276; provisions, 282, 283; attack, 326; militia, 348, 372, 375, 376. 2. 72, 75; pay at, 1. 378; stores, 383; troops leave, 2. 24, 28, 29; accident, 177. See also Ashby, John; Cocke, William; Forts, frontier.

Pattin, William, of Massachusetts, court-martial, 3. 312, 316, 333.

Pattison, Lieut. Col . ( Gen .) James, Howe-Washington correspondence, Washington interview, 5. 297 n , 321 n –323 n , 356, 358; mission, 11. 496 n , 497; passes, 17. 163, 167; Woodford's parole, 19. 125.

Patton, James, county lieutenant, 1. 35 n .

Patton, James, note, 36. 258.

Patton, Col . John,* of additional regiment, raising regiment, command, 6. 493, 7. 60 n , 406, 419; officers, 10 n , 108, 327 n , 11. 109 n , 208 n , 245 n , 464 n , 12. 49 n , 83 n , 191 n , 301 n , 13. 55 n ; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 8. 60, 201, 269, 401, 403, 9. 191, 11. 224, 12. 49; ordered to camp, 8. 84; regiment brigaded, 100; regiment absorbed, 13. 55, 14. 250, 322, 354, 356 n ; troops to frontier, 322, 323. 352, 354, 356 n ; federal office, 31. 372. See also Additional regiments.

Patton, Col . John, of North Carolina. See Patten.

Patton, Capt.-Lieut . Thomas, command, 22. 80; service, 80 n .

Patuxent River, ferry, 27. 406.

Paul, Lieut . James, surprised, captured, 14. 345 n .

Paulding, James K., Washington material, 33. 286 n .

Paulding, John, André affair, reward, 20. 92, 93 n , 133, 378; captured, parole sought, 26. 105.

Paulding, Maj . Jonathan H., medical supplies, 21. 450.

Paulding, Joseph, to scrutinize camp visitors, 22. 462.

“Paulding,” abusive article over name, 35. 144.

Pauldings Ford, Pa., invalid corps, 12. 69.

Pauldings Precinct, Va., 13. 288 n .

Pauli, Lieut . —, journal (1764), 13. 432 n .

Paulint, Capt . Antoine, intelligence, 15. 445; service, 445 n ; Canadian refugee, rations, 26. 147.

Paulus Hook. See Powles Hook.

Pausch, Dr . Wilhelm, limited patrol to New York, 18. 475, 480; exchange, 19. 478.

Pawling, Maj . ( Lieut. Col .) Albert,* recruiting and command, 7. 34, 8. 305, 306; service, 305 n , 16. 44 n ; continuance in service, 14. 176; Delaware River expedition and Iroquois expedition, 15. 295, 341, 16. 44, 49, 108, 161, 210, 222, 239; state troops, 17. 36; Stony Point, Kings Ferry redoubts, 50, 61, 159, 191; on flour shortage and unrest, 163.

Pawlins Mill, Pa., headquarters, letters from, 9. 317, 318, 323, 326–333.

Pay and allowances, Virginia Regiment : effect on recruiting of delay, 1. 31; officers, complaints, 49–51, 59–03, 75, 97, 251, 2. 153; arrears, complaints, mutiny, 1. 102, 239, 242, 247, 248, 263, 265, 281, 381, 390, 402, 424, 527, 2. 38, 42, 48, 75. 80. 86, 282; 0027 508 stoppages, 96, 102, 172, 225, 229, 234, 258, 264, 265, 277, 281, 284, 357, 358, 363, 379, 383, 430, 456, 2. 15, 111, 207; to dead troops for coffins, 1. 183; 234; recruits, 190, 220, 234, 265, 266, 390; rangers, 221, 420, 2. 214, 219; discharged men, 1. 225; frontier posts, 234, 259, 285, 363, 373, 378, 383, 402; workmen, 260, 351, 401, 409; rolls, receipts, 278, 358, 373, 378; selective, 280, 378, 380; at depot, light horse, 358, 364, 367, 417; express, 358 n ; spending. 359; partial, lacking rolls, 364; advances, 382; Braddock road makers, 382, 398; inconvenience of large bills, 429, 527, 2. 31, 239; duplication in lists, 1. 437, 439, 460; complaint on small, stoppages dropped, 430–432, 453, 459; application, 2. 15; officers' allowances, 34, 35 n , 49, 61, 89, 206, 212, 228; credit, 103; difference in Virginia regiments, 206; surgeon mate, 207; and payment for small necessities, 239; delayed estimates, 299. See also Accounts; Funds.

Revolutionary : Washington, no pay, expense accounts, 3. 292, 26. 23, 172 n , 194, 244, 27. 98, 99, 178, 238, 292, 333–336, 382, 383, 29. 49; various staff:, 3. 349, 4. 197, 307, 506, 5. 50, 120, 156, 192, 243, 244, 252, 285, 6. 54, 282, 7. 36, 71, 150, 220, 247, 286, 336, 343, 426, 430, 432, 440, 479, 8. 21, 109, 273, 280 n , 300, 301, 339, 439, 10. 377, 389, 11. 242, 330, 12. 30–32, 232, 325, 332, 337, 13. 63, 420, 15. 251, 346, 352, 380, 386, 422, 16. 33, 121, 17. 160, 445–447, 19. 5, 6, 20, 294, 307, 398–400, 501, 21. 85, 203, 204, 212, 467, 22. 3, 4, 112, 129, 130, 135. 23. 62 n , 345, 412, 418, 500, 24. 14, 101, 366, 481, 25. 49, 172, 284, 289, 290, 375, 443, 475, 476, 26. 141, 229; Massachusetts troops (1775), fraud, delays, 3. 362, 381–383, 446, 460, 473, 474, 4. 95; regulations, 3. 413, 414, 8. 207; stoppage, for punishment, arms, clothing, difficulties, 3. 491, 4. 8, 8 n , 57, 85, 5. 61, 94, 157, 238, 6. 459, 475, 7. 365, 423, 8. 56, 210, 278, 361, 9. 88, 89, 379, 10. 299, 11. 270, 14. 16, 20. 97, 21. 355, 26. 189; officers' subsistence, 3. 502, 509, 510, 9. 38 n , 101, 10. 259, 421, 12. 34, 64, 68, 69, 299. 325, 332. 14. 30, 109, 16. 185 n , 203, 214, 389, 391, 17. 12, 79, 160, 258, 334, 19. 503, 20. 453, 21. 212, 23. 469, 25. 50, 416, 442, 478, 489, 496, 26. 6; early provincial differences, 3. 506–508; artificers, 506, 5. 177, 341, 10. 331, 13. 372, 15. 481, 24. 99, 26. 141, 37. 529; riflemen, Morgan's corps, 3. 507, 9. 71, 10. 93; lunar month, troubles, 3. 507, 4. 85, 129, 150; officers' regular pay, 3. 508, 4. 56 n , 95, 97, 388, 418, 6. 108, 112 n , 153, 156, 356, 434, 8. 206, 9. 68, 69, 81, 98, 379, 12. 30–32, 14. 28, 440, 37. 518; noncommissioned officers, 4. 57, 85, 5. 238, 337, 12. 30–32; arrears, problems, clothing: Boston siege, 3. 512, 513, 4. 174, 191, 194, 232, 473; New York and New Jersey campaigns, 5. 16, 143, 354, 382, 6. 23, 34, 37, 290 n , 295, 304, 434; (1777), 7. 244, 288, 480, 8. 304, 330, 367, 10. 23, 41; (1778), 396, 418, 442, 12. 22, 313, 13. 135, 316, 345; (1779), 14. 17, 18, 468, 473 n , 15. 117, 118, 384, 385, 16. 45, 76, 178, 185 n , 186, 214, 477, 486, 17. 44, 45, 335, 337; (1780), depreciation, threats, mutiny, 18. 249, 287, 289, 330, 430, 19. 36, 45, 503–506, 20. 284, 374; (1781), 21. 55, 62, 66–68, 113, 120, 135, 268, 391, 431–449, 481, 22. 28, 375, 7. 3. 140, 159, 362; (1782), memorial, 428, 436, 443, 444, 459, 492, 24. 28, 35, 43, 69, 371, 449, 25. 226–230, 231 n , 269, 284, 289, 290; (1783), notes, and furloughs, interest, 26. 26, 75, 221, 222, 231, 259, 351–353, 446, 466, 467, 472–475, 478, 479, 27. 33, 53 n , 129, 260, 262; certificates, interest arrears, depreciation, speculation, 26. 446, 28. 495, 515, 29. 5, 52, 82, 223, 30. 82, 157, 437, 36. 58;—establishment of continental, frequency, 4. 8, 8 n , 23, 44, 57, 85; extra, for necessities, 45; use, 49; blanket money, 58, 85, 95, 110, 116, 177, 181, 183; postage, 79 n , 289, 26. 5, 6; graft, 4. 95, 5. 94, 7. 143, 481, 14. 102. 16. 161, 19. 61, 26. 257, 425; advances, evils, and desertion, 4. 101, 103, 105, 110, 170, 174, 265, 309, 311, 333, 7. 89, 180 n ; arms of departing soldiers, 4. 103, 111, 152, 182, 191. 235, 236, 238, 242; old and new establishment, 110; militia and state troops, problems (1776), 150, 183, 248, 277, 283, 284, 310, 333, 378, 435, 471, 473, 501, 5. 40, 49, 108, 109, 249, 306 n , 413, 414, 6. 23, 80, 182, 292, 304, 7. 45, 179, 263 n , 37. 508, 518; (1777), 7. 45, 179, 263 n , 367, 380, 8. 47, 80, 283, 291, 304, 351, 353; (1778), 13. 80; (1779), 14. 489–491, 15. 74, 302, 16. 389, 391, 17. 8, 110, 114, 161 n ; (1782), 24. 470; estimates (1775), 4. 183, 198, 199; independent companies, 192, 193, 195; engineers, 196, 500. 12. 32, 13. 13; lake service, 4. 511, 5. 9; 0028 509 equalization, 4. 518, 522 n , 526, 5. 108, 109 n , 129, 140, 19. 411; recruiting allowance, 5. 14, 56, 343, 6. 289, 416, 7. 14, 8. 35, 9. 10 n , 14. 79, 136, 159, 208, 15. 410, 16. 329, 18. 206, 217, 257, 275, 25. 336, 340, 341, 27. 243, separate departments, handling, 5. 16, 107, 132, 169, 429, 7. 473, 8. 339, 14. 468, 473 n , 15. 117, 118; discharged lads, 5. 61; regularity and discipline, 112; cavalry, 163 n , 6. 350, 388, 7. 193, 301, 9. 68, 69, 81, 12. 31, 32, 13. 115, 340, 26. 132; prisoners, expiration of term, officers, paroled, exchanged, dead, 6. 27, 7. 191, 458, 8. 111, 290, 354, 419, 9. 67, 116, 10. 401, 11. 32, 92, 20. 291, 22. 164; sick and wounded, 6. 240 n , 11. 396, 13. 158; extra state, objections, 6. 270, 273, 288, 20. 284; beginning of officers', 6. 356, 8. 206, 9. 98, 17. 335; artillery, 6. 401, 12. 31, 14. 440, 26. 132; detachments, divided regiments, 6. 459, 7. 480, 8. 67, 9. 43, 66; Indians, 7. 12, 15. 287, 367, 368, 22. 192; spy, 7. 101 [ see also Intelligence (funds)]; supernumerary officers, 285, 13. 419, 420, 14. 223, 16. 7, 14, 21. 216, 22. 164; horses, forage, 7. 284, 12. 336, 467, 13. 340, 14. 399, 17. 412, 20. 468, 472, 21. 482, 25. 324, 325, 26. 4; militia officers' assumed rank, 7. 367; absent general officers, 488, 8. 351, 353; British deserters, 8, 174 n , 9. 92; Commander in Chief's Guard, 8. 20, 11. 263, 27. 177; payment to master of enlisted servant, 8. 56; temporary appointments, 128; long deferred regimental claims, 304; irregular officers, 437, 10. 122; suspended officers, 9. 379, 26. 137; extra for Valley Forge troops, 10. 259, 266, 267, 284, 286–288, 462, 502, 11. 52, 56; forfeit to state, 141; issue, regulations, 346, 12. 22, 299, 360, 484, 524, 13. 204, 209, 396, 407, 443 n , 14. 84, 88, 125, 126, 251, 15. 2, 3, 76, 17. 440, 19. 415, 22. 6 n , 23. 413; disconnected men, 12. 15, 280, 324, 524; table under new arrangement (1778), 30–32; provost, 32, 22. 149; invalid corps, 12. 69, 9. 1. 307; post and detached command, detail, 12. 239, 285, 371, 495, 15. 4, 18, 16. 360, 17. 447, 478, 18. 324, 21. 392, 22. 22, 136, 24. 6, 27. 418, 419 n ; Indian interpreter, 12. 253; special troops, 283; depreciation, and prices, liquidation, officers, 13. 21, 17. 63, 86, 18. 210, 311, 315, 329, 19. 40, 503, 505, 20. 3, 232, 302, 21. 204, 22. 149, 239, 23. 276, 474; muster for, lack and arrears, 13. 316, 345, 17. 388, 421, 436; for fatigue, 13. 140, 14. 332; and withdrawal of paper money emissions, 13, 16, 56, 141, 289; sappers and miners, 161 n , 332, 16. 46, 21. 449, 497, 26. 132; officers exercising higher command, 14. 141, 26. 141; frontier, 14. 480, 15. 302, 16. 477, 486, 19. 36, 45, 24. 49; sufficiency of soldiers', 15. 33; in lieu of deficiency rations, 117, 16. 204, 26. 199; officers' liquor, 15. 331; deferred, of new levies, 16. 76; extra, to Steuben, 121; absentees and dead, 220, memorial of general officers, 346 n ; facilitating, 17. 316; full, on discharge, 343; dollar as unit, 440; horse patrols, 475; to marching troops. 18. 244; departmental commander, 19. 92; plea for adequate, 411, 20. 165; in new emission, rate, 19. 503, 22. 40; nonstate officers and arrears, 503–506; claim, requirements, 20. 249; new staff regulations, 21. 203, 204, 212; regimental business, 216; state provision, and requisitions, 22. 226, 239, 457, 24. 120, 306, 25. 258 n , 284, 289, 290, 431 n , 26. 489–491; specie for Yorktown campaign, 23. 12, 12 n , 89, 94, 95, 107; proposed decrease (1781), 14 n ; headquarters housekeeper, 62 n ; officers' preemption of Yorktown goods, 299–301, 354, 355, 375, 376, 378, 379, 496; expectation, escort, 24. 26, 26. 112, 133; Morris's plan, 24. 35; or civil list, 350, 351, 25. 227, 431, 26. 352; allowance withdrawn on retirement, 24. 488 n ; prospects and recruiting (1782), 25. 10; and change of service, 14; and paymaster's notes, 87 n ; Armand's advance to his corps, 307; officer's self-pay out of recruiting money, 336, 340, 341; rates (1783), 26. 132; drafts for, negotiation, 138; note,dealing with suffers, 176; pay day, weekly allowance, paymaster's application, 177; advances, in merchandise, 213; proposed three-months pay before discharge, 309; peace establishment, 384, 27. 141, 142; extra to Knox, 26. 475; right of furloughed troops, 27. 156; final promise, 225; special, to Washington's aides, 232, 293, 382; retained officers, 245; public attitude on arrears, 260, 262; Continental Congress and state claims, 319; postbellum relief, 28. 104; foreign volunteers' arrears, discharge, 32. 137, 211. See also next titles; Accounts; Bounty; Fines; Funds; Gratuity; Half-pay; Newburgh Addresses; Pensions; Specie.

Federal military : Whiskey Insurrection and interception, 33. 472; Washington's, 0029 510 in provisional army command, 36. 329, 329 n , 374 n , 37. 84, 360, 361, 363; provisional army, officers' beginning, collection. 38, 189, 341, 438, 457.

Paymaster general, need , 3. 349, 350; first appointment, 350 n ; bills of exchange, 4. 194, 289, 296; pay, 198; Warren's resignation, Palfrey, 472, 473 n , 5. 3, 12, 37. 518; accounts, 5. 13; assistants and deputies, quarters, bonds, 159, 169, 6. 486 n , 7. 430, 8. 79, 11. 176, 13. 443 n , 14. 108 n , 112 n , 482, 502, 15. 221 n , 290 n , 291, 291 n , 16. 122 n , 17. 114 n , 335, 18. 275 n , 23. 107 n , 24. 161, 323, 26. 16 n , 199 n ; deputy with funds to post. 14. 84, 125, 126; deputy for Western department, 482, 502; deputies at winter quarters, 17. 195, 215, 335–337, 397; clothing for officers of department, 310; Pierce, 21. 211; guard, 497; removal to Philadelphia, complaints, 24. 193; provisional army, residence, 36. 388, 37. 165. See also Palfrey, William; Pierce, John.

Paymasters, Washington as provincial, indemnification, 1. 113–115; regimental, 5. 249, 410; pay and allowance, horse and forage, clothing, subsistence, 410, 8. 109, 12. 325, 13. 63, 420, 15. 459, 17. 160, 21. 204, 25. 257; appointments, 5. 438, 6. 26, 37, 42, 50–52, 56, 90, 103, 201, 234, 352, 7. 153, 8. 172, 186, 9. 149, 168, 10. 88, 127, 152, 214, 455, 11. 299, 12. 290, 311, 334, 349, 360, 361, 388, 13. 4, 60, 74, 84, 106, 118, 155, 171, 213, 246, 307, 460, 14. 133, 367, 15. 17, 16. 134, 262, 416, 18. 360, 378, 23. 6, 388, 26. 359, 446, 451; double office, 5. 441; recommendation, 6. 43; regulation of appointment, case, 188, 10. 239, 12. 33, 35, 16. 91; accounts, process. 8. 46, 443, 14. 212, 16. 22, 220, 21. 461; cavalry, 8. 109; line officers' control over, 200; absent, 256; courts-martial, dismissed, 9. 101, 11, 49, 253; retirement, 10. 106, 11. 293; list, 13. 63; line rank, 420; as regimental clothiers, 14. 39; shoe returns, 42; exempt from line duty, 136; artificers, 19. 448; artillery, 21. 63; quartermaster's duty, 25. 237, 247; appointment by officers, 26. 132; application for pay, 177; Wayne's force, 32. 160. See also Boyd, Alexander.

Payne, Anthony, court martial, 8. 209.

Payne, Benjamin, Lee on, 4. 451 n .

Payne, William,* Difficult Run land entry, 37. 434, 446.

Peabody, Lieut . Ebenezer, resignation, 17. 478.

Peabody, Nathaniel,* news, 20. 48; ill 48; Vermont intrigue, 25. 399, 400.

Peace, possible negotiations (1778–79), rumors, 13. 10, 14. 238, 243, 15. 123; Pennsylvania resolve, condemnation, 14. 353; Adams on prospects, 18. 298 n ; danger in premature expectations, 22. 180; Southern campaign and uti possidetis , 189, 341, 430, 23. 10, 24. 17, 149, 409; parliamentary bill, front .; prospects (1782), 72; news of negotiations, Washington's pessimism, 149, 228, 229, 237, 238, 243, 271, 275, 276, 293, 315 n , 421, 423, 471, 472, 496. 25. 6, 13, 16, 17, 21–23, 26–28, 42, 56, 151, 166, 176, 177, 180, 194, 200, 264–269. 272, 275, 287, 290, 343, 434, 435, 445, 26. 7, 15, 17, 25–29, 44, 77, 85, 99, 103, 153, 183, 184, 37. 558; and West Indies situation, 25. 27, 448; Carleton's “suspension of hostilities,” Washington's comment, 137, 138; “seven years,” and British attitude, 176 n ; Washington's desire, world, 288, 27. 187, 33. 383, 429, 36. 413; preliminary recognition of independence, 26. 15 n , 18, 26, 28, 78; Dutch attitude, 18; news awaited, suspense, 37, 203; bets on favorable news, 115 n ; prospects and preparations, 118; French attitude, 236; preliminary treaty, announcement, Washington's comment, and preparations, 236–238, 242, 249, 260, 270 n ; suspension of hostilities, news, announcements, congratulations, 258 n , 262–269, 273, 275, 297, 306–308, 328, 334; French treaty, 258 n ; 265; Lafayette and ratification mission, 266, 267, 326, 327, 421, 27. 186; northeastern boundary, 26. 268; return of captured British transportation, 272; return of slaves, inspection of British embarkations, 274, 364, 370, 398 n , 401, 403–407, 409, 412–414, 431, 455, 465, 499–501, 27. 10 n , 27, 28. 121, 283; army problems, liquidation of accounts, discharges, peace establishment, furloughs, dissolution, 26. 285–292, 296, 309, 315, 316, 318, 323, 325, 329–332, 334 n , 336, 337, 350, 351, 421, 429, 443, 464, 465, 468, 469, 472–475, 477–479, 497, 498, 27. 14, 19, 24, 33, 153, 156, 167–169, 206, 0030 511 208, 222–227, 229, 230; suspension of frontier hostilities, 26. 316, 317, 319, 320, 356, 357, 361; states and treaty provisions, 325; proposed congressional committee to camp, 325, 332, 352; general orders on augury, 335; army illumination, 338, 344, 428; liberation of British prisoners of war, 340–343, 346–348, 348 n , 350, 351, 370, 398 n , 401; opening navigation of the Hudson, 344; Washington-Carleton conference, 347–349, 348 n , 370, 371, 401–406, 411, 412; Washington and release from service, 352, 357–359, 369, 422, 423, 463, 483, 27. 12, 14, 19, 60, 70, 82, 83 n , 89, 91, 117, 130 n , 181, 187, 189, 191, 193, 211, 269, 288, 295, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 323, 340, 385; British evacuation of New York City, American occupation, 26. 403, 405, 408, 418, 419, 421, 427, 428, 430, 27. 19, 125, 177, 183, 187, 191, 204–207, 222, 228, 233, 234, 240, 241, 243, 246–248, 247 n–249 n , 254, 255, 278, 318; Smith's ode, 26. 422; accomplishment, prospects, responsibilities, duty of veterans, 484–487, 27. 224–227, 305, 307, 336, 339, 399, 408, 417; retained troops and officers, organization, conditions, 6, 10, 11 n , 14, 19, 25, 34, 38, 169, 180, 182, 197, 221, 245, 246, 256–259, 278, 339; debts and loyalists, 11 n , 56, 126 n , 28. 124; British attitude on definitive, 27. 19; Washington's replies to commendations, 56–58, 90, 116, 163, 192, 231, 240, 241, 249, 251, 266, 268, 281, 311, 446, 28. 120, 126, 523, 31. 158, 34. 130; definitive treaty, 27. 187, 191, 219, 229; farewell orders to army, 222–227; Washington's journey to Annapolis, 259–277, 318; his entertainment at New York, farewell to officers, 262 n ; ceremony of his resignation, 277, 284, 285, 285 n , 286 n ; prospects in Europe, 28. 1; boundaries, 93, 31. 8, 12–14; slave indemnity, 28. 121, 30. 441, 479, 31. 170, 441, 501; execution of treaty, mutual incriminations, 28. 486, 487, 493, 501–503, 29. 189, 30. 440, 31. 215, 441, 501, 502, 52. 51, 478, 479, 33. 173, 281, 355; commerce and internationalism, 28. 520, 521. See also British debts; Frontier posts; Jay Treaty; Preparedness; Reconciliation; War.

Peace establishment. See Army.

Peacey, William,* Bloxham, 28. 469, 509, 510, 513, 29. 66, 69; seeds, 232, 356, 362.

Peaches, stones for Mount Vernon, 32. 277; orchard, 37. 2. See also Fruit.

Peachy, Thomas Griffin,* neutrality, 33. 101.

Peachy, Capt . William,* commission, 1. 165, 176; recruiting, 212; assignment, movements, 232, 274, 329, 455; fort, 391; robbed, 430, 506; affair, 2. 131–134; account, 134; Forbes expedition, 243, 245.

Peacock, Lieut George, exchange, 6. 327.

Peake, Humphrey, land, 24. 70 n , 37. 289.

Peale, Charles Willson,* Washington portraits, copies, engravings, 3. 83, 84 n , 14. front ., 33 n , facing 34, 29. front .; career, 3. 83 n ; itinerant work, 84; bill, family miniatures, 84 n ; at Valley Forge, 12. 501; Washington miniature, 16. 468; Lafayette portrait, 20. 463; dead pheasants for museum, 29. 139, 163; Pitt engraving, 178.

Peale, Capt . James,* resignation, 15. 215 n .

Pearce, —, shipmaster, jackass account, 28. 301, 385, 400.

Pearce, Benjamin, General Howe case, 14. 474.

Pearce, Charles, court martial, 3. 514.

Pearce, Nancy, ill health, 36. 12.

Pearce, William, loom patent, 31. 310 n .

Pearce, William,* manager at Mount Vernon, house in federal district, 31. 208; engagement as manager, agreement, salary, allowances, 33. 26, 68–70, 97–101, 110. 255, 35. 181; house at Mount Vernon, 33. 110–112, 142, 206, 324, 34. 41, 49, 52, 434, 35. 251; agricultural implements, 33. 111; delay in taking charge, 112, 218; carpenter, 141; subordinates, overseers, 141, 142, 35. 507, 508, 36. 11; slave children, 33. 142; instructions, 157, 158, 188–207, 219, 232, 235–245, 252–256, 260, 261, 263–279, 284–288, 295–297, 301–304, 308–310, 314–317, 324–327, 334–337, 343–345, 350–352, 361–363, 365–369, 373–376, 394–396, 398–403, 424–430, 434–436, 0031 512 445–447, 452–456, 466–474, 488–490, 494, 495, 498–500, 502, 503, 509–514, 517, 518, 520, 521, 34. 11–15, 24–27, 40–44, 48–53, 56–59, 63–66, 71–74, 77–79, 82–85, 95–97, 101–106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114–118, 125–128, 134–137, 143–146, 151 n , 152–154, 160–162, 170–172, 175, 188, 189, 191–195, 203–206, 208, 209, 211–214, 216–218, 223, 224, 230, 231, 236, 270–274, 282–284, 290, 291, 298 n , 337–339, 342, 343, 369–374, 377–379, 392–384, 393, 394, 396, 416, 417, 421–423, 425–428, 431, 448–451, 474–476, 478–480, 489, 490, 495–503, 507, 508, 35. 9–13, 19, 20, 22–26, 33–35, 43, 44, 46–48, 66, 67, 71, 72, 79–82, 202–204, 206, 250, 251, 256–266, 278–280, 285–287, 291, 302, 303, 306, 307, 331–333, 336–338, 37. 575 n ; family, 33. 218, 334, 429, 435, 499, 34. 12, 36. 12; admonished, 33. 303, 489, 34. 153, 35. 81; poor health, desire to retire, 33. 334, 499, 34. 77, 231, 452, 476, 36. 12; movements, 33. 455, 521, 34. 15, 35. 202; public road, 33. 512; Washington's confidence, ability, certificate of service, 34. 11, 35. 181, 338; payments by, 34. 38 n , 50, 51; resignation, successor, 35. 182, 184, 185, Ringgold, 184; closing-up management, settlement, left-over accounts, 257, 276, 277, 36. 254, 257, 258; Washington's good wishes, 35. 357; cradling, 36. 255.

Pearcy, Capt . Henry, army appointment, 36. 379; service, 379 n .

Peareth, William,* Colvill estate, 3. 24.

Pearis, Richard, identity, 1. 213, 302 n ; Indian fight, 302, 309; fort, militia, 349; Cherokees, 526, 2. 143; conduct, 49; inn, 366.

Pearl, Capt . Stephen, court-martial, 3. 440.

Pearl , H. M. S., 7. 107 n , 18. 385, 393.

Pears, grafts, 34. 146. See also Fruit.

Pearsall, Job, orders and letters from his place, 1. 221, 222, 2. 226; fort, force, 1. 221, 398, 436, 438, 2. 32, 42 n , 65, 222, 226, 228, 230; provisions, 1. 283, 439; militia, 346, 450, 351, 361, 372, 376, 377, 2. 195; securing water, 1. 438; irregular construction, 2. 109; regiment at, 211, 221.

Pearsee, Capt . Jonathan, company, 5. 244.

Pearson, Rev . Eliphalet,* thanks, 31. 416.

Pearson, George,* Colvill estate, 36. 33.

Pearson, Capt . John, at court-martial, 23. 465; service, 465 n .

Pearson, Simon, Washington's land purchase, 2. 390, 13. 426, 427, 36. 35, 36, 43–45.

Pearson, Thomas, land claim, 36. 36, 43–45.

Peas, for army, 7. 362; field, as fertilizer, 29. 54, 37. 463; culture, experimentation, rotation, 29. 216, 227, 253, 337, 338, 30. 50, 34. 445, 446, 35. 121, 268–270, 356, 501, 502, 37. 463; seed, imported, 29. 495, 501, 34. 339, 35. 9, 28, 29, 33, 63, 384, 401, 402; fodder, 33. 435, 467; fallow, 526 n ; sowing, 35. 9; prospects, success of field, 66, 72, 34. 324; special garden, 162; pindars, order, 36. 175; Wakeman, 37. 463, 470. See also Vetch.

Pease, —, Washington's barge, 26. 311 n .

Peat, no place in American economy, 34. 407; Anderson's pamphlet, 407.

Pecans, for Mount Vernon planting, 29. 215, 33. 233, 275, 34. 205. See also Nuts.

Pécaudy, Claude Pierre. See Contrecoeur.

Pecawaxon Church, Md, rector, 27. 447.

Peck, Frederick S., acknowledgment to, 2. 294 n .

Peck, Lieut . Jesse (?), release from arrest, 11. 454 n .

Peck, Lieut . John, rank, 15. 119, 126; service, 119 n ; Cincinnati, 29. 55.

Peck, Adj . William, brigade major, 5. 167, 345, 424; service, 167 n ; aide to Spencer, 437; special appointment, 12. 239 n ; as officer, 36. 333.

Pedee River, Greene at 21. 265.

Peebles, Lieut . Robert, quartermaster, 16. 250; service, 250 n .

Peekskill, N. Y., barracks, unfit troops, 6. 241, 9. 187; force, 6. 249 n , 263, 7. 94, 95; magazines, 6. 266, 268, 300, 15. 133, 134; headquarters, letters and orders from, 6. 271–278, 17. 206, 19. 286–335, 22. 267–324, 37. 551; as point for concentration, troops ordered to (1777), delays, 7. 257, 273–275, 278, 281–283, 291, 293, 314, 318, 331, 332, 335, 354, 427, 429, 448, 455, 8. 6, 28, 30, 35, 36, 38, 81, 124, 146, 164, 197, 207, 325, 326, 331, 335; militia for, 7. 254, 260, facing 276, 348, 450, 467, 491; British raid, stores destroyed, 319, 328, 330, 332, 333, 339, 347, 348, 361, 426; militia draft for, 339, 340, 342, inoculation, 431; cavalry for, 8. 120, 121 n ; troops for New Jersey and Northern army, 208, 232, 232 n , 234, 235, 241, 254, 257, 258, 260, 271, 273, 275–277, 283, 293, 300, 310, 321, 327, 332, 376, 378, 381, 382, 466–468, 473, 490, 491, 493, 503, 506; route to, 289; evacuation, British burning, 9. 364, 371, 468 n , 482, 483; reoccupation, 400 n ; in plan to attack New York City (1778), 12. 137 n ; court-martial at, 256; winter quarters, 13. 321; Verplancks Point operations, 15. 427–430, 432–435, 438, 439; New England militia (1780), 19. 390; army camp (1781), march to, 22. 215, 229, 232, 249; brigades, 231; French stores and hospital, 23. 35; guard, 25. 34; French camp (1782), 181. See also Heath, William; Hudson River.

Peers, Maj . Valentine, brigade major, 8. 92; court-martial, 267, 286, 287, 9. 304.

Peet, William C., acknowledgment to, 34. 337 n .

Peggy , colonial English trade, 2. 384; postbellum trade, 28. 433, 33. 337, 344, 350, 353, 369, 376, 388.

Peirce, Isaac, aide to Gates, 5. 105.

Peirce, Jesse, court-martial, 17. 346; whipping, 18. 3.

Pelham, Samuel (Darius), unfit recruit, 24. 452.

Pelissier, Lieut. Col . Christopher, engineer, rank, 7. 102; fortification plan, 123, 196, 275.

Pell, Capt . Samuel Treadwell, assaulted, 18. 184, 296.

Pells Point, N. Y., action, commended, 6. 218 n , 221.

Pelton, Lieut . Daniel, court-martial, 6. 119.

Peltro, John, court-martial, 3. 514.

Pemberton, Edward,* poem, 30. 1.

Pemberton, Isaac, loyalist, prisoner of war, supplies, 11. 221, 241; house, 16. 472 n .

Pemberton, James,* Quaker speech to Cherokees, 31. 479.

Pemberton, Mary,* supplies for prisoner husband, 11. 221, 241.

Pemberton, Lieut . ( Capt .) Robert, promotion and half-pay, 22. 248; service, 248 n ; assistant adjutant general, 385.

Pempton Bridge, N. J., 11. 466.

Pencil and case, orders, 2. 406 n , 3. 92.

Pendergrass, Jerrard, land, 13. 156.

Pendleton, Maj . Benjamin, militia council of war, 1. 369.

Pendleton, Capt . Daniel, courts-martial, 13. 71, 73, 20. 153, 154; service, 13. 73 n .

Pendleton, Edmund,* Washington's affairs, 1. 446 n , 3. 104, 295, 27. 313, 358, 29. 429, 30. 273; Mercer affairs, 3. 250, 37. 522; Virginia Convention, 3. 277 n ; Lee on, 4. 451 n ; accident, 7. 393; neglect of public duty, 13. 467; warned of disaster, 20. 242 n ; ratification, 29. 292, 477, 512, 513; Armistead estate, 30. 282, 37. 509; judgeship, 30. 414, 419, 420, 469, 33. 298; excise survey, 31. 284; neutrality address, 33. 91; Washington and criticism, 94–96; criticism of Hamilton's policy, letter, 94 n , 95; cotton seed, 298; old age, 34. 98; Rawlins, 36. 166; Moore estate, 37. 499.

Pendleton, Capt . James, service, 17. 270 n .

Pendleton, John, warrants, 29. 470 n .

Pendleton, Lieut . Nathaniel,* exchange, 20. 292; service, Greene's aide, 292 n ; neutrality, 33. 286 n ; office, 34. 169.

Pendleton, Philip, land, 6. 168, 33. 504, 37. 281.

Pendleton County, S. C., excise survey, 31. 238.

Pendleton County, W. Va. (Va.), excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Pendrick, Richard, court-martial, 3. 514.

Penelopen, N. J., headquarters, 12. 124.

Penet, Ensign Ignatius, commission, 13. 307 n ; promotion, 20. 410; service, 410 n .

Penet, Pierre,* contract for supplies, 4. 159, 160, 160 n , 162, 163, 309; brevet aide, 159 n , 6. 174, 216; and foreign volunteers, 7. 388 n ; gifts, 11. 172, 325, 326, 359; petition, 13. 307 n .

Penknife. See Pocketknives.

Penmanship, Washington's, 1. xlv.

Penn, Ann (Allen),* gift, 29. 276.

Penn, Gov . John, of Pennsylvania, Howe's letter, 5. 321 n ; wife, 29. 276 n ; return, 32. 163.

Penn, John,* of North Carolina, Taylor case, 15. 465; clothing, 18. 20.

Penniman, Josiah H., acknowledgment to, 37. 505 n .

Pennington, Isaac, land, 1. 7; Washington at, place, 7.

Pennington, N. J., British at, 6. 341, 341 n , 349, 350, 354, 357, 371, 377, 7. 152.

Pennock & Skipwith, Washington's affairs, 28. 404.

Pennsylvania, and Fort Necessity expedition, 1. 42; and Braddock expedition, 118 n , 134 n ; Virginia colonial recruiting, 178, 206 v., 218, 251; Votes and Proceedings , 268 n ; French war, miliary attitude and action, 268, 296, 502, 503; beef purchase in Virginia, 423, 462, 471, 2. 90; French war Indian raids, retirement of frontier, 1. 437, 463, 469, 505, 2. 48, 53, 73, 75, 86, 89, 198; Fort Cumberland, 1. 488, 530 n ; colonial Virginia deserters, 2. 13; Forbes expedition troops, 210 n , 244, 312 n [ see also Armstrong, John]; paper-money exchange, 238; Forbes expedition route, 249 n , 263 n , 277, 278, 281; Indian trade, 315 n ; Pontiac Conspiracy, 401, 403 n ; Washington's western lands, affairs, mill, squatters, disposal, 467–473, 521, 3. 29–32, 65, 78, 116–118, 202–204, 432, 434, 435, 7. 181, 22. 194–196, 24. 68, 27. 2. 328–331, 426 n , 436, 439, 443, 469–471, 492, 28. 4, 39, 57, 110–115, 128, 192–196, 200, 211, 216, 220, 239, 261–264, 272, 293–295, 347, 488–492, 29. 7–12, 85–88, 90–93, 95–98, 140, 141, 202, 203, 273–275, 437–439, 455, 30. 89, 90, 92, 172, 243–245, 410, 31. 1, 59, 71, 175, 252, 310, 358, 359, 32. 22, 411, 412, 422, 33. 357, 358, 377, 379, 403–407, 409, 448, 451, 456, 457, 497, 34. 87–89, 94, 121, 122, 142, 143, 220–223, 242, 281, 288–290, 297, 298, 35. 22, 89–91, 131–133, 273, 274, 302, 303, 327, 328, 440, 441, 457, 461, 482, 485, 496, 497, 36. 23–25 37, 68, 107, 132, 137, 138, 164, 280, 371, 372, 475, 476, 480, 37. 85–87, 146, 232, 251–253, 284, 298, 315, 319, 439, 579, 580; Proclamation of 1763, 2. 469 n , 522 n ; boundaries, Virginia agreement, Triangle, 470 n , 471, 3. 87 n , 215 n , 14. 262, 281, 22. 196, 23. 449, 24. 68, 30. 395, 37. 555; riflemen, 3. 300, 507 n , 5. 393, 395, 416, 6. 139 n , 192 n , 22. 257, 261, 356, 391, 426, 427, 24. 46; powder, 3. 436 n . 4. 321, 365; troops for Canada, 281, 283 n , 320; loan of arms, 5. 18; militia and state troops, calls, response, character: (1776), Flying Camp, New Jersey campaign, Philadelphia defense, 87 n , 219 n , 247, 276, 278, 295, 397, 6. 304, 313, 314 n , 321, 333, 338, 352, 364, 372, 377, 378, 382, 399, 400, 411, 413, 418, 420, 422–425, 426 n , 432 n , 433, 443, 447, 462, 467, 470, 504; (1777), New Jersey, 7, 29, 30, 34, 204, 205, 245, 263 n , 319, 8. 46, 49, 151, 275, 294, 314, 341; before Brandywine 9. 130, 132, 137, 138, 140, 149, 179; after Brandywine, 215, 216, 232, 236, 240, 245, 278; at Germantown, 309; after Germantown, British supply line, winter patrol, inadequacy, 317, 337. 338, 344, 385, 391, 392, 399, 405, 408, 443, 0034 515 444, 451, 453, 462, 474, 484, 496, 497, 10. 143, 156, 246, 247, 312, 336, 340, 452, 456 n , 478, 479, 525, 11. 14, 159, 236, 370, 374, 417; and winter campaign, 9. 484; (1778), Monmouth 11. 235, 248, 311, 369, 386, 12. 103, 108, 113, 116; (1779), Iroquois expedition. frontier, Estaing cooperation, 14. 405, 406, 408, 451, 454, 476, 15. 37, 82, 110, 172, 189, 294, 372, 376–378, 16. 101, 105, 406, 406 n , 17. 8, 22, 161 n , 180; (1780), Rochambeau cooperation, 18. 470 n , 19. 263, 293, 294, 398, 403, 440, 20. 212, 279, 362; (1781), New York campaign, Virginia, 22. 111 n , 118, 120. 171, 172, 175, 224, 260; (1789–92), frontier, 30. 405, 430, 32. 152; (1794), Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 508, 34. 1, 7, 8, 32;—frontier affairs, troops, protection, complaints, 5. 293, 14. 186–188, 452, 15. 22, 109, 26. 97; recruiting, quotas, results (1776), 6. 251, 252, 364; (1777), 7. 43 n , 218, 241, 250, 262, 289, 326, 389, 372–374, 397, 452, 8. 160; (1778), 9. 175, 386, 10. 317, 447, 503, 505, 11. 238, 370; (1779), 15. 280; (1780), 18. 79 n , 310, 19. 27, 72, 94, 113–115, 129, 270, 294, 343, 391; (1781), 22. 119, 252, 255, 349, 426, 475, 23. 38, 120; (1782), 455, 24. 16, 24, 25, 64, 66, 74, 135, 152, 167, 25. 99, 254, 26. 25; loyalists, disaffection, state prisoners, confiscations, 6. 347, 376, 7. 250, 9. 257, 11. 158, 221, 223, 241, 31. 315, 316, 37. 536; magazines, militia guard, 6. 364, 416, 7. 250, 11. 65; militia bounty, 6. 461, 464; artillery, 7. 18–21, 25 n , 22. 448; need of better government, 7. 36, 11. 263; prisoners of war affairs, exchange, supply, 7. 79, 84, 88, 25. 402; check on distilling, 7. 250; militia absentees, 372 n , 417; taverns, 9. 8, 18, 29, 37, 54 n , 124, 204 n , 226, 230, 238 n , 245, 262, 269, 307, 10. 74, 205, 445, 504, 11. 14, 127, 12. 96; provisions, transportation. impressment, scarcity (1777), 9. 214. 232, 233, 237 n , 274, 292, 358. 374, 420, 474; (1778), 10. 480, 11. 45–47, 54, 123, 13. 147, 244; (1779), 16. 187; (1780), 19. 32, 54, 57, 70, 248, 280, 20. 313; (1781), 21. 371, 476, 22. 48–50, 53, 60, 118, 224, 282, 23. 76 [ see also “specific supplies,” below]; clothing, blankets, shoes, impressment, 9. 248–250, 259, 260. 270, 318, 319, 358, 375, 480, 10. 79, 196, 318, 443, 447, 448, 482, 483 n , 504; inadequate effort in Philadelphia campaign, 511 cavalry equipments, 230; staff service and militia fines, 312, 11. 241; transportation law, 46, 47, 241; price fixing, checking speculation, 74 n , 13. 383; hospitals, 11. 206. 208, 12. 154, 404, 430, 15. 208; and half, pay, 11. 307 n , 19. 411; character of delegates, 11. 307 n ; militia arms, 386; Indian negotiations, 13. 79; line officer's debt to state, pay stoppage, 247; Convention troops march, militia escort, 272, 274, 275, 311, 312, 381, 438; and possible coast raid (1779), 14. 307, 309; independent companies, 352; peace resolution, Washington's condemnation, 353; specific supplies, difficulties, militia collection, 18. 156 n , 309, 440, 19. 442, 20. 231, 451 n , 21. 458, 463, 22. 390; liquidating pay depreciation, 18. 311; duty an 1780 campaign, 438; dictatorial powers to president, 439, 439 n ; martial law and filling regiments, 19. 113–115; dragoons, 23. 317, 319; artificers and quota, 435; provost recruiting funds, 491, 492; attitude (1782), 24. 63; proposed Iroquois expedition, 25. 106, 107, 110, 111, 190, 191, 198, 199; and requisitions, 27. 263, 265; state Cincinnati. 343, 28. 239; western route, 27. 473, 28. 51, 393; and development of Virginia routes, 27. 479, 28. 67, 78, 337; canals, 337, 394, 439, 32. 413, 33. 152 n , 34. 66; financial report (1787), 29. 148; ratification, 290, 322, 332, 349, 352, 359, 403 n , 454, 458, 466, 30. 41, 62; British exclusion of wheat, 99, 152 n ; preparation for federal government, 118; manufactures, 186; excise, officers, salaries, first disturbances, regulations, 31. 233, 234, 236, 32. 143–145, 149–155, 169, 171, 174, 209, 236, 320, 386, 470; new buildings for federal government, 31. 261–263, 372–374, 376, 377, 381, 504; levies for Indian war (1791), 269, 467; Virginian attack on Indians, extradition, 274 n , 406; Washington's tour, 309; and Andrew Hamilton, 32. 163; attacks on Indians, 432; French privateers, 33. 56, 57; travel in western, 34. 8, 9; federal post at Erie, 36, 72, 151, 172, 173; federal officers from, 166, 168, 169; quarantine, 35. 116–118: character of population, 325; provisional army officers from, 36. 334; elections. 519 n , 37. 400, 439; slaves of federal officials, 573. See also next titles; Carlisle; Fort Pitt; German Battalion; Lancaster; Ottendorf; Philadelphia; Whiskey Insurrection; Wyoming.

Pennsylvania, governor of. See Mifflin, Thomas.

Pennsylvania, president of. See Dickinson, John; Mifflin, Thomas; Moore, William; Reed, Joseph; Wharton, Thomas, jr .

Pennsylvania, vice president of. See Bryan, George; Potter, James.

Pennsylvania, University of (Philadelphia College),* addresses, 27. 267, 30. 289 n ; honorary degree to Washington, 27. 268; preparatory school, 31. 129, 146; Washington's nephews, 133, 162, 163, 177; Custis, 34. 44, 37. 498, 572.

Pennsylvania Archives , 1. 310 n .

Pennsylvania Artillery, 7. 25 n . See also Procter, Thomas.

Pennsylvania Associators,* continuance in service, 5. 397; desertion, 428.

Pennsylvania Bank.* See Bank of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania Board of War,* loyalists, 7. 476; appointment of officers, 8. 29.

Pennsylvania brigades, New York and New Jersey campaigns, 5. 121, 131, 143, 196, 6. 245 n , 308 n , 309, 337; new arrangement, ranking, 7. 326, 327, 346, 389, 9. 65, 90, 10. 34, 87, 11. 126, 14. 333, 439, 475, 15. 146, 162, 182, 204, 221, 248, 300, 320, 16. 47; command, 8. 24, 25, 12. 275, 15. 276 n ; colonels ordered to camp, 8. 70, 71 n , 73, conditions (1778), 10. 372–374; Monmouth campaign, 12. 74, 86, 91, 107; regiments, 216; position before New York City (1778), 217; brigade majors and inspectors, 300, 13. 60, 15. 267, 17. 443; officers on special leave, 12. 301; divisioned, 409; uniform, 13. 173 n , 16. 388; march, orders, 13. 198, 18. 486, 19. 34, 51, 62, 20. 84, 128, 129, 133, 140; winter quarters, 15. 323, 325, 362, 17. 111 n , 121, 137, facing 256, 20. 337, 344, 352, 406–408, 418, 447, 454, 21. 28, 29; clothing, controversy, 13. 457, 17. 174, 181–184, 222, 18. 114, 19. 303; reviews, 15. 48; chaplain, 85 n , 20. 76 n ; appointment of officers, 15. 183; in Clove, 239; unrest and threats, 420, 18. 430; West Point works, 15. 465, 16. 11, 384, 432; line of battle, 17. 281, 18. 487, 19. 302, 20. 186; light-corps troops, 17. 289, 18. 191, 19. 299; indicated reforms, 17. 427; assignment of men, 19. 173, 221; removal of stock, Bulls Ferry attempt, 216, 260; camp, 221; Macpherson affair, 353–358; half-pay, 20. 159; ladies' gift, shirts, 21. 5, 28; reorganization, complications, to go South, 175, 176 n , 216, 250, 280, 280 n , 294–298, 301, 304, 305, 310, 340, 379, 382, 413, 418, 431–434, 439, 453, 470, 471, 473, 477, 493, 499, 22. 164, 25. 292, 295, 310, 329, 330; to Lafayette in Virginia, delay, 21. 272–274, 22. 93, 140, 147, 161, 191, 252; promotions, 21. 348; recruits and Yorktown march, 23. 38, 120; return North, 25. 162, 234, 26. 22, 25; guard of prisoners of war, 25. 234; reform postponed, 26. 22; soldiers court-martialed, 372. See also Hand, Edward; Irvine, William; Pennsylvania (especially “recruiting”); St. Clair, Arthur; Wayne, Anthony; regiments by name.

Pennsylvania Colonial Records , 1. 418 n .

Pennsylvania Committee (Council) of Safety,* arms, and equipment, 5. 18, 7. 68, 73, 78, 238; militia for New Jersey posts, 5. 247; militia calls, 7. 35, 245, 262; Washington's thanks, 78; Delaware forts, 82; information, 266; arrangement of officers, 346.

Pennsylvania Eighth Regiment, rank dispute, 7. 145, 326; officers, 183 n , 326 n , 9. 94 n , 11. 386 n , 12. 197 n , 15. 320 n , 16. 480, 19. 378 n , 25. 281 n ; need of officers, 7. 296, 326; post, 438; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 483, 8. 23, 24, 154, 177, 402, 11. 487, 17. 66 n , 20. 175, 179; distracted state, 7. 484; brigaded, 8. 100; desertions, prevalence, inquiry, 123, 9. 362; paymaster, 168, 10. 152; recruiting interference, 9. 175; frontier, Fort Pitt, 362, 11. 440, 16. 477; right to local service, 10. 520, 11. 53; status, 144; new arrangement, 14. 333, 15. 320; Detroit expedition, 22. 185, 188; clothing, 187. See also Brodhead, Daniel.

Pennsylvania Eleventh Regiment, officers, 6. 192 n , 7. 145 n , 184, 266 n , 452 n , 8. 177 n , 10. 505 n , 11. 229 n , 246 n , 382 n , 389 n , 12. 48 n , 59 n , 69 n , 218 n , 459 n , 13. 55 n , 155 n , 14. 190 n , 356 n , 402 n , 439 n , 15. 162 n , 184 n , 185, 222, 300, 306 n , 18. 192 n , 221 n , 467 n , 19. 109 n ; Hartley's and Patton's regiments, 6. 493 n , 0036 517 498 n ; march, 7. 442; post, 452 n , 453; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 8. 59, 177, 201, 343, 425, 9. 30, 11. 202, 12. 58 n , 18. 319, 408, 422 n ; brigaded, 8. 100, 19. 301; disputed men , 14. 325; new arrangement, command, 333, 15. 183, 185, 277, 480, 16. 47; company to, 14. 402; Iroquois expedition, force, 15. 188, 196; clothing, 200, 17. 304; and Wilkie's company, 16. 112; gratuity, 17. 96; light-corps troops, 18. 191. See also Hubley, Adam; Humpton, Richard.

Pennsylvania Evening Post , 4. 440 n .

Pennsylvania Fifth Regiment, officers, 5. 208 n , 6. 194 n , 7. 452 n , 483 n , 8. 141 n , 9. 89 n , 10. 1 n , 320 n , 322 n , 359 n , 464 n , 475 n , 11. 132 n , 234 n , 259 n , 12. 92 n , 388 n , 13. 60 n , 155 n , 14. 67 n , 154 n , 15. 267 n , 306 n , 412 n , 17. 121 n , 310 n , 343 n , 18. 192 n , 240 n , 249 n , 290 n , 19. 152 n , 20. 81 n , 186 n , 252 n , 292 n , 328 n , 21. 47 n ; soldiers and officer court-martialed, 7. 483, 484, 8. 23, 24, 9. 29, 89, 167, 10. 499, 12. 312, 396, 18. 23, 143, 144, 22. 133; brigaded, 8. 100; staff officers, 12. 388, 13. 171, 19. 190; new arrangement, 15. 248; an Clove, 266; light-corps troops, 18. 191. See also Butler, Richard; Johnston, Francis; Magaw, Robert.

Pennsylvania First Regiment, need of officers, 7. 327; appointment of officers, 8. 29; brigaded, 100; officers and soldiers court-martialed, 245, 361, 10. 298, 320, 12. 358, 416, 15. 183, 16. 126, 18. 59, 142, 143, 24. 325; officers, 10. 298 n , 462 n , 503 n , 11. 97 n , 132 n , 12. 12 n , 23 n , 312 n , 416 n , 13. 74 n , 107 n , 136 n , 171 n , 14. 325 n , 15. 146 n , 300 n , 17. 139 n , 18. 192 n , 268 n , 360 n , 19. 192 n , 261 n , 265 n , 364 n , 20. 63 n , 287 n , 347 n , 22. 133 n , 23. 206 n , 306, 463 n , 465 n , 24. 329 n ; irregular ranking, 10. 462, 485; recruiting, 503, 505; in plan of march, 11. 465; staff officers, 13. 4, 16. 134, 18. 316; objection to officer, 14. 190; review, 15. 48; in Clove, 266; rifle corps, 19. 252. See also Brodhead, Daniel; Chambers, James; Hand, Edward.

Pennsylvania Fourth Regiment, officers, 5. 180 n , 6. 45 n , 133 n , 192 n , 7. 452 n , 10. 259 n , 503 n , 11. 132 n , 174 n , 12. 239 n , 283 n , 360 n , 459 n , 13. 252 n , 14. 250 n , 15. 306 n , 412 n , 430 n , 472 n , 16. 250 n , 17. 82 n , 139 n , 299, 18. 221 n , 285 n , 19. 192 n , 23. 206 n , 24. 478 n ; march, 7. 442; temporary coalescence, post, 7. 451; recruiting, 452, 10. 503, 505; brigaded, 8. 100; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 153, 269, 361, 402, 403, 436, 9. 29, 10. 359, 500, 15. 436, 18. 296, 346, 408, 422 n , 19. 173, 352 n , 372, 373; company added, 10. 14; court of inquiry on officer, 122; detachment, 12. 190 n ; frontier defense, 200; clothing, 13. 292, 17. 304; new arrangement, 14. 333, 15. 306, 16. 2; light-corps troops, 18. 191; staff officers, 378; claim to men, 19. 173, 221; brigaded, 301. See also Butler, William; Cadwalader, Lambert; Wayne, Anthony.

Pennsylvania Gazette , 1. 24 n .

Pennsylvania General Assembly,* militia reform, 7. 79; remonstrance on winter quarters, 10. 195; addresses, 23. 263, 27. 264, 30. 395 n .

Pennsylvania Herald , to Mount Vernon, 29. 438.

Pennsylvania House of Representatives,* address, 35. 392.

Pennsylvania Independent Artillery, regimenting, 18. 277.

Pennsylvania Independent Company, officer, 16. 112 n .

Pennsylvania Insurrection Papers, material from, 33. 462 n .

Pennsylvania Journal , 1. 89 n .

Pennsylvania Ledger , 5. 57 n .

Pennsylvania Legislature,* dine with president, 34. 139 n ; Washington's birthday, 477 n .

Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , 4. 181 n .

Pennsylvania Mercury , to Mount Vernon, 28. 430.

Pennsylvania Musket Battalion, officers, 5. 422 n , 426, 15. 71 n , 18. 230 n . See also Atlee, Samuel John.

Pennsylvania Navy Board (State Navy),* vessels, 4. 241, 297; friction, 11. 8 n ; galleys in upper Delaware River, 12, 88.

Pennsylvania Ninth Regiment, soldiers and officers court-martialed, 7. 183, 8. 153, 177, 201, 211, 425, 9. 30, 10. 500, 11. 265, 377, 12. 54, 92, 14. 358, 426, 16. 498; officers, 8. 73 n , 9. 461 n , 11. 259 n , 377 n , 426 n , 12. 69 n , 13. 60 n , 107 n , 14. 63 n , 154 n , 15. 146 n , 17. 103, 310 n , 362 n , 443 n , 18. 260 n , 295 n , 360 n , 20. 252 n ; brigaded, 8. 88, 89, 129; disputed men, 10. 19; clothing, 448, 483 n , 504; staff officers, 13. 107 n , 155; in Clove, 15. 266; light-corps troops, 18. 191. See also Butler, Richard; Morris, Anthony James; Nagel, George.

Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser , 5. 57 n ; to Mount Vernon, irregularity, 24. 488 n , 28. 56, 104, 136, 142, 211, 349, 430, 29. 438; Washington's advertisement, 27. 356 n ; to headquarters, 28. 384; on Washington's illness, 30. 349 n .

Pennsylvania Register , material from, 10. 456 n .

Pennsylvania regiments. See above and below; First Infantry.

Pennsylvania Second Regiment, brigaded, 8. 100; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 9. 121, 11. 354, 12. 92, 273, 416, 13. 273, 15. 67, 16. 234, 23. 135, 24. 132; officers, 9. 167 n , 12. 69 n , 374 n , 416 n , 13. 433 n , 452 n , 14. 16, 16 n , 63 n , 154 n , 235, 15. 46 n , 146 n , 300 n , 306 n , 480 n , 16. 21 n , 47 n , 218 n , 18. 142, 143 n , 192 n , 249 n , 260 n , 268 n , 295 n , 315 n , 404 n , 19. 261 n , 477 n , 498 n , 502 n , 20. 63 n , 186 n , 261 4, 287 n , 347 n , 23. 264 n , 384 n , 465 4, 24. 312 n , 25. 136 n ; in plan of march, 11. 465; staff officers, 12. 361, 13. 74, 16. 65; in Clove, 15. 266; light-corps troops, 18. 191. See also Bicker, Henry; De Haas, John Philip; Humpton. Richard; Irvine, James; St. Clair, Arthur; Stewart, Walter.

Pennsylvania Senate,* address, 35. 365.

Pennsylvania Seventh Regiment, officers, 7. 357 n , 374 n , 11. 208 n , 12. 21 n , 154 n 14. 67 n , 154 n , 325 n , 439 n , 15. 45 n , 162 n , 267 n , 18. 192 n , 290 n , 19. 192 n , 423 n ; brigaded, 8. 100; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 201, 211, 268, 269, 286, 436, 10. 359, 500, 13. 246, 15. 72, 17. 139, 18. 110, 19. 224, 477, 20. 335; disputed men, 10. 19; staff officers, 12. 360, 361, 16. 250; command, 15. 183 n , 19. 274; new arrangement, 15, 248; in Clove, 266; light-corps troops, 18. 191. See also Connor, Morgan; Grier, David; Irvine, William.

Pennsylvania Sixth Regiment, officers, 4. 513 n , 5. 38 n , 6. 38 n , 127 n , 7. 145 n , 452 n , 8. 73 n , 9. 168 n , 10. 205 n , 289 n , 312 n , 11. 386 n , 499 n , 12. 13 n , 154 n , 301 n , 388 n , 13. 251 n , 14. 325 n , 15. 480 n , 16. 499, 18. 192 n , 290 n , 19. 98 n , 23. 463 n , 24. 312 n , 30. 31 n ; brigaded, 8. 88, 89, 100, 129; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 9. 168, 10. 289, 312, 508, 11. 48, 15. 71, 163, 24. 311; refusal to serve, 8. 169; clothing, 10. 448, 483 n , 504; staff officers, 12. 388, 13. 252, 15. 413 n , 17. 3 n , 19. 364, 20. 261; in Clove, 15. 266; soldiers assigned to, 19. 173, 221. See also Bicker, Henry; Humpton, Richard; Irvine, William; Magaw, Robert.

Pennsylvania State Navy. See Pennsylvania Navy Board.

Pennsylvania State Regiment. See Pennsylvania Thirteenth Regiment.

Pennsylvania Supreme Council,* Delaware River survey, 8. 490; Washington portrait, 14. 33, 33 n , facing 34; charges against Arnold, letter, 80, 418, 420, 442, 442 n , 448–451, 457, 15. 22, 82, 86, 110, 208, 209, 280, 18. 223, 20. 370; abuse of passes, 14. 99, 101; Delaware River works, 399; Bermudian trade, 454; line and state protection, 15. 109; memorial of officers on new arrangement, 18. 196; addresses, 23. 363, 27. 263, 30. 289 n ; on compensation for Washington, 27. 301, 302 n ; Franklin, 28. 308, 338. See also Pennsylvania, president of.

Pennsylvania Supreme Court,* address, 30. 289 n .

Pennsylvania Tenth Regiment, officers, 6. 127 n , 7. 25 n , 8. 141 n , 9. 360 n , 10. 320 n , 11. 21 n , 174 n , 229 n , 234 n , 253 n , 12. 11 n , 23 n , 48 n , 311, 13. 107 n , 14. 167 n , 235, 15. 37 n , 146 4, 212 n , 300 n , 16. 36 n , 19. 98 n , 192 n ; march, 7. 442; temporary coalescence, post, 451, 453; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 0038 519 8. 23, 154, 9. 360, 403, 404, 11. 21, 253, 266, 454, 487, 12. 23, 48, 54, 16. 450 n , 18. 110, 144, 342, 422 n , 20. 347 n ; brigaded, 8. 100; company added, 10. 18; irregular promotion, 461, 485; staff officers, 12. 311, 18. 360, 20. 287; review, 15. 48; new arrangement, 248; in Clove, 266; detailed men, 16. 435; absentees, 17. 427; light corps troops, 18. 191. See also Hubley, Adam; Humpton, Richard; Nagel, George; Penrose, Joseph.

Pennsylvania Third Regiment, officers, 5. 237 n , 6. 127 n , 133 n , 192, 437 n , 7. 145 n , 184 n , 452 n , 8. 436 n , 10. 117 n , 205 n , 11. 174 n , 259 n , 367 n , 386 n , 464 n , 12. 22 n , 23 n , 53 n , 92 n , 145 n , 154 n , 329 n , 13. 60, 204 n , 252 n , 314 n , 14. 325 n , 338 n , 437 n , 15. 146 n , 267 n , 300 n , 480 n , 16. 47 n , 134 n , 250 n , 17. 82 n , 121 n , 160 n , 18. 161 n , 192 n , 240 n , 290 n , 378 n , 433 n , 19. 17 n , 34 n , 98 n , 261 n , 378 n , 20. 252 n , 21. 502 n , 25. 131 n , 190 n , 26. 257 n , 28. 59 n ; soldiers and officers court-martialed, 7. 183, 364, 8. 153, 154, 405, 435, 436, 11. 367, 12. 22, 256, 15. 163, 183, 17. 343, 344, 18. 3, 64, 381, 19. 3, 4, 152, 163, 263; slow recruiting, 7. 453; march, 442; temporary coalescence, post, 451; brigaded, 8. 88, 89, 100, 129; clothing, 10. 448, 483 n , 504; staff officers, 13. 107, 15. 85 n , 20. 76 n , 26. 446, 451; in Clove, 15. 266; light-corps troops, 18. 191; rifle corps, 19. 252. See also Butler, Richard; Cadwalader, Lambert; Craig, Thomas; Shee, John; Wood, Joseph.

Pennsylvania Thirteenth Regiment, officers, 6. 328 n , 7. 145 n , 410 n , 11. 142 n , 20. 243 n ; officer suspended, 9. 378; clothing, 10. 448, 483 n ; 504; soldier and officer court-martialed, 10. 500, 11. 60; officer captured, 10. 504. See also Stewart, Walter.

Pennsylvania Twelfth Regiment, soldiers and officers court-martialed, 7. 337, 8. 59, 177, 361, 425, 9. 89, 120, 303, 10. 289, 404, 11. 10, 12. 7; brigaded, 8. 88, 89, 100, 129; recruiting, 10. 503, 505; officers, 503 n , 522 n , 11. 89 n , 229; fight to local service, 10. 520, 11. 53; status, 144. See also Cooke, William.

Penny Town, N. J. See Pennington.

Pennypack Creek, Pa., flour mills, 10. 413.

Pennypackers (Pennybeckets) Mill, Pa., headquarters, letters and orders from, 9. 274–286, 308, 37. 541.

Penobscot, Me., expedition, British fleet, failure, 16. 38, 43, 50, 53, 57, 58, 70, 117, 189, 268; proposed new joint expedition, 18. 270, 21. 210, 351, 441, 442, 24. 214, 497–502, 25. 6, 26. 152–156, 257 n ; British force, information sought, 18. 362, 485, 24. 181, 195, 231, 26. 254; proposed post, British evacuation, 378, 406, 430, 27. 183, 233.

Penobscot Indians, attitude, use, 5. 221, 261, 365, 6. 235, 236, 434, 436.

Penrose, Lieut. Col . ( Col .) Joseph, at court-martial, 6. 194; doctored returns of regiment, 7. 218; Delaware River defense, 9. 217; service, 217 n . See also Pennsylvania Tenth.

Pensacola, Fla., British protection, 16. 352 n ; Spanish expedition, and Southern campaign, 20. 476 n , 481–484, 21. 47, 52, 225 n , 359; French fleet, 7 n ; Spanish capture, 22. 25, 135, 147, 181, 242, 365; property of American supporters, 88; garrison permitted to go to New York, 357, 23. 211; proposed Indian conference, 34. 117, 124, 129. See also Floridas.

Pensauken Creek, N. J., British route, 11. 445.

Pensions, French war regular, for disabled, 1. 431, 2. 14; officers' widows, 7. 206, 482, facing 482, 14. 31; advised, justice, 10. 144 n , 26. 493; basis of requirement, 10. 363–365; foreign volunteer, 12. 501 n ; widows and children, congressional resolve, 16. 186 n , 203, 214; disability, examination, 24. 363, 397, 460, 461, 464, 25. 8, 32, 48, 144, 411, 423, 433, 26. 297, 483, 27, 200; proposed Virginia, for Washington's mother, 21. 341, 342, 26. 43; signing, 27. 236; disabled officers, 279, 307; justices and administration, 32. 21, 135 n . See also Annuity; Half-pay.

Penyer, —, of Cambridge, 3. 516.

People, confidence and true interest, 19. 114; power under Constitution, 29. 311, 30. 299. See also Liberty; Public opinion.

Pepper, order, 3. 99; issue to officers, 16. 322, 330.

Pepperrell, Elizabeth (Royall), lady , death, 30. 483.

Pepperrell, Sir William, regiment and Braddock's defeat, 1. 151 n ; funeral sermon, 30. 483.

Pequannock, N. J., headquarters, letters from, 19. 72–75.

Pequille Mountain, Pa., 15. 16.

Perce, Capt . William, New York militia company, 5. 244 n .

Percival, Capt . Timothy, exchange, 7. 85, 87, 88.

Percy, Hugh, earl , Lexington and Concord, 3. 291; ordered home, 4. 12; Dorchester Heights, 375, 384, 397, Newport, 6. 366 n , 7. 206, 8. 126; supposed movements (1777), 7. 96 n , 99, 100, 168, 172, 176, 178, 196.

Periagua, described, 5. 77 n ; use, 14. 114, 24. 41. See also Boats.

Periodicals, antebellum English, for Washington, 2. 125, 3. 94, 141; free mail, 30. 305; agricultural, 31. 63, 32. 58–60, 427, 431, 33. 384, 34. 406. See also American Museum ; Newspapers.

Perjury, military cases, 11. 8, 12. 49, 17. 138, 24. 312.

Perkins, —,* jackasses, 31. 341.

Perkins, Capt . Benjamin, court-martial, 3. 343.

Perkins, Capt . Ebenezer, return to regiment, 16. 481; resignation, 481 n , 19. 251.

Perkins, Dr . Elisha, rheumatism remedy, 35. 207.

Perkins, Capt . ( Maj .) William,* company, 3. 377; artillery in Rhode Island, moving, 17. 269, 271, 18. 217, 244, 338, 412, 412 n , 19. 122, 22. 153; service, 17. 269 n ;. to main camp, 18. 245.

Perkiomen, Pa., baggage and ammunition, 9. 233; headquarters, orders and letters from, 274–286, 308.

Perote, —, claim, 21. 174.

Perquimans County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236, 32. 311.

Perrin, Susannah, Mrs. Washington, 32. 29.

Perry, —, lambs for Mount Vernon, 28. 479.

Perry, —, of western Virginia, land affairs, 30. 234, 31. 7, 35. 461, 462.

Perry, Henry, court-martial, 13. 137.

Perry, Capt . John, court-martial, 3. 482.

Perry, Robert, court-martial, capital penalty, 15. 71; execution, 101.

Perry, Thomas, court-martial, 5. 141.

Perseppency, N. J., Livingston's home, 17. 398.

Perseus , H. M. S., 8. 65 n .

Persse, William,* and Washington, 29. 424; gift, 30. 216, 217, 219.

Pert, Ensign Griffen, rank, 2. 56; resignation, 91.

Perth Amboy, N. J. See Amboy.

Pests, agricultural. See Wheat.

Peter, slave blacksmith (?), 37. 486.

Peter, Eleanor, 35. 511.

Peter, George, army appointment, 37. 120, 193; service, 120 n .

Peter, Martha Parke (Custis), Mount Vernon, 35. 467, 494, 36. 246, 37. 378; daughter, 36. 92, Washington's bequest, 37. 292; grandmother's illness, 353; son, 452. See also Custis, Martha Parke.

Peter, Robert,* federal district affairs, 31. 287, 32. 11 n ; wharves, 31. 323, 351; tobacco, 37. 197.

Peter, Thomas [1], and tobacco, 37. 197.

Peter, Thomas [2],* marriage, 27. 59 n , 34. 93 n , 37. 292 n ; desired loan, 33. 487, 488; fiancée, 500 n ; federal district affairs, 34. 200; Mount Vernon, 35. 459, 511, 36. 246, 37. 353, 378; cattle, 35. 466, 467; daughter, 36. 92; clerk for Washington, 166, 177; Washington to visit, 265; tobacco notes, 321, 336, 407, 408, 427, 37. 196, 197, 309; army appointment for brother, letter, 120; Woodstock Manor, 298 n ; hemp seed, 452; son, 452.

Peter, Walter G., acknowledgment to, 35. 467 n .

Peter Tustees Spring, Va., 2. 46.

Peterborough, bishop of. See Hinchcliffe, John.

Peters, Capt . ( Maj., Lieut. Col .) Andrew, company, if. 181, 468; service, 468 n , 15. 476 n , 17. 275 n , 19. 466 n ; at court-martial, 11. 225; brigade major, 15. 476; promotion, 17. 275, 19. 481; officer of the day, 466, 20. 72, 140, 257, 380; as officer, 36. 333.

Peters, Jesse D. B., acknowledgment to, 29. 147 n .

Peters, John, 4. 323 n , 361 n .

Peters, Capt . Nathan, at court of inquiry, 5. 470.

Peters, Rev . Richard,* and Washington, 1. 206 n ; and Fairfax, 2. 136; letter to, 264 n .

Peters, Richard,* secretary of Board of War, member, 5. 128 n , 238, 15. 246; bears letter, 8. 248; official papers, 14. 130; 1782 campaign, 22. 495; conference, queries, 23. 14 n , 28 n , 32 n ; intelligence, 277; McLane, 277; Congress, committees, 26. 86 n , 232 n , 251 n , 334 n , 27. 7 n , 86 n , 118 n , 120 n , 174 n , 192; meeting on army threats, 26. 188 n ; harrow, 29. 436, 439; potato riddle, 30. 109; agricultural data for England, 32. 60, 71, 459, 33. 76, 35. 95; on English plow, 32. 248; oat seed, 33. 256; state agricultural society, 261; agricultural pamphlets, dedication, 324, 333, 35. 323, 324, 371; office, 34. 169; Sinclair's project, 484; Hessian fly, 35. 479; wheat, 509.

Peters, Richard, dragoon, court-martialed, 19. 466.

Peters, Thomas,* of Baltimore, wheat fan, 27. 453; barley seed, 29. 102, 103, 147, 154, 30. 94.

Petersburg, Va.,* route by, 17. 135; rendezvous, 18. 285, 289, 291, 23. 267, 270; British at, 22. 91, 93, 138, 155; presidential tour, address, 31. 230, 231, 261, 282 n ; letter from, 284; neutrality, 33. 101; Jay Treaty, 34. 254 n ; Pinckney reception, 37. 91.

Peterson, —, shipmaster, 2. 513, 3. 62, 80, 89, 90, 140, 145, 37. 491.

Peterson, Lieut . David, court-martial, cashiered, 19. 497, 498.

Peterson & Taylor,* flooring, 29. 84; lumber, herring in payment, 353–356, 366, 417, 418, 496, 30 18.

Petit, —, corn, 29. 118.

Petite Démocrate, privateer, 33. 5 n , 90.

Petrie, Dr . —, Washington's accounts, 27. 71 n .

Pettiauger. See Periagua.

Pettibone, Col . Jonathan, regiment, brigaded, 5. 504.

Petticoats, order, 2. 333.

Pettingall. See Pettingill.

Pettingill, Capt . ( Maj .) Joseph,* rank, 15. 321, 16. 52; service, 15. 321 n , 19. 313 n ; inspector, 313; officer of the day, 478, 20. 31, 81, 109, 141, 185, 233, 261, 302, 379, 25. 154, 218, 259, 373, 402, 432, 26. 101, 141, 296; recruiting service, allowance, 24. 134, 318, 27. 243.

Pettit, Charles,* letter to, 5. 274 n ; quartermaster department office, 11. 140, 12. 411, 412; moving stores, 417; forage, 478, 479; barracks, on material, 508 n , 13. 87; on flour supply, 147; boats, 15. 150; wagons, 159; Mercer affairs, 18. 32, 37. 549, 550; resignation, 19. 366 n , 22. 348; articles for Washington, account, 21. 249, 250, 29. 271, 272, 281, 283, 326, 393; blankbooks, 22. 148, 259; G. W. Greene, 25. 267; Washington's finances, 470; entertainment for Washington, 27. 254; ratification, 30. 40–42; federal office, 413, 34. 169.

Petty, John. See Wycombe.

Petty, William. See Lansdowne.

Pewter, places ordered, 2. 414.

Peyronie. See La Peyronie.

Peyton, Craven,* appraisement, 3. 116; Fairfax affairs, 223, 290, 291, 11. 62, 28. 474, 37. 502; land plat, 3. 252; Mercer affairs, 252, 286, 5. 459; as attorney, 264; death, 28, 477.

Peyton, Francis,* Greene, 11. 155 n ; Mercer affairs, 18. 247, 30. 193, 37. 516, 521, 561; arbitration, 30. 208; Washington's account, 220.

Peyton, Capt . Garnett, selection of army officers, 37. 242 n .

Peyton, Harriet, Mrs. Washington, 32. 27.

Peyton, Lieut. Col . Henry,* militia detachment, 1. 346, 348, 349, 368, 371, 373–377.

Peyton, Cornet ( Lieut., Capt .) Henry, cavalry promotion, 7. 338, 11. 206, 251, 18. 234, 479, bears letter, 11. 86; service, 206 n , 17. 401 n ; Sandy Hook exploit. 401, 422.

Peyton, Sir John, daughter, 32. 27.

Peyton, Valentine, son, 3. 116 n .

Peyton, Valentine, army appointment, 36. 360.

Pheasants, for Mount Vernon, 29. 59, 74, 93, 94; death, bodies to Peale's museum, 139, 163, 168, 178.

Phelon, Lieut . Edward, Paterson's aide, 26. 270.

Phelps, Oliver, (& Co.),* cattle, meat, 21. 29, 122, 465, 22. 30, 148, 198, 217; bears letter, 24. 115; provisions contract, 118, 146, 154 n , 368, 369; Seneca complaint, 31. 180, 181.

Phelps. Sergt . William, attacked, 6. 119.

Philadelphia, Pa., French war supplies, 1. 173, 463, 2. 207; Washington's colonial visits, 1. 297 n , 298, 299; French war conference, 2. 4; nonimportation, 500 n ; as place for Continental Congress, 3. 235; letters from: civil (1774–75), 244, 290–301, 37. 510; military (1776), 5. 78, 85, 86, 91, 96, 97; (1777), 9. 2, 5–20, 23–25; (1778–79), 13. 454–502, 14. 1–66, 129 n ; (1781), 23. 69–87; (1781–82), 359–502, 24. 1–88, 37. 555; (1782), 24. 430–438; (1783), 27. 262–276, 37. 559; civil (1784), 27. 393–405; (1787), 29. 213–217; (1789), 30. 289, 290; presidential (1790), 31. 110, 160–186, 37. 574, 575; (1791), 31. 190–250, 310–374, 395–453; (1792), 453–515, 32. 1–43, 50–87, 177–291; (1793), 291–404, 419–510, 33. 4–88, 158–230; (1794), 230–409, 423–452, 502–517, 34. 9–76; (1795), 76–176, 186–242, 272–302, 339–412; (1796), 413–510, 35. 1–93, 185–214, 251–350; (1797), 350–422; civil and military (1798), 37. 14–58;—Washington's departure for army, 3. 301 n ; Mrs. Washington, receptions, 4. 165, 185, 13. 222, 16. 472, 472 n , 17. 81, 27. 179; loan of arms, 5. 18, 19; Washington at, in wartime, 78 n , 8. 505 n , 15. 452 n , 25. 71, 361, 24. 430, 27. 262 n ; line regiments at (1776), 5. 121, 136; carpenters for lake fleet, 189, 248, 259, 292; British objective (1776), expected fall, 6. 121, 244, 250, 254, 266, 279, 309, 318–320, 336, 340–342, 346, 349, 352, 354, 355, 358, 372, 390, 395, 398, 401, 413, 420, 423, 424, 433, 439, 440; militia in New Jersey campaign, 314, 318, 325, 334, 335, 337, 346–348, 352, 357, 362, 363, 372, 396, 397, 413, 470; panic, 321 n ; measures for defense, militia, 338–341, 345, 352, 353 n , 357, 371, 400, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423–425, 433, 438–440, 446, 457; flight of Congress, 353, 354 n , 371, 372; executive 0042 523 committee of Congress, 421 n ; artillery establishment, 7. 19, 22, 32; later militia in New Jersey, dismissal, new call, 29, 34, 55, 56, 262, 386; expected renewal of movement against (1777), measures to meet it, 29, 32, 38, 164–166, 175–177, 185, 187, 221 n , 223, 256, 273, 275, 280, 282, 295, 385, 386, 388, 392, 394, 395, 400, 403, 409, 413, 425, 428, 436, 444; letter to commanding officer, 58; station for recruits, equipment, forwarding, 72, 78, 105, 110, 111, 219, 245, 249, 250, 261, 264, 279, 372–374, 401, 437, 446, 453; smallpox among recruits, inoculation at, 72, 76, 129, 219, 220, 230, 238, 245, 278; removing magazines and horses, 164, 182, 184, 188, 203, 221, 223, 226, 385, 402, 421, 426, 8. 204, 9. 229, 236, 249, 250; delay of Congress in returning, 7. 177 n , 192; command at, 232, 238, 267, 8. 195, 12. 84, 88, 89, 94, 133, 301, 17. 95; expected water attack, 7. 361; supplies for British, 433, 434, 478; as probable British objective (May–June 1777), 8. 43, 131, 136, 144 n , 145, 147, 150, 151, 157, 195, 196, 204, 241; interdicted to troops, 9. 2, 28, 46, 100, 116; march through (1777), 125–128; guard against surprise attack, 128; army bread, 186; stragglers after Brandywine, 212, 217, 218; proposed impressment of supplies, 249, 275; defenses of reoccupied, 12. 133–135, 13. 133, 189, 262, 437, 14. 307, 399; collecting stragglers after reoccupation, 12. 236; returns of troops in (1778), 301; troops to camp, 437; winter post, 13. 362, 363, 372, 392, 436, 438; charges against Arnold as commandant, trial [ see Arnold, Benedict (charges)]; militia guard, 14. 143, 346; possible plans against (1779), 306, 309, 15. 300; (1781), 21. 448, 449, 451, 456, 470; later stores, application, magazines, protection, 15. 82, 158, 160, 16. 280, 17. 136; route by, 135; specific supplies, 18. 253, 20. 451 n , 22. 245; ladies' gaff to army, 19. 71, 167, 216, 334, 350, 351, 21. 4, 5, 28, 35, 101, 102, 221, 222; French officers, 136, 137 n , 149, 226, 440; invalid corps, removed, 269, 22. 121, 241, 242, 488, 490; merchants and Pennsylvania line reform, 21. 280 n ; prisoners of war, 389, 22. 130 n , 23. 383, 384, 444, 24. 21–24, 64, 93, 427, 429, 25. 319; shipping for Yorktown march, 22. 450; returns on visiting officers, 23. 392; addresses: York. town, 394; retirement from command, 27. 262–270; presidency, 30. 289 n , 290; neutrality, 32. 460; Jay Treaty, 34. 250, 259, 278 n ; retirement from presidency, 35. 397 n , 401 n , 416;—line guards, inspection, 25. 404, 24. 51; Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, medal for Washington, 23. 404; threats against Reed, 24. 76; courts. martial at, 310, 311, 25. 252, 26. 24; Washington-Rochambeau conference, 24. 382–384, 411, 414, 422, 425, 432, 433, 471; mutiny affair, 27. 32–37, 37 n , 42, 42 n , 45, 47, 68, 70 n , 100, 114, 147, 162, 170; goods for Washington, 160, 179 [ see also Biddle, Clement]; dinners to Washington, 254, 262 n , 30. 289 n ; taverns, 28. 388, 30. 289 n ; Quakers and slaves of visitors, 28. 407, 408, 37. 573; conveniences for meeting of Cincinnati, 29. 26; fur trade, 218, 220, 32. 150; ratification celebration, 30. 20; seat of government contest, 53, 83, 91, 100; illumination and mob, 267; presidential progress, 289 n ; presidential party at (1790), 31. 99, 110; schools, 128, 133, 140, 146; excise survey, 236; new buildings for federal government, 261, 263, 264, 288, 372–374, 376, 377, 381, 504; hindrance of federal district work, 495; artillery company for defense (1798), 37. 39. See also next titles; Bank; Continental Congress; Federal Convention; Presidency; Presidential mansion; Yellow fever.

Philadelphia Agricultural Society.* See Philadelphia Society.

Philadelphia campaign, maps, guides, roads, 8. 372, 491, 493, 9. 162; British fleet, probable destination, 8. 453, 461, 462, 466, 468, 470, 471, 473, 478, 483, 484, 491, 492, 496, 497, 499, 502; militia orders, 453, 462, 463, 471, 475, 476, 491, 501; American concentration and movement into Pennsylvania, 460–468, 472, 475, 477–481, 484, 486–488, 490–493, 500–505, 57. 540; artillery, 8. 460, 9. 332; dragoons, 8. 464, 468, 9. 131, 133, 148, 214, 214 n , 288, 358; troops left in New Jersey, 8. 476, 486, 497, 501, 505; attack on Staten Island, 477–480, 486, 500; plans against British Delaware landing, 490, 493, 496; halt awaiting development of British plans, 496–499, 502, 37. 540; British in Delaware Bay, 8. 503–507; they leave, American doubts, retrograde movements, 9. 1–8, 15, 18, 21–24, 26, 34, 36, 37, 40–46, 54, 55, 0043 524 57, 65, 76, 92, 102. 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 123; new movement into Pennsylvania, 2, 21, 40; and Burgoyne campaign, 13, 14, 16; harassments of marching 18, 21, 40; British fleet off Maryland coast, 37, 43, 45, 55, 57, 60, 66, 107, 110, 112; volunteers, 40, 157; British fleet off Virginia capes, 106, 111, 113; American plans if Howe goes South, 107–110, 113, 118 n ; British fleet in Chesapeake, 115, 116, 118, 128; American concentration and march toward Chesapeake, 115, 116, 119, 124, 127, 129–133, 136–138, 140, 145, 176, 184; militia, assemblage, use: before Brandywine, 128–130, 132, 136–138, 140–143, 147, 149–151, 153, 160, 174–177, 184, 195 n , 196 n , 198, 202; after Brandywine, 210, 215, 216, 222–224, 230, 232, 238, 240, 246, 252, 258, 260, 261, 263 n , 265, 268–275, 277, 278, 282, 284, 293; after Germantown, 311, 317, 320, 323, 337, 338, 341, 344, 350, 353, 383–386, 398, 405, 408, 444, 451, 453, 462, 474, 479, 483, 496;—British landing and preliminary movements, harassing, 130, 131, 136, 142, 146–148, 155, 159, 162, 164, 172, 173, 177, 289; removing stock and stores, dismantling mills, 130, 132, 137, 141, 146, 150, 151, 153, 156, 185, 196, 214, 229, 236, 249, 250, 270, 271, 289, 291, 292, 294, 314, 315, 315 n , 317, 359, 470, 475; arms and ammunition, lack, damage, 132, 137, 139, 140, 153, 163, 169, 175, 222, 230, 231, 234, 237, 238, 240, 258, 262, 272, 274, 362, 366, 478; American reconnaissance, Washington, 132, 133, 136, 148, 172, 173, 183, 185, 195, 205, 214 n , 451; loyalists, 137, 141, 160, 195 n , 257, 317, 318, 352, 358, 408, 12. 9; flank and rear menace of British, 9. 141–143, 150, 155, 162, 164, 185, 195 n , 198, 202, 210, 222, 223, 235, 236, 240, 241; prisoners, deserters, skirmishes, forays, 143, 146, 148, 152, 155, 160, 164, 173, 187, 188, 195, 197, 288 n ; light-infantry corps, 145, 148, 149, 173, 227, 266, 278, 438; Brandywine fords, guards, 149, 180; possible British plans, 152, 157, 171, 194, 197; Howe's proclamations, 152, 300, 306; British and American depredations, 152, 160, 162, 166, 167, 178, 243, 268, 289; positions, 173, 187, 188, 194, 196; movements of British shipping, 185, 186, 196–198, 271; British and American movements: to Brandywine, 196 199, 201, 203, 205; after Brandywine, 209, 214, 215, 219, 220, 225, 229–231, 235–242, 245–247, 252, 253, 258, 262, 265, 270, 272, 284, 297; after Germantown, 318, 320, 329, 333, 378, 382, 384, 398, 400, 402, 404, 405, 492, 10. 23, 27, 28, 30, 40, 51, 114;—defense of Philadelphia, proposed works, 9. 203, 215–217; battle of Brandywine, 206–208, 220, 227 n , 241, 242, 253, 272, 425, 426, 450; stragglers after battle, 209, 212, 217, 218; wounded in British hands, 217, 244; line reenforcements, route, delay, 219, 221, 224, 239, 245 n , 246–248, 253, 258, 260, 261, 263, 263 n , 264, 266, 270, 278, 280, 284, 287, 289, 296, 318, 320, 325, 327, 333, 335, 344, 349, 353, 372, 430, 441, 463–468, 471, 478, 10. 2, 3, 22, 29, 33, 38, 40, 53, 67, 77, 83, 86, 90, 91, 101, 113, 132; Schuylkill bridge, fords, works, 9. 220, 224, 237, 238, 242, 245 n , 257, 258, 262, 263, 397, 408; shortage of general officers, 227–229, 231; lack of supplies, efforts, impressment, 229, 233, 237, 238, 245 n , 248–250, 259, 263, 269, 270, 273, 275, 299, 318, 319, 324, 336, 351, 358, 365, 375, 390, 398, 415, 416, 424, 478, 480, 486, 487, 10. 101, 159, 162, 194; weather prevention of attack on British, 9. 231, 238, 258, 262, 272; dictatorship, 237, 11. 313 n , 323; Paoli, captured wounded, inquiry, trial, 9. 244, 352, 361, 421, 422, 491, 10. 99; British occupation of city, 9. 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 270, 273, 278, 295, 397; baggage, 254, 255, 37. 541; councils of war, proposed attacks, 9. 258, 261–263, 277–279, 284, 308, 441, 442, 461–464, 478, 10. 23, 103 n , 135, 202–205, 11. 185–187, 282, 366 n , 371; strength of forces, British superiority, 9. 278, 461, 462, 479, 10. 51, 52, 76, 113, 148, 161; Germantown attack postponed, 9. 277–279, 284; prospects after occupation of city, 287, 295, 300; battle of Germantown, 307, 309–311, 316, 319, 327, 329–332, 336, 346, 351 n , 352, 354, 357 n , 374, 397, 398, 452, 10. 28, 99, 117, 191; British at Wilmington, 9– 316, 344–346, 474; British land supply, prevention, patrol, punishments, 317, 337, 338, 345, 346, 392, 405, 408, 409, 421, 462, 470, 474, 484, 496, 10. 199, 215, 226, 231, 238, 246, 247, 261, 274, 275, 291–296, 302, 311, 328, 336, 337, 340, 403 n , 412, 413, 416, 417, 420, 434–436, 453, 458, 478, 479, 492, 493, 503, 508, 512, 522–525, 11. 11, 12 n , 14, 15, 48, 86, 89, 90, 112, 142, 143, 156, 158, 179, 202, 243, 253, 254, 273, 274, 283, 12. 13, 71; plans after Germantown, 9. 320; conditions in city, 323 n , 397, 11. 501; winter quarters or 0044 525 campaign, 9. 349, 441, 442 n , 480, 484, 10. 27, 53, 70, 72, 107, 133, 135, 144 n , 167, 186, 325, 471 n , 11. 46; general orders on example of Northern army, 9. 377, 391. 402; British retire from Germantown, 400, 402, 407, 413, 417, 452; Stephen's conduct, 436. 493; Maxwell's conduct, 438, 470; situation (November), 461, 477, 10. 53; British reenforcements, counteracting, expected sortie, 9. 471, 479, 483, 10. 2, 4, 8, 9, 22, 29, 38, 42, 53, 67, 104, 107, 113, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127–129, 134, 138, 11. 112, 118, 120, 138, 145, 146, 158, 167, 168, 170–172, 178, 181, 182, 195, 236, 349, 352, 370; British water,line supply, intercepting. 10. 29, 220, 245, 260, 262, 338, 357, 12. 407; dragoon exploit, 10. 32; inadequate exertions of Pennsylvania, 51; passes, 78, 93. 207. 354, 357, 412, 11. 12 n , 65, 155, 421, 434, 482; proposed civilian service, 10. 97; intelligence, 193, 115, 118, 142, 164, 169, 182, 11. 152, 398, 402, 406, 419, 448–450, 469, 12. 13; reconnaissance on city lines, 10. 104; popular misunderstanding and demands, 106, 107; results, general orders on, 114, 167; British line and works, 132, 202, 325, 11. 363; British movements, raids, skirmishes, 10. 140, 142–147, 149, 11. 6, 106, 109, 111, 120, 135, 148–150, 171, 241, 256, 266, 308, 358, 359, 388, 434, 435; army discontent, 10. 144 n ; march to Valley Forge. Gulph affair, lost opportunity, 156, 157 n ; removing supplies and inhabitants from British front, 159 n , 162, 231, 316, 454, 466, 11. 13, 120, 166, 171, 179, 223; removal of printing material, 288 n ; sailing of empty transports, 332; prisoners of war in the city, 372, 416, 421, 503, 12. 13, 16, 25, 64; Barren Hill, 11. 416, 418–420, 435, 443, 484, 13. 459, 28. 345; militia at unauthorized posts. 11. 417; Emlen house headquarters, 13. 386 n ; McLane's services, 24. 44; Armand's services, 27. 275; care of sick, 37. 541. See also Delaware River; General orders ( 1777, July–1778, June ); Intercourse; Monmouth campaign; Patrol, Valley Forge; Wilmington.

Philadelphia City Hospital,* contribution, 36. 435.

Philadelphia College. See Pennsylvania, University of.

Philadelphia County. Pa., supplies, impressment, 9. 269, 10. 162; Convention, troops march, militia escort, 13. 311, 313; and seat of government, 29. 386.

Philadelphia Dancing Assembly, Washington's toast, 35. 397.

Philadelphia Daily Advertiser , 32. 296 n .

Philadelphia Emigration Society,* address, 34. 476.

Philadelphia Evening Bulletin , material from, 32. 297 n .

Philadelphia Evening Post , 11. 296 n .

Philadelphia Gazette and Universal Daily Advertiser , false statements, 35. 126 n .

Philadelphia General Advertiser , 32. 296 n .

Philadelphia General Hospital, material from, 39. 375 n .

Philadelphia Independent Gazetteer , to Mount Vernon, 28. 349 n .

Philadelphia Light Horse,* discharge, thanks, 7– 55.

Philadelphia magistrates,* addresses, 23. 394, 27. 267.

Philadelphia Marine Hospital,* contribution, 36. 435.

Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Washington honorary member, 28. 200; usefulness, 201. 291, 31. 13; premiums, 28. 367, 441; works from England, 29. 233, 237 n , 297, 31. 340, 32. 64, 441, 33. 261, 34. 21, 175; letter to. 29. 237 n ; Anderson, 32. 428; state society, 33. 261.

Philanthropist , sloop. 36. 426.

Phile, Dr . Frederick,* office seeker, 30. 229.

Philester, order, 2. 333.

Philips, Lieut. Col . —, Wayne preparations, 32. 104.

Philips, Francis, gift, 36. 320.

Philips, Henry,* prints for Washington, letter, 36. 320, 321 n .

Philips, John, Washington's accounts, 27. 334.

Philips, Peter, and office, 9. 73.

Philips, Samuel, court-martial, 7. 483.

Philips, Sergt . William. See Phelps.

Philips Tavern, Md., 23. 361 n .

Philipse, Frederick, loyalist, arrest, 5. 441; exchange, parole, return, 8. 44, 10. 343; conference at home, 24. 441, 455, 458.

Philipse, Mrs . Frederick,* 2. 383; removal of stock, 6. 222.

Philipse, Mary, Mrs. Morris, 1. 127 n , 6. 57 n .

Philipse Manor, location, 6. 57 n .

Philipsburg (Patent), N. Y., Americans at, 12. 482 n ; British at, 15. 391, 402, 16. 35, 77, 19. 65 n , 77.

Phillips, —, of Pennsylvania (?), stallion, 32. 385.

Phillips, John, loyalist, expatriation, 12. 197.

Phillips, Capt . Jonathan, hospital command, 11. 208.

Phillips, Col . Joseph,* regiment, 6. 124; commended, 196 n .

Phillips, Peter (?), bears letter, 4. 98.

Phillips, Samuel, of Vermont, loyalist, expatriation, 12. 197.

Phillips, Samuel, of Massachusetts, on academy, 34. 165, 178.

Phillips. Ensign Samuel, of Virginia, appointment, 15. 462; killed, 463 n .

Phillips, Gen . William,* correspondence, 10. 165, 12. 96, 97, 17. 40 n ; own parole and exchange affairs, 11. 184, 16. 82, 83, 188, 213, 214, 364, 390, 394, 454–457, 495, 17. 163–165, 173, 19. 96, 259, 20. 27, 67, 69, 135, 136, 192, 243, 269; Convention troops: supplies, 12. 323, 330, 331, 14. 47, 48, 57, 20. 326, 331, 448, 21. 71; removal, 13. 119, 201, 202, 208, 209, 211, 21. 71; quarters, 14. 57; treatment, letter. 15. 338, 16. 332, 19. 258, 258 n ; accounts, 16. 188; cartel and special exchange negotiations, 454, 17. 340, 352, 353, 401, 410, 411, 476, 487, 18. 61, 62, 116, 117, 189, 201, 19. 160, 436, 445, 458, 20. 60, 62, 132, 195, 268, 269, 330, 21. 72, 142, 165 n ;—confined to quarters, 13. 210, 211; conduct considered, 15. 9; Henry Hamilton as prisoner of war, 16. 69, 20. 471; rebuked, 16. 496; Virginia expedition, 20. 346, 347, 453, 465, 469, 472, 476, 21. 313, 338, 340, 350, 385, 387, 411, 413, 414, 417, 418, 421, 428, 435, 444, 455–457, 473, 22. 91, 93; death, succesor, 135, 140 n .

Phillips Andover Academy, Washington's grand nephews, 34. 119, 165, 166, 178, 179, 198 n , 35. 240, 280.

Phinney, Col . Edmund,* regiment, pay, 3. 361, 376; Falmouth, 4. 69, 75; service, 69 n ; new establishment of regiment, 190; brigaded, 275; at courts-martial, 345, 362, 384, 389; occupation of Boston, 411; clothing, 436; to Northern army, 5. 433, 463; delayed claim, 8. 304. See also Eighteenth Infantry.

Phipps, John, attacked, 5. 24.

Phittiplace, Lieut . Edward, armed vessel, 4. 304.

Phoenix , convict ship, 2. 361, 364, 367, 409.

Phoenix , H. M. S., in New York campaign, Tappan Bay, 4. 354, 475, 521, 5. 264, 265, 269, 271, 272, 275–278, 281–283, 288, 292–294, 296, 297, 301, 305, 306 n , 313, 325, 330, 340, 341. 343, 359, 363, 370, 373, 446, 450, 452, 454, 457–459, 464, 470, 473, 6. 184, 190, 193, 196, 198.

Phyn, Ellices & Inglish, bill of exchange, 31. 93.

Piamingo, Chickasaw, ammunition, 31. 22; at Philadelphia, 33. 423 n .

Piankeshaw Indians, talk, 35. 299.

Piarron de Chamousset. See Chamousset.

Piatt, Maj . Daniel, at court-martial, 14. 460; service, 460 n ; impressing provisions, 17. 362 n , 364 n ; Masonic funeral, 18. 282.

Piatt, Capt.-Lieut . Jacob, adjutant, 14. 367; career, 367 n .

Piazza. See Flagstones.

Pichon, Louis André, baron , American negotiations, 37. 142 n .

Pickens, Gen . Andrew,* Augusta and Ninety-six, 22. 216, 218; office, 31. 238; federal brigadiership, 513–515; army command. 32. 7; Indian attitude, 129; Indian expedition queries, 33. 31, 32, 73, 74; dines with president, 71; southern Indian affairs, negotiations, 34. 220, 35. 146, 179, 351.

Picker, Jeremiah, shipmaster, 24. 68 n .

Pickering, John, acknowledgment to, 29. 50 n .

Pickering, Octavius, endorsement, 31. 132 n ; copy, 33. 353 n .

Pickering, Rebecca (White), illness, 25. 342.

Pickering, Col . Timothy,* Revolutionary affairs : offer of services, 4. 305; adjutant generalship, 7. 336, 470, 8. 114–116, 264, 9. 128 n , 10. 245, 252, 297, 37. 542; service, 7. 336 n , 19. 395 n ; at camp, absence, reproved, letter, 8. 86 n , 21. 242, 243, 24. 76, 255–258, 25. 333, 341, 464, 26. 116, 27. 86, 109; order of march, 8. 337 n ; on headquarters in Clove, journal, 445 n ; draft written by, 9. 208 n ; on Germantown, 309 n ; Board of War, 389 n , 10. 80, 185; committee of conference, 362 n ; information, letter, 16. 460 n ; report on quartermaster department, 18. 185 n , 186 n ; quartermaster general, delay, urge, 19. 360, 367 n , 395, 20. 52, 54, 55, 102; artificers, 339, 340, 24. 133, 172; transportation affairs, impressment, 20. 367, 21. 54, 60, 126, 167, 189, 190, 205, 206, 224, 225 n , 443, 450, 452, 484, 498, 503–505, 22. 5, 13, 21, 42, 43, 66, 79, 399; boats, river transportation, wintering, 20. 379. 459, 486, 497, 21. 31, 36, 55, 455, 22. 177, 197, 233, 235, 275–277, 288, 347, 399, 23. 386, 389, 24, 12, 15, 41, 42, 250, 25. 304; wintering horses, 20. 380; proposed attack on Kings Bridge, 386, 387; express, accounts, 445, 21. 173, 242, 266, 266 n , 23. 167 n , 24. 15, 25. 491; staff reform, comment, 21. 41–43, 393, 394, 24. 14, 15; campaign preparations (1781), 21. 42, 30. 27, 27 n ; (1782), 23. 386, 387, 453, 491, 494, 24. 12–14, 18; (1783), 26. 70–72; tents, 21. 73, 74, 22. 6, 165, 466, 24. 253 n ; provisions for department, 21. 97, 98, 118, 119, 25. 128 n ; detachment against mutineers, 21. 129; forage, emergency, officers' accounts, allowances, 141, 142, 23. 389, 25. 324, 325, 465, 466, 469, 494, 26. 12, 14, 27. 154 n ; Washington's winter travel, 21. 142; Heath controversy, 187–189; dragoon horses, 189, 22. 150; river chain, 21. 204 n , 27. 129; horse returns, 21. 206 n ; Lafayette's Virginia expedition, 229, 242, 246, 290; to Philadelphia, 242, 243, 25. 341, 26. 116; Trenton,New Windsor route deposits, 21. 245; dinner at headquarters, 498; geographical department, 22. 3, 4; ox teams, 22. 6; emergent supplies to frontier, 30, 53; lumber, 67, 184, 196, 24. 247, 250, 26. 438; road repairs, 22. 70; vessels for troop movement, 151 n ; arms to South, 178; straw, 215; laying-out camp, 229, 232, 25. 69, 92, 92 n ; horses for headquarters, 22. 266; fatigue, 501; Yorktown march affairs, 23. 3, 11. 17, 41, 60, 62, 62 n , 106, 107; ordered to join march, 92; Yorktown siege: advance, wagons, 147; tools, 152, 155; straw, 165; quarters of general officers, 171; tents, 217; flatboats, 222, 331; surrendered matériel, 253, 253 n , 254; leveling works, 263; instructions on French winter quarters and return march, 281, 282, 331;—reenforcements to South, 293; French accounts, returns, 469, 24. 7; staff departments in South, 28; repair of courthouse, 92; servants in department, 96; West Point, works, supplies, 134, 27. 129, 180; sutler, 24. 250; fuel, wood cutting, transportation, on illegal sale, allowance, 25. 60, 135, 205, 218, 247, 26. 23, 115, 120; to field, march, 25. 63; flags, letter, 63, 26. 205, 205 n ; camp guards, 25. 102; liquor sale regulations, 130; markets, 142; winter quarters, huts, 303, 26. 87; Mrs. Washington's journey, 25. 341; Oswego expedition supplies, 26. 91; saucissons, 169; headquarters packet boat, 201; civilian damage claims, 204, 205; seeds for regimental gardens, 258; causeway, 0047 528 314; suspension of hostilities, 336; printed discharges and furloughs, 337, 465; on peace establishment, 398 n ; baggage of departing officers, 27. 10; march to West Point, 25; Hoakesley claim, 36; frontier posts preparations, 72, 80, 81, 87, 94, 96, 107, 109, 122; transportation of Washington's papers, 181; departmental furloughs and discharges, 184, 229; funds, 242. See also Board of War.

Civil affairs : Iroquois, 31, 124, 179, 181, 182, 184 n , 195, 404, 32. 9, 34. 251; instruction of Indians, 31. 199; federal office, 296; postmaster general, absence, 348, 32. 187; mail contracts, 31. 348; commissioner to western Indians, 32. 313 n ; Indians in Philadelphia, 327 n , 341 n ; yellow fever, medicine, 33. 129, 37. 153, 154; emergent meeting place of Congress, 33. 129; British relations, 281; Cherokee affairs, 403 n , 35. 112; names for frigates, autograph, 34. front ; secretary of war, 76 n ; Wayne's report, 128 n ; arsenal site, 129, 307, 318, 432, 465, 487; Ceracchi's proposed monument, 136 n ; southern frontier conditions, 140. 141; execution of laws, 141; Erie post, 151, 172, 173; offices, 166; Wayne's Indian negotiations and treaty, letter, 172, 306, 308, 312, 318 n , 320 n ; presidential duties, 172, 35. 212; Whiskey Insurrection occupation troops, 34. 176; reply to addresses, 253 n , 254 n ; Jay Treaty, 265 n ; on Hammond's recall, letter, 265 n ; Randolph-Fauchet affair, 275–277, 347 n ; secretary of state ad interim , 277 n ; drafts written by, 278 n , 35. 514; Africa-Medusa affair, 34. 302, 306; dispatches, 306, 37. 575; appointments to office. 34. 315, 35. 106, 112, 161, 163, 239, 241, 244; frontier posts, 34. 330; secretary of state, 333, 366, 366 n ; Steuben estate, 365; annual messages, 366, 393, 35. 145; with president before Congress, 34. 386 n ; Genêt case, 430; negotiations to supplement Jay Treaty, 486, 487; Jay Treaty papers message, 35. 7; King's instructions, 86; Jay Treaty commissions, 86; French attitude and spoliations, 96, 97, 106, 128, 138, 139, 150, 152–154, 247, 351, 352; Wayne,Wilkinson affair, 108; executive order on omitted section in act, 116 n ; 117; Pennsylvania quarantine, 117, 118; Monroe, conduct, recall, 127, 156, 157, 174, 239, 244, 514; executing treaties, 143; Barbary affairs, 143, 165, 241, 247; attacks on administration, Aurora's charges, reply, 144, 36. 156, 37. 323, 324; Indian trade agents, 35. 149; surveyor general, 153; Dutch minister, 154; seamen's passports, 156; Mediterranean relations, 161; cannon founder, 163; San Lorenzo Treaty, 173; Pinckney's instructions, 174, 360, 361, 388; Farewell Address, letter, 214 n ; Adet's conduct, 256, 256 n ; Indian commissioners, 404; spurious letters, 414, 416; Washington's private affairs, abroad, correspondence, 435, 440, 441, 457, 463, 492, 508, 509, 514, 36. 18, 23, 56, 66, 104, 126, 385, 386, 37. 91; Blount intrigue, 35. 485; Washington's papers, 36. 1; on Monroe's defense, letter, 8 n ; wine cooler gift, 9; Yrujo, 57; copy press, 57; Philosophical Society, 66; information for Washington, 126, 493; X Y Z mission, Gerry, letters, 248, 494, 494 n , 37. 126, 126 n , 129; major generals, rank question, 36. 323, 324 n , 430, 431, 475, 477; army clothing, 479; state correspondence on French crisis, 520; and commander in chief, 57. 21; classes of information, 132; on commercial negotiations, 132 n ; New French mission, 142, 329, 395, 418; suggestion for federal capital, 346, 354; break with Adams, 428 n ; Woodward, 439, 440. See also Cabinet.

Picket, William,* ordinary, 1. 186, 187.

Picket, general orders at New York, 5. 21, 22, 246, 301; report, 44; for works, 81, 16. 482; below Harlem Heights, 6. 73; shirking by field officers, 125; duty of brigadier generals, 144; huts, fire, 151, 10. 93, 298; duty or duty on court-martial, 6. 157; alert, 177; reenforcing at night. 231; orders from headquarters, 231; regulations, 9. 189, 199, 200, 297, 304; on march, 226, 17. 216, 19. 63, 20. 129; dragoon, 9. 353, 10. 403 n ; surprised, 298, 11. 250; leaving, 10. 299; countersign giving, 300; brigade reserve, substitute, 17. 494, 506, 507; service as punishment, 19. 415; Yorktown siege, 23. 133, 154, 166, 168, 170, 173, 176, 204, 205. See also Guards; Patrol.

Pickets, fortification stakes, 11. 342, 16. 482.

Pickett, Moses, court-martial, 3. 496.

Pickett, Thomas, court-martial, 7. 484.

Pickett, Maj . William, Virginia militia, for Philadelphia campaign, 9. 341.

Pickles, orders, 2. 330, 3. 91.

Pickman, Benjamin (?), Jay Treaty commission, 34. 397.

Pictures and frames, at Mount Vernon, orders, 2. 23, 34. 189, 35. 454, 455, 36. 15, 32, 295. See also Engravings; Portraits.

Pierce. See also Pearce; Peirce; Perce.

Pierce, Capt . —, New York militia company, 5. 244 n .

Pierce, John,* prize cargo, 4. 130; assistant and deputy paymaster general, 13. 443 n , 15. 221 n ; on condition of funds. autograph, 14. facing 210; Virginia accounts, 15. 290; movements, letter, 291, 291 n ; Steuben's allowances, 16. 122 n ; funds for West Point pay, 17. 397, 397 n ; paymaster general, 21. 211; extra ration. 369; pay of Lafayette's force, 22. 45; bears letter, 226; Yorktown march pay, 23. 107; liquidation of army accounts, certificates, payment, 25. 87 n . 9, 6. 302, 27. 53, 53 n , 28. 495, 515, 29. 5, 52, 82, 223, 30. 82, 157, 437, 35. 58; cannon for Rochambeau, 25. 493; Washington's accounts, 26. 23, 172, 194, 244; state accounts against their lines, 318; commutations, 29. 204.

Pierce, John, of Pennsylvania, bounty jumper, 23. 311.

Pierce, Joseph,* Jay Treaty, 34. 333.

Pierce Capt . ( Maj .) William,* artillerist, information, 9. 301, 302; service, 301 n , 30. 85 n ; bears letter, 23. 192; oration, 30. 85, 86; office seeker, 175.

Pierce certificates. See Pierce, John.

Piercy, James,* sugar, 37. 449, 450.

Pierre Temna. See Temna.

Pierson, Lieut . Thomas, surprise, arrest, 14. 93; court-martial, 179; service, 179 n .

Pigeon, John, commissary general, 3. 336 n .

Pigeon Quarter, Yorktown, 23. 155, 158.

Pigot, Adm . Hugh, at New York. movements of fleet, 25. 127, 129, 140 n , 144, 275, 280, 296–298, 434.

Pigot , prize, 13. 203.

Pigs. See Hogs.

Pike, Nicholas,* arithmetic, dedication declined, 28. 463, 464, 30. 2, 3.

Pike, Capt . Robert. See Pike, Zebulon.

Pike, Thomas, letter for, 11. 476.

Pike, Capt . Zebulon (Robert), recruiting, 17. 482; hospital detail, relief, 23. 168, 328.

Pikes (spears), at siege of Boston, 3. 338, 357, 4. 362; returns, 5. 51, 106; supply, distribution, style, 99, 105, 421, 436, 8. 222, 272, 367; care, 5. 469; construction, 17. 18. See also Spontoons.

Piles, Lieut . William, parole breaker, 16. 175 n .

Pilgrim , sloop, 27. 502.

Pillage. See Depredations.

Pilots, sought by British, 7. 361; for French, 12. 182–185, 187, 188, 233, 16. 402, 413, 416, 418, 420, 453 n , 457, 17. 94, 18. 362, 368, 387, 397, 404, 19. 104, 110, 111, 146, 147, 158, 158 n , 162, 181, 238, 20. 43, 46, 22. 440, 441, 456, 489, 497; Rhode Island expedition, 12. 184; to British, capture, 22. 32; dismissal before New York, 23. 63; for York River, 187, 204, 209, 235.

Pilsbury, Capt . Daniel, retirement, 25. 456, 459.

Pinckney, Gov . Charles,* to France, introductions, 29. 275 n ; pamphlet on Convention speeches, 293; Hall, 30. 311 n ; Indian affairs, Florida, 500, 501, 31. 98, 481, 482, 32. 6, 7, 14 n ; state constitution, 51. 67; presidential tour, hospitality, 253; Wycombe, 411 n , 32. 6; Santo Domingo relief, 51. 413; seeds for Mount Vernon 32. 6; office, 34. 169.

Pinckney, Col . ( Gen .) Charles Cotesworth,* at camp, 9. 111; exchange, 23. 133; Mount Vernon, 29. 301, 36. 496, 37, 75; ratification congratulations, 30. 9; Hall, 311 n ; introduction of nephew abroad, 31. 38; presidential tour, 285 n ; justiceship, letter, 290, 290 n , 291; Chestnut, 306 n ; Wycombe, 411 n ; character and army command, 512, 514; war portfolio. 33. 248, 249, 34. 424; federal office, 169; state portfolio, 285, 331, 384; Fort Johnson, 354; French mission, acceptance, 35. 123 n , 127–131, 175, 176, 373; instructions, conference, 174, 191, 247, 351, 352, 360, 361, 388; Washington and Charleston relief, 175. 176; Washington-Morris letter affair, 209, 210; letter from sister, 250 n ; Lafayette, 308; not received, 430 n , 435, 470, 36. 19, 237; major general, rank, 324, 331, 332, 346, 348 n , 349 n , 356 n , 393, 426 n , 448 n , 456–462, 496, 500, 519, 520; return awaited, 423, 494; selection of officers, 423, 490, 505, 37. 34, 73–75, 242; return, 36. 496, 37. 166; call to service, 36. 504; conferences of major generals, queries to, 514, 37. 12, 14–17, 25, 32; liaison, field of control, 61, 62, 138; Petersburg reception, 91; Washington and reports, 167, 219; Georgia frontier garrisons, 167, 219; jackasses, 170; aide, 220, 326, 334; plumes, 325, 334; movements, 372, 416; wife's illness and duties, 373, 409; cantonments, 416. See also X Y Z mission.

Pinckney, Mary (Stead), illness, 37. 373, 409, 416.

Pinckney, Maj . ( Gov .) Thomas,* exchange, 22. 77; Lawson, 29. 321; judgeship, 30. 465; British mission, 51. 413, 460, 32. 272 n , 37. 429; Barbary affairs, 32. 56; artisans and copper for mint, 57, 242, 242 n ; bears letter, 71; introductions to, 148 n , 499 n , 33. 77, 34. 125; British troops for Canada, 32. 284; favors, 183, 184, 383 n , 35. 63, 36. 252; possible transfer to France, 33. 345; neutral trade and rights, 346; federal office, 34. 167; Spanish negotiations and treaty, 231, 292, 336, 351, 387, 472, 477, 485, 36. 202; dispatches, 34. 306; cipher, 336; proposed lease of Mount Vernon farms, 466, 467; retirement, president's approbation, 472, 35. 62, 452; Lafayette, 34. 473, 35– 42, 62; negotiations to supplement Jay Treaty, 34. 486, 487; health, 36. 253; Mount Vernon, 353, 37. 170; as army officer, 36. 334; jackasses, 37. 170, 172.

Pinckney Family Deposit, material from, 34. 474 n , 485 n .

Pindal, Thomas, Alexandria Academy, 33. 282 n .

Pindars, orders, 36. 175.

Pine, —, overseer, hiring, character, 33. 473, 494, 502, 513, 34. 7, 12, 25, 49.

Pine, Mrs . —, boarding school, 31. 140.

Pine, Robert Edge,* Washington portraits, payment, 28. 141–143, 151, 373, 387, 388; historical painting project, 143, 183, 29. 316; introduction, 28. 143; success, 468.

Pine trees, seeds for Mount Vernon, 28. 6, 134.

Pineapples, orders, 2. 522, 3. 99, 124.

Pines Bridge, N. Y., British at, 15. 322 n ; movement, post, 16. 277, 286, 304, 415.

Pinkney, William, Jay Treaty commission. 35. 9.

Pins, orders, 2. 335, 370, 454, 3. 90.

Pintard, John Marsden (Marston),* at Madeira, horticultural articles, 28. 315, 433, 506; business connection, 507; Washington portrait, 31. 96 n ; wine, 34. 176 n , 37. 583, 584.

Pintard, Lewis,* agent of prisoners of war, 7. 41, 65, 8. 191, 12. 240, 17. 48, 18. 471, 20. 330, 446, 21. 26; as spy, 14. 478, 479, 15. 90; Holker correspondence, 281; cartel negotiations, 18. 60, 61; accounts, protest on required parole, 168; family out of New York City, 19. 174; wine for Washington, missent, payment, 26. 448, 450, 27. 20, 152; federal office, 30. 413.

Pinto de Sousa Coutinho, Luiz,* American relations, 31. 220, 223 n .

Pioneers, company ordered, selection, 8. 246, 349; on march, 9. 80, 125, 308; ax men, 286; Monmouth campaign, road repair, 12. 90, 105, 20. 140. See also Engineers; Guides.

Piper, Harry,* Savage affair, 3. 64, 79, 102.

Piper, Col . John, exchange, 6. 308.

Piper, Thomas, court-martial, 13. 136.

Piper, Zodiac, court-martial, 5. 32.

Pirates, picaroons in Chesapeake Bay, 26. 44.

Piscataway, Md., Scottish loyalists, 3. 432; road survey, 23. 332.

Piscataway, N. J., skirmish, 7. 229, 8. 47, 53; British withdrawal, 127; Washington at, 12. 164 n .

Pistols, and holsters, order, 3. 62, 63; dragoon. 7. 215, 324, 11. 322, 338, 12. 27, 22. 167; Caledonian, 10. 511; for Washington, gift, 11. 120, 305, 16. 376; returns, 12. 331; bequest to Lafayette, 37. 286.

Pitcairn, Capt . Thomas, prisoner of war, state borrowing, 17. 306; exchange. 18. 302, 305.

Pitch, as gambling, 4. 2 n .

Pitcher, —, of New York, 1. 298.

Pitkin, Col . George, regiment brigaded, 5. 504.

Pitner, Mrs . Francisco,* pass, 24. 102 n .

Pitt, John. See Chatham.

Pitt, William [1]. See Chatham.

Pitt, William [2], Morris's mission, 31. 215; mediation in Indian troubles, 32. 62; commercial negotiations, 37. 132 n .

Pitt County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236, 2, 2. 311.

Pitts, Samuel, horse for Washington, 7. 342, 473.

Pittsborough, Pa., 2. 306.

Pittsburgh, Pa., routs to seaboard, 27. 478, 29. 95, 97; prices, 135; federal garrison, 31. 453; wintering troops, 32. 167; defense in Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 468; advertisement of Washington's lands, 34. 460; magazines, 37. 45. See also Fort Duquesne; Fort Pitt.

Pittsburgh, University of, material from, 33. 520 n .

Pittstown, N. J., American force, rendezvous (1776), 6. 367, 370–373; ovens, bread, 8. 475, 481, 9. 185; movement through, g. 475, 481; Convention troops march, 13. 312; magazines, 16. 88, 256, 19. 363, 20. 283; specific supplies, 451 n .

Pittsylvania County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Placey, William, court-martial, 7. 439.

Plaine, Moses, Virginia soldier, 10. 169.

Plainfield, Conn., route by, 12. 198.

Plan of campaign. See “Campaign” titles.

Planes, order, 2. 333.

Plans. See Maps and plans.

Plantations. See Agriculture; Land; Mount Vernon.

Planters' Friend , ship, 2. 464, 465.

Plants. See Horticulture.

Plaster of Paris, purchase, 3. 155, 28. 39, 40, 37. 448, 450, 451, 455; as fertilizer, 29. 258, 297, 32. 256, 261, 33. 297, 367, 35. 95, 419, 37. 451; Peter's pamphlet, 35. 371.

Plastering, whiting ordered, 3. 155.

Plate, proposed security for currency, 20. 309, 21. 182. See also Silver.

Plater, Elizabeth (Rousby), death, 30. 484.

Plater, Gov . George,* daughter, 3. 198 n ; protection of Maryland, 15. 146, 22. 348; Yorktown address, 23. 358; compliments, 491; western communications, 27. 482–484; Principio Company, 28. 8; landing, 147; Ruston, 30. 59 n ; congratulations 324; death of wife, 481.

Plater, Rebecca, Mrs. Tayloe, 3. 198 n .

Platoons, on march, 12. 6, 7.

Platt, Capt . ( Maj .) Richard,* report on Highland defenses. 5. 310; brigade major, 424; ill, 470; McDougall's aide, 9. 471, 13. 371 n ; on British movements, 371, 15 476 n ; subinspector, 476; deputy quartermaster general. 20. 253; transportation, impressment, 21. 395, 506; staff resignation, 22. 287; Stirling's acting aide, 323; promotion, 27. 171; to France, introductions, 253 n ; Mount Vernon, 33. 124.

Pleadwell, Frank L., acknowledgment to, 13. 397 n .

Pleasants, Mary, Quaker, mission, 11. 223.

Pleasants, Robert (?), 30. 52.

Pleasants, Thomas, jr .,* frontier land, 29. 515.

Plenbrook, N. Y., Haight estate, 20. 66 n .

Pleydell-Bouverie. William. See Radnor.

Pliarne, Emanuel de, contract for military supplies, 4. 159, 160, 160 n , 162, 163, 309; fate, 159 n ; and foreign volunteers, 7. 388 n .

Plinius, —, harpsichord maker, 2. 370.

Ploughed Hill, Mass., occupation, 3. 453, 456, 458, 462, 470, 487.

Plowman, —, smuggling, 3. 65.

Plows and plowing, Colonial orders, Rotherham, 2. 333, 421; unsatisfactory shipment, 380; from Young, 28. 511, 29. 228, 232, 240, 256, 264, 268, 282, 297, 30. 152; plowman, 28. 513; drill, described, 29. 73, 131–133, 31. 305, 306; Snowden's, 29. 217, 30. 112; iron for sheathing, 35, 61; slaves and intricate, 31. 410; new English design, 32. 216, 248; plowing affairs, delay, inadequate, 283, 33. 41 n , 189, 207–211, 434, 34. 25, 73, 271, 377; table of plowing time, 33. 225–229, 230 n ; special plow, use, 34. 78; home made, 291; Small's, 35. 434 n .

Pluckamin, N. J., troops at (1776), 6. 328; headquarters, letters from, 466–473, artillery winter quarters, 13. 351, 418; French alliance celebration, 14. 122 n , 124; 125 n , 127; alarm signal, 284; route by, 15. 211; breaking camp, 214 n ; huts left for hospital, guard, superintendent, 214 n , 220, 318, 18. 141, 295, 401 n , 486; boats, 16. 341; artillery park, 17. 117, 211.

Plugh, Dennis, court-martial, 25. 213.

Plugh, Nicholas, court-martial, 25. 213.

Plumb Island, removing stock, 5. 241.

Plumer, —, place, 1. 186.

Plumes, for army officers, 37. 169, 325, 334.

Plunder. See Depredations.

Plunket, David, appointment to office, 33. 67.

Pluralism, in office, 31. 335.

Pneumonia, Washington's illness, 31. 43 n , 44, 46.

Pocketbooks, orders, 2. 321, 354.

Pocketknives, orders, 2. 463, 3. 92, 93; loss and need, 16. 431.

Pocoson Swamp, 2. 410.

Pocotaligo, S. C., presidential tour, 31. 288 n .

Poe, Lieut . James, parole, 11. 379.

Poellnitz, Friedrich, baron von, public experimental farm, implements, 30. 485, 31. 23, 24.

Poetical Society of Leyden, gift, 31. 64.

Poetry, Washington's early efforts, 1. 19; books ordered, 2. 516; Phillis Wheatley, 4. 361 n ; Dwight, dedication to Washington, 11. 106, 28. 399, 407, 409; Miss Boudinot, 14. 162; Smith's ode on peace, 26. 422; Mrs. Stockton, 27. 127, 337, 29. 236, 30. 75, 235, 236, 308 n ; ode to Louis XVI, 27. 173; Lamont, 28. 45, 46, 58, 142; Mme. Van Winter, 119, 120, 287, 288, 29. 362; Humphreys, 28. 305, 516, 522, 523, 29. 26; Parke, 182 n ; Barlow's Columbus , 276, 506; and heroes, 506; Pemberton, 30. 1; Mrs. Warren, 31. 48; Erkelens, Brender, 64 n ; R. T. Paine, dedication, 33. 302.

Pohick Church, new building, Fairfax pew, 3. 223; incumbent, 28. 527.

Point Alderton, Boston Harbor, question of post, 3. 441–444, 452, 454 n , 4. 63.

Point au Fer, N. Y., proposed works, 5. 160; British force, 14. 45.

Point no Point, Pa., forage, 10. 492.

Point Pleasant, W. Va. (Va.), as site for post, 28. 168; advertisement of Washington's land, 34. 462; importance, 36. 60.

Pointer, Lieut . William, regiment, 19. 200.

Poirey, Joseph Léonard, brevet captaincy, 31. 42, 46.

Poke greens, caution, 12. 54.

Pokitellico Survey, 9, 7. 315.

Poland, proposed American membership in Order, 27. 119, 310–312; conditions, struggle for independence, 31. 320, 36. 297; unreceived letter from king, 31. 320.

Polanen, Rogier Gerald van, reception as minister, 35. 155.

Polhemus, John, capture, 17. 32 n .

Polhemus, Capt . John, Ogden trial, 14. 144; service, 144 n .

Police of camp, Virginia Regiment, 1. 265, 395; general orders on cleaning, 3. 309, 25. 132; sanitation, vaults, filth, garbage, 3. 310, 338, 382, 4. 214, 5. 11, 320, 369, 6. 125, 226, 7. 382, 8. 171, 175, 350, 9. 298, 498, 11. 260, 347, 12. 154, 246, 359, 14. 367, 368, 15. 467, 17. 507, 25. 102, 105; slaughter house, offal, dead animals, 3. 338, 382. 9. 189, 10. 273, 18. 34, 22. 269, 329, 397, 471, 472, 23. 177, 205, 275, 276, 287, 288, 304, 305, 25. 102; personal cleanliness, 5. 263, 14. 368; inadequate, neglect, enforcement, 6. 157, 11. 74, 75, 232, 260, 347, 15. 467; guardhouse, 7. 466; importance, 8. 64, 128; washing clothes, 9. 10; temporary camp, 12. 154; fixed camp, winter, 247, 359, 360, 26. 111, 112; on approach of warm weather, 14. 367, 368, 18. 95; officers of the day, 16. 34, 17. 479, 25. 135, 26. 209; warrant officers, 21. 240; at field camp commended, 26. 112; reports, 246. See also Bathing; Camp colormen; Health; Provost; Water.

Polifly, N. J., impressment expedition, 19. 432.

Political science, books ordered, 2. 516.

Political societies, Washington's criticism, 29. 21 n –24 n , 22, 23, 66, 67. See also Democratic societies.

Politics, necessity of commander in chief's consideration, 21. 344; growth of federal opposition, partisan deprecated, 32. 22, 95–100, 130, 131, 135 n , 136, 137, 185, 212, 36. 168, 175, 176, 182, 183, 37. 428; president's lack of information, aloofness, 32. 142, 147 n , 155, 165, 166; young Lafayette, 34. 299, 364 n , 367, 368, 375, 376, 424, 425; Farewell Address on partisan, 35. 55, 226–228; Washington to Jefferson on abuse, 119, 120; Langhorne correspondence to entrap Washington, 36. 52, 53, 81, 183, 408, 420, 37– 81; French crisis, 36. 90, 93, 249, 254, 299, 352, 384, 389, 420, 451, 474, 475, 498, 516; eradicating heresies, 280; pamphlets, 37. 576. See also Democratic societies; French Revolution; Jay Treaty; Presidency; Republican party.

Polk, —, flooring, 29. 241.

Polk, Charles, of Maryland, 1. 8.

Polk, Col . Thomas, baggage guards, 9. 243. See also North Carolina Fourth Regiment.

Polk, William, office, 31. 234, 239 n .

Poll taxes, Connecticut exemption of soldiers, 4. 216.

Pollard, Capt . ( Maj .) Benjamin,* artificers, returns, 5. 156, 197, 11. 425, 12. 299; Brandywine bridges and roads, 9. 190; service, 11. 425 n , 12. 299 n .

Pollard, Gov . John, acknowledgment to, 37. 422 n .

Pollard, Maj . Jonathan, Heath's aide, 6. 147, 12. 73 n ; proposed office, 73.

Pollard, Joshua,* shipmaster, 2. 438, 439; damages in transit, 441, 443, 482. 494.

Pollard, Robert,* James River Company, 32. 382.

Pollock, —, Savage estate. 33. 492.

Pollock, Mrs . —, house and presidential mansion, 31. 120.

Pollock, Col . Matthew,* baggage transportation, 9. 254.

Pollock, Oliver,* Washington and Louisiana recommendation, 29. 514; wartime agency, bills of exchange, 31. 5, 6.

Pollock, Thomas,* shipmaster, 3. 166, 167, 169, 212.

Polly , ship, flagship, 14. 104.

Polly , sloop, Potomac run, 30. 179.

Polopels Island, Hudson River, provost, 21. 461 n .

Polson, —,* son's land claim, 3. 46, 48.

Polson, Ensign ( Maj .) John, colonial commission, 1. 176; assignment, 177; regular commission, 287; land grant, 3. 46–48, 124, 30. 104–106.

Polson, Ensign William, Fort Necessity expedition, 1. 35; messenger, 102; Braddock expedition, 149, 151; “late” company, 177, 274.

Pomeroy, Lieut . Ralph,* staff appointment, 16. 32, 45, 21. 329 n ; service, 16. 32 n ; line rank, 357; clothing arrearage accounts, 18. 249; quarters, 19. 154; salt meat, 21. 329, 425, 432, 443, 465, 22. 42; emergent provisions, 66; Wethersfield conference, 85; dragoon winter supplies, 25. 414.

Pomeroy, Seth, and brigadiership, 3. 326, 349, 397.

Pomeroys Tavern, Cambridge, 4. 131, 338.

Pomfret, Conn., route by, 15. 101.

Pomona , H. M. S., 31. 16 n .

Pomona College, material from, 37. 575 n .

Pompton (Plains), N. J., troops for (1777), works, 7. 427, 443, 460, 461, 492, 493; magazine, militia, 8. 40, 51, 249 n , 325, 342; Sullivan's division, 340, 342, 353; headquarters, orders and letters from, 379–405, 465–467, 469, 473, 475, 15. 230, 231, 285 n , 17. 87, 88, 209, 24. 94–96; post (1778), 13. 250 n , 328, 377; route by, 13. 366, 15. 210, 211, 17. 24, 25, 111 n , 119, 135, 19. 62, 23. 7, 42, 48, 27. 35; militia rendezvous, 16. 406 n , 17. 34; headquarters expenses, 209 n ; winter quarters, post, 20. 337, 408, 412, 418, 447, 21. 5, 196, 23. 324, 25. 283, 316, 348, 378, 400.

Pompton Furnace, N. J., ordnance casting, 7. 275 n , 8. 5, 20. 274 n .

Pomroy, —, spy, 6. 369 n .

Pond, Capt . Charles, armed vessel, prize, 5. 160.

Pond, Ensign Enoch (?), resignation, 12. 151.

Pontèves-Giens, Henri Jean Baptiste, vicomte de, Cincinnati, 30. 439 n .

Pontgibaud, Charles Albert de Moré, chevalier de ( comte de Moré), Rhode Island news, 12. 377; Lafayette's aide, 377 n .

Pontiac Conspiracy, outbreak, 2. 400, 402, 408, 418; Bouquet, 402, 403 n ; sketch, 403 n .

Pontière, Capt . Louis de. cavalry brevet, 11. 20; promotion, 26. 444; service, Steuben's aide, 444 n .

Pool, —, suit against, 32. 456.

Pool family, as neighbors, 32. 277, 296, 34. 58, 37. 122–124.

Poole, Capt . Jacob, court-martial, cashiered, 6. 259.

Poole, Lieut . Thomas,* as spy, confined, claim, 19. 371, 23. 428 n , 28. 296 n .

Pooler, John, court-martial, 12. 447.

Poor, Col . ( Gen .) Enoch,* regiment brigaded, 3. 355, 4. 275; at courts-martial, 112, 11. 225, 233; new establishment of regiment, 4. 190; irregularities in regiment, 225; service, 225 n ; march to New York, 420, 440; alarm post after evacuation of Boston, 436; for Canada, 478–482, 485, 493, 495, 500, 512, 529, 5. 2; protest on Crown Point, 290 n ; for New Jersey, 6. 356, 357; brigadiership, commission, 7. 236, 9. 146; recruiting, 7. 237, 330, 489, 17. 324 n , 490, 18. 14 n , 19. 28 n , 101; brigade for Ticonderoga, 7. 283, 485, 8. 6; information, 168, 190; to the Hudson, 9. 468 n ; to Washington's army, 10. 2, 83, 90, 91, 101; pay affairs, arrears, 41, 12. 22, 15. 2, 17. 335; Fort Mercer, 10. 84; councils of war: assault on Philadelphia, 103 n ; winter quarters, 133 n , 13. 76 n , 113; 1778 plans, 11. 283 n , 12. 231 n ; Monmouth campaign, 75 n , 115 n , 117 n ; punishments, 344 n ; Rhode Island campaign, 388 n ; inspector general department, 438 n ;—in plan for surprise attack, 10. 204; sermon to brigade, 11. 78; brigade inspectors and majors, 174, 312, 17, 72, 77; administers oath, 11. 361; in plan of march (1778), 465; in Monmouth campaign, 12. 106, 117, 144; Lee trial, 147; brigade, in division, 216, 409, 18. 190; position before New York City (1778), 12. 217; ranking officers of brigade, 374; supernumerary officers, new arrangement, 13. 51 n , 394, 14. 139 n , 15. 203; eastward march, 13. 100, 134, 196; clothing for brigade, 198 n , 215 n , 330, 15. 2, 106, 132, 16. 140, 17. 156, 491; brigade court-martial, 13. 212, 213 n ; Convention troops march escort, 270, 271, 273, 279, 289, 290; winter quarters, post, 272, 280, 289, 290, 323, 340, 346, 351, 367, 14. 86, 17. 111 n . 116, 147, 155, 188, 189, 196, 197, 202, 209; leave, 13. 393, 17. 491; West Point, 14. 198, 249, 353, 410, 413, 458. 459, 18. 132, 182; Iroquois expedition, 14. 487, 493, 15. 2, 19, 20, 40, 50, 75, 189, 16. 140; position of brigade (1779), 17. 17; (1780), 19. 472; scarcity of provisions, 17. 324; checking intercourse with enemy, 392, 394; Neutral Ground patrol, 478; detail, 501; returns, neglect, 18. 28 n , 139; possible British threat, 44; light-corps command, 191, 19. 299, 315; line of battle, 302; death, funeral, 20. 23, 23 n ; auction of effects, 34; tribute, 51. See also New Hampshire brigade; Eighth Infantry.

Poor, John, court-martial, 3. 514.

Poor, Col . Thomas, post, 12. 217, at court-martial, 13. 183.

Poor, W. S., acknowledgment to, 19. 419 n .

Poor relief, Virginia parish, under state, 27. 341. See also Charity.

Pope, —, assistant commissary of prisoners of war, conduct, 16. 110.

Pope, Ann, Mrs. Washington, 32. 26.

Pope, Bessie, acknowledgment to, 37. 217 n .

Pope, Lieut. Col . Charles,* appointment, 7. 244 n ; detail for clothing, 10. 18 n , 20; detachment, to join army, 11. 421, 491; service, 491 n , 15. 284 n ; court-martial, 284, 287, 293, 294; prolonged absence, 17. 428.

Pope, Capt . ( Maj .) Isaac, escort of prisoners, 21. 479; service, 479 n , 26. 34 n ; officer of the day, 34, 202, 312; at court-martial, 49, 210.

Pope, Lieut . Jacob, court-martial, cashiered, 6. 215.

Pope, Ensign John, court-martial, 8. 268; service. 268 n

Popham, Maj . William,* Clinton's aide, 15. 258; service, 258 n ; continuance at Albany, 25. 308 n .

Popkin, Maj . ( Lieut. Col .) John,* promotion, 11. 66, 135; service, 66 n ; at court-martial, 12. 353; rank, 459; Arnold trial, 15. 182, 17. 287; rank of regiment. 16. 58, 76; ranking board, 259; artillery detachment, 21. 142; recruiting, 24. 318, 331; French naval deserters, 25. 165; complaint against, 27. 43.

Poplars, at Mount Vernon, hedges, 32. 179, 229, 231, 299, 33. 215, 240, 34. 359, 372.

Population, Virginia (1756), 1. 336 n . See also Census.

Porcupine, Peter. See Cobbett, William.

Porcupine's Gazette , Washington and, 36. 9; to Mount Vernon, 37. 577.

Porcupine's Political Censor . 35. 360 n .

Pork, buying, 2. 340, 341; salt, or salt beef for army, 22. 246; packing and keeping, 32. 181, 204, 304, 33. 521, 34. 26, 43, 75, 117, 387. See also Bacon; Hams; Hogs; Meat.

Port Mahon, Franco-Spanish operations, capture, 16. 207, 24. 224.

Port Morant, Jamaica, 3. 256.

Port Penn, Del., British foraging, 11. 171.

Port Royal, Va., road survey, 23. 332.

Port Tobacco, Md., merchants, 3. 274; Scottish loyalists, 432, 433; road survey, 23. 332.

Porter, —, flag of truce, 9. 68.

Porter, —, of Massachusetts (?), introduction, 28. 64.

Porter, Capt . Andrew, artillery, 10. 279, 397; company regimented, 17. 263, 21. 46. 22. 47; service, 17. 263 n , 20. 265 n , 24. 70 n ; court-martial, 20. 153; unwarranted charges, 265; additional men, 21. 45; rank, 24. 70.

Porter, Maj . Billy, detachment, relief, 22. 284 n , 287; officer of the day, 381, 412, 453, 500, 25. 158, 262, 26. 306.

Porter, Caty, marriage, 3. 208.

Porter, Lieut . Charles, court-martial, 18. 34.

Porter, Col . Elisha,* powder, 3. 388, 421; Church affair, 4. 10 n ; Canadian expedition, instructions, 279, 324; regiment to New Jersey, 6. 356, 357, 385.

Porter, Maj . John,* paymaster, 6. 50; at court of inquiry, 21. 46; deputy adjutant general, 244, 22. 27; service, 21. 244 n , 22. 285 n , 23. 16 n ; project, 21. 451; officer of the day, 22. 285, 23. 16; to France, leave refused, court-martial, cashiered, 470, 472, 24. 8, 490, 25. 254; restoration refused, 300 n , 29. 482, 483.

Porter, Ensign Jonathan, resignation, 17. 334; service, 334 n .

Porter, Thomas, bears letter, 29. 16; Washington's affairs, 16, 174, 267, 32. 256; favor, 233; at Philadelphia, 235; Washington's nephews, 29. 280, 30. 259; Lewis, 29. 398; G. A. Washington, 32. 414.

Porter, for headquarters, 22. 441; for Mount Vernon, 30. 20, 35, 31. 57, 149, 35. 71; American, 30. 187.

Porterfield, Capt . Charles, artillery commission, 9. 302; service, 302 n , 13. 485 n ; brigade major, absence, 12. 176, 13. 485; resignation, 16. 171; countersign honoring, 20. 83.

Porterfield, Sergt . John, court-martial, execution ordered, 7. 183; reprieves, 183, 204, 285, 311, 324, 351.

Porterfield, Lieut . Robert, brigade major, 13. 485; absence, 485 n ; federal army appointment, 37. 228.

Portland, Me. See Falmouth.

Portmanteaus, for officers, 14. 400, 15. 42, 18. 188; for Washington's uniform, 37. 129.

Portraits, Peale's Washington: first, 3. 83, 84 n , 85; for Pennsylvania, damage, print, 14. front ., 33, 33 n , facing 34; miniature, 16. 468;—family miniatures by Peale, 3. 84 n ; Campbell's print, 4. 298; Washington without time or opportunity, 7. 296; Lafayette's desire, L'Enfant's possible sketch, 12. 501; Hancock's gift to Estaing, 501 n ; Rogers's miniature of Mrs. Washington, 15. 175; Lafayette, 20. 463, 31. 130; Frederick the Great, 20. 463; for Armand, 27. 271; Wright's, for Solms, 291, 296, 297; for Newenham, 418; for Prince Henry of Prussia, 500; silhouette, 28. 96; Du Simitière's, of officers, 96; Du Simitière's Washington, 96; Washington on sitting, 140, 32. 83; Pine's, 28. 141–143, 151, 373, 387, 388; Lafayette family, 210; Greene, 324; Louis XV, 462; Green's print, 29. 366 n ; Napier, 481 n ; Savage's, for Harvard, 30. 483; refused to Tammany, 31. 96 n ; Necker, 130; Brehan's miniature, prints, 142, 34. 500 n ; Louis XVI, 31. 448; Lady Huntingdon, 456 n ; Robertson's, for Buchan, 32. 25, 427, 35. 106; Trumbull's, for Charleston, 32. 35; Williams's, 83 n ; Buchan, 33. 353; for Elizabeth Custis, 500; frames for family, 34. 189; Stuart's, 35. 21; Trumbull's print, 367 n ; Savage's prints, 36. 188, 293, 373; Buxton's print, 37. 217. See also Busts; Statues.

Portsmouth, N. H.,* letters to committee of safety, 4. 15, 151; supplies from prize, 31; expected raid, 41; seizure of loyal officials, 67, 70; defense, instructions to Sullivan, 70; military supplies importation, 7. 330, 334, 335, 8. 2, 3, 7, 15, 10. 117 n , 181, 202, 11. 429, 13. 311 n ; removing magazine, 8. 37, 166; prizes to, 14. 443 n ; irregular clothing accounts, 16. 260; rum deposit, 18. 160; specific supplies, 20. 451 n ; British plans against ships, 24. 280 n ; Vaudreuil's fleet, 25. 202, 214, 275; president at, addresses, 30. 453 n ; Jay Treaty, 34. 254 n ; Washington's fugitive slave, 35. 201, 202. 297, 298.

Portsmouth, R. I., map, 22. 97.

Portsmouth, Va., proposed post, 9. 163; British at, Arnold, 15. 118, 20. 209 n , 325, 21. 197, 229; leveling of British works, 23. 216.

Portugal, wine order, 2. 384; attitude, seizure of American ships, 5. 371, 373. 16. 247, 247 n , 248, 20. 475; armed neutrality, 19. 128, 20. 478; postbellum attitude, mission to, 31. 220–223; Barbary Powers, 33. 331.

Portugal, queen of.* See Maria I.

Posey, Amelia, mention, 5. 462, 14. 149, 21. 387, 22. 15.

Posey, Capt . John,* Washington's affairs, 2. 340; sketch, 340 n , 455 n ; candidacy, 424 n ; Washington on debts and improvidence, 455–460, 473–477, 507– 511, 517–520, 523–527; marriage, 507, 519; Washington acquires land, 509–511, 3. 6, 27, 331 n , 443, 27. 331 n , 443, 28. 76, 77, 31. 134 n ; wife leaves, 2. 526; land rights, Washington acquires, 3. 124, 128, 13. 463, 28. 113, 193, 489; mention, 5. 462; and son's conduct, 28. 166; ferry, 31. 134 n .

Posey, John Price,* movements, 3. 40; Custis estate, Washington's denunciation, 14. 431, 433, 24. 387, 485–487, 25. 443, 29. 76, 143, 144.

Posey, Lawrence, conduct, 28. 154, 165.

Posey, Price. See Posey, John Price.

Posey, Capt . ( Maj., Col., Gen .) Thomas,* detachment, frontier service, clothing, 12. 190 n , 200, 220, 13. 97, 97 n , 110, 251, 292; pay for men, 12. 285; winter quarters, 13, 251; to rejoin regiment, countermand, 439, 14. 46; service, 13. 439 n ; at court of inquiry, 14. 99, 107; on rank in state regiments, 15. 107; light-corps command, 283; regiment, 19. 199; federal army appointment, staff, 32. 105, 161; Wayne expedition, 408; surveyor generalship, 35. 140; Washington's Kentucky land, 36. 119; selection of army officers, 37. 242 n , 255.

Post, Capt . Anthony, artificers, returns, 5. 156, 197, 16. 460; detail, 5. 471; service, 16. 460 n , 17. 334 n ; post, 334.

Post, Capt . Peter, Hudson River vessel, 5. 293.

Postilions, hats, 37. 451.

Postmaster general, appointment, 30. 413. See also next title; Habersham, Joseph; Hazard, Ebenezer; Osgood, Samuel; Pickering, Timothy.

Postoffice, colonial mail to Winchester suspended, 2. 98; Franklin's conduct, 98; colonial postage, 3. 58; wartime southern posts, 4. 54, 445; military franks, 80 n , 289, 17. 341, 26. 5, 6; wartime troubles, 4. 270, 348, 5. 480, 481, 7. 1, 441 n , 27. 48; New York City office moved to Dobbs Ferry, 6. 15, 23; suspected tampering, 7. 413; army office on march, 12. 172; arranged capture of British mail, 13. 163; camp postmaster, conduct, 14. 345, 19. 162, 323 n ; weekly army mail days, 20. 270, 21. 17, 25. 149; military protection, guard, 22. 281, 23. 388, 445, 24. 293 n ; dragoon carrying of marl, suspended, lack of forage, 25. 294, 465, 494; postbellum conditions, complaints, 27. 333, 28. 27, 131, 369, 370, 29. 147, 262, 30. 352, 356; mail stolen, recovery, 27. 220, 221, 228, 29. 147; Convention franks for mail of others, 234; Mount Vernon and mail time, 235; French surveillance, 432, 30. 139; newspapers, 16, 305, 32. 210, 210 n , 211 n , 33. 161, 169; stages or horseback, 30. 17; federal development, improvement, 305, 493; department created, 344 n ; papers for president's information, 344 n ; appointments, 436 n , 490, 31. 218; appropriation of revenues, 30. 456; condition of federal, delays, other complaints, 477, 478, 31. 292, 293, 304, 34. 175, 176, 268, 36. 386, 405; regulation, bill, 31. 168, 218, 402, 403; contracts. 177 n , 348; Philadelphia-Alexandria mail, 381; crossroad routes, 403; conference on, 52. 4; branch of Treasury, 187; tampering with federal mail, 34. 417, 35. 153, 164; and express, 110; Washington's frank, 36. 16, 161. See also . Intercepted letters.

Posts, usefulness on frontier, 32. 126, 146. See also Army; Frontier posts.

Potain, —, balloon, 28. 323.

Potatoes, culture, experimentation, rotation, 29. 227, 244, 337–339, 415–417, 436, 30. 49, 51, 153, 31. 185 n , 32. 80, 202, 237, 465, 494, 33. 10, 41 n , 52, 224–230, 236, 254, 255, 34. 112, 118, 121, 170, 214, 445, 446, 37. 464, 465; marketing, 29. 240; riddle, 30. 109; prospects, crop, harvesting, 32. 181, 257, 33. 146, 394, 395, 453, 468, 34. 24, 43, 49, 51, 63, 224, 338, 35. 264; for seed, 33. 204, 235, 238, 34. 51, 84, 35. 264; planting, report, 33. 344, 351; as cattle feed, 34. 52; and corn, 63, 78, 338; from shoots, 170, 176; probable demand, 209; as fertilizer, 325; for mansion, 35. 264; early, 356.

Potbury, Henry, shipmaster, news, 16. 6.

Potomac Navigation Company, antebellum thoughts and project, 2. 391, 3. 17–20, 81, 82, 126 n , 26. 85, 27. 374, 375; and western development, rivals, Washington's enthusiasm and faith, 3. 19, 20, 83, 27. 375, 28. 24, 31, 48–55, 75, 79, 119, 135, 254, 291, 30. 80, 129, 34. 54, 36. 116, 268, 37. 293, 311, 315, 330; company authorized, 3. 81; reduction of land carriage, 189; postbellum proposal, Washington's activity, financing, 27. 375, 466, 477–479; Virginia and Maryland authorization, later legislation, 480 n , 481, 505, 505 n , 28. 11, 14–22, 24, 27–29, 31, 32, 46, 64, 66, 67, 71, 78, 84, 89, 92, 135, 267, 364, 29. 53, 60, 129, 324, 335, 34. 55, 66; gift stock for Washington, use, 27. 480 n , 28. 34–38, 72, 80, 85, 89–93, 138, 146, 167, 214, 215, 279,. 302–304, 359, 29–49, 34. 60 n , 107, 146, 37. 280; Washington's papers, 27. 505 n , 34. 53, 69; tools, 28. 18, 48; state aid, 19, 31, 36. 115–117, 125, 37. 330, 449, 456, 457; domestic subscriptions, payments, enforcement, financial problem, 28. 31–34,. 37, 65, 73, 78, 123, 132, 143, 184, 207, 219, 263, 278, 396, 29. 267, 300, 301, 324, 335, 451, 30. 57, 58, 33. 469, 34. 85, 381, 494; organization, 28. 32–34, 143, 145, 148, 173, 174; Morris and interest, 48, 49, 55; attitude in Maryland, 53, 34. 357, 381; engineer canals, locks, 28. 73, 80, 85, 160, 184, 207, 255, 261, 265, 266, 292, 329, 337–341, 364, 397, 398, 402, 423, 29. 130, 142, 32. 353, 34. 54, 66, 69, 82, 85–87, 132, 35. 335; plan, 28. 73, 265, 266; foreign subscriptions, 75, 79; meetings, directors, officers, inspections, 179, 207, 215, 217 n , 245, 480, 29. 1, 2, 5, 367, 376, 0058 539 378, 379, 494, 511, 514, 30. 15, 201, 204, 31. 134, 135, 33. 411, 34. 270 n , 36. 119, 125, 158, 380, 37. 309, 459; work, progress, lack, 28. 184, 207, 211, 234, 245, 260, 265, 312, 345, 401, 29. 333, 376, 30. 15, 80, 201, 403, 35. 353, 354, 429, 33. 44, 34–54, 381, 36. 268, 37. 311, 315; manager, Rumsey, Stewart, Meyers, 28. 189, 211, 29. 5, 5 n , 30. 7, 34. 381, 382, 410, 411, 466; labor, wages, slaves, servants, prisoners, 28. 189, 211, 260, 265, 267, 287, 365, 389, 453; Washington's subscription, 219, 32. 366, 34. 494, 37. 301; and James Company, 28. 219, 266, 307; Johnson's services, estimates, 365, 375; spring flood, 453, 459; expert examination of river bed, 29. 1; accounts, 2 n ; development of property at Great Falls, expected town, 30. 128–130, 201–203; and federal district, 31. 502, 32. 19; carries freight, 35, 402; Shenandoah improvement, 36. 125; conveyance of stock, 186; Washington and loan, 276; failure, 37. 281 n ; Virginia representative, 315, 319 n , 329.

Potomac ( Planter) , 58. 444, 29. 66.

Potomac River, as route, development, roads and portages, politics, 1. 100, 101, 27. 373. 482, 28. 12, 31, 50, 67, 71, 78, 205, 29. 218, 332, 348, 525, 30. 200, 31. 438, 439, 33. 149–151, 35. 328; direct English shipments, 2. 339, 348, 350, 360, 372, 377, 381, 383, 386, 399, 409, 413, 430, 462, 3. 56, 57, 89, 37. 491; obstructions and defenses, 4. 134, 200, 201; Yorktown march crossing, 23. 112; Virginia-Maryland commission on use, 27. 375 n ; mud as fertilizer, 28. 271, 272, 296, 306, 2. 300, 33. 176, 37. 466; forks as town site, 28. 415; arsenal site, 33. 443, 463, 505, 517, 34. 129, 242 n , 307, 318, 355, 381, 432, 433, 465, 487, 506, 35. 361, 367, 36. 54, 253, 318; bridge, 35. 482; navy yard site, 36. 464–469; federal defenses, 466 n ; Washington's land on upper, value, use, 37. 296, 339, 454, 550. See also Fish and fisheries; Potomac Navigation Company; South Branch.

Potomack , colonial trade, 2. 362, 433.

Potomack , flagship, 23. 378 n , 379.

Pottawatomi Indians, treaty, 30. 327, 332 n ; Wayne's negotiations, 34. 128 n ; talk, 35. 299.

Potter, —, of Rhode Island, Washington at house, 21. 328 n .

Potter, Corp , Barnabas, detail as blower, 25. 54.

Potter, David, court-martial, capital penalty, pardon, 12. 326, 348.

Potter, Col . ( Gen., Vice Pres .) James,* Princeton, wounded, 6. 469; militia in Philadelphia campaign: before Brandywine, 9. 130, 149, 179; after Brandywine, 232, 236, 240, 245; after Germantown, British supply line, patrol, 337, 338, 344, 346, 392, 405, 408, 409, 474, 475, 496, 497, 10. 9, 12, 216, 295, 296; councils of war, 9. 262, 263 n , 279; impressment, 358; Delaware River defense, 379 n , 10. 43; dismantling mills, 11; fascines, 72; in movement, 72, 142; skirmish, 156; and intelligence, 182; foray, 182; successor, 336, 453; praised, 11. 159; return to command, 374;—suggestion on Iroquois expedition, 14. 175, 176; on Patterson, 351; on bounties, 353; command of militia in expedition, 406; Pennsylvania line reform, 21. 57, 348; bears letter, 25. 106; proposed Iroquois expedition (1782), 190; Wyoming, 301, 321.

Potter, Lieut . John, paymaster, 19.. 334.

Potter, Nathan, court-martial, 25. 156, 157, 179.

Potter, Maj . Reuben (?), movement of militia, 7. 444.

Potter, Mrs . S. C. Armstrong, acknowledgment to, 20. 293 n .

Potter, Capt . Samuel, company, 5. 7.

Potter, William, court-martial, 17. 345, 18. 3.

Potts, David, court-martial, 9. 30.

Potts, John, of Virginia, court-martial, 9. 30.

Potts, John,* of Pennsylvania, loyalist, property, family, 10. 176.

Potts, Dr . Jonathan, Canadian expedition, 4. 520; expected, 5. 111; service, 111 n ; orders, 112; appointment, 7. 40, 70, 71.

Potts, Richard,* attorneyship, 30. 470; resignation, 32. 111; appointments to office, 33. 436; federal district commission, 442; state portfolio, 34. 348.

Potts, Samuel,* Savage estate, 32. 7.

Potts Forge, Pa., troops at, 9. 236.

Potts Grove, Pa., movement of supplies and troops, 9. 233; camp near, 245 n ; headquarters, letters and orders from, 246–270, 37. 541.

Pottstown, Pa. See Potts Grove.

Pouches. See Equipments; Shotbags.

Poughkeepsie, N. Y., equipment of frigates, 7. 65; state prisoners, 12. 283; headquarters, letters and orders from, 13. 220, 24. 385–387; post, division command, 13. 320; Hay's conduct, 21. 145; Washington's visits. 25. 476, 26. 432.

Poughkeepsie Committee of Safety,* defense of Highlands, 5. 450.

Pound, Benjamin, seduction to desertion, 15. 28.

Pound Ridge, N. Y., skirmish, 15. 391; post, 497, 16. 86 n .

Powder, face and hair, orders, 2. 331, 406 n , 3. 93.

Powder, gun. See Ammunition.

Powder horns, making, 4. 97; supply, 13. 418. See also Equipments; Horns.

Powder mills, mention, 5. 310. See also Ammunition (manufacture).

Powel, Elizabeth (Willing),* gift, 29. 272 n ; anti,administration pamphlet, 32. 22; Mrs. Washington's letter drafted by husband, 36. 109 n .

Powel, John, court-martial, capital penalty, 22. 17; execution, 41.

Powel, Samuel,* compliments, 27. 304; Moyes, 28. 163; Vancouver, 163; agricultural society. 200, 367, 441, 31. 13, 32. 441; seed wheat, 28. 306; loan, 400, 401; Mount Vernon, 442, 29. 322; ratification, 386; chair, 30. 91, 93; sainfoin, 91; chestnuts, 99; favor, 195; Bartram's Travels, 31. 56; thresher, 343; presidential mansion, 372, 376, 377, 381.

Powell, —, Dismal Swamp, 2. 411.

Powell, Maj . —, St. Clair expedition, 31. 278, 278 n .

Powell, Ambrose, land grant, 3. 3, 35. 275.

Powell, Benjamin, office seeker, 30. 398.

Powell, Pres . Jeremiah,* Massachusetts Council, recruiting, 11. 423, 12. 253, 254, 261, 14. 404, 405, 19. 117 n ; Cork fleet, 12. 189 n ; forage, 478 n ; militia calls, 14. 290 n , 16. 406 n , 17. 161 n ; Springfield arsenal, 15. 108; British naval threat, 16. 43, 50; powder, 426, 17. 66, 19. 117 n ; seamen, 16. 426, 19. 117 n ; nonstate corps men, 18. 101 n ; Jackson's regiment, 462, 19. 241; deserters, 18. 462; Rochambeau's supplies. 499 n ; line troops and local defense, 19. 89; staff officials, 90.

Powell, Joseph, Mercer bonds, 5. 459.

Powell, Lieut. Col . ( Col .) Levin,* command, 6. 491, 495; seeds, 29. 119, 131; arbitration, 30. 208; selection of officers, 37. 274, 336; cutting box, 418 n .

Powell, Ensign Peyton, appointment, 15. 462; service, 462 n .

Powell, Capt . Robert, court-martial, 10. 298; service, 298 n .

Powell, William, mill, Mercer affair, 3. 196–198, 206.

Powell, Lieut . William, of Virginia, court-martial, 11. 432; service, 432 n .

Powell, William, of Rhode Island, court-martial, 12. 49.

Powell, William H., army appointment, 37. 255.

Power of attorney, recording, 37. 509.

Powers, Rev . —, Reid affair, 21. 240, 241.

Powers, Nathaniel. court-martial, 5. 158.

Powers, Robert, court-martial, capital penalty, pardon, 18. 110, 342.

Powers, under Constitution, 30. 300.

Powers Mill, Va., garrison, 2. 65.

Powhatan County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Powles Hook, N. J., works, construction, 5. 67, 81, 158; post, 88, 198, 222, 6. 59, 37. 528, 529; battery passed by warships, 5. 264; ferry, 298 n ; British occupation, post, 6. 105, 8. 357, 12. 136, 493, 510, 17. 440, 18. 456; Putnam's plan against, 9. 254 n ; Let's plan against, 16. 72, 73, 83, 84, 86; exploit, expected retaliation, 137, 144–147, 149, 154–160, 167, 267, 344; general orders on, 149; controversy, court-martial of Lee, 190 194, 196, 217, 225, 262–265; thanks of Congress, reward, 431, 433; reconnoiter, 17. 421; information sought, 456; as station in intercourse, trade with the enemy, 503, 20. 385; later plans against, 18. 43, 46, 49; British evacuation, 27. 241, 243, 247, 249 n .

Pownall, Thomas, on Walpole Grant, letter, 3. 49 n ; on military use of Indians, 11. 77 n .

Prager, Mark, introductions, 27. 450 n .

Pratt, Charles. See Camden.

Pratt, Lieut . John, quartermaster, 18. 378, 26. 446, 451; service, 18. 378 n .

Praul, Capt . Edward, rank, 15. 35, 112; service. 35 n .

Pray, Lieut . ( Capt .) John,* imposed on, 16. 148; service, 148 n , 22. 199 n , 24. 229 n ; waterguard, arms, discontinuance, 22. 199, 285, 333 n , 24. 229, 233, 25. 51, 237, 27. 8 n ; returns on detachment, 22. 275; in proposed surprise attack, 301, 312 n , 315; reconnoiter in force, 379, 411; intelligence, 24. 60, 25. 18, 19, 177 n , 233 n , 316 n , 349 n ; depredations, 24. 148; command and intercourse, 245, 276, 280, 318, 320 n , 341, 25. 359; subordination, 24. 402, 403 n ; alert, 25. 125; troops for, 237; checking illegal boating, 243, 243 n ; clothing, 316 n ; return of captured British transportation, 26. 272; Washington's barge, 311 n .

Prayer, origin of so-called Washington's, 26. 496.

Prayer books, orders, 2. 370, 3. 61, 94.

Preakness (Passaic Falls, Totowa), N. J., reconnoiter, 19. 80; headquarters, orders and letters from, 109–277, 20. 136, 141–416; impressment of transportation, 19. 429; disposition in case of attack, 20. 266, 267.

Prentice, Sergt . —, provost, 7. 9.

Prentino, —, Vioménil's aide, intercourse, 25. 250.

Prentis, Joseph,* Yorktown address, 23. 485 n ; speakership, 29. 292; neutrality, 33. 93.

Prentis, William, auditor, 2. 317 n .

Prentiss, Maj. ( Lieut. Col .) Samuel, promotion, 5. 350, 423; service, 350 n , 12. 217 n ; regiment brigaded, 9. 380, 12. 217; officer court-martialed, 11. 272. See also Connecticut First Regiment.

Preparedness, essentiality, 17. 463; and peace, 19. 133, 410, 20. 209, 23. 272, 297, 302, 347, 352, 359–361, 365, 367, 381, 477–479, 486, 24. 63, 238, 243, 315, 347, 25, 22, 42, 151, 166, 200; Farewell Address on, 35. 57, 235; public manufactures, 315.

Presbyterian Church,* addresses, 30. 336 n , 453 n ; poor relief, 467.

Prescott, —, of Loudoun, debt, 33. 284, 295.

Prescott, —, of New Hampshire (?), shipmaster, Washington's fugitive slave, 35. 297; shingles, 37. 580.

Prescott, Gen . Richard, first capture, hostage for Allen, 4. 169 n , 171, 173, 174 n , 175, 179, 181, 252, 301; treatment, 5. 297 n , 322 n , 8. 421; exchange question, 5. 384, 6. 22, 23, 45, 74, 100, 8. 416–419, 421, 488, 9. 186, 10. 354, 358, 11. 55, 71, 0061 542 184, 218; and Cadwalader, 6. 296 n ; second capture, 8. 415, 420, 421, 10. 234; information, 16. 333.

Prescott, Col . William, regiment and alarm, 3. 307; post before Boston, 318 n , 357, 4. 207; at court-martial, 3. 333, 334; at court of inquiry, 436; detachment, 447; illness, 498; new establishment of regiment, 4. 190; regiment brigaded, 275, 512, 535, 5. 422, 502; march to New York, 4. 420, 440; regiment there, post, 536, 5. 22, 125, 206, 299, 366, 6. 36; muster, 5. 88; fatigue, negligence, 158, 208. See also Seventh Infantry.

Presentations. See next title; Gifts; Honors.

Presents to Indians, necessity in intercourse, variety, 1. 48, 52, 55, 66, 75, 95, 464, 497, 506, 515, 523, 2. 44, 58, 169; colonial supply, 1. 173, 523, 2. 48, 217; unfit, dissatisfaction, 36, 40, 169; unauthorized distribution, 513; Forbes expedition problem, 173, 183; Continental, 16. 487.

Preserves, orders, 2. 437, 522, 3. 99.

Presidency, Washington's attitude, 29. 463–465, 475, 479, 30. 42, 66, 66 n , 67 n , 77, 97, 98, 110–112, 118–121, 143, 149, 157, 168–171, 175, 177, 185, 237, 268, 281, 291, 298, 309, 495, 496; rotation, 29. 479; Hamilton on Washington's duty, 30. 66 n , 67 n , 110 n ; voting at Alexandria, 177 n ; clothes, 188, 254 n , 279, 280, 312; electors, 184, 195, 218; loan, 222, 223, 330, 31. 114; staff, 30. 228, 229, 250, 284, 365, 367, 477, 32. 17, 43, 44, 504, 33. 170, 449, 516 n , 35. 78, 135, 136, 159, 162, 284, 421, 422; private hospitality, 30. 251, 269; reception at New York, 251, 292 n ; proposed lodgings, 255; progress, Quaker fear of mob, 267; announcement, acceptance, 284–286; events of progress, 286–291; inaugural address, 291–296; barge, 291 n , 308, 31. 107; salary, and expenses, 30. 295, 296 n , 320, 329, 342 n , 445, 34. 140, 36. 257; replies to congratulations, 30. 308, 311, 315–317, 323–325, 330, 331, 337, 339, 376; fear of censure, 309; question of tours, 320; diplomatic intercourse, 333–335; departmental information of old government for, 344; illnesses, 348–352, 366, 369, 396, 31. 41 n , 43 n , 44, 46, 57, 114; information on public opinion, 30. 360, 31. 35, 84; titles, 30. 362, 363 n ; obligation, 395 n ; New England tour, 436, 450 n , 451–453, 497, 502; coach, 476 n , 31. 111, 115, 140, 154; and legislative matters, 30. 492, 502; establishment of precedents, 496; administrative acts, 31. 9; and private claims and proposals, 19 n , 98, 246, 283, 314, 315, 416, 417 n , 454; information from justices on circuit, 31; Long Island tour, 38 n ; health or duty, 46; proposed recreation farm near Philadelphia, 71–73; parade and public dinners deprecated, 77, 101, 32. 110; Rhode Island tour, 31. 93 n , 94 n ; to and from Mount Vernon, party, 99, 100, 109 n , 110, 152, 159, 160 n , 138, 139, 32. 86, 87, 100, 151, 401, 413, 416, 33. 418, 424, 34. 242 n , 337, 35. 177, 180, 385, 399, 430, 37. 570, 575–577; trade patronage, 31. 177 n ; bills before Congress, 207 n ; caution pending events, 209; public duty and private affairs, primacy, correspondence, 212 n , 224, 247, 316, 317, 358, 501, 32. 1, 39, 191, 427, 501, 35. 382, 436, 34. 255, 35. 91, 92, 162, 166, 452, 473, 486, 499, 36. 4, 48; period for considering bills, 31. 224; and private state affairs, 226; satisfaction, 248; and state appointments, 359; departmental affairs, channels, 360 n ; independence, 500 n ; expectation of retirement, 32. 43, 45, 46, 34. 98; proposed Farewell Address (1792), 32. 46–49; question of second term, 136, 136 n ; and candidates, 147 n , 155, 165, 166, reelection, attitude, 309, 310 n , 345 n , 399, 403, 33. 161, 163, 35. 51; second inauguration, 32. 337 n , 361, 361 n , 362 n , 374, 375; clearing desk, 379, 382, 33. 385, 401, 34. 131, 141, 172, 35. 212, 306; solicitations, 32. 409; criticism and policy, abuse, 33. 23, 414, 34. 174 n , 251, 447, 35. 91, 102, 119, 120, 126, 144, 148, 358, 364, 409, 36. 50, 52, 53, 156; Pendleton's criticism, 33. 94–96; execution of laws, 321; task, 352; Lear's information, 354; answer of inquiries, 402; restrained power, 422; emigrés, 423, 35. 167; and publication of private agricultural letters, 34. 21; support of policy by subordinates, 315, 331; impositions, 463; birthday, House refusal to recognize, 477 n ; Pennsylvania legislature and birthday, 477 n ; retirement, finality, 35. 37, 99, 214–218, 237, 238, 322, 323, 408–410, 412, 421, 430, 447, 450, 36. 41, 49, 65, 84; candidates 0062 543 for 1796, contest, 49 n , 412; executive order to supply omitted section in act, 116, 124, 125, 127; departmental preparations for return, 245; and departmental routine, 245; Rittenhouse memorial meeting, 335 n ; final rush of bills, 411; Washington's last act, 417 n ; British approbation, 489, 493; Washington and candidacy m 1800, 37. 312–314, 349, 428 n ; justices and opinion to, 575; settling accounts, 577. See also Adams, John; Addresses; Cabinet; Charity; Congress; District of Columbia; Entertainments; Finances; Foreign relations; Indians; Jay Treaty; Messages; Office; Politics; President of Congress; Presidential mansion; Proclamations; Senate; Southern tour; Spurious letters; Vetoes; Vice presidency; Whiskey Insurrection.

President , 32. 215.

President of Congress,* letters: Burgoyne campaign, 9. 82 n ; cooperation with Estaing, 12. 174 n ; specie, 15. 44 n ; Burgoyne as prisoner, 21. 474 n ; circular on Virginia crisis, 22. 172; committee to camp, 23. 14 n ; British recognition of independence, 26. 15 n ; suspension of hostilities, 268, 269; mutiny, 27. 42 n ; Washington's attendance on Congress, address, 83 n , 116 n ;—Hancock's resignation, 9. 413; Washington and Laurens, 10. 33, 13. 421; Laurens and resignation, 10. 160 n , 13. 421; Jay, congratulations, 422; Huntington, congratulations, 16. 440, 440 n ; introduction of French officers to, 20. 403, 404, 406, 435, 436, 21. 136, 137 n , 440; McKean, 22. 389 n , 404, 404 n , 405; Hanson, 23. 343, 345; Boudinot, 25–350 n , 394; Lee. 28. 10. See also following presidents by name: Boudinot, Elias; Hancock. John; Hanson, John; Huntington, Samuel; Jay, John; Laurens, Henry; Lee, Richard Henry; McKean, Thomas.

Presidential mansion, first, 30. 255, 349 n ; carpet, 31. 8, 18; second New York, 15; lamps, 15, 174; cooks, 15 n , 33, 34, 44, 117; trays, 70, 99 n ; Philadelphia, rooms, their use, addition, 110–113, 32. 102; fuel, 31. 111, 118; servants, conduct, 111, 120, 129, 160 n , 251, 297, 300–303, 34. 334 n , 37. 571; steward, 31. 112, 117, 121, 132, 136, 251, 275, 297, 300, 33. 389–393; preparations, 31. 116, 122, 126, 127, 132, 134, 136, 137, 148, 149, 37. 570–572; settlement of unexpired New York lease, 31. 122, 125, 132; rent in Philadelphia, 136, 152–154, 374, 377, 381, 37–578; wine, 31. 137, 300, 35. 95, 125, 159; tradesmen, 31. 141; housekeeper, 251, 275; garden, 251, 275; carriage and stable servants, 302; Washington and proposed public, 372–374, 376, 377, 381, 504, yellow fever, 33. 87; temporary, at Germantown, 102, 108, 113, 135, 136, 360; provisions, 151, 430, 455; excessive expense, 393; clearing, disposal of furniture, baggage, list, 35. 251, 418 n , 424 n , 428, 441, 442, 37. 576–578; accounts, 36. 85; status of slave servants, 37. 573; preparing for Adams, 578. See also Entertainments; White House.

Presqu' Isle, Pa. See Erie.

Press. See Books; Newspapers; Periodicals.

Preston, Lieut. Col . Isaac, desertion of militia, 7. 45.

Preston, Nelly C., acknowledgment to, 3. 192 n .

Preston, William,* guides Washington, 1. 478; Washington's land warrants, 3. 191, 278, 27. 364; sketch, 3. 278 n .

Preston, Sergt . William, court-martial, 7. 484.

Preston, Conn., route by, 12. 196; Washington at, 21. 328 n .

Prestonpans, Braddock's regulars at battle, 1. 151 n , 237.

Preudhomme de Borre, Chevalier ,* brigadiership, 7. 363, 429; service, 363 n ; advanced pay, 430; orders, 441; brigade major, trouble with, 8. 85 n , 92, 9. 7, 44, 65, 96; brigade, post, instructions, 8. 98, 100, 129 n , 9. 103, 369; movements, 8. 279; Philadelphia campaign, 9. 6, 44; irregular execution by, 7; conduct at Brandywine, suspended, resigns, 216, 216 n , 228.

Preville, Chevalier de, Rhode Island, 12. 377.

Prevost, Gen . Augustine, wife, 15. 105 n ; reenforcement, 16. 38; special exchanges, 20. 54, 67, 366; supposed reenforcement of Cornwallis, 21. 295, 298, 299, 314. See also Southern campaign.

Prevost, Robert, paymaster, 5. 438.

Prevost, Theodosia (De Vinne),* exchange of brother, 15. 105.

Prévost de Sensac, Jean Baptiste. See Traversay.

Price, —, of New York (?), Estaing's flour contract, 13. 277.

Price, Ezekiel, Boston selectman, letter to, 34. 252 n .

Price, James, Canadian expedition, 4. 24, 29; commissary, instructions, 5. 46, 47, 120.

Price, John, forage commissary, court-martial, dismissed, 16. 127.

Price, Ensign ( Lieut .) Leonard, commission, 1. 165, 176; recruiting, 232; assignment, 274; at Fort Cumberland, 380; scout, 472; rank, 2. 56.

Price, Richard, on Washington, 28. 63; on powers of Continental Congress, 174; Adams, 31. 241 n .

Price, Capt . ( Maj., Col .) Thomas,* company, 3. 497; command, 6. 56, 72; recruiting, results, returns, 7. 405, 406, 479; regiment brigaded, 8. 98, 12. 216; officers, 9. 67; court of inquiry, 10. 79, 101; court-martial, 13. 106, 484; resignation, 106 n , 484 n , 19. 491. See also Maryland Second Regiment.

Price, Sir Uvedale,* essays, gift, 37. 122, 248.

Price, Capt . William, British officer, exchange, 6. 327.

Price, Capt . William, of Maryland, court-martial, 17. 458; service, 458 n .

Price, Capt . William,* of Virginia, fireworks, 27. 258; service, 258 n ; registrar, Difficult Run land, 37. 433, 450.

Prices, colonial: for soldiers' articles, 1. 361, 457; fish, 3. 109; wheat and flour, 110, 112, 186; slaves, 252; tobacco [ see Tobacco];—wartime: provisions, 4. 43; peas and beans, 43; arms, 327; regulation, deprecated, 5. 40, 6. 486, 9. 150, 10. 150, 327, 11. 55, 14. 313; rival bidding, 10. 218, 229, 256, 11. 23, 340; barter rates, 10. 260, 314, 331; and supply, 346; state regulation and antecedent contracts, 11. 58, 74; liquor, at camp, 132, 162; clothing, 270, 17. 477; horses, 11. 384, 12. 271, 13. 21; in Philadelphia, 11. 501; forage, 12. 313; various high, and officers' pay, 13. 21, 15. 5, 16. 386; and West Indies rumors, 13. 192; land, 408, 409; corn, 428; coach, 18. 129 n , 177; crockery, 234; spurs, 21. 249 n ;—postbellum; mattresses,: 27. 435; wheat and flour, 28. 235, 236, 404, 425, 30. 114, 243, 32. 263, 302, 315, 461, 466, 480, 33. 285, 292, 315, 369, 375, 34. 14, 24, 51, 64, 75, 82, 102, 136, 192, 208, 394, 396, 422, 449, 474, 496, 502, 508, 35. 24, 507, 36. 55, 37. 102, 135. 151, 186, 221, 426; butter, 28. 369, 375; Madeira, 507; other grain, 29. 82, 118, 32. 276, 34. 115, 495, 36. 123, 159, 172, 173; slaves, 29. 83, 117; around Pittsburgh, 135; land, regional, 202, 203, 30. 92, 31. 17, 175, 340, 344, 32. 66, 335, 356, 33. 268, 357, 377–380, 403–407, 448, 451, 456, 490, 36. 317; meat, 29. 205, 35. 436; oyster shells and lime, 7, 9. 215, 32. 435; slave clothing, 29. 235, 31. 186; fireplace fittings, 29. 282 n ; agricultural, 299, 31. 188, 345, 440; nails, 29. 499; shingles, 30. 114, 164; clover and grass seed, 137, 31. 427, 32. 256, 457, 33. 260, 34. 373, 480; horses, 30. 422, 460, 31. 187; silver articles, 70; iron, 345; day, 35. 435; jackasses, 37. 103. See also Speculation.

Pride, Lieut . Reuben, adjutant, 20. 31; service, 31 n .

Priest, John, court-martial, 5. 299.

Priestley, Joseph,* right to patent, 35. 21.

Prime, definition, 1. 4.

Prince, Capt . —, of Virginia, at camp, 3. 432.

Prince Edward County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n ; French crisis, 36. 498.

Prince Edward (St. John) Island, unwarrantable captures, 4. 152.

Prince George , prize, 4. 11, 15, 16, 31.

Prince George County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Prince Georges County, Md, excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Prince Georges Lodge, N. C., address, 31. 285 n .

Prince William County, Va., colonial militia detachments, 1. 188, 191, 201, 323, 329, 345–349, 351, 357, 367, 368, 371, 2. 62, 66, 73, 78, 83, 194, 195, 203, 209, 212, 219–221; nonimportation, 512; independent company, 3. 266; militia for Philadelphia campaign, 9. 353; militia and Yorktown campaign, 23. 110; excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Prince William Courthouse, Va., 1. 6 n .

Prince William Henry , capture, 33. 5 n .

Prince William Parish, S. C., address, 31. 288 n .

Princess Anne County, Va., war measures, 5. 93; excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Princess Royal , H. M. S., 12. 472.

Princeton, N. J.,* magazines, 6. 255, 293, 7. 176; letter from, 6. 323; troops at (1776), 323, 325, 331, 336; British at, 377, 378, 462, 467; battle, 467–472, 481, 489; American reoccupation, 501; movements of troops, post, 7. 14, 17, 188, 227, 236, 486, 8. 49, 50, 62, 63, 238, 244, 248, 251, 13. 51 n , 345 n ; British wounded, 7. 15; exchange of British officers, 173, 178, 180, 230, 282; works, 8. 106; removing stores, 163; precautions (1777), 232 n , 233; hospital, protection, Monmouth wounded, 10. 105, 150, 11. 208, 12. 131; staff reforms, 11. 80; alarm signal, 14. 284, 284 n ; route by, 19. 401, 23. 7, 59, 27. 35; Washington and Rochambeau at, 23. 59; as seat of government, 27. 37 n , 46, 148; Washington's attendance on Congress, purpose, 82, 83, 99, 102, 103, 107, 113 n , 116, 117; address, 115; president-elect at, 30. 291 n .

Princeton University.* See College of New Jersey.

Princeton University Library, material from, 12. 303 n .

Principio Company, affairs, 28. 8, 476.

Printing press, need at headquarters, 8. 443, 445 n .

Prints. See Engravings.

Prior, Capt . Abner, of New York, Indian affairs, 32. 327 n , 341 n ; bears letter, 386.

Prior, Capt . ( Maj .) Abner William, of Connecticut, officer of the day, 20. 129, 233, 264, 22. 336; service, 20. 129 n , 21. 454 n , 22. 336 n ; at court-martial, 21. 454.

Prior, Allyn,* Washington's Ohio land, 37. 416.

Prison ships, British, at New York, conditions, protests, 7. 4, 5, 21. 143, 144, 144 n , 145 n , 220, 22. 495, 23. 24, 84, 256, 467, 24. 316, 422, 423; escape, 13. 29 n , 34; retaliation, 21. 243.

Prisoners, civil, colonial convict ship, 2. 361, 364, 367, 409; convict labor, 28. 389; maintenance of federal, 34. 430.

Prisoners, military, Simsbury prison, 4. 155; sentences, confinement, bread and water, 499, 513, 5. 24, 32, 42, 81, 84, 90, 111, 10. 481, 17. 66, 346; regulations, examinations, trial, inspection, reports, 4. 505, 5. 90, 196, 10. 14, 11. 220, 12. 39, 40, 16. 65, 18. 320, 19. 424, 20. 25, 222; escape, 5. 196, 10. 334, 360, 16. 220, 19. 208, 253, 370; evidence, 8. 257; prisons at Valley Forge, 10. 307; civilians, 11. 143, 202; French alliance celebration, release, 357 n , 362; drunks, 12. 344 n ; work, 457, 13. 437, 439; illegal release, 17. 139; treatment, 19. 370; Hudson island jail, 21. 461 n ; escort to new provost, 26. 89; general pardon, 103. See also Crimes; Provost.

Prisoners of war, French war, attempted escape, 1. 56, 58, 64, 67, 68, 69, 443; early places of confinement, 3. 376, 381, 394, 4. 419, 5. 35, 11. 255; treatment, retaliation threats (1775–76), 3. 416, 417, 422, 426, 430, 463, 4. 170, 171, 173, 175, 179, 181, 252, 301, 407, 475, 5. 145, 322 n , 323 n , 358, 465, 6. 101, 260, 359, 360; (1777), 7. 357, 390, 8. 216–219, 252, 9. 381, 10. 6, 65, 66, 97, 99, 111, 118, (1778), 251, 283, 323, 444, 11. 33, 150, 167, 372, 421, 437, 441 n , 13. 51 n ; (1779), 14. 144, 16. 110, 117, 159, 356, 17. 45, 46, 166; (1780), 19. 257, 258 n , 473–476; (1781), 21. 145 n , 251, 286, 389, 23. 391, 24. 317 n , 336, 337, 25. 436, 461 [ see also Barbarity; Prison ships; and, below, “marine”]; regulations, control, 3. 427, 4. 48, 73, 126, 5. 35, 16. 235–237, 23. 408, 413, 24. 6, 25. 245; complaints of British officer, 3. 463, 518, 521–523, 0065 546 4. 35, 42, 43; exchange questions, special, selection, priority (1775), 4. 43, 171, 197; (1776), 253, 286, 294, 312, 475, 5. 448, 465, 6. 100, 101, 201, 297, 308, 309, 317, 319, 322, 324, 327, 359, 391, 410, 414, 425, 437, 501, 503; (1777), 7. 10, 42, 79, 84, 87, 113, 171, 173, 178, 180, 185, 187, 191, 202, 213, 230, 242, 258, 260, 281, 8. 290, 333, 336, 9. 161, 10. 178, 189; (1778), 281, 309, 344, 348, 11. 24, 129, 300, 302, 333, 350, 12. 73, 346, 13. 201, 354, 405; (1779), 14. 50, 299, 370, 15. 415, 16. 73, 143, 154, 171, 172, 179. 227, 326, 335, 434, 17. 12, 306, 326; (1780), 480, 18. 119, 238, 302, 305, 323, 325, 327, 19. 69, 249, 250, 272, 436, 478, 20. 54, 67, 174, 221, 243, 366, 376, 377, 475, 497; (1781), 21. 168, 169, 222, 372, 399, 400, 22. 479, 23. 221, 396; (1782), 25. 26, 221, 240, 246; (1783), 26. 58 [ see also , below, “cartel”]; release of British, 4. 151, 21. 87, in England and Ireland, relief, Harvey, 4. 197, 24. 281, 472, 27. 28, 29, 94, 253; marine, treatment, exchange questions, 4. 469, 470, 5. 26, 355, 365, 416 n , 447, 448, 473: 6. 130, 131, 437, 504, 7. 4, 5, 107, 11. 368, 455, 12. 240, 14. 157, 15. 105. 414 n , 16. 475, 476, 18. 26, 251, 19. 93, 21. 105 n , 143, 144, 144 n , 145 n , 220, 243, 244, 22. 495, 23. 407–409, 24. 5, 22, 54–59, 64, 67, 315–317, 337, 337 n , 395, 406, 422, 423, 25. 72, 147, 197 n , 241, 242, 293 n , 402, 410, 417, 437, 462, 26. 4, 12–14, 59, 95, 134. 148, 201, 256; cartel affairs, attempts, meetings. failures (1776), 5. 37, 297 n , 355–357, 370, 383, 465–467, 6. 100, 117, 122, 129–131, 139, 157. 158, 163, 173, 180, 182, 260, 278, 280 n , 282, 284, 291, 296, 297, 323, 348, 359, 390, 391, 404, 410, 411, 413, 425, 454, 456, 491, 503; (1777), 7. 141, 155, 190, 232, 236, 242, 246, 252, 313, 388, 8. 131–133, 182, 203, 215, 219, 220, 233, 239, 242, 291, 352, 422, 489, 9, 429, 442 n , 463, 10. 1, 7, 64, 99, 112; (1778), 345, 428, 444–446, 11. 1, 38–45. 53, 55, 70, 131, 167, 173, 175, 176, 184, 197, 203, 209, 212–214, 216–218, 219 n , 247, 276, 278 n , 372, 13, 258, 331, 343, 344, 348, 349, 354, 358, 359, 361, 369, 388 n , 406, 415, 454; (1779), 14. 1, 12, 47, 238, 239, 254–257, 299, 334, 335, 359–361, 365–367, 15. 12, 313, 16. 130–132, 171, 187, 227, 232, 275, 324–326, 336, 339, 357, 364, 17. 90, 292, 296, 342, 352, 401, 408–411, 417, 476, 487, 488 n , 501; (1780), 18. 28, 54, 55, 60, 84, 87–89, 116, 117, 119, 122, 188, 272, 20. 132, 134, 186, 314, 316, 320, 324, 325, 330, 375, 377, 443, 444; (1781), 21. 103; (1782), 23. 373, 440, 441, 441 n , 464, 467, 24. 10, 12 n , 22, 23, 53–59, 66–68, 88, 175, 186, 187, 190, 191, 223, 263, 336, 338, 342, 372, 475, 25. front., 32, 33, 35–38, 46, 71, 108, 111, 112, 122, 134, 136, 146, 161, 163, 169, 185, 186, 191, 192, 195–197, 201, 216, 221, 231, 235, 296 n , 26. 178; in Canada, 5. 117, 22. 237, 24. 475, 25. 335, 351, 441; from captured transports after siege of Boston, 5. 143, 148, 151, 167, 169, 183, 190, 202, 209, 243, 248; general officers of both armies, treatment, exchange, Prescott, Stirling, Sullivan, Lee, Burgoyne, Phillips, Riedesel, Hamilton, Lincoln, Cornwallis, 4. 169 n , 171, 5. 384, 6. 22–24, 45, 74, 97, 100, 117, 173, 183, 297, 310, 322, 334 n , 349, 452, 492, 501–503, 7. 1, 207, 208, 211–214, 224–226, 235, 252, 253, 259, 300, 311, 314, 314 n , 378, 379, 8. 132, 220, 221, 239, 416–419, 421, 488, 9. 186, 10. 354, 358, 11. 39, 55, 70–73, 184, 214, 218, 295, 16. 68, 272, 319, 17. 166, 19. 96, 149, 259, 436, 20. 27, 67, 69, 135, 136, 192, 243, 268–270, 315, 322, 323, 325, 21. 236, 453, 457, 463, 474, 475, 22. 18, 20, 21, 177, 214, 278, 476–479, 23. 66, 133, 369, 372, 404, 24. 4, 5, 9–12, 17, 23, 56, 79, 148, 444, 466, 25. 35, 72, 161, 196; pay, after expiration of term, officers, 6. 27, 7. 191, 10. 401, 11. 32, 92, 12. 28, 280; Long Island, 6. 75, 93; state accounts, 181, 182; not desiring exchange, 181, 182; and promotion, 188–190, 201, 10. 402, 11. 63, 64, 16. 180, 253, 1, 307; examination of British, 6. 240; officer' servants, 259, 260; daily exchange, 261; Fort Washington, 287 n ; relief, supplies, funds, resident agents, 294, 296, 297, 308, 310, 410, 413, 41, 65, 85, 344, 435, 446, 476, 491, 8. 18, 57, 191, 195, 218, 489, 9. 337, 10. 64, 119, 158, 159 n , 309, 317, 351, 352, 355, 356, 408, 417, 443, 11. 36, 300, 353, 12. 240, 13. 28, 332, 14. 13, 53, 292, 318, 404, 17. 48, 316, 319, 324–326, 377, 473 n , 18. 330, 345, 470, 471, 480, 19. 11, 121, 255–257, 436, 446, 468, 20. 30, 32, 52, 190, 190 n , 191 n , 234–236, 330, 356, 436, 446, 21. 26, 72, 83, 143, 143 n , 227, 364, 389, 22. 130 n , 150, 23. 441, 24. 21–24, 65, 68, 90, 93, 427, 429, 25. 28, 376–378; enlistment, opposition, 6. 310, 317, 504, 7. 3, 11. 73, 81, 82, 148, 380, 383, 12. 73, 470, 13. 41–43, 22. 1, 33, 34, 23. 383, 25. 467, 468; Trenton, 6. 443, 444 n , 445, 447, 448, 0066 547 450, 452; mercenaries, disposal, propaganda, 453, 464, 480, 9. 423, 424; British wounded and sick, 7. 15, 13. 18, 23. 288, 313, 324–327, 330, 377, 380, 497, 24. 332; baggage of British, 7. 173; cantoning British, labor, 173; establishing rank, precedence, ratio in exchange, 202, 12. 73, 390, 14. 146, 147, 16. 242, 324, 19. 250, 436; expenses, accounts, settlement questions, 7. 231, 242, 316, 9. 482, 10. 445, 11. 38, 40, 45 n , 216, 218 n , 12. 17, 18. 168, 20. 377, 448, 21. 72, 23. 373, 440, 441, 441 n , 24. 10, 12 n , 22, 54, 55, 175, 26. 178, 30. 478, 479; exchange returns, 7. 242, 9. 181; irregular exchange, 7. 242; rank and file release, parole and reenlistment 259; payment for lost baggage, 357; Washington's reply to charge of violating cartel, 375–380; pay to representatives of dead, 458; military-civil exchange disapproved, 8. 66; proposed raid to free, 82; British act on “rebel,” retaliation, 133, 221 n ; militia, exchange, 290, 15. 340, 341, 415, 17. 353, 20. 220, 9. 1. 72, 85, 219, 222, 237; agent and illicit correspondence, 8. 489; exchange of field officers, 9. 38, 10. 367; British, in Philadelphia campaign, 9. 143, 148, 155, 160, 165, 188; plans to capture enemy generals, 183, 184, 11. 29, 30, 51, 21. 6, 7, 24. 99; American wounded, care, 9. 217, 244; exchange or parole of officers, 10. 1, 7, 112, 118, 119, 164, 188, 11. 379; recruiting by British, 10. 65, 11. 372 n , 15. 9 n , 22. 280; exchange of foreign volunteers, 10. 155, 25. 26, 28, 29 n ; German officers' exchange, 10. 479; board of wives, 512, 11. 6, 32; exchange of convalescents, 127, 447, 24. 18; capture while scouting, warning, 11. 155; policy of general exchange, 438, 441, 443, 502, 503, 12. 13, 16, 25, 64, 72, 221; French and by French, exchange, transfer, 221, 514, 518, 13. 89, 104 n , 14. 304, 305, 23. 163, 222, 24. 18, 25. 10; right to negotiate exchange, 12. 314; during British raid, 13. 1, 2, 15; exchanged officers, rank and return to service, new arrangement, 420, 14. 234, 480; special severity, 13. 454; privateer's captives, exchange, 14. 50, 19. 436, 20. 221, 310; British at Fort Frederick, Rutland, Lancaster, West Point, 14. 104, 107, 110, 171, 173, 267, 347, 22. 265, 25. 256, 27. 41; movement, guard and escort, escape, Stony Point, 14. 105, 122, 15. 432, 454 n , 455–457, 18. 262, 460, 21. 479, 483, 22. 26, 25. 106, 111, 234, 241, 254, 319; of Southern campaign, Charleston, Yorktown, exchanges, 14. 255, 18. 8, 19. 125, 374, 382, 20. 128, 132, 192, 194, 315, 322, 325, 366, 21. 208, 303, 365, 22. 92, 93, 130, 177, 214, 23. 67, 133, 311, 369, 372, 373, 390, 395, 404, 480, 481; frontier exchange, civilian and military, 14. 477, 478, 485, 15. 169, 469; Germain on mistaken leniency, 15. 8 n ; the fit from British officer, restoration, 39, 40; British arrears in exchange, 415; Indian, 16. 13, 346; line and state systems, conflicts in exchange, 15, 17. 307, 354, 18. 26, 302, 304, 324, 325, 328, 19. 69, 160, 161, 272, 436, 500, 501, 20. 156, 218–222; Powles Hook, 16. 154, 155, 159; few American privates, 465; exchange of escaped, 17. 70; Canadians, release and use, 96 n , 20. 310; status of captures by militia, 17. 112; Clinton and treatment, 166, 19. 257, 258 n ; state borrowing of British officer, 17. 306; Mrs. Burgin's services, 319; chaplains, release, 18. 202, 216, 475, 22. 344, 23. 139, 25. 26, 38, 196; pass for wife of ex, changed, 18. 230; passing exchanged, 242, 25. 34; transportation of exchanged, 19. 17, 20. 464; Washington's opposition to general exchange and officer-soldier composition, 19. 96, 148, 150, 222, 248, 259, 22. 168; exchange of officers, 19. 148, 160, 161, 402 n , 435, 438 n , 445, 458, 20, 132, 134, 186, 314, 316, 320, 324, 325, 330, 375, 377, 443, 444, 21. 142, 165, 236, 22. 19; provisions for families, 19. 222; escape and term of service, 374, 375, 382, 469, 472; surgeons, exchange, release, 8. 352, 19. 478, 25. 26, 38, 196; status, 20. 229; exchanged officers' funds, 293; capture of imprudent officers, warning, 302; exchange and reappointment of officers, 21. 31; furloughs and clothing for exchanged, 95, 176; officers and rearranged army, 103; exchange and discharge or service, 201, 23. 383; irregulars, 21. 274, 284; officers' accounts and debts and exchange, 454, 24. 393, 401, 26. 178, 282; confusion in exchange system, 21. 372, 22. 18, 20, 21, 177, 214, 278, 476–479; interservice rank in exchange, 22; misunderstood standing of exchanged officers, 75, 156; conduct of British deputy commissary, 279; irregular Vermont.Canada cartel, 346; special exchange of engineers, 25. 73; British officers' protest of bills of exchange, 74; Yorktown, number, march, supplies, disposal, 135, 260, 261, 263 n , 294, 303, 324–326, 0067 548 347, 383, 384; American deserters at Yorktown, 171. 252, 320–322; Yorktown, claiming to be Americans, 337; New Jersey protest, 404, 405; proposed release of British, for settlement, 24. 37; provisions issues, movements of exchanged, 185, 25. 482, 484, 485, 489, 26. 70, 72, 74, 80; Dobbs Ferry as exchange depot, 24. 304; special exchange of Sugar House prisoners, 336, 337; irregular flag arrivals as, 25. 88, 113, 114; as armorers, 140; soldier,marine exchange opposed, 418; no exchange of British veterans, 418; peace and restitution, liberation of British, 26. 115, 308, 340–343, 346–348, 348 n , 350, 351, 370, 398 n , 401; letters of service, 178; Franklin's exchanges, 237, 247, 248; number of British, 341. See also Canadian expedition (prisoners); Civilians (prisoners); Commissary of prisoners of war; Convention troops; Loyalists; Paroles; Reprisal.

Pritchard, Francis, detail, 18. 162.

Pritchard, Capt . Thomas, commended, 21. 44.

Private secretary, need, search, requirements, 28, 23, 65, 70, 149, 157, 158, 177–179, 309–312, 315, 356; Shaw, 177–180, 190, 191, 357. See also Lear, Tobias.

Privateers, French and Indian War, 2. 356; Massachusetts, 4. 81; American, prizes, 5. 105, 370, 373, 6. 150, 7. 492 n , 18. 276, 276 n ; crews and captives as prisoners of war, exchange, 5. 365, 14. 50, 157, 158, 16. 227, 228, 236, 326, 18. 26, 20. 221, 310, 26. 221, 310; Washington's interest, 10. 61; British, Bermuda and New York bases, 14. 437, 454, 17. 230; bad effect, 15. 313; deserters in crews, 18. 463; liquor to headquarters, 19. 39 n ; capture of Quebec merchant fleet, 19. 388–391, 20. 21, 24, 35; success, 22. 381; of French Revolution: equipment and use of American ports, 32. 415, 416, 420, 447, 451, 455 n , 507, 510; British then, 512, 513; problem, consideration, 33. front ., 3, 4, 22, 28, 34–36, 48, 56, 57, 90; rules, 35, 37, 57; case, 36 n ; Genêt's activity, 38; American seamen, 38; and embargo, 307; indemnity to British for French captures, 507–509; spoliation by Bermudian, 34. 101, 399; French spoliations, 430, 430 n , 35. 120, 36. 233, 260, letters of marque for expected French war, 298 n . See also Navy; Neutrality.

Prizes, recapture from British, status, 3. 513, 4. 425, 469, 14. 103, 104; by Americans (1775–76), Washington's Fleet, 3. 527, 4. 4, 11, 15, 23 n , 72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 120, 128, 130, 132, 141, 149, 156, 172, 179, 196, 201, 274, 284, 290, 298, 313, 323, 378, 386, 515, 5. 85, 86, 139, 143, 145, 148, 151, 160, 167, 169, 183, 190, 202, 209, 243, 248, 273, 347, 360, 371, 6. 356, 437 (1777–79), 7. 330, 492 n , 8. 7, 271, 339. 483, 9. 287, 299 n , 11. 67, 73, 12. 222, 13. 203, 16. 260, 493; agents, conflict, 4. 7, 5. 381; legal disposal, distribution, regulations, delay, conflicts, 4. 11, 12, 16, 31, 34, 38, 73, 75, 82, 141, 142, 150, 152, 160, 187, 206 n , 295, 312, 322, 469, 490, 517, 518, 5. 26, 139, 233, 234, 301 n , 12. 20, 26. 164 n ; instructions 4–38, 261, 262; liability, 145 n ; rescued ship with loyalist goods, complications, 513–517; prisoners, 5. 26, 18. 26; unverified accounts, 5. 148; army supplies, requisition, appraisement, 170, 178, 179, 301 n , 352, 373, 477, 8. 288, 292, 14. 231, 234, 473, 474, 18. 276; Nova Scotia case, 5. 233, 234; by British, 334, 7. 339, 341, 9. 289, 15. 18; light-horse transport, 6. 184; sold in France, 7. 206 n ; French supply ship, release demanded, 8. 65; by army, in the Delaware, status, 10. 245 n , 274, 275, 291–295, 302, 311, 338–340, 497, 512, 11. 6, 32, 33, 120, 12. 20, 407; transports taken by whaleboats, 14. 69, 214, 273; by Rhode Island armed vessel, 138; state condemnation, division among troops, 15. 155; ordnance or flour ship, 16. 216; by French and Spanish, 20. 255; officer on leave and money, 23. 45; by seamen from British flagship, damages, 24. 358 n , 25. 407 n , 410, 454, 469; by French privateers, consular courts, 33. 16–18; federal rules, 37, 113, 172. See also Privateering.

Probst, Maj . Michael, court-martial, cashiered, 6. 26, 40.

Proclamation of 1763, Indian trade, 2. 315 n ; and land grants and purchases, Washington, 468, 469 n , 522 n , 3. 1–4, 124, 149–153, 277–279, 13. 81, 463, 27. 315, 316, 320–323, 326–328, 346, 348–350, 442, 28. 196, 220, 261; purpose, provisions, enforcement, 2. 469 n , 3. 26 n , 37. 488; and West Florida land warrants. 3. 126, 129, 0068 549 184; Dunmore and grants, Washington's appeal, 150 n , 151, 152, 155–158, 183–185, 191, 192; line, 157; rights of provincial troops, 184; survey and Dunmores War, 211 n , Hillsborough's attitude, 37. 506.

Proclamation warrants, Maryland, 30. 234, 253, 31. 7.

Proclamations,* wartime: occupation of Boston, 4. 412, facing 412; intercourse with British warships, 533; anticipating bombardment of New York, 5. 445; Howe's, in New Jersey, 6. 334 n ; on New Jersey advance, 460; New Jersey neutrals, 7, 36, 37, 61, 62, facing 62, 109, 120, 142–144, 175, 188–190, 227; deserters, amnesty, 364, 9. 406, 426, 427, 496, 14. 222, 429, 431, 474, 18. 462, 19. 375, 382, 468, 470–472; Howe's, in Philadelphia campaign, 9. 152, 300, 306; threshing wheat, 10. 175, facing 177; pardon of condemned soldiers, 12. 348, 18. 422 n ; Thanksgiving, 17. 189, 190; Canadians, 18. 476; market places, 22. 351, 352; discharge of southern army, 27. 229; discharge of Sheldon's corps, 247;—federal: Thanksgiving, 30. 427, 34. 76 n ; Creek treaty, 31. 88 n , 92; aggressions on Indians, 99, 32. 260; federal district, 31. 202, 254; O'Fallan, 250; excise disturbances, 32. 149–155, 169, 208, 209, 33. 306 n ; countersigning, 32. 152; neutrality, 420 n , 430, 449; French western enterprise, 33. 304, 305; Whiskey Insurrection, amnesty, 457–461, 507–509, 34. 31, 232–234, 258, 258 n ; copper coin, 429; Jay Treaty, 481 n ; San Lorenzo and Algerian treaties, 487 n . See also Addresses; General orders.

Procter, Maj . ( Col .) Thomas,* court of inquiry, 7. 25, 47; service, 25 n ; artillery corps, use, 55, 76, 82, 263, 289, 8. 386, 415, 10. 279, 397; skirmish, 7. 411; ordered to camp, 8. 415, 416, 17. 485; Philadelphia campaign, 9. 116, 119, 131; courts-martial of soldiers and officers, 168, 170, 360, 11. 19, 201, 263; assaulted and abused, 9. 170, 20. 153; at court-martial, 10. 434, 11. 387; bears letter, 6; promotion in corps, 63, 64; Forrest-Crane affairs, 127; rank, and rank and status of corps, 134, 135, 12. 459, 14. 192, 193, 286 n , 290 n , 294, 294 n , 16. 76, 22. 45–47; British raid, 123. 168 n ; objection to uniform, 14. 341; new arrangement, 15. 50, 80, 236, 17. 485, 18. 277; transfers to corps, protest, 17. 263, 20. 345, 21. 46, 411,: 22. 47, 48; Shippen trial, 18. 109, 110, 377; court-martialed, 20. 265, 266; at Philadelphia, 21. 250; winter quarters, 411; to South, 473; resignation, commended, 481, 484, 22. 48, 193; Iroquois interference, 31. 405. See also Fourth Artillery.

Proctor, Charles, prisoner of war, 5. 145.

Proctor, Capt . Francis, bears letter, 7. 346; court-martial, cashiered, 11. 84, 127, 387.

Proctor, Isaac, court-martial, 9. 29.

Proctor, Ensign Jonas, court-martial, 4. 2, 3.

Proctor , release, 30. 475 n .

Profanity, prevalence, orders against, 1. 179, 382, 392, 396, 3. 309, 5. 32, 367, 8. 152, 123. 119, 16. 13; trial, punishment, 3. 410, 13. 137.

Professions, address at Philadelphia, 27. 268.

Profiteering. See Speculation.

Promotion, in Continental army: principles, reform, regimental line or state rank, regularity, regulations, 3. 519, 520, 5. 55, 206, 350, 351, 6. 135, 160, 161, 456 n , 7. 93, 8. 232, 245, 264, 272, 276, 391, 392, 418, 9. 81, 295, 442, 442 n , 472, 10. 126, 240, 380–382, 11. 485, 123. 420, 16. 5, 51, 133, 134, 170, 180–183, 253, 17. 275–280, 318, 448, 18. 272, 273, 474, 20. 488–491, 502, 21. 15, 19, 20, 403–410, 22. 70, 138; right of succession, disallowance, 5. 17, 33, 55; noncommissioned officers, commissions, 351, 16. 110, 211, 212, 17. 13, 20. 184; prisoners of war, 6. 188–190, 201, 10. 402, 11. 63, 64, 16. 180, 253, 306, 307; nonstate corps, artillery, cavalry, bases, 8. 276, 11. 15–18, 63, 64, 66, 134, 135, 470, 20. 379, 502, 21. 275, 357, 364, 414, 481, 22. 45–47, 63, 224, 344, 391; as reward, 9. 348, 11. 206, 12. 457 n ; danger in special, 10. 227, 234, 237, 249, 253 n , 17. 450, 451, 27. 8, 171; irregular, inquiry, refusal, 10. 450, 461, 476, 485, 14, 213, 13. 65, 18. 18, 234, 478, 479, 19. 19, 27. 142; majority jumps, 11. 18; awaiting regular, 12. 3; to preserve rank, 41; in light 0069 549 184; Dunmore and grants, Washington's appeal, 150 n , 151, 152, 155–158, 183–185, 191, 192; line, 157; rights of provincial troops, 184; survey and Dunmores War, 211 n , Hillsborough's attitude, 37. 506.

Proclamation warrants, Maryland, 30. 234, 253, 31. 7.

Proclamations,* wartime: occupation of Boston, 4. 412, facing 412; intercourse with British warships, 533; anticipating bombardment of New York, 5. 445; Howe's, in New Jersey, 6. 334 n ; on New Jersey advance, 460; New Jersey neutrals, 7. 36. 37, 61, 62, facing 62, 109, 120, 142–144, 175, 188–190, 227; deserters, amnesty, 364, 9. 406, 426, 427, 496, 14. 222, 429, 431, 474, 18. 462, 19. 375, 382, 468, 470–472; Howe's, in Philadelphia campaign, 9. 152, 300, 306; threshing wheat, 10. 175, facing 177; pardon of condemned soldiers, 12. 348, 18. 422 n ; Thanksgiving, 17–189, 190; Canadians, 18. 476; market places, 22. 351, 352; discharge of southern army, 27. 229; discharge of Sheldon's corps, 247;—federal: Thanksgiving, 30. 427, 34. 76 n ; Creek treaty, 31. 88 n , 92; aggressions on Indians, 99, 32. 260; federal district, 31. 202, 254; O'Fallan, 250; excise disturbances, 32. 149–155, 169, 208, 209, 33. 306 n ; countersigning, 32. 152; neutrality, 47,0 n , 430, 449; French western enterprise, 53. 304, 305; Whiskey Insurrection, amnesty, 457–461, 507–509, 34. 31, 232–234, 258, 258 n ; copper coin, 429; Jay Treaty, 481 n ; San Lorenzo and Algerian treaties, 487 n . See also Addresses; General orders.

Procter, Maj . ( Col .) Thomas,* court of inquiry, 7. 25, 47; service, 25 n ; artillery corps, use, 55. 76, 82, 263, 289, 8. 386, 415, 10. 279, 397; skirmish, 7. 411; ordered to camp, 8. 415, 416, 17. 485; Philadelphia campaign, 9. 116, 119, 131; court-martial of soldiers and officers, 168, 170, 360, 11. 19, 201, 263; assaulted and abused, 9. 170, 20. 153; at court-martial, 10. 434, 11. 387; bears letter, 6; promotion in corps, 63, 64; Forrest-Crane affairs, 127; rank, and rank and status of corps, 134, 135, 12. 459, 14. 192, 193, 286 n , 290 n , 294, 294 n , 16. 76, 22. 45–47; British raid, 13. 168 n ; objection to uniform, 14. 341; new arrangement, 15. 50, 80, 236, 17, 485, 18. 277; transfers to corps, protest, 17. 263, 20. 345, 21. 46, 411, 22. 47, 48; Shippen trial, 18. 109, 110, 377; court-martialed, 20. 265, 266; at Philadelphia, 21. 250; winter quarters, 411; to South, 473; resignation, commended, 481, 484, 22. 48, 193; Iroquois interference, 31. 405. See also Fourth Artillery.

Proctor, Charles, prisoner of war, 5. 145.

Proctor, Capt . Francis, hears letter, 7. 346; court-martial, cashiered, 11. 84, 127, 387.

Proctor, Isaac, court-martial, 9. 29.

Proctor, Ensign Jonas, court-martial, 4. 2, 3.

Proctor , release, 30. 475 n .

Profanity, prevalence, orders against, 1. 179, 382, 392, 396, 3. 309, 5. 32, 367, 8. 152, 13. 119, 16. 13; trial, punishment, 3. 410, 13. 137.

Professions, address at Philadelphia, 27. 268.

Profiteering. See Speculation.

Promotion, in Continental army: principles, reform, regimental line or state rank, regularity, regulations, 3. 519, 520, 5. 55, 206, 350, 351, 6. 135, 160, 161, 456 n , 7 –93, 8. 232, 245, 264, 272, 276, 391, 392, 418, 9. 81, 295, 442, 442 n , 472, 275–280. 240, 380–382, 11. 485, 15. 420, 16. 5, 51, 133, 134, 170, 180–183, 253, 17. 275–280, 318, 448, 18. 272, 273, 474, 20. 488–491, 502, 21. 15, 19, 20, 403–410, 22. 70, 138; right of succession, disallowance, 5. 17, 33, 55; noncommissioned officers, commissions, 351, 16. 110, 211, 212, 17. 13, 20. 184; prisoners of war, 6. 188–190, 201, 10. 402, 11. 63, 64, 16. 180, 253, 306, 307; nonstate corps, artillery, cavalry, bases, 8. 276, 11. 15–18, 63, 64, 66, 134, 135, 470, 20. 379, 502, 21. 275, 357, 364, 414, 481, 22. 45–47, 63, 224, 344, 391; as reward, 9. 348, 11. 206, 12. 457 n ; danger in special, 10. 227, 234, 237, 249, 253 n , 17. 450, 451, 27. 8, 171; irregular, inquiry, refusal, 10. 450, 461, 476, 485, 14. 213, 15. 65, 18. 18, 234, 478, 479, 19. 19, 27. 142; majority jumps, 11. 18; awaiting regular, 12. 3; to preserve rank, 41; in light 0070 551 cooking, kettles, 169, 170, 173, 188, 250, 272, 281, 2. 105, 107–109; supply, estimates, returns, 1. 173, 245, 251, 260, 287, 342, 423, 459, 474, 481. 2. 90, 127, 130, 138, 139, 143; preserving meat, 1. 174, 207, 232, 235, 240, 246, 282, 283, 2. 3, 51; for frontier posts, regulations, 1. 183, 229, 230, 232, 259, 260, 282, 363, 390, 403, 405, 439, 469, 520, 2. 46, 110, 111, 129; at Fort Cumberland, Maryland's rejection, 1. 224, 425, 2. 20, 24, 29, 33, 51, 74, 79, 95, 118, 121, 129, 153; companies from other colonies, 1. 236; abandoned frontier crops, 225; issue, regulation, ration dispute, 256, 257, 2. 33, 111, 307; lack and Indian raid, 1. 329, 330; for militia, waste, 330, 349, 425, 493, 500, 2. 72, 76; detachments, 1. 384, 412; bad, 396; laborers, 400; Indians, 2. 46, 131, 149, 150; accounts, settlement, 101; Forbes expedition, returns, scarcity, 222, 225, 226, 228, 230, 232, 233, 239, 244, 247, 250, 258–260, 265, 267, 270, 272–274, 284–287, 291 n , 303–307; officers' servants' allowance, 228; cost of transportation, 279. See also Casks; Cattle; Commissary; Salt.

Revolution : conditions at siege of Boston, sufficiency, 3. 315, 338, 368, 371, 455; conditions in Boston, American supply, 407, 458, 489; Canadian expedition and Northern army, 471, 4. 495, 531, 5. 8, 45, 47, 54, 77, 112, 116, 118, 119, 130, 192, 291, 293, 296, 6. 193; supply in movements, 4. 394, 8. 252, 9. 214, 12. 86, 88, 110, 120 n , 121, 122, 132, 13. 176, 15. 258, 409, 18. 450, 22. 306, 23. 455, 25. 65, 101, 164, 37. 534; supply question, paper money, transportation, scarcity, distress (1776), 4. 503, 5. 80, 133, 276, 6. 217–220, 409, 421, 488, 37. 534; (1777), 6. 453, 457, 7. 60, 189, 362, 8. 130, 9. 237, 238, 244, 10. 183 n , 184 n , 192, 193, 198, 205, 215; (1778), 253, 268, 392, 394, 423–425, 432, 459, 461, 463, 467–474, 483, 484, 491, 494, 501, 511, 513, 11. 9, 68, 117, 123, 184, 277. 398 n , 492; (1779), 15. 117, 185, 186, 229–232, 237, 446, 467, 17. 92, 188, 193, 309, 312, 314; (1780), 357, 365–367, 415, 449, 464, 467, 478, 18. 50, 54, 121, 131, 137, 150, 151, 198, 308, 406, 413, 442, 463–465, 472, 509, 19. 68, 87, 131, 136, 150, 151, 212, 240, 376, 449–451, 20. 17; (1781), 21. 62, 65–68, 105, 120, 135, 136, 153, 158–160, 201, 208, 220, 224, 225 n , 252, 268, 306, 321, 22. 23 n , 41, 42, 52, 58–60, 63–66, 68–72, 82, 83, 142, 144, 188, 209, 220, 223 [ see also “Yorktown,” below]; (1782), 25. 418; embargo, 5. 120, 121, 128, 159, 331, 334, 335 n , 13. 466; fatigue, artificers, laborers, 5. 166, 13. 6–8, 19. 215, 26. 56; militia, 5. 191, 225, 248, 6. 10, 11. 447, 12. 483 n , 13. 176, 177, 19. 316, 20. 336, 22. 422, 24. 159, 160, 162, 163, 266, 268, 269, 477; detachments, posts, advanced line, guards, 5. 198, 8. 230, 11. 418, 12. 286, 13. 71, 17. 378, 476, 18. 401, 24. 309; stoppage of coasting vessels, 5. 330, 332–334; capture, from prizes, 352, 360, 12. 20, 14. 69, 18. 276 n , 22. 416; emergent preparations of food, 5. 436, 444, 478, 504, 6. 202, 207, 232, 335, 358, 361, 363, 429, 8. 202, 212, 231, 285, 302, 375, 379, 456, 466, 473, 475, 481, 491, 494, 9. 134, 139, 193, 200, 227, 252, 405, 412, 498, 10. 20, 70, 79, 138. 139, 11. 141, 463, 12. 458, 16. 4, 17. 440; waste, 6. 125, 223, 9. 347, 14. 503; British supply, forage, from Europe, 6. 150, 162, 7. 26, 27, 48, 90, 94, 165, 179, 402, 433, 478, 8. 117, 131, 10. 199, 12. 180–182, 188–190, 13. 369, 444, 17. 62, 20. 192, 255, 314, 358 [ see also Trade with the enemy]; removal before danger, 6. 307, 7. 256, 345, 363, 449, 9. 229, 13. 329, 439 n , 455, 14. 249, 18. 326; magazines, 6. 406, 416, 488, 496, 8. 500, 10. 293, 11. 408, 18. 326, 19. 70, 21. 245; inquiry into withholding, 6. 505; prisoners of war, 7. 42, 12. 240. 466 n , 490, 13. 28, 119, 123, 132, 14. 13, 53, 292, 318, 404, 20. 145, 155, 356, 436, 21. 388, 23. 261, 26. 72, 74, 80; competitive bidding, 7. 160; control over procuring, 250; sources, near and far, 8. 52, 130, 21. 105; distribution, issues, regulations, irregularities, graft, 8. 142, 446, 9. 191, 204, 10. 306, 320, 347, 14. 422, 19. 217, 222, 310, 394, 20. 187, 188, 199–201, 21. 54, 90, 97–99, 118, 119, 24. 146, 259, 343, 393; character, inadequacy, poor balance, 8. 441, 445 n , 10. 241; effect on discipline, 8. 442, 10. 461; salt food advocated, 9. 154; officers, 204, 25. 57, 416, 478, 489, 495; Delaware River defense, 9. 261, 395, 418, 423, 10. 6; returns, 200, 499; supply and prices, fixing, 327, 346, 15. 366; public reluctance, 11. 46; frontier, scarcity, contract, Fort Schuyler, 60, 14. 54–56, 59, 98 n , 113, 118, 142, 179, 195, 409, 415, 15. 120, 18. 406, 409, 420, 449, 19. 37, 41, 46, 48, 287, 377, 416, 20. 299, 21. 253, 256, 259, 457, 462, 22. 7, 29–31, 35, 36, 42, 50–53, 55, 60, 82, 83, 477, 484, 24. 118, 0071 552 119, 126, 255, 255 n , 443, 444, 25. 175; state supply, 11. 124, 17. 365, 439; sick, method of supply, fresh, 11. 166, 270, 319, 12. 50, 58, 242; and campaign plans and operations, crux, 11. 178, 185, 365, 18. 152, 457, 19. 206, 212, 246, 247, 393, 398–400, 403, 462, 470, 20. 51, 21. 477, 22. 144, 223, 338; ephemeral supply, 11. 277, 20. 59; Estaing's fleet, 12. 182, 183, 213, 410, 453, 480 n , 16. 343, 345, 404, 409, 446, 452; proposed Long Island raid, 12. 206; state prisoners, 283, 319; soldiers' wives, 283; proposed Canadian expedition problems, 13. 178, 178 n , 224 n , 225 n , 228, 237 n , 241, 243, 269, 270, 272, 302, 304, 319, 327, 328, 403, 430, 431, 14. 32, 237; West Indies rumors and prices, 13. 192, friendly Indians, 327, 14. 24, 272, 328, 17. 68, 82, 83, 19. 88, 385, 21. 285, 384, Iroquois expedition, 14. 76, 96, 177–179, 270, 318, 355, 415, 418, 15. 350, 370, 16. 204, 205, 222; officers' agreement for fixed prices, 15. 366; discharges advanced to conserve, 17. 358, 20. 403, 407, 417, 447, 453, 457, 469, 470, 495, 505; sufficiency, winter, 17. 449, 464, 23. 389, 406, 459, 24. 26; extortion in charges, civilian inquiry, 18. 85; lack of funds, 330; French troops, 390, 497–499, 19. 156, 183, 22. 43–45, 54, 56–58, 60, 25. 244, 245; due bills for deficient, 18. 495; supply through merchants' associations, 19. 68, 87, 150, 151, 212, 240, 376; collecting scattered deposits, 70; restriction on noncombatant issues, 222; Southern campaign, 404, 20. 37, 51, 146, 147, 24. 115; from West Point to main army, 19. 446, 491; soldiers' depredations, payment, 21. 37; duplication in issue, 54, 90, 97–99, 118, 119; general orders on suffering, 158–160; barter for transportation deprecated, 505; headquarters table, 22. 344, 388; conversion, 365, 368, 464, 467, 23. 313; Yorktown campaign, 1–3, 11, 48, 51, 56, 75–77, 81, 82, 99, 112, 115, 120, 122, 125, 126, 128, 130, 157, 163, 164, 166, 168, 209, 257, 313; intendant, 24. 159, 468; deranged officers, 25. 57, 495; staff departments, 127, 128 n ; officers' servants, 26. 15, 16; replacement of lost, 30; Oswego expedition, 57, 57 n ; marching furloughed men, 465; frontier post plans, countermand, 27. 72, 80, 85, 122. See also Commissary; Contract system; Cooking; Fish; Flour; Impressment; Liquor; Markets; Meat; Ration; Salt; Speculation; Transportation; Vegetables; Vinegar.

Domestic and federal army : colonial orders abroad, 2. 162, 331, 333, 334, 383, 437, 454, 522, 3. 25, 91, 99; local buying, complaints, 2. 340, 341; for frontier laborers, hunter, 3. 199, 257, 258, 269, 272; Mount Vernon postbellum orders, 27. 151, 160, 296, 398, 405, 28. 223 n , 237, 315, 369, 375, 381–383, 427, 492, 29. 258, 265, 30, 20, 230, 36. 174, 175, 188; slave allowance, 31. 186, 187, 32. 65, 437, 458, 474–476, 33. 54, 64, 201, 202, 337; overseer's, 31. 188; Wayne's force, troubles, 32. 127, 162, 235; head workers' allowances, 33. 200, 205, 207, 233, 239, 255; gardener's allowance, 34. 65; army, on frontier, 493. See also Cook; Ratio n ; foods by name.

Provoost, Mrs . —, pass to New York City, 24. 47.

Provost, Robert, paymaster, 14. 251.

Provost, Mrs . Samuel, house as headquarters, 12. 182 n , 13. 267.

Provost (Light dragoons, Maréchausée corps), guard, 4. 257, 5. 80, 7. 20, 17. 78, 20. 222; appointments, 7. 9, 153; duties, 20, 466, 8. 156, 269, 13. 61–63, 68–70, 17. 78, 20. 142; mounted corps equipments, 9. 304 n , 10. 374–376, 11. 443, 12. 26, 241, 22. 150; under new arrangement, 12. 32; and staff departments, 13. 103, 154;, soldiers' assault, 137; officer and troops court-martialed, 247, 14. 310, 324, 424, 15. 360, 25. 292; in coast-guard force, 14. 319, 373; and state line, 15. 92, 22. 343; Wolfen, 15. 92, 127, 206 n ; clothing, 93; commissions, 127; on march, 212, 215 n , 19. 426; gratuity, 16. 132; escort of paper money, 157, 158; for advanced post, 213; escape of prisoners, 220; and Armand's corps, 17. 497, 18. 25; returns, 13; winter post, 179, 184 n ; maneuvers, 433; field duty, 19. 41; relief, 278; line of battle, 20. 187; officers, 266 n , 21. 142 n , 27. 155 n ; rearrangement of army and position, 20. 333, 400; Morrisania raid, 21. 115; impressment of transportation, 505; condition of corps, rightful pay, 22. 149, 150, 27. 177; expected dissolution, 22. 281, 352; to main camp, 372; Yorktown, 23. 106, 148; recruiting, funds, 491, 492, 24. 24, 25; force, 165; movements, 437 n ; breaking up of camp, 25. 299; new buildings, inspection, 0072 553 repair, 25. 333, 26. 90, 210; fort major, 90; as final Commander in Chief's Guard, 27. 177. See also next title; Prisoners; Von Hoer, Bartholomew.

Provost marshal, need, 3. 349; appointments, 4. 224, 6. 145, 10. 341, 18. 70, 96, 19. 189, 21. 482, 22. 394, 397; duties, instructions, 4. 232, 233, 19. 424; suffers, 4. 329; assistant, 17. 359; return to regiment, 18. 451; court-martialed, 19. 208; disobedience and arrest, 21. 482 n , 485; dismissed, 496, 497. See also Bryan, Thomas; Marony, William.

Prowell, Capt . ( Maj .) Joseph,* absorption of regiment, 13. 55, 14. 356 n , 37. 548 n ; service, 13. 55 n , 15. 162 n ; letter for, 14. 402; rank, demoted, 15. 162, 184, 185, 221, 277.

Prudent , H. M. S., at New York, 19. 180; condemned, 23. 192.

Prussia, suggested treaty (1777), 8. 302; attitude, 10. 109, 16. 247 n ; treaty (1786), liberality, 28. 493, 521; and Dutch, 30. 71; Jacobins and regicide, 32. 63 n ; king and Lafayette's imprisonment, 33. 243 n ; French peace, 34. 506. See also Frederick II.

Prussing, Eugene E., acknowledgment to, 2. 337 n ; Estate of George Washington , 36. 378 n ; on Washington's emancipated slaves, 37. 277 n .

Pry, Capt . Thomas, bears letters, 19. 262, 25. 348; service, 19. 262 n , 25. 348 n .

Pryor, Capt.-Lieut . John, Stirling's aide, 15. 256.

Public affairs, Washington's postbellum attitude, 28. 503, 515, 517. See also Government.

Public Building. See Temple.

Public debt, state and military loans, 4. 248, 277, 313, 525, 5. 306, 309, 6. 384, 387, 7. 58; borrowing by commissary general, 6. 389; funding plans (1783), comment, 26. 222 n , 489; Clinton's loan, 27. 242; Neufville as creditor, 296, 28. 259, 30. 350, 35. 372; expectations from federal government, 30. 83; obligation, 304; federal loans authorized, foreign, 31. 31, 240, 32. 79, 137, 211, 394, 487 n , 488, 489, 503–507, 33. 33, 299, 300, 338, 375, 397, 398, 423, 34. 70, 152 n , 35. 87; payment, 31. 39, 33. 33, 43 n , 338; board on reduction, 31. 104; sinking fund, public lands, 168, 32. 211, 212, 314 n , 507, 33. 339, 342; federal district loans, 32. 13, 14 n , 34. 353, 356–358, 361, 420, 35. 63, 64, 73, 88, 89, 94, 98, 111, 267, 270, 271, 290, 293, 309, 319, 345, 414, 36. 118, 189, 190, 37. 455; Indian campaign loan, 32. 40, 42; criticism of policy, 95; refunding, 33. 27, 42, 43, 43 n , 168; new loans, 33, 299, 300, 338, 375, 397, 398, 423, 34. 110 n , 142 n ; Washington's stock, 33. 516 n , 15. 454, 462 n , 484, 36. 32, 276, 37. 301; needed plan of payment, 34. 36; delayed payment, 108 n ; charges, 108 n ; redemption act, 142 n , 392; offer of loan, 35. 126; Farewell Address on, 230. See also Accounts; Assumption n ; Foreign loans and aid; Funding; Loan office certificates; Paper money.

Public industry, proposed, 9. 73, 35. 315.

Public lands, Virginia office, 17. 22, 23; reservation of mineral land and salt springs, 28. 11; policy, price, 12, 106, 108, 109; ordinance of 1785, Washington's comment, 137, 138, 172–174, 204, 206, 208, 234, 251, 486; intrusions, 30. 376; survey and sale, 376, 31. 402, 403, 34. 47, 35. 134; Scioto Company, Gallipolis, 31. 64, 65, 34. 142 n ; and sinking fund, 31. 168; Northwest Territory grant cases, 177 n ; available, 385, 415; protection of Indian rights, military grants, 386, 398, 463; Miami Purchase affairs, 378; fight to relinquish to Indians, 32. 349, 359 n , 360 n ; Vincennes confirmation, 33. 364; equitable claim, 36. 117. See also Bounty; Land grants; Ohio Company, second: Surveyor general; Western claims.

Public opinion, ineptitude, 11. 289; president's interest, 30. 360, 31. 35, 84; criticism and presidential policy, 33. 23, 414, 34. 174 n , 251, 447, 35. 91, 102, 119, 120, 126, 144, 148, 358, 364, 409, 36. 50, 52, 53, 156; Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 463, 475, 506. See also Addresses; Jay Treaty; Neutrality; Politics.

Public papers, adjutant-general, 8. 10. See also Papers, Washington's.

Public Record Office, material from, 15. 9 n .

Publicity, false, 29. 94; avoidance, 30. 153.

Pugh, Jesse, place, 1. 186, 272, 362.

Pugsley, Gilbert, loyalist, place, 12. 248.

Puillon, Peter, intercourse with enemy, 5. 20.

Pulaski, Count Casimir,* foreign volunteer, sent to Congress, 9. 112; chief of dragoons, 143, 244; dragoon foray, 288; brigade major, 305, 10. 305; returns, 9. 313; impressment, 432 n ; council of war, facing 462; complaint against Moylan, 472; on winter campaign, 10. 133 n ; patrol detail, 199; winter quarters and post, instructions, moving, 234–236, 304, 352, 13. 221, 264, 265, 268, 275, 276, 293, 322, 338, 339, 351, 397, 402, 475, 14. 24, 26; corps, recruiting, prisoners of war, deserters, officers, 10. 305 n , 419 n , 11. 81, 230, 337, 12. 55, 13. 41–43, 221 n , 357, 373 n , 14. 78, 79, 489 n , 491, 16. 157, 27. 127; exercise master, 10. 305; horses, 305; dragoon supplies, prices, 353, 457; pattern saddle, 419; cattle drive, right to command, 525 n , 11, 6, 7, 13, 20; Washington on, 20, 80, 82, 13. 322, 323; retirement from dragoons, 11. 20, 80, 114, 115, 13. 42; complaints against corps, 12. 114, 115; use of corps, 470, 470 n ; British advance (1778), 514, 514 n , 515, 523, 528, 13. 14; movements, 51 n , 15. 220 n ; illness, 13. 220; size of corps, 268; question of leaving, 322; ammunition, clothing, artillery, 373, 374; discipline, 14. 25; and Armand's corps, problem, proposed union, 35, 65; corps to South, 74, 77–79, 88; money advanced to, 288; frontier protection, 453; rank in corps, 15. 309; death, 17. 108, 109, 121; corps to Armand, 451, 496, 18, 25, 20, 311.

Pulse, in rotation cropping, 34. 445, 446.

Pulteney, William, Washington on work, 17. 144.

Pump, for Mount Vernon, 29. 264, 50. 35.

Pumpkins, crop, 29. 243; culture, 37. 463, 465, 470.

Punctuality, orders on, 11. 194; at meals, 36. 118.

Punderson, —, shipmaster, 3. 218.

Punishments, military, summary, 1. 353, 6. 71, 234, 238, 9. 188, 189, 227, 10. 191, 376, 11. 249, 284, 21. 148, 150, 25. 355; capital, deprecated, pardon, reprieve (1756–57), 1. 358, 359, 381, 385, 2. 1, 97, 115, 118; (1776), 5. 182. 193, 501, 6. 91, 103, 144, 235, 236, 240; (1777), 7. 183, 197, 204, 285, 311, 324, 351, 353, 405, 412, 413, 8. 23, 59, 83, 114, 210, 452, 466, 9. 80, 88, 99, 100, 170, 267, 329, 341, 342, 439, 469, 476 n , 492, 10. 63; (1778), 273, 277, 283, 289, 290, 320, 11. 11, 12, 65, 253, 265, 353, 354, 356, 12. 14, 242, 254, 313, 326, 332, 348, 358, 450, 13. 54, 55, 60, 61, 95, 138–140, 167, 171, 471; (1779), 14. 358, 376, 377, 426, 460, 467, 474, 475, 15. 49, 63, 71, 101, 105, 317, 364, 381, 404, 436, 468, 16. 77, 149, 172, 209, 283, 17. 87, 94, 138, 198; (1780), 344, 346, 388, 485, 491, 18. 22, 23, 34, 35, 48, 65, 110, 197, 222, 258, 319, 380, 408, 422, 434, 19. 18, 23, 163, 209, 224, 366, 446, 477, 20. 33, 175, 179, 222, 253, 335, 485; (1781), 21. 123, 232, 233, 458, 459, 468, 483, 496, 22. 17, 41, 70, 134, 180, 181, 183, 423, 438, 455, 486, 487, 23. 15, 219, 284, 316, 320, 321, 329; (1782), 24. 9, 31, 33, 132, 249, 267, 279, 311, 325, 328, 374, 407, 436 n , 25. 2, 8, 87, 90, 178, 190, 205, 211, 252, 252 n , 261, 406; colonial, for mutiny, 2. 1; officers cashiered (1775), 3. 313, 348, 383, 397, 411, 427, 430, 433, 445, 473, 490, 496, 515, 4. 28, 30, 40, 89, 95, 108, 110; (1776), 344, 5. 95, 99, 142, 6, 41, 91, 180, 215, 230, 234, 275 n ; (1777), 7. 19 n , 122, 146, 152, 338, 365, 413, 422, 483, 8. 23, 59, 112 n , 211, 9. 65 n , 100, 360, 403, 404, 435, 438, 10. 88, 89, 169, 191; (1778), 259, 273, 276, 289, 299, 307, 312, 314, 347, 351, 405, 422, 434, 450, 451, 473, 475, 476, 11. 20, 50, 60, 83, 98, 119, 202, 266, 294, 375, 376, 382, 387, 432, 433, 454, 465, 489, 12. 24, 40, 48, 92, 172, 191, 318 n , 354, 358, 374, 375, 525, 526, 13. 73, 183, 213, 247; (1779), 14. 102, 103, 294, 377, 16. 90, 127, 148, 150, 449, 451, 17. 86, 142; (1780), 18. 34, 64, 161, 162, 184, 480, 19. 466, 498, 20. 179; (1781), 21. 47, 138, 454, 22. 133, 443, 486, 23. 65, 207; (1782), 24. 451, 452, 25. 44, 154, 225, 254, 260, 0074 555 292, 410, 452; wooden horse, 3. 333; fatigue, for civilian, 377, 11. 143; officer confined to tent, 3. 448; drummed out, retained as laborer, 497, 514–516, 4. 268, 5. 24, 32, 411, 8. 362, 405, 10. 266, 11. 83, 17. 66, 21. 234, 26. 339, 372, 424; noncommissioned officers reduced, 4. 90, 499, 513, 5. 6, 38, 39, 6. 37, 43, 50, 178, 7. 183, 197, 204, 285, 311, 324, 351, 405, 412, 413, 8. 24, 59, 201, 344, 401, 403, 436, 9. 167, 11. 274, 14. 424, 15. 360, 17. 346, 24. 311, 25. 382, 26. 220, 440; apology, 4. 180, 362, 5. 111, 8. 201, 9. 31, 10. 298, 26. 49, 366; stripped, 4. 499; inadequate, 5. 90, 14. 180, 376, 425; right to inflict exemplary, 5. 172; capital threatened, 501; inadequate of permitted, 6. 114; cashiered with infamy, publication, 234, 10. 191, 273, 314, 405, 434, 11. 50, 61, 83, 141, 12, 8, 81, 18. 161, 21. 23, 355; cautious use of capital, 7. 459, 8. 18, 50; camp colormen, 7. 483; service in navy, 8. 268, 269, 404, 9. 168, 170, 12. 242, 448, 16. 442, 445, 18. 65, 21. 355, 357, 22. 70, 25. 252 n ; carrying out, 8. 303; illegal capital, by brigadier, 9. 7; ignominious, 99, 170; transfer to foot service, 99, 100; officer suspended, operation, 379, 26. 49, 130, 137; of staff by line offices, 10. 67, 13. 103, 153; staff officials dismissed, 10. 169, 289, 507, 11. 49, 141, 142, 281, 12. 242, 16. 127; need of intermediary, hard labor suggested, 10. 402, 12. 343, 344, 377, 21. 178; officer's sword broken over head, 10. 434; commissions taken from officers, 474, 476; restoration of officers, refused, 475, 13. 33, 23. 65, 207, 25. 300 n , 28. 94, 95; illegal, 11. 57; enlistment as alternative, 253; loyalist, summary, 284; commutation, 11. 317, 12. 12, 22. 70, 25. 252 n ; lying in arrest as, 12. 273, 13. 136, 137, 14. 343; example as purpose, 13. 55, 95, 139, 167, 471, 15. 64, 20. 228, 253, 25. 111; obtaining confession from convicted spies, 13. 71; making up time by deserters, 15. 71, 16. 128; Washington's review of capital cases, 15. 317; running the gantlet, 17. 345, 346, 24. 447; ordered, 18. 3; picketing, 19. 415; restitution, pay forfeit, and dismissal, 20. 97, 21. 355; evil of arbitrary, 179; disability to office, 355; distinction, 25. 332; forfeit of badge of merit, 26. 110, 191; haltered and drummed out, 372. See also Amnesty; Courts, martial; Cowardice; Crimes; Executions; Fines; Pardon; n ; Provost; Reprieve; Reprimand; Whipping.

Purcell, Lieut . Henry D., court-martial, 12. 92; service, 92 n .

Purdie, Alexander, newspaper, 7. 53; military notices, 366 n .

Purnell, —, information, 9. 57.

Purple Heart, decoration. See Badge of military merit.

Pursignan. See Genevy de Pursignan.

Purveyor, medical, 20. 218; pay, 24. 481; of public supplies, appointment, 34. 124 n ; office in provisional army, 37. 43; Francis. 352. See also Commissary.

Purviance, John H., office, 33. 67, 72, 73; Monroe, 36. 199, 226.

Purviance, Samuel,* western lands, 16. 61, 62, 27. 216, 28. 392; Smith, 29. 79.

Purvis, Lieut . ( Capt .) George, adjutant, 12. 338; service, 338 n , 26. 238 n ; continuances in service as staff officer, 238.

Putnam, Maj . Daniel,* resignation, 18. 157; father's aide, 157 n .

Putnam, Maj . Ezra, at court-martial, 6. 132.

Putnam, George H., acknowledgment to, 3. 405 n .

Putnam, Gen . Israel [1], major general, 3. 299, 301 n , 308, 326; post before Boston, 322; fascines, 345; aides, 354, 5. 165, 18. 157 n ; division, 3. 356, 396, 521, 5. 423, 6. 4, 12. 409; on paying troops, 4. 8 n ; Cheeney affair, 108; Cobble Hill, 116 n ; letters: on Babcock, 143 n ; to Clinton on spy, 9. 56 n ; on plan against British posts (1777), 254 n ; on reenforcements from Northern army, 371 n ; after retreat, 400 n ;— at courts of inquiry, 4. 176, 187; on troops for Canada, 257; and Canadian command, 290; “Congress” mortar, 379 n ; occupation of Boston, 401 n , 403 n , 404; march to New York, 402; and possible British relanding, 423, 424, 455; instructions on New York command, 442, 5. 67–69, 76, 77, 86–88, 96, 97; “Old Put,” 4. 455; fatigue, 5. 5, 438; orders to artificers, 38, 39; alarm posts, 39, 6. 120; loyalists, 5. 69, 70, 7. 109, 0075 556 175, 8. 145; general orders by, 5. 78 n , 497 n ; councils of war: Staten Island attack, 265 n ; alarm posts, 370; retreat from Long Island, 502 n , 508, 509; 1778 plans, 12. 231 n ; Rhode Island campaign, 288 n ; inspector general department, 438 n ; winter quarters, 13. 76 n ;—Indian troops, 5. 356; boats, 368, 410, 11. 35, 36; Kings Bridge, 5. 425, 8. 121–123, 144; details, 5. 436, 471, 6. 146; irregular firing, 5. 486, 487; Long Island command, 487 n ; Harlem Heights, 6. 57, 206; hurting, 87; Fort Washington, 286; Philadelphia command, defenses, 340, 345, 352, 353 n , 400, 423, 425, 438, 439, 446, 457; ill, 438, 17. 442, 18. 157; New Jersey advance, Princeton post, 6. 471, 501, 7. 14, 15, 17, 37, 45, 175, 177, 188, 188 n , 227, 266, 371, 449; removal of supplies, 96, 449; incapacity, retired from command, 100 n , 11. 25, 31, 68, 69, 95, 319, 484, 24. 86; militia, fines, 7. 186, 189, 210; irregular flag, 210; severity with prisoners, 268; Sullivan's jealousy, 290; spies, 385, 16. 313; Hudson River command (1777), 8. 47, 51, 67, 94, 97, 116, 10. 515 [for events, see Hudson River; Peekskill]; secretary, 8. 300; on abuse of horses, 452 n ; reenforcements for Washington, rebuked, 9. 70, 83 n , 10. 2, 3, 40, 83; and separate department, 9. 290; loses wife, 401; funds, 10. 28, 36, 41, 349, 515, 14. 108 n , 125; Hudson River works, 10. 40, 41, 129–131, 212, 307, 348, 515; intercepts supplies, reproved, 41, 42, 45, 334, 423, 426, 515; plunder controversy, 119, 120; Livingston's criticism, 149 n ; leave, 213, 308; returns, 348, 430; Rhode Island command, 11. 1, 31; recruiting, 238, 348; visit to Congress, 12, 244; question of command (1778), West Point, New York dislike, 460, 466, 492, 497, 505, 14. 386; British advance, 12. 508, 518, 519, 523, 526–529, 18. 14, 38, 48, 151 n ; eastward march, 52, 151 n , 195, 196, 196 n ; winter command, Danbury, instructions, patrol, possible coast raid, 270, 289, 322–324, 339–343, 351, 435, 455, 476, 494, 495, 14. 86, 90, 210 n , 214, 230, 253, 295, 297, 319, 327, 397, 434, 439 n , 494, 495; Convention troops march, 13. 280 n , 289, 290; Dodge, 391 n ; clothing, 491–494, 14. 21, 22; mutiny, 20, 69; Long Island raid, 77; courts-martial by, 137, 232, 234, 467, 473, 15. 108, 348; new arrangement, 14. 137, 234, 320; Highlands defense (1779), 198, 249 n , 253, 254, 410, 433, 459; prize case, 214, 273; absence and future command (1779), 15. 72, 73; to main army, command, Clove, quarters, 137, 141, 174, 207, 265, 277, 278, 293, 294, 298 n , 301, 302, 309, 440; wing command, 436, 440; ranking board, 321 n , 16. 55; Washington dines with, 91; guard boats, 366, 366 n , 384, 475, 17. 42; proposed visit to camp, 19. 121; commended (1783), 26. 461, 462; complaint, pay and half-pay, 462.

Putnam, Capt . Israel [2], father's aide, 3. 354; and Church, 4. 91.

Putnam, Jesse,* selectman, 34. 252 n .

Putnam, Lieut. Col . ( Col., Gen .) Rufus,* Point Alderton, 3. 443; Rhode Island works, 4. 445, 452; service, 445 n ; New York defenses, 452; chief engineer, laying out encampment, 514; fatigue parties, 5. 82; supplies from prize, 86; Highland defenses, 69, 6. 275, 276, 300; tools, 5. 157; engineer and regimental position, takes line command, 348, 412, 423, 6. 405; pay, 5. 349; activity, 505; Harlem Heights defenses, 6. 79; huts, 103; plan for corps of engineers, 160; New Jersey works, Fort Lee, 172, 37. 527; report on fortifications, 5. 187; regiment, sent north, engineering work, 8. 38, 381, 385, 395; rank and rank of regiment, 11. 111, 243, 16. 33, 21. 70; regiment brigaded, 12. 216, 18. 190, 22. 231; officer court-martialed, 12.. 374; at Ticonderoga trials, 352, 526 n ; road survey, 13. 52, 16. 467; clothing, light-corps troops and command, 13. 215, 15. 461, 467, 17. 290, 291, 297, 298, 335; new arrangement, 14. 146; recruiting, 412; Verplancks Point operations, 15. 429, 434; at courts-martial, 16. 270, 316, 317, 22. 393, 420, 438, 442, 485, 500, 24. 478, 489, 25. 58, 493, 26. 149; leave, refused, 18. 183, 26. 113, officer of the day 19. 476, 22. 334, 23. 18, 25. 453, 478, 26. 343, 359, 400, 414, 425, 444, 453, 466, 469; detailed men, return, 20. 11, 48; at court of inquiry, 21. 46; sergeant messenger, 24. 292; and Heath's command, 360, 371; McDougall-Heath controversy, 25. 77; pardon of soldier, 142; question of retirement, brigade command, 385; Massachusetts line reform, 455, 456; brigadier general, 26. 35, 78; aide, 54; soldier claimed as slave, 90, 95; causeway, 235; ranking board, 235 n , 278; on peace establishment, 398 n ; 0076 557 defrauded of forage, 445; examination of invalids, 482; memorial on land bounty and settlement, letter, 27. 16, 16 n , 410, 411; Ohio Company, 29. 412; Northwest Territory, 31. 261; character and federal army command, 512; on method of Indian war, 32. 114, 126; Indian negotiations, 139, 341 n , 343; wintering frontier troops, 168; Washington's frontier lands, 34. 460, 36. 143. See also Massachusetts brigades; Massachusetts Fifth.

Putnams Point, Lake Champlain, Washington at, 27. 71 n .

Putney, Sergt . Jonathan, court-martial, 4. 89.

Pyncheon, Capt . Walter, graft, 15. 68; officer, 68 n .

Pynchon, Henry, position, 16. 25.

Pyne, —. See Pine.

Q

Quackenbas, Nicholas,* Fort Plain, 24. 391 n .

Quaile, John, escape, 19. 253; court-martial, 414, 415.

Quaker Bridge, N. J., Princeton advance, 6. 468 n .

Quaker Hill, N. Y. (?), hospital, 13. 84.

Quaker Hill, R. I. See Butts Hill.

Quakers, and voluntary militia, 1. 268 n ; colonial drafted men, disposal, 394, 420; con, scientious scruples, 7. 35, 79; militia law, 8. 44; impressment on, 9. 318, 10. 124, 404 n , 11. 114; order against Philadelphia movement, 114, 121; confined loyalists, supplies, release, 221, 223, 241; criticized for slavery interference, 28. 407, 408, 37. 573; fear of Philadelphia celebration mob, 30. 267; address, 416 n ; slave-trade petition, 31. 28 n , 30, 50 n , 52; speech to Cherokees, 479; Indian presents, 32. 407; in militia against Whiskey Insurrection,: 34. 18. See also Free Quakers.

Quales, Moses, arrears, 1. 425, 434; death, 426.

Quarantine, against yellow fever, 33. 113; state, federal aid, 35. 116–118.

Quarles, Capt . James, rank, 15. 244, 16. 168; service, 15. 244 n .

Quarries, Fairfax, 3. 17; Mount Vernon, 33. 184, 400, 427, 447, 502, 34. 59, 35. 251.

Quarter guard, 5. 462 n .

Quartermaster department, courts-martial in, 3. 311, 5. 419 n , 9. 99, 10. 169, 289, 359, 11. 141, 367, 487, 12. 242, 415, 416, 13. 183, 14. 264, 369, 423, 15. 68, 69, 108, 109, 365, 16. 479, 18. 98–100, 20. 25, 187, 252; needs, estimates, funds, accounts, troubles, 4. 183, 193, 199, 272, 5. 14, 6. 117, 7. 128, 10. 418, 11. 68, 12. 491, 14. 258, 264, 423, 19. 168 n , 20. 24, 25, 94. 256 n , 258 n ; court of inquiry, 4. 188; irregularities, graft, 254, 10. 211, 11. 267, 13. 478, 17. 227, 229, 230, 244, 245; returns, 4. 477, 9. 471, 11. 133, 18. 80, 120, 20. 82, 24. 466; encampment materials, 5. 5, 13; fatigue and artificer supplies, 165, 14. 85; Northern army supplies 5. 189, 292, 293, 409; sergeants' allowances, 238, 337; regimental, and sick supplies, 346; appointments, 6. 26, 37; and recruits' march, 404, 416; detachment supplies, 416; and cavalry, 7. 191; police, 451, 9. 298, 11. 75; intelligence expenses, 7. 482; and movements. 8. 144, 12.. 462, 463; line officers and control over officials, 8. 182, 186; stores, parks, guard, 10. 139, 11. 133, 15. 150, 282, 362, 18. 320, 21. 505, 24. 462; breakdown, 10. 194, 198, 460, 498, 11. 369, 371, 378, 413, 416, 18. 89, 93, 137; campaign plans and preparations, 10. 214, 388, 11. 155, 189; proposed contract system, 10. 387; necessary camp staff, 388; officers' private accounts, 503; state reforms, supplies, 11. 80, 18. 94; oaths, 11. 362; supplies from reoccupied Philadelphia, 12. 95; guides, 107; salvage compensation, 13. 50; departmental clothing and provisions, ration, returns and forms, 16. 439, 24. 184, 191, 25. 128 n , 481, 485, 487; specific supply system, character, deposits, 18. 138; reform systems, comments, troubles, 185 n , 186 n , 19. 5, 6, 169, 172, 259 n , 279, 280, 330, 361, 381, 21. 393, 394, 25. 477; auditor, 19. 168 n ; cattle receiver, 395 n ; 0077 558 validity of certificates, 20. 51, 54–56; check on waste, specific service of supplies, 21. 42; preemption of Yorktown goods, 23. 300; and draft on line, 455; pay, 24. 14; in South, 28, 35, 52; status, 354; final furloughs, 27. 184; federal uniform, 37. 52. See also next titles; Baggage; Commissary; Express; Forage; Fuel; Impressment; Magazines; Quarters; Staff; Tools; Transportation.

Quartermaster general,* need, 3. 324, 350; Massachusetts, 315 n ; Mifflin, 315 n , 419, 450, 455 n , 512; deputies, assistants, qualifications, 398 n , 427, 456, 515, 4. 62 n , 188 n , 465 n , 5. 38, 419 n , 6. 44 n , 423 n , 7. 16 n , 115, 117 n , 168 n , 208 n , 8. 137, 138, 144 n , 145, 145 n , 178, 179, 181, 252 n , 328, 337, 402 n , 10. 463 n , 11. 25 n , 102, 140, 200, 336, 340, 385 n , 407, 427 n , 459, 12. 18 n , 20 n , 204 n , 219, 256 n , 298 n , 372, 411 n , 13. 3, 23 n , 50 n , 87 n , 221 n , 304 n , 402 n , 478 n , 14. 19 n , 25 n , 51 n , 127 n , 137, 156, 258 n , 503, 15. 68 n , 150 n , 159 n , 215 n , 282 n , 351 n , 16. 31 n , 108 n , 109 n , 288, 356 n , 377, 420, 456 n , 472 n , 478 n , 479, 484 n , 17. 43 n , 124 n , 437 n , 449 n , 502 n , 18. 98, 167 n , 266 n , 283 n , 345 n , 379 n , 423 n , 477, 19. 33 n , 401 n , 20. 88 n , 143 n , 144 n , 187, 249 n , 253, 21. 77 n , 329 n , 385, 424 n , 498 n , 502, 22. 37, 194 n , 287, 23. 3 n , 54 n , 111 n , 25. 93, 27. 66, 105, 238 n ; pay, 4. 198; Moylan, 5. 105; need of filling office, 10. 82, 184, 214, 243, 388; qualities, duties, 387; restrictions on deputies, 387; Greene, 388 n , 11. 2, 68, 111, 127, 140; equipment funds, 10. 486; inquiry into Mifflin's conduct, 12. 64, 14. 66, 153; general orders on Pickering's appointment, 20. 102; on Greene's services, 102; barge, 25. 132; of provisional army, appointment, rank. 36. 309, 331, 340, 356, 356 n , 357, 375, 380, 387, 402, 434, 37, 43, 57, 231; Kalb and Revolutionary, importance, 545. See also adjoining titles; Greene, Nathanael; Hughes, Hugh; Mifflin, Thomas; Moylan, Stephen; Pickering, Timothy.

Quartermasters, colonial: duties, 1. 278; embezzlement, 2. 141, 144, 146; appointment, 142, 153;—Revolutionary: pay, 5. 50, 8. 273, 12. 325, 15. 420, 21. 204, 212; and provisions, 8. 142; regimental and dragoon, 273; on march, 9. 80, 126; axmen, 286; brigade returns, 11. 12; paper, 260; duties. 341; regulations on appointments, 12. 33, 35, 16. 91; appointments, 12. 360, 13. 4, 171, 246, 252, 14. 311, 367, 16. 65, 134, 271, 416, 18. 378, 19. 190, 304, 364, 424, 20. 334, 23. 6, 39, 25. 48, 136, 226, 26. 24, 446, 451; line rank, 13. 420; of division, 455; monthly returns at inspection, 15. 357; for light corps, 378; clothing issue, 459; uniform accounts, 16. 45; special accounts of brigade, 20. 64; brigade appointment, 23. 136; burying carcasses, 275; brigade, and military stores, 25. 32, 72, 189; brigade, of the day, 135, 26. 209–211; paymaster duties, 25. 237, 247. See also preceding titles.

Quarters, colonial: at inns, 1. 187; at Winchester, 365, 366, 440, 472; regulations, 467, 470, 504;—siege of Boston, 3. 323, 4. 18; officers, 151; forcible, 188; preparations in New York City, 429; artillery, 5. 38; estimate of damages, 43; crowded, 263; after Long Island, 500; Kings Bridge, 6. 12, 51; after evacuation of city, 70; after retreat across the Delaware, 343; at Ticonderoga, 8. 62, 66, 87, 88; subordinate and superior's, 12. 172; Convention troops in Virginia, 14. 57; general officers, listing. 23. 171; troops on line duty, 26. 170, 171. See also Barracks; Blankets; Camp; Headquarters; Houses; Huts; Straw; Tents; Winter quarters.

Quebec, British capture, 2. 345 n ; failure before, siege raised, 4. 254, 256, 263, 270, 281, 299, 315, 5. 64, 65, 76, 78, 79; British troops for, 16. 332; merchant fleet captured, 19. 388–391, 20. 21, 24, 35; prisoners of war. 19. 473–476; later plans against, 24. 109. See also Canadian expedition.

Quebec Act, provisions, 3. 87 n ; Virginia opposition, 88 n ; Washington's query, 242; Arnold expedition as answer, 4. 27.

Queen Annes County, Md., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Queen Charlotte , tender, 23. 126, 126 n ; capture and sale, 250 n .

Queen of France , U. S. S., prizes, 14. 443, 16. 260; to South, 242 n , 408, 413.

Queens County, N. Y., removal of loyalists, 5. 415, 420; militia call, 417.

Queens County Committee of Safety.* property of loyalists, 5. 415.

Queens Rangers, Brandywine, 9. 241; officers, 13. 165 n , 19. 250 n ; to South, 16. 333, 17. 334, 18. 299, 21. 48, 51, 52; Staten Island, 17. 380; Yorktown prisoners of war, 23. 263 n .

Querry, Richard, court-martial, capital penalty, 7. 353.

Quesada, Gov . Juan Nepomuceno de, fugitive slaves and debtors, 31. 288–290.

Quibbletown, N. J., removal of supplies, 7. 97; headquarters, orders and letters from, 8. 296–302; winter quarters, post, 17. 210, 286; route by, 23. 60.

Quibbletown Gap, alarm signal, 14. 284, 285 n .

Quick, Col . Abraham, conduct of militia, 7. 16; services, 16 n .

Quin, James, killed, 10. 298.

Quincy, Josiah,* military plan, 4. 63; congratulations, 421; after evacuation of Boston, 422, 521; illness, 423.

Quinn, —, British deserter, 22. 292 n .

Quinn, Daniel, Pennsylvania soldier, 20. 348.

Quinn, John, court-martial, 5. 95.

Quinn, Lieut . Samuel, patrol, 11. 89; services, 89 n .

Quintard, Lieut . James, exchange, 25. 147.

Quintons Bridge, N. J., 11. 256 n .

Quitrents, Washington's payments, 2. 390, facing 436; Pennsylvania, 3. 30.

R

Raccoon Creek, Pa., Washington's land, squatters, 22. 195, 37. 555. See also Pennsylvania (Washington's western lands).

Rack, Edmund, farmer for Mount Vernon, 28. 513.

Radière, Lewis de la. See La Radière.

Radnor, William Pleydell-Bouverie, earl of,* compliments, 35. 493.

Radnor, Pa., advanced post, 12. 46.

Rafts. See Boats.

Rag roll, 10. 115.

Ragsdale, Drury, office, 31. 239 n ; as military officer, 36. 359.

Rahway, N. J., militia, 8. 164; winter post, 17. 257.

Rahway Neck, N. J., intercourse with enemy, 13. 444.

Raids, British, on coast towns (1775), warnings, 3. 328, 333, 366, 369, 385, 422, 424, 426, 445, 465–467, 470, 477, 486, 503 n , 4. 12, 14, 16, 17, 25, 28. 29, 40–42, 46, 69–71, 133, 162, 168 n , 169, 182, 37. 514; defense and hostages against, 3. 380, 396, 426, 466, 503–505, 4. 69–71, 75, 8. 27, 43; line troops and militia and coast defense, 4. 176, 177, 15. 26, 73–75, 78, 83, 97, 109, 143, 146, 409, 415, 473, 496–498, 16. 74, 221; and sea power, 8. 42; partisan corps, 10. 192; method of foraging, 211; British, from Philadelphia, protection, 11. 6, 106, 109–111, 120, 135, 148–150, 171, 241, 256, 266, 308, 358, 359, 388, 434, 435, 12. 49; British, against frigates in Delaware River, 11. 378, 380, 383; British, on Britsol, R. I., 12. 44; possible coast (1778), 51, 350, 379; (1779), 14. 230, 295, 297, 302, 306, 308, 320, 327, 339, 17. 197; (1780), 19. 383, 391, 416–419, 422, 444, 445, 20. 495, 496, 506, 37. 552; (1781), 22`. 81, 211, 212, 241; New Bedford 12. 416, 432, 437; Marthas Vineyard, 471; foraging out of New York City, possible wider purpose, 493, 494 n , 497, 504, 505, 508, 510, 512–516, 518–530, 13. 1–8, 11–18, 24, 25, 32, 38, 39, 47, 85, 91, 92, 94, 125, 127; policy, 133, 184, 200, 243, 14. 306, 314, 15. 143, 152, 426; Little Egg Harbor, 13. 168; New York northern frontier, 317, 20. 193, 195, 216, 230, 232, 295, 303–306, 312, 322, 353; up the Hudson (1778), 13. 363–372, 378, 379, 382; expected British 0079 560 winter, 379; British threat from Staten Island, 14. 119, 122–125, 125 n , 129; Elizabethtown, 153, 168, 173 n , 186, 220, 240, 17. 449, 455–457, 471, 497; Connecticut (1779), 14. 207, 210, 214, 240, 15. 379, 382, 383, 389–396, 400, 402, 405–409, 415–420, 426, 473, 16. 16, 59, 269, 374; casualties, 14. 173 n , 210 n ; protection of stores and goods in transit, 236, 15. 150; offset in case, 14. 253, 254; New Jersey (1779), 443 n , 456, 457, 459, 461, 462, 465, 487, 15. 94, 17. 32–38, 40, 41, 112; (1780), 18. 271, 364, 365, 474; Chesapeake Bay, 15. 146–152, 159, 160, 215, 219, 224 n , 262, 292, 369; American foraging in Neutral Ground, 16. 136, 162, 163, 231; on British forage magazines, 20. 335, 416, 417, 420; American, on Morrisania, 21. 68, 69, 115, 139, 152, 160, 166, 172, 238; Arnold's, on Richmond, 152, 161. See also Alarm; Danbury; Foraging; Frontier; Indians; Knyphausen; Long Island, Patrol; Peekskill.

Rails. See Fences.

Rainbow , H. M. S, 15. 91, 17. 62, 18. 226, 19. 180 n .

Raines, Lieut . Giles, court-martial, 9. 404; resigns, 404 n .

Raisins, orders, 2. 331, 3. 91, 36. 175.

Raisonable , H. M. S., 15. 91, 16. 38, 414, 17. 231, 19. 180 n .

Rake. mechanical, 37. 196, 220.

Rakestraw, Joseph,* Washington's affairs, 27. 429; vane for Mount Vernon, 29. 250, 258.

Raleigh , U. S. S., capture, 13. 75; becomes H. M. S., 75 n .

Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, meeting of burgesses, 3. 216 n , 223.

Rall, Col . Johan Gottlieb, Fort Washington, 6. 286 n ; Trenton, death, 443, 501.

Ralston, Lieut. Col . ( Adj .) Robert,* Delaware River defense, 9. 443; service, 443 n ; court-martial, cashiered, 10. 169.

Ramapo, N. J., headquarters, orders and letters from, expense, 8. 456–465, 467, 470–473, 475, 17. 95, 209 n , 19. 73–109, 23. 49; court-martial at, 16. 400; location, 19. 76 n .

Ramapo Bridge, 20. 274.

Ramnitz, Dr . John Frederick,* yellow fever medicine, 37. 153–155, 355.

Ramsay, Andrew,* Mount Vernon, 37. 135 n .

Ramsay, Ann (McCarty), 2. 499 n .

Ramsay, David,* South Carolina , 2. 345; Congress, committee, 24. 321 n ; South Carolina affairs, letter to, 25. 109; work, gift, 28. 403, 31. 47 n ; president of state Senate, 35. 374 n .

Ramsay, Dennis, 2. 499 n .

Ramsay, William [1],* Washington's candidacy, 1. 130; militia detachment, 345; commissary provisions contract, 509, 510, 2. 233, 261; on Forbes route, letters, 263 n , 283 n ; education of son, 499; sketch, 499 n ; account, 3. 103; Fairfax letter, 237; Fairfax County committee, 4. 167 n , obstructing the Potomac, 200, 201; Mercer affairs, 18. 246; Yorktown address, 23. 355; Potomac Company, 28. 341 n ; Mount Vernon, 37. 135 n .

Ramsay, Dr . William [2], Washington and education, 2. 499.

Ramsey, Col . Nathaniel,* battalion, 7. 334, 335; service, 334 n ; Sullivan, 10. 311; parole, exchange, cartel plan, 17. 352–354, 409–411, 476, 501, 18. 54, 324, 325, 328, 19. 69, 160, 161, 436, 20. 69, 135, 220, 363; return to service, 363; marshalship, 30. 470; animals for Washington, 35. 468, 472, 36. 5–7; as military officer, 334. See also Maryland First.

Rancocas Creek, N. J., securing boats, 6. 344; British route, 11. 445.

Rand, Dr . Isaac, surgeon, hospital, 3. 311, 4. 161.

Randall, Emilius O., on Washington's Miami land, 36. 378 n .

Randall, Henry, court-martial, 7. 483.

Randall, John, state clothier, court-martial, 18. 141, 269.

Randall, Paul R., office, 30. 413.

Randall, Capt . Thomas,* artillery company, 10. 279, 397; Washington's barge, 30. 291 n , 308, 31. 107; lighthouse, 30. 381; office, 413.

Randalls Island. See Montresor Island.

Randell, Lieut . Thomas. See Ransdell.

Randolph, —, Riedesel, 17. 13.

Randolph, —, of Philadelphia, Mrs. Washington at house, 8. 11; bears letter, 46.

Randolph, Capt . Archibald Cary, appointment, 37. 178, 182, 191, 202.

Randolph, Betty (Nicholas),* claim, 23. 265.

Randolph, Lieut. Gov . ( Gov .) Beverley,* Potomac Company, 28. 15; Indian affairs, commissioner, 30. 326, 327, 355, 31. 22, 32. 313 n , 406, 34. 167; woolen manufacture, 30. 462, 31. 193, 194; detained letters, 30. 477, 478; Jefferson's appointment, 1; lighthouse, 4, 5; western news, 49 n ; federal account with Virginia, 94, 95; Virginia frontier, 282.

Randolph, Cornet Charles, promotion, 8. 265.

Randolph, Daniel, Huddy case, 24. 136 n , 145 n .

Randolph, David, horse for Washington, 36. 390.

Randolph, Capt . David Meade, Detroit expedition, 22. 185; bears letter, 194; service, 194 n .

Randolph, Gov . ( Sec .) Edmund,* Washington papers, 1. xlv; on Washington and thanks of burgesses, 2. 318 n ; on Virginia Convention, 3. 277 n ; Washington's aide, 425, 447, 450; departure, 4. 58, 76, 104; clerk of House of Delegates, 13. 422 n : news from Congress, 16. 28, 29; Mercer affairs, letter, 20. 317, 25. 470–474, 34. 38, 50, 37. 562–565; Congress, committees, 23. 229 n , 299 n , 369; wife, 265 n ; Lafayette portrait, 435 n ; Savage estate, 26. 99, 27. 422; on final circular to states, letter, 26. 491 n ; Colvill estate, 27. 211, 309, 325; Washington's lands, 361–363, 442, 32. 411, 440, 34. 173; Charles Lee's will, 27. 363; Virginia-Maryland corn, mission, 375 n ; Washington's legal affairs, 28. 110, 220, 480, 30. 40; James Company, 28. 215, 219, 264, 266, 307; Annapolis Convention, 422 n ; illness, 480; Mount Vernon, 29. 24 n ; governor, congratulations, 77; Anstey, 109 n ; Federal Convention, Washington's attendance, letter, 119 n ; ratification, 286, 289, 350, 357, 373, 477, 512–514; Byrd land lottery, 30. 397; attorney general, 414, 418, 419, 472; Wythe and judgeship, letter, 472–474, 474 n ; delayed mail, 477, 478; status of bill of exchange, 31. 5, 6; judiciary law, execution, change, 9, 484; leave, 11 n , 90, 101; Indian affairs, 90, 128, 386, 32. 124, 327 n , 341, 342, 348, 356, 380; board on public debt, 31. 104 n ; Swain case, 124 n ; constitutionality of bank, 216; Bland claim, 247; federal district affairs, 264, 280, 281, 283, 459, 470, 478 n , 487, 32. 379, 34. 244, 247, 261, 262, 35. 69; bereavements, 31. 478 n , 33. 471; Dumas,: 31. 478 n ; on papers to Congress, 32. 15 n ; mint site, 57; on second term, letter, 135 n ; political opposition, 136, 137; on Virginia political attitude, 142; early excise disorders, proclamation, letter, 144, 150, 171, 174, 236, 33. 305 n ; on militia as rangers, 32. 152; sinking fund, 314 n ; French debt, 336, 33. 350; draft written by, 32. 361 n ; presidential duties, 382, 33. 385, 401, 34. 131, 141; revenue fraud, 32. 387 n ; interposition in Bingham's suit, 404; neutrality, opinion, proclamation, enforcement, 419 n , 421 n , 431 n , 455 n , 37. 575; Genêt's conduct, 33. 28, 34; privateers, prizes, 35 n , 90, 415, 421 n , on special session of Congress, 36 n ; Genêt's recall, 58 n ; Philadelphia during epidemic, 108; temporary presidential mansion, 108, 135; emergent meeting place of Congress, 108, 117, 125, 135; Cabinet at Germantown, 113; with president before Congress, 163 n , 34. 28 n ; Barbary Powers, 33. 185; secretary of state, 216, 231 n , 0081 562 357; Lafayette's imprisonment, 243 n ; on confidential message, letter, 282 n ; embargo, 306 n , 307, 308, 312; Monroe and Hamilton's mission, letter, 320 n ; Democratic societies, letter, 321, 322 n ; Jay's mission, 329, 330; reply to French Committee of Safety, 339, 340; on use of appropriation, letter, 342 n ; neutral trade and rights, letter, 346, 347, 347 n ; Jay and commercial negotiations, letter, 355 n ; Adams's mission, 410; Hammond correspondence, letter, 412, 412 n ; Harvey, 412; French affairs, 419; duplication of dispatches, 419; Whiskey Insurrection, 462, 462 n , 472; Jaudenes, 471; annual address, 522, 527, 34. 2–4; on Mifflin's conduct, 3 n ; Potomac Company, 56; national university, 59, 60; Dutch affairs, loan, letter, 110 n , 184, 191; Ceracchi's proposed monument, 136 n ; offices, 167, 169; patronage, 168, 169; Jay Treaty, Adet, letters, 225 n , 241, 244–247, 245 n , 246 n , 250, 250 n , 251, 254–258, 264, 265 n , 404; reply to addresses on treaty, 243, 253 n , 254 n ; memorial to Hammond on treaty, letter, 255 n , 267; on need of president's presence, letter, 265 n ; Rowan incident, letter, 247, 247 n ; Fauchet affair, resignation, vindication, 275–277, 282, 316, 317, 321, 322, 339–348, 404, 404 n ; appointment of Monroe, 36. 195; education of son, 37. 572; slaves in Pennsylvania, 573. See also Cabinet.

Randolph, Mrs . Edmund, illness, 31. 101.

Randolph, Lieut . Edward Fitz, bears letter, 12. 283; service, 283 n .

Randolph, Harrison, warrants, 29. 470 n .

Randolph, Atty. Gen . John, spurious letters, 5. 127 n , 10. 465 n ; departs, 37. 517; Mercer affairs, 562.

Randolph, John, of Virginia, regiment, 12. 92.

Randolph, John, of Maryland, state clothier, court-martial, 14. 141, 269; office, 33. 89.

Randolph. Lucy,* correspondence by flag, 26. 157.

Randolph, Peter, Indian mission, 1. 237, 247; drum, 461.

Randolph, Peyton, land-grant fee controversy, 1. 94 n ; frontier posts, 382, 387 n ; and shipment to Washington, 2. 171; measures (1774), 3. 216 n ; Mercer affairs, 284; death, Washington on, 4. 58, 76; land lottery, 27. 442, 30. 398, 35. 107.

Randolph, Peyton, son of Edmund, health, 33. 125, 135.

Randolph, Richard, land lottery, 27. 442, 35. 107; employee for Mount Vernon, 27. 448.

Randolph, Lieut . Robert. cavalry guard for commander in chief, 7. 494 n ; temporary parole, 18. 201. 222.

Randolph , merchant ship, 2. 329.

Randolph , U. S. S., exploit, 9. 305.

Randolph County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 237.

Randolph County, W. Va. (Va.), excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Randolph's Vindication, material from, 34. 277 n .

Ranger , merchant ships, 2. 372, 28. 297 n .

Ranger , U. S. S., prizes, 14. 443, 16. 260; to South, 242 n , 408, 413.

Rangers, colonial: and Indian raids, scouting, 1. 193, 200, 201, 209; recruiting, necessity, 195, 204, 205, 226, 2. 139, 140, 150; in South, 1. 206, 420; as escort, 221; pay, 221, 247, 248, 420, 498; provisions, 224, 282; posts, 226, 227, 439; ammunition, 231; clothing, 263, 265, 297; camp irregularities, 264; Shawnee expedition, 286 n ; enlistment in Virginia Regiment, 398, 437, 453, 459, 462; incorporation into regiment, 422; inefficiency, conduct of officers, 470, 475, 495, 502; discharged, 485; status, new, 522, 2. 55, 61, 93, 167 n ; command, 152, 192; location, 184, 194, 209, 212, 223, 224; pay roll, 214, 219; supplies, 222; convoy, 284—Revolutionary: use, 6. 3; Knowlton's, 68; passes, 120; command, Morgan, 146, 8. 131; insignia, 6. 179; recruiting, 7. 6, 7, 14; size of company, 14; harassing British, 16; officers, 210; 0082 563 loyalists, 256; Wyoming, 484; as light infantry, 8. 236; Indian dress and whoops. 236; rifles, 246; instructions, facing 422; for frontier, McKeen's, 12. 371; New Hampshire corps absorbed, 21. 43. See also Ashby, John; Cocke, William; Patterson Creek; Riflemen.

Rank, colonial military: provincial-regular controversies, 1. 74, 81–83, 105 n , 29, 41, 46; Washington's resignation on reduction, 102 n , 104–107; royal orders for Braddock expedition, 109 n ; regular commission for provincials, 160 n , 161 n , 235, 237, 289, 387 n , 534; Dagworthy case, Fort Cumberland, 249, 261, 262, 289–291, 293–296, 297 n , 317, 532; in Virginia Regiment, 2. 56; Pitt and provincial officers, 209 n ; of governors, 273;—Revolutionary: first and later contentions over general officers, 3. 325, 326, 349, 373, 390, 397, 5. 223, 257, 296, 357, 380, 6. 140, 408, 7. 239, 290. 10. 185, 208, 211, 246, 324–326, 449, 490, 491, 11. 1, 19, 21, 88, 173, 233, 239, 15. 125, 197, 17. 8–10, 18. 94, 19. 112, 138, 21. 87, 22. 164; Washington's appeal to remain in service, 3. 358–361; early adjustment by military court, 402, 435, 508, 515, 518; Canadian expedition, riflemen, 485, 494, 4. 3, 12; remonstrance, 3. 519; new establishment (1775–76), reductions, troubles, 4, 8 n , 9, 36, 37, 43–45, 55, 59, 73, 77, 82, 86, 94, 99, 100, 109, 126, 146, 149, 153, 164, 185, 189, 190, 195, 228, 232, 241, 288, 461, 6. 154, 155, 156 n , 181, 183, 186–190, 200, 201, 213, 274–278, 298, 382, 420, 429, 432, 433, 479, 483, 485, 491, 493–495, 499; aides, secretaries, 4. 287, 5. 165, 17. 402, 403, 21. 406, 22. 2 n , 164, 26. 476; colonels and regiments, 4. 382, 5. 427–429; line and regimental, field officers, 4. 382, 5. 350, 351, 380, 427–429, 10. 210, 11. 76, 111, 243, 464, 477, 488, 22. 485, 23. 15, 16, 25, 89, 257, 259, 264, 26. 312, 313 n , 338; staff and line, 5. 296, 8. 364, 11. 18, 163, 234, 243, 12. 33, 13. 420, 14. 445, 15. 81; assuming, 5. 424, 437, 11. 375; militia, and line, 6. 428, 7. 93, 19. 225, 31. 125; regimental disputes, 7. 145, 320, 391, 405, 420, 9. 59; new arrangement after 1776, troubles, state disputes, boards, decisions, 7. 153, 157, 162, 209, 244, 326, 327, 346, 384, 389, 393, 397, 479, 8. 12, 36, 71, 93, 156, 164, 176, 422, 435, 487, 9. 65, 90, 461, 10. 34, 87, 106, 186, 462, 476, 485, 11, 21, 197, 464, 477, 488, 12. 312, 333, 334, 362, 363, 370, 374, 388, 409, 13. 26, 27, 46, 77, 101, 102, 259, 348, 394, 418–421, 456, 488, 491 n , 14. 72–74, 90 n , 132, 135, 137–139, 139 n , 143–146, 154–156, 174, 190, 191, 202, 215, 234, 235 n , 239, 264, 293, 310, 311, 320, 322, 323 n , 325, 331, 333, 334, 346–350, 358, 360, 362, 363, 388, 392–395, 414, 431, 439, 442, 475, 476, 488 n , 15. 34, 35 n , 75, 103, 111–113, 116, 128, 146, 161, 162, 170, 177, 182, 184, 185, 204, 221, 222, 248, 253, 272, 277, 305, 306, 317, 319, 321, 381, 455, 460, 466, 467, 472, 472 n , 480, 16. 1, 2, 19, 20, 33, 35, 40, 47, 52, 84, 168, 180–183, 238, 252, 253, 259, 261, 305–308, 332, 354, 379–381, 447, 448, 460, 481, 496, 497, 17. 15, 26, 63, 139, 148, 155, 162, 173, 223, 224, 263, 264, 275, 280, 18. 17, 67, 69, 128, 133 n , 331, 332, 473, 19. 97, 201, 486, 20. 170, 171, 183–185, 21. 69, 70, 96, 24. 59, 125, 217, 247, 253, 333, 25. 99, 26. 235 n , 278; foreign volunteers, precedence controversy, 7. 170, 8. 148, 149, 159, 160 n , 187–190, 194, 387, 9. 388, 497, 498, 10. 227, 445, 11. 16–18, 20, 134, 145, 477, 12. 10, 45, 376, 26. 75, 163, 170; captain commandant as prudent rank, 7. 201; Arnold, 234, 235, 251, 252, 352, 8. 16, 47, 427, 9. 35 n ; punctilio, 8. 11; Adams on squabbles, 47 n ; resignations over, rejection, 94 n , 9. 288, 16. 111, 252 n , 30. 31; cavalry, controversy, and infantry, 8. 303, 9. 29, 68, 69, 81, 10. 36, 87, 94, 11. 6, 12. 153, 275, 290, 17. 355, 402, 24. 439; date of appointment, 8. 420; staff, irregularities, 442, 10. 116, 377379, 24. 480, 481; problems due to state actions, 9. 95; wagonmasters, 122, 10. 390; further arrangement advised, 144 n ; proposed lieutenant generals, 373, 12. 61; time basis, 11. 26; inadvertent loss, 92, 245, 384; cornet, 339; and allegiance oath, 410, 411 n ; artillery, adjustment, 12. 10, 45, 71, 320, 321, 414, 418, 420, 429, 458, 459, 13. 77, 14. 192, 193, 294, 330, 15. 50, 80, 89, 95, 96, 170, 236, 381, 496, 17. 485, 18. 31, 196, 273, 277–279, 481, 24. 70; supernumeraries, lower grade retention, 12. 33, 16. 7, 180, 183, 23. 32 n , 24. 392, 394, 445; abolition of grade of colonel, 12. 34; staff civilians, 34; proposed general adjustment (1778), complications due to delay, 72, 163, 274, 303, 413; prisoners of war, problem in exchange, paroled officers, interservice, 73, 399, 14. 234, 480, 21. 36, 22. 22, 156, 24. 394; question of restoration, 0083 564 12. 306–308, 315, 316; engineers, sappers and miners, 335, 22. 165; problem of unemployed heroes, 12. 347; and authority, 392; Additional regiments, consolidation, state line absorption, 14. 139, 176, 180, 181, 209, 250, 259, 261, 263, 322, 333, 348, 349, 354, 356, 356 n , 364, 390, 401, 426, 479, 483, 15. 126, 254, 296, 459–461, 16. 65, 315, 335, 357, 17. 173, 19. 123, 125, 20. 197; finality, further disputes deprecated, 14. 174, 209, 21. 275; filling vacancies, 14. 215; irregular placement, deprecated, Hamilton, 308, 22. 2, 3, 24. 62, 70; disputes and disobedience to orders, 14. 376; decisions and dropping officers, 15. 1; state regiments, 45, 107, 244, 21. 25, 85; Pulaski's legion, 309; Washington's trials, 321; copies of new arrangement to states, 16. 186; in joint foot-horse operations, 190–194, 196; new commissions, delay, 17. 15, 26, 63; difficulties, inaccuracies, 223, 275; artificers, 336, 18. 1, 19. 60; Canadian regiments and commanders, 55, 61, 74–76, 25. 409; and command and power of arrest, 19. 153; and appointments to light corps, 353–358, 20. 1 n ; basis, general or state, 21. 36, 41; returns on rearrangement, 38, 39; equivalent of naval captain, 73; captain-lieutenant, 146; subalterns, 213, 23. 49, 24. 392, 394, 424, 425, 445, 25. 65, 326, 348; transfer, 21. 282; denounced officers, 317; lieutenant-colonel commandant, 409, 22. 165, 25. 89; and position, 21. 420; regulation of applications, 482; alternations in detached commands, 23. 224, 225; command and subordination, 24. 402, 403 n ; frontier dispute, 418;—St. Clair expedition, 31. 335; provisional army: relative regimental, 37. 58, 189, 201, 235, 239, 361–363; field officers, 202; regulations, 273. See also Brevets; Insignia; Officers; Promotion.

Rankin, James, loyalist, 20. 288 n .

Rankin, John, loyalist, 20. 288 n .

Rankin, Col . William, intelligence, 10. 142, 182.

Rankins. See Renkins.

Rannals, Thomas, court-martial, 9. 100.

Ransdell, Lieut . Thomas, court-martial, 4. 35; ferment, 19. 199; service, 199 n .

Ransom, Capt . Samuel, rangers, 7. 484; service, 484 n , 12. 109 n , 21. 32 n ; court-martial, 8. 23; frontier defense, Wyoming, 12. 109, 21. 32.

Ransom. See Barbary Powers.

Rape, culture, seed, 35. 356.

Rappahannock River, Mary Washington's farm and proposed ferry, 1. 13; port, 2. 348, 360, 379; Washington's land near, 12. 63; passage in Yorktown march, 23. 111; as route, 28. 334, 337.

Raritan, N. J.,* troops at, 7. 285; headquarters, 13. 385 n ; church address, 15. 210.

Raritan River, cannon recovered, 9. 117.

Ratification, Washington's advocacy, hope, progress, 29. 261, 287–289, 302, 309–312, 327, 332, 345, 349, 352, 359, 365, 372, 375, 377, 386, 389, 399, 400, 406, 411, 425, 435, 475, 477, 485, 507, 511, 30. 10, 11, 14, 19, 21–24, 73, 79, 224; Virginia contest, Henry, convention, 29. 278 n , 285–292, 302, 304, 308–310, 323, 327, 331, 333, 334, 350, 357, 372, 377, 396, 399–401, 403, 426–428, 431–433, 435, 441, 442, 449–454, 459, 463, 467, 472, 477, 488, 490, 499–502, 510–514, 516–519, 525, 30. 5, 9, 11, 21, 37. 569, 570; action of Congress, 29. 285; second convention or conditional amendment opposed, 289, 323, 340, 357, 411, 465, 466, 478; Wilson's speech, 290; publications, 287, 290, 301, 302, 310, 334, 375, 466, 468; New York contest, Clinton and Hamilton, 290, 291, 512, 519, 525, 30. 10, 12, 15, 34; Maryland, 29. 302, 305, 463, 471, 472, 480, 488, 491, 510, 30. 77–79; Federalist , 29. 308, 324, 331, 401, 404, 407, 30. 66; Pennsylvania, continued opposition, 29. 322, 454, 458, 466, 30, 41, 42; necessity, or anarchy, 29. 339, 358, 411, 454; publicity of Washington's opinion, misuse, 373, 380, 387, 390, 396, 403, 30. 77–79; Massachusetts, amendments, result, 29. 396, 397, 399, 400, 402, 413, 426–428, 430, 433, 434, 442, 478; New Hampshire, evil of postponement, 449, 451–453, 463, 471, 510, 519, 525, 30. 9, 19, and Mississippi River navigation, 29. 450, 452, 518; character of opposition, 466, 0084 565 510; North Carolina, 501, 30. 10, 12, 35, 52, 118, 347 n , 442, 485, 488, 488 n , 491, 37. 569, 570; South Carolina, 29. 510, 517, 30. 9; Alexandria's celebration, 9, 12, 37. 569; Rhode Island, 30. 10, 12, 21, 32, 35, 403 n , 442, 485, 504, 31. 4, 45, 48, 55, 66, 67, 37. 569, 570; publicity, 30. 16; Philadelphia celebration, 20; spirit of contest, 34, 41, 42, 78; attitude after, 41, 62, 87, 331; Connecticut, 190; Washington on completion, 31. 48, 56, 66. See also Amendments; Organization.

Ration, French war matters, 1. 256, 257, 22. 33, 111, 228, 307; constituent, changes, 3. 395, 409, 4. 58, 85, 180, 5. 320, 9. 205, 476, 10. 32, 38, 433, 442, 11. 265, 12, 125, 282, 287, 361, 13. 174, 14. 283, 396, 15. 335, 17. 92, 102, 103, 19. 464, 23. 14 n , 140, 171, 301, 26. 247, 32. 362, 37. 54–56; officers' allowances and lieu, 3. 502, 509, 510, 5. 23, 472, 9. 38 n , 101, 10. 259, 421, 12. 34, 64, 69, 299, 325, 332, 13. 324, 14. 30, 109, 15. 352, 422, 16. 185 n , 203, 214, 389, 391, 17. 12, 79, 160, 258, 334, 19. 503, 20. 251, 253, 263, 453, 21. 212, 369, 392, 22. 39, 23. 469, 24. 6, 8, 59, 189, 192, 256, 302, 25. 50, 57, 416, 442, 478, 489, 696, 26. 6, 24, 75, 29, 110, 128, 243, 269, 27. 129; consideration, 4. 8, 8 n ; mistake, 157; receipts, 189; value, cost, 191, 193, 5. 191, 9. 74, 98; discharged men, 4. 193; furlough, 276, 13. 324, 14. 109, 27, 129; militia, traveling allowance in lieu, 4. 435, 16. 389, 391; sick, substitute, 5. 345, 346, 6. 185, 240 n , 8. 267; returns, systematizing, 6. 240 n , 22. 439, 26. 12; horse, 7. 98, 324; recruiting, 257, 258, 37. 41; independent corps, 8. 362; excessive number and disproportion, 9. 442; payment, arrears, accounts, 10. 144 n , 495, 15. 117, 260, 26. 221, 233; cavalry, 10. 247 n ; commutation, 259, 421, 21. 467, 26. 49; definition, 10. 394; graft, 12. 8, 16. 89, 19. 62; liquor, 12. 391 n , 18. 15, 24. 59, 252, 260–262; artificers, arsenal, waterguard, 12. 422, 15. 476, 482, 16. 320, 19. 144, 22. 489, 24. 60, 229, 233; regulations, warrants, 16. 182, 20. 401, 24. 160, 161; rank and file lieu, 16. 204; women and families, 489, 21. 2, 26. 12, 20, 78–80, 199; particular family, 17. 319; by rank, not command, 335; order, 404; changes forbidden, 19. 464; nonactive and absent officers, 20. 253, 263, 26. 110; Canadian refugees, 20. 276, 24. 477, 26. 140, 147, 177, 203; regular drawing by officers, 20. 453; staff, in pay, 21. 203, 204, 24. 101, 485, 25. 443, 475, 476; British, prisoners of war, retaliation, 21. 243, 244; officer's extra, as gratuity, 369, 22. 39; general officer's, on travel, 21. 392; check on irregular issues, 22. 199, 202; contract matters, 244–247, 23. 14 n , 24. 190, 281, 282, 290 n , 291, 321, 324, 366, 388, 394, 459, 464, 465, 25. 477; issue restrictions, 23. 14 n ; emergent, 140, 171; before Yorktown, 223; number, 24. 343; officer's, pending settlement of affairs, 25. 57, 495; details, 219, 26. 209; officers on frontier, 89; regularity ha meals, 112; Rhode Island Regiment, 199; liquidation of depreciation in subsistence, 269; peace establishment, 385; proposed increase of federal, 32. 362; basis for federal supply, 37. 22, 41. See also Cooking; Provisions.

Rattlesnakes, Virginia, 1. 13

Rauthe, Philip, complaint, 21. 388 n .

Raven , H. M. S., 6. 504. See also Rover .

Raven Warrior, chief, 2. 199, 201.

Ravensworth, Fitzhugh's estate, Mount Vernon ferry, 30. 159, 36. 279.

Rawdon-Hastings, Francis. See Hastings.

Rawdons Corps, to South, 16. 333, 17. 56, 61, 64, 334, 18. 195, 197, 226, 264.

Rawle, William,* excise disturbances, 32. 386.

Rawlings, Capt . ( Lieut. Col., Col .) Moses,* riflemen, 5. 216; Fort Washington, 6. 244, 293, 12. 347; service, 6. 293 n ; regiment in New Jersey campaign, 432; exchange, 7. 10; regiment, officers, 10 n , 114 n , 443 n , 14. 127 n , 364 n ; officer court-martialed, 8. 114; strength of regiment, 10. 222 n ; memorial, 12. 346; recruiting, 14. 34, 35 n , 208, 209, 242 n , 276; return of men, 14. 127; rank in regiment, 209; Fort Frederick, 267; rt Pitt, 268, 276, 278, 347, 352, 15. 35, 16. 477; future of corps, absorption, 14. 348, 364, 21. 82; resignation, 16. 477 n ; returns, 18. 13. 37 n , 112, 21. 480; Yorktown prisoners, 23. 383, 384.

Rawlins, —, overseer, 37. 474.

Rawlins, Albin,* Washington's papers, 1. xlviii; clerkship at Mount Vernon, duties, 36. 58, 150, 165, 166, 172, 283, 284, 444, 37. 432, 474; draft written by, 183 n ; survey, 253 n ; hears letter, 446.

Rawlins, John,* work at Mount Vernon, terms, 28. 237–239, 263, 330–333, 369, 370, 458, 29. 201, 245, 246; bears letter, 28. 263; estate. Washington's account, 29. 279, 280.

Rawlins Tavern, Md., 23. 361 n , 2, 7. 405, 406.

Rawson, Ensign Jonathan (Jeduthan) T., court-martial, 20. 72.

Rawson, Ensign William, resignation, 18. 415 n .

Ray, —, of New York, information, 4. 532.

Ray, —, of Virginia, Yorktown siege hospital, 23. 162.

Ray, Capt . —, paroled servants, 24. 304.

Ray, John, jr ., issues passes, 5. 244, 267, 287, 314.

Ray, Robert, Varick clerkship, 23. 417.

Raymond, Isaac, exchange, 25. 148 n , 261.

Raymond, Samuel, court-martial, 11. 426.

Raynal, Abbé Guillaume Thomas François, work, 29. 522.

Raystown, Pa., Forbes route, 2. 230–232, 235, 243 n , 253–264, 266, 268, 273, 275. 277–283, 295, 300; letters from, 290–299, 37. 482; Virginia Brigade, 2. 291.

Razor case, order abroad, 21. 162 n .

Razors, order, 2. 406 n .

Rea, John, quartermaster, court-martial, dismissed, 10. 289.

Reab, Lieut . George, quartermaster, 25. 357; service, 357 n , 26. 174 n .

Read, Mrs . —, presidential mansion cook, 31. 300.

Read, Archibald, paymaster, 10. 152.

Read, Capt . Edmund (?), Virginia State Dragoons, 18. 290 n .

Read, Vice-Pres , ( Ch. J .) George,* Congress, committee, 5. 87; clothing, 10. 20, 319, 320; British and Wilmington, 174, 175; McKinley as prisoner, 174; recruiting, 319, 496; provisions, 482 n , 497; deserters, 517; Santo Domingo refugees, 33. 217.

Read, Jacob,* Congress, committees, 27. 28 n , 29 n , 174 n ; for Rhode Island, 456; western affairs, 485; Mount Vernon, 28. 121; Izard. 36. 415–417.

Read, Col . James, of Virginia, death, 9. 285.

Read, Capt . James, of North Carolina, rank, 12. 388; service, 388 n , 18. 20 n ; clothing for officers, 20; office, 31. 239 n .

Read, Col , Joseph, new establishment of regiment, 4. 190; regiment brigaded, 275, 512, 535, 5. 422, 503, 6. 240; march to New York, 4. 442; whaleboat detail, 5. 78; fatigue, 81, 158, 208; artificers, 158; regiment, 94, 181, 468; muster, 97; at courts-martial, 207, 230, 244, 246, 264, 286; to headquarters, 402; movement, 6. 207, 216. See also Thirteenth Infantry.

Read, Lieut . Col . Seth, commended, 4. 68.

Readhead, George, at New York City, 26. 455.

Reading, Maj . Samuel, officer of the day, 25. 159, 224, 264, 383, 449. 474. 26. 69, 109, 156, 208, 259.; service, 25. 159 n .

Reading, Thomas Mullan, release, 25. 440.

Reading, Pa., prisoners of war, treatment, liberation, 4. 73 n , 6. 503, 7. 186, 25. 436 n . 461, 26. 341; army baggage, 9. 243; hospital, 252, 37. 541; stores, magazines, 9. 259, 263, 397, 10. 448. 11. 111, 12. 17, 76, 16. 256; Virginia militia, 9. 274; winter quarters, dragoons, 10. 133, 133 n , 20. 337, 25. 413; guard, 11. 417; specific 0086 567 supplies, 18. 253; emergent meeting place for Congress, 33. 117, 124, 126, 129, 131; letter from, 517.

Reading Furnace, Pa., letters from, 9. 235–241.

Readman, John, court-martial, capital penalty, 23. 219.

Real estate. See Buildings; Land.

Rebellion, royal proclamation, 4. 59 n ; Washington on rebels, 7. 4.

Reasmer, Nicholas, troops at, 1. 221, 225.

Reckless, Lieut . Anthony, sappers and miners, 26. 140, 355, 355 n .

Reckless Town, N. J., Jay Treaty, 34. 254 n .

Reclamation. See Drainage.

Recollect, information from Canadian, 17. 314.

Reconciliation, Drummond affair, 4. 330, 509 n , 5. 449, 451, 490–492; expected commission, question of reception (1776), 4. 383, 427, 427 n , 428 n , 451, 454, 483, 5. 23; Reed on danger of commission, 4. 455 n ; Washington on policy, 5. 92, 303, 321, 17. 145, 37. 532; Howe's opinion, 5. 228 n ; Howe's irregular letter to Washington, 273; amnesty declaration, 279 n , 6. 84, 123; Howe's efforts before Long Island, 5. 321 n , 451; Washington-Patterson interview, 323 n ; Howe's powers, 406; Howe's puzzling conduct, 458; general orders on camp rumor, 469; proposals through Sullivan, 507, 6. 38; conference, 5. 507 n , 6. 38; idea as drag, 137; British policy in New Jersey, 334; Apollos Morris's attempt, 7. 67 n , 77, 78, 217, 218, 8. 192, 193; Charles Lee's plan, 7. 148 n , 224, 225, 225 n , 252, 343, 344; effect in France of efforts, 148 n , 226 n ; Adams on, 148 n ; Duché affair, 9. 382, 10. 92, 93, 357; Bryan Fairfax's plan, 11. 3; Washington on British pretensions (1778), 3–5; North's speech and bills, distribution, quid pro quo , 277, 281, 290, 295, 300, 309, 311; Washington on danger in movement, 277, 287, 289, 296, 326, 327, 494, 501; action of Congress, 281 n , 313; motive, French alliance, 288, 292, 297, 324, 494; amnesty to loyalists as offset, 293, 297, 309, 313, 333 n ; commission, expected, powers, 307, 475; Clinton and Lord Howe, answer of Congress, 12. front ., 18, 24, 25, 38, 39; parliamentary art, 24 n ; arrival of commissioners, 28. 29, 37, 42, 44, 45, 51. 52; Ferguson and passport, 39, 83; proposed basis, 42; Washington's attitude, 42, 43, 46, 84, 222; and French alliance, 43; communications, consideration, 46, 46 n , 84, 97, 222, 223 n ; Washington's correspondence with commission, spurious letter. 52, 53, 87 n , 466 n ; seducive advances by commissioners, denunciation, 59, 337, 339, 431, 13. 16; commissioners to New York City, 12. 158; Drayton's address, sending into New York City, 475; Lafayette,Carlisle affair, 13. 12, 20, 142, 143, 169, 185; British plans in abeyance pending, 36; manifesto and proclamation, valedictory, days of grace, 51, 90, 92, 130, 133, 170, 200, 15. 426; loyalist petition, 13. 91, 104, 153; probable report of commissioners, expected effect, 335, 463; actual report and suggestions, 14. 5 n ; Caleton's proposals (1782), 24. 242, 270, 275, 276, 293, 320, 346, 358, 372, 421; dominion status as basis, 473. See also Peace.

Recording secretary, appointment, duties, pay, 22. 112–115. See also Varick, Richard.

Reconnaissance, of terrain by general officers, 5. 140.

Recovery , 2. 161.

Recruiting, French war : Fort Necessity expedition difficulty, 1. 31–33, 102; orders for, rendezvous, 163–167, 170, 171, 175, 180, 184, 186, 192, 212, 223, 227, 233, 238, 243, 244, 252, 275–277, 290, 291; allowance and accounts of officers, 164, 228, 258, 261, 266, 275, 276, 284, 318, 353, 358, 364, 367, 377, 380, 390, 404, 470, 2. 33, 101, 104, 108; issues, 1. 169, 185, 201, 219, 256, 261; prospects, needs, results, 174, 236, 247, 250, 406, 465, 2. 8, 31; outside Virginia, 1. 178, 206 n , 218, 251; drill, 182, 256, 260; march, 186, 187, 190, 191, 199, 201, 202, 205, 208, 210, 212, 215, 219, 233, 238, 271, 272; officers' neglect, reprimand, 189, 207, 211, 212, 229, 241, 288, 406; pay, 190, 220, 234, 265, 266, 390; rangers, 195, 204, 205, 226, 2. 139, 140, 150, 152; returns, 1. 199, 256; inspection and acceptance, 219, 280; assignment, 223, 224. 0087 568 236, 257; among militia, deserters, 236, 352, 420–422; light horse, 238, 257; unjustifiable methods, 239; for frontier post, 242; among volunteers, 243; at elections, 244, 247; scouts, 255, 267; discharge, 256, 257; negroes and slaves, 259, 407, 418 n ; court of inquiry, 261; among rangers and drafted men, 398. 437, 453, 476, 514; medical service, 426; enforcement on officers, 458, 465; deserters' claim of expired service, 2. 100, 104; bounty, right to, jumping, 104, 167 n , 180, 186, 197, 207; to supplement draft, 119, 121; Forbes expedition, 180, 184–188, 190, 196, 202; funds, 185–188, 190, 196; commission as reward, 198. See also Draft; Royal American Regiment; Servants.

Revolutionary and federal : progress, appeals, poor results, fatality (1775), 3. 334, 337, 351, 392, 470, 4. 121, 124, 143, 147, 156, 158, 166, 173, 183, 198; (1776), 211, 232, 239, 241, 253, 255, 270, 274, 314, 319, 320, 398, 6. 107, 188, 234 n , 245–248, 250–252, 290 n , 347, 364, 380, 382, 384, 386, 396, 411, 415, 496, 498–500, 506; (1777), 7. 30, 43, 56, 66, 69, 74, 93, 112, 156–159, 164–166, 177, 181, 194, 198, 200, 201, 203, 205, 217, 227, 233, 236–238, 241, 244, 245, 251, 254, 259–261, 262 n , 264, 265, 269, 271, 274, facing 276, 276–279, 286, 289, 292, 305, 314–316, 318, 322, 323, 327, 330–332, 342, 345, 347, 349–351, 353–357, 361, 369, 370, 372–374, 384, 392, 393, 396–398, 401, 403, 405–407, 413, 426, 429, 437, 439, 446, 448, 451, 453, 456, 459, 464, 490, 8, 3, 9, 13, 14, 28, 35, 38, 43, 60, 77, 84, 95, 96, 124, 148, 157, 160, 161, 164, 168, 207. 276, 290, 305, 386, 388, 395, 412, 420, 439, 440, 483, 9. 16, 22, 103, 165, 166, 233, 366, 386, 406, 487, 10. 28, 54, 60, 161, 166, 198, 205, 208, 209, 222; (1778), 257, 261, 268, 308, 309, 317–319, 339, 344, 365, 11. 118, 157, 226, 238, 239, 292, 311, 319, 325, 369, 372, 373, 423, 438, 440, 452, 474, 476. 493, 502, 12, 42. 44, 45, 80, 158, 203, 279, 530, 13. 45, 46, 144, 242, 465, 466; (1779), 485, 14. 3, 32, 73, 398, 405, 411, 412, 416, 15. 10, 16, 25, 49, 52, 60, 72–75, 97, 122–124, 147, 165, 259, 280, 323, 336, 392, 410, 411, 424, 467, 492, 16. 351, 17. 130, 132 n , 147, 232, 235, 322; (1780), 18. 186, 254, 19. 2, 10, 19, 24, 26, 27, 31–35, 38, 39, 41–45, 49, 57, 72, 81–86, 89, 97, 100, 105. 106, 116, 128, 135, 166, 168, 194–197, 232, 270, 293, 294, 334, 343, 373, 385, 387, 388, 391, 392, 455–457, 470, 480, 482, 20. 20, 115; (1781), 21. 208, 264–269, 272, 277, 281, 334, 337, 339, 345, 379, 413, 419, 430, 459, 464, 22. 23 n , 41, 109–111, 117, 120, 142, 143, 209, 217, 220, 228, 341, 357. 368, 384, 386, 445–447, 451, 457, 468, 472, 475, 481, 23. 27, 29–32, 271, 302, 310, 342, 352. 379, 380, 393, 394; (1782), 476, 24. 2–4, 16, 17, 45, 60, 63, 66, 74, 79, 80, 104, 134, 135, 152, 156, 166–168, 177, 180, 252, 278, 318, 321, 331, 343, 384, 411, 415, 437, 25. 10, 99, 239, 241, 254; (1783), 26. 7, 10, 25, 98, 100, 253, 495; stopped (1775), 3. 448; term, efforts for long, evil of short, vagueness (1775), 3. 505, 4. 8, 8 n , 121; (1776), 300, 315–318, 5. 112, 190, 202 n , 211, 218, 226, 6. 5, 11, 81, 85, 107, 109, 112, 115, 115 n , 118, 137, 152–156, 165, 199, 246, 290, 332, 347, 398, 402, 457; (1777), 7. 8, 121, 8. 46, 77; (1778), 11. 340, 370, 12. 373; (1779), 14. 337, 16. 16, 152, 329; (1780), 17. 483, 484, 18. 30, 79, 205, 381, 19. 131, 149, 195, 374, 408–410, 470, 481, 20. 113–117, 122, 137, 146, 164, 205–211, 242, 246, 279, 280, 317, 328, 371, 437; (1781), 21. 74, 319, 375, 381, 22. 283, 384, 480, 23. 194, 196, 263, 24. 267, 268; reenlistment, efforts, lack, furlough, term, transfer (1775), 3. 506, 509, 4. 44, 49, 55–58, 73, 83, 85, 96, 101, 109, 121, 127, 128, 143, 146; (1776), 501, 5. 109, 202 n , 216, 6. 183, 201, 262, 263, 312, 358, 409, 410, 417, 420, 427, 431, 432, 465, 485; (1777), 7. 11, 27, 52, 139 n , 219 n , 395, 397, 407, 439, 9. 366, 481, 10. 56, 109, 153, 205, 208; (1778), 484–486, 11. 84, 85, 114, 232, 463, 12. 80, 337 n , 373, 402, 403, 451, 468, 469, 473, 474, 484, 13. 96, 207, 220, 328, 394, 458; (1779), 14. 3, 71, 72, 76, 102, 108, 110, 112, 117, 123, 125, 126, 135–137, 170, 236, 242, 276, 492, 498, 500, 15. 128, 224, 251, 324, 382, 17. 16, 172, 187, 194, 195, 218, 228, 229, 234, 243, 248, 259, 264, 281, 285, 323, 324 n , 335; (1780), 490, 18. 171, 304, 19. 304; (1781), 22. 494, 495; (1782), 24. 368, 502; negroes, slaves, 4. 8 n , 56, 86, 194, 195, 342, 19. 93, 20. 272, 24. 415, 26. 90, 95, 107; new establishment for 1776, difficulties, conduct of Connecticut troops, 4. 46, 84–86, 95 n , 122, 124, 128, 131, 137, 142, 145–147, 152, 157, 158, 163, 164, 183, 184, 315; irregular, conflicting, substitutions, 56, 85, 225, 17. 130, 132 n , 19. 76, 78, 83, 85, 93–97, 106, 297, 20. 461, 478, 21. 382, 7, 6. 459; officers on duty, allowances, conduct, graft 0088 569 (1775), 4. 85, 86, 95, 102, 110; (1776), 234, 241, 342, 387, 486, 5. 14, 56, 343, 6. 251, 252, 262, 271, 272 n , 274, 279, 288–290, 290 n , 298, 311, 312, 343, 416, 429, 430; (1777), 7. 6–8, 11, 91, 92, 145, 245, 251, 257, 259, 261, 263–265, 277–279, 318, 322, 330, 331, 348. 354, 359, 361, 370, 373, 381, 392, 395, 398, 406, 423, 445, 452, 464, 467, 475, 481, 8. 7, 8, 13, 14, 29, 35, 38, 40, 45, 70, 71 n , 73, 84, 123, 170, 191, 197. 281, 440, 9. 10, 11, 11 n ; (1778), 10. 333, 503, 505, 11. 232, 463, 12. 80; (1779), 14. 79, 109, 132, 136, 159, 198, 204, 208, 349, 351, 16. 114, 307, 329, 354, 17. 128, 228, 482; (1780), 18. 101–103, 385, 20. 162, 281, 300; (1781), 21. 75, 117, 185–187, 269, 414; (1782), 25. 124, 125, 292, 336, 340, 341, 26. 150, 151, 27. 243; new establishment and old regiments, 4. 86, 87; pay, advanced, evils, 101, 103, 105, 110, 170, 174, 265, 309, 311, 333, 7. 89, 180 n ; quality of recruits, unfit, rejections, 4. 116, 5. 61 81, 7. 8, 8. 405, 19. 424, 21. 244, 269, 401, 22. 124, 405, 23. 399, 479, 24. 232, 233, 275, 276, 318, 331, 343, 452, 25. 219; officer discouraging enlistment, 4. 112; recruiting and command, outsiders, 140, 6. 416, 429, 430, 476, 490; quotas, local and state, data, credit for nonstate corps, 4. 143, 185, 227, 246, 7. 43 n , 14. 263, 275, 289 n , 333, 356, 15. 21, 22, 249, 330, 488, 16. 460 n , 18. 12–17, 21, 24, 27, 35–37, 39, 44, 53, 54, 76, 79 n , 82, 83, 101, 102, 112, 207, 303, 384, 456, 20. 53, 296, 297, 344, 345, 437, 441, 442, 452, 455, 21. 199, 23. 29–32, 380, 398–401, 405, 416, 442, 456, 473, 476, 480, 24. 75, 344; interim service, appeal, 4. 153, 189; effect of militia pay, 150; replacements, 168, 10. 268, 11. 26, 283, 15. 21, 22, 20. 115 [see also “progress,” above]; forwarding recruits, instructions. rendezvous, march, precautions, desertions, distribution, 4. 189, 6. 198, 478–480, 482, 485, 7. 7, 8, 72, 75, 76, 110, 261, 359, 362, 391, 8. 6, 38, 49, 56, 62, 169, 440, 9. 10, 11, 61, 407, 412, 497, 10. 254, 11. 113, 120, 139, 145, 146, 152, 168, 170, 172, 180, 182, 183, 202, 227, 251, 275, 319, 338, 340, 347–350, 352, 12. 26, 54, 92, 16. 23, 36, 72, 78, 90, 234, 308, 317, 18. 96, 275, 285, 289, 19. 90, 94, 101–103, 105, 118, 122, 139, 140, 155, 156, 193, 231, 275, 291, 308, 310, 24. 61, 66, 74, 104, 105, 135, 252, 321, 331, 449, 452, 26. 100, 339; organizing new establishment, inauguration, 4. 190, 202; for Northern army, 252; from militia, 341, 342, 5. 408, 6. 149; special New Jersey conditions (1776), 4. 493, 500, 5. 211, 218, 226; Status of continental, in New York (1776), 4. 501, 524, 538, 5. 10; riflemen, rangers, 109, 202 n , 216, 7. 6, 7, 14, 22. 257, 258; Eastern department, 5. 144; loyalist, 162, 227 n , 6. 135, 136, 148, 153, 156, 194, 196, 7. 403, 410, 8. 390, 9. 149, 158, 160, 10. 328, 12. facing 168; German Battalion, 5. 201, 237, 324, 6. 324, 11. 347; Indians, 5. 261, 262, 7–12, 102; prisoners of war and deserters, 5. 402, 6. 310, 317, 504, 7. 7, 259, 8. 180, 11. 73, 145, 148, 180, 239, 320–322, 337, 372 n , 380, 383, 424, 12. 73, 412, 13. 41–43, 480, 14. 349, 351, 352, 15. 10, 22. 1, 33, 34, 24. 176, 452, 25. 165–167, 467, 468; bungling by Congress, 6. 112 n , 420, 429, 432, 433; complications, extra pay by states, arrangement of officers, 193, 270–274, 278, 288, 289, 298, 382; state inhabitancy and regiments, 358, 7. 6, 8, 8. 169, 9. 84, 10. 301, 13. 100, 15. 37, 21. 154, 170; convalescents, 6. 358; funds, effect of lack, state advances, accounts, liquidation, 384, 386, 387, 389, 465, 486, 493, 495, 498, 7. 7, 51, 58, 74 n , 81, 112, 112 n , 122, 135, 139, 140, 143 n , 148, 165, 209, 330, 347, 389, 406, 460, 11. 232, 394, 463, 14. 48, 56, 87, 91, 208, 209, 342, 368, 398, 15. 37, 16. 89, 17. 218, 324 n , 329, 336, 490, 18. 280, 23. 14 n , 499, 26. 269; cavalry, term, problems, volunteer's, 6. 384, 386–388, 491, 7. 24, 25, 470 n , 8. 109, 120, 121 n , 208, 254, 264, 9. 24, 118, 131, 10. 230, 457, 11. 58, 275, 338, 340, 394, 12. 27, 153, 16. 93, 95, 382, 392, 17. 218, 482, 18. 194, 19. 94, 140, 218, 20. 506, 21. 60, 25. 469; artillery, artificers, 6. 401, 7. 20, 21, 82, 88, 136, 138 n , 139, 145, 410, 10. 277, 14. 343, 18. 1, 2, 79, 20. 203, 22. 227, 26. 11; southern regiments, northward march, 6. 403, 417; temporary troops, pending, 489; proposed Canadian and West Indian corps, 7. 40, 169–171, 174, 429, 16. 3; state defense or continental line, state detention, state troops, local service, 7. 42–44, 89, 103, 156, 241, 349, 8. 43, 60 n , 81, 86, 95, 96, 102–104, 124, 126, 140, 146, 164, 196, 9. 173 n , 498, 520, 11. 53, 24. 159, 160, 162, 163, 266–269, 280, 281; substitutes, volunteers, 7. 43, 217, 292, 316, 334, 351, 354, 397, 407, 408, 425, 439, 443, 450, 451, 456–458, 467, 469 n , 12. 203, 341, 19. 260, 23. 201, 25. 182; clothing, and term, 7. 58, 60, 0089 570 112, 127, 156, 202, 229, 421, 429, 472, 10. 252, 254, 14. 359, 469, 18. 127, 172, 19. 95, 20. 3 n , 202, 299, 21. 75, 24. 35, 52, 66, 99, 120; proposed mercenaries, 7. 149, 24. 112–115, 163, 175; correcting errors, 7. 179; confidence if plans are carried out, 199; returns, demand, 218, 238, 246, 257–260, 264–266, 268, 276–279, 306, 307, 318 n , 370, 371, 373, 374, 391, 416, 439, 446, 454, 479, 8. 97, 117, 121, 127, 306, 11. 271, 273, 12. 412, 18. 44, 19. 304, 322, 347, 21. 449, 22. 33, 88, 173, 337, 424, 24. 215, 281, 384, 384 n , 478, 25. 149 n , 237; sicklinens and pay arrears as checks, 7. 244; orders for company, 245, 246; state measures, as hindrances, 395, 8. 12, 36, 37, 9. 84, 20. 117, 461, 478, 21. 89, 117, 175, 176 n , 199, 208, 216, 258, 280, 379, 387, 432, 22. 370; family objections, 7. 413; exemptions, 464; general officers on duty, interference, 489, 9. 176; convict servants, 8. 56; refusal to march, 169; results of piecemeal, 388; out of other regiments, 403, 9. 64; advised method, state recruiters, 8. 440, 9. 10, 11, 61, 407, 412; choice of regiment, 11 n ; special service and terms deprecated, 74, 14. 214, 344, 11. 370; short term and reenlistment, 9. 366, 481; inadequate provisions, pernicious method, 10. 27, 365, 447, 496, 503, 505; cost and causes of inadequate, and prolongation of war, 28, 54, 26. 495; primacy of problem, 10. 60, 147, 148, 209; British, from prisoners of war, 65, 11. 372 n , 15. 9 n , 22. 280; aliens, 10. 230; wagoners, 278, 14. 289, 344; effect of system on cartel negotiations, 11. 43; failure of volunteer, 238, 292, 16. 9, 16, 29, 38 n , 78, 19. 72, 20. 6, 24, 64, 129, 167; enlistment as alternative punishment, 11. 253; expected effect of French alliance, 335; Pulaski's and Armand's corps, 337, 12. 55, 13. 41–43, 480, 14. 78, 79, 79 n , 17. 329, 23. 224; information sought, 11, 347; displaces draft in Virginia, 12. 139, 158; returns on time in service, 412; expectations and proposed Canadian expedition (1778), 13. 242; effect of prosperity, 14. 7; Washington's pleas to Congress, 241–244, 19. 405–411; term and state bounty, 14. 337; music, 349; by veterans for own discharge, 373; no new corps, 15. 21, 22; circulars and missions to states on need, 122–124, 20. 204–212, 478, 23. 397–401, 452, 464, 473–476, 24. 45, 234, 235; independent companies, incorporating, 15. 303, 37. 538; sappers and miners, 15. 492, 16. 121; congressional urge, 186; plans, 338, 391, 18. 311; need of new requisition, 17. 463, 464 n ; effect of delay in call, 18. 186; use of martial law in Pennsylvania, 19. 113–115; veterans, 304; for rearranged army (1780), data, prompt transmission to states, 20. 166; for war ordered, 279, 280, 300, 317, 328, 371; partisan legions, 311; expected activity in 1781, 507; New England convention, 21. 3 n ; Southern campaign, 134, 418, 24. 116, 120, 152, 294, 403, 404, 25. 336; double state quotas, 21. 199; annual dissolution of army, 381; frontier levies, 22. 84; provost, fund, 23. 491, 492, 24. 24, 25; peace establishment, 26. 383–3851 Wayne expedition, 32. 113, 127, 207; provisional army regulations, 36. 425; delay then, results, Adams and Hamilton on, 441, 468, 477, 478, 489, 37. 137–139, 157, 159, 160, 168, 171, 175, 189–191, 190 n , 192 n ; quotas then, rendezvous, 36. 490–493, 511, 37. 15, 40, 41; command, 62; arrangement, 181, 182, 190; progress then. 228, 242, 246, 326, 334, 373. See also Additional regiments; Bounty; Discharge; Equipments; Inoculation; Militia (dependence); Muster.

Rector, Charles, Chattins Run land, 28. 356; as tenant, 29. 100.

Rector Town, Va., 29. 101.

Red Bank, N. J., British raid, 14. 443 n , 456, 457, 459, 461, 462, 465, 487. See also Fort Mercer.

Red Hook, N. Y., post, works, 5. 3, 22, 81, 208, 37. 529.

Red Lion Tavern, Del., 9. 173.

Red Stone, Pa., Ohio Company storehouse, 1. 20 n ; Washington's attempted road, 41, 43, 45, 47, 83; proposed Virginia post, 2. 313.

Reddick, Edward, mill run, 2. 410.

Reddick, Henry, land, 2. 410.

Reddick, John, land, 2. 411.

Reddick, Willis, land, 2. 410.

Redding, Conn., courts-martial at, 14. 137, 15. 67; letter to commandant, 14. 410.

Redick, David, Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 526, 34. 1, 9.

Redfield, —, pilot, 16. 421, 421 n .

Redman, Capt . John, court-martial, 12. 49; service, 49 n .

Reed, —, shipmaster, 14. 104.

Reed, Maj . —, tools, 5. 300, 6. 264.

Reed, Corp . Ames, court-martial, reduced, 6. 36.

Reed, Lieut . Archibald, rank, 15. 320; resignation, 320 n .

Reed, Col . Bowes (Bowles), militia regiment, 8. 233.

Reed, Esther (De Berdt),* letters to, 5. 220 n , 6. 110 n ; gifts to soldiers, letter, 19. 71, 71 n , 167, 216, 334, 350, 351, 351 n , 21. 4, 221; death, 20. 109.

Reed, George Washington, naming, 19. 115.

Reed, Capt . Jacob,* service, 25. 406 n .

Reed, Col . ( Gen .) James, of New Hampshire, regiment brigaded, 3. 355, 4. 275, 512; at court-martial, 3. 418; new establishment of regiment, 4. 190; march to New York, 420, 440; Boston alarm post, 436; muster, 526; for Canada, 526, 529, 531, 5. 2; brigadiership, 381 n , 421, 14. 218; brigade, 5. 423; to New Jersey, 6. 356, 357; disability, expected retirement, 408; on regulation of prices, 11. 74.

Reed, Lieut. Col . James, of Pennsylvania, public papers, 5. 427, 6. 434; Washington's land, 36. 371, 372.

Reed, Lieut . Jeremiah, resignation, 13. 92.

Reed, Ensign John, promotion and half pay, 22. 248; service, 248 n .

Reed, Col . Jonathan, regiment brigaded, 3. 355.

Reed, Col . ( Adj. Gen ., Pres .) Joseph,* military secretary, 3. 301 n , 309; drafts and orders written by, 329 n , 6. 301 n , 8. 372 n , 11, 48 n , 37. 528 n , 531 n ; Schuyler, 3. 376; letters: on scarcity of powder, 442 n , on General Thomas, 4. 453 n ; on Staten Island, 5. 220 n ; on Northern army, 257 n ; on Howe's improperly addressed communication, 273, 274 n ; on difficulties of discipline, 6. 106 n , 110 n ; on desertion of militia, 362 n ; on crisis, 426 n , 427 n ; on Arnold, 14. 80, 420, 442, 442 n , 448–451, 15. 22, 23, 82, 110, 280, 17. 217, 20. 213, 370; on Procter's congressional publication, 14. 294 n , 295 n ; on Patterson, 351, 352 n , 406; on political conditions, peace resolves, 353, 353 n ; on dictatorial powers, 18. 439, 439 n ; —absence and legal cases, 4. 52, 124; military services, 52; courts-martial, 54; information, 55, 105, 240, 293, 318, 319, 365, 6. 369 n , 9. 265; character of Washington's letters to, 4. 55 n ; departure from camp, 62, 67; early military supplies, 91, 93, 107; question of return, 103, 123, 166, 268–270, 296, 323, 381, 406, 483, 5. 50; pay plan, 4. 105, 118, 125; Mrs. Washington, 106, 165, 185; equipment for headquarters, 119, 210, 367, 454, 482, 508; prisoners of war, exchange, 126, 20. 215, 218; perquisites, 4. 126; on conditions in Congress, 165, 507; Washington and civil authorities, 165, 184, 240; sectionalism, 165 n ; Washington portraits, 298, 14. 33; election to Assembly, 4. 323; on first reconciliation commission, 455 n ; ill, 507, 17. 8, 180; adjutant general, 5. 113 n , 156; office, 176; movements, 198; councils of war, 242 n , 265 n , 9. 279 n ; on Washington-Patterson interview, 5. 323 n ; council of war record, 6. 54 n ; acting aide, 65 n ; intercession, 103 n ; resignation, 106 n , 7– 5, 190; and inadequate punishment, 6. 133 n ; Lee correspondence and disloyalty, Washington's knowledge, 300 n , 301 n , 313, 8. 247, 25. 159, 160; sent to Livingston, 6. 305; New Jersey campaign, Trenton, 6. 427 n , 428, 438, 441 n , 451 n ; apocryphal letter to, 427 n ; injudicious order, 500; Putnam's movements, 7. 14, 17; New Jersey loyalists, 37; general dragoon command, brigadiership, decline, 190, 8. 121 n , 141, 248, 293, 12. 275; horse for. 7. 191; plan against desertion, 191; arrangement of wagons, 192; spies, 368, 14. 342 n , 20. 288; adjutant-general papers, 8. 10; foray, 9. 288 n ; later 0091 572 reconciliation commission, attempted bribe, 382 n , 12. 59, 339; Board of War, 9. 389 n , 37. 543 n ; winter quarters, 10. 133, 134 n ; Congress, committees, 362 n , 12. 163 n , 235 n , 415; service, 11. 111 n ; Pennsylvania officers, arrangement, 126, 13. 385, 14. 81, 294, 18. 196, 310, 21. 348, 22. 45–48, 223, 391; trade, 11. 340; and Washington, 13. 348, 18. 440, 19. 113; state presidency, congratulated, 13. 382; flag intercourse, passes, 415 n , 500, 14. 101; Convention troops escort, 13. 438; clothing, 457, 17. 174, 181–184, 18. 46; Iroquois expedition, intelligence, m/lit/a, 14. 160, 186–188, 188 n , 351, 405, 406, 451–454, 15. 82, 110, 376, 377, 16. 105, 205; plan against raids, 14. 307, 309; uniforms, 341; recruiting, 352, 15. 280, 19, 19, 72, 95 n , 294, 22. 119, 171, 426; Wyoming, 14. 405, 15. 389, 19. 294, 21. 27, 22. 419; provisions, 14. 406, 454, 18. 434, 438, 439, 19. 441, 20. 108, 22. 48–50, 60, 118, 224, 390; frontier protection, 14. 407, 452, 21. 504; line troops and local defense, 15. 22, 109; Let's Queries, 16. 7, 150; paper money, and pay, 153, 18. 311; Estaing cooperation (1779), militia, field command, continental rank, 16. 406 n , 17. 8–10, 161 n , 180; Sullivan on continuance of cabal, 267 n ; American Philosophical Society, 18. 11; nonstate corps, 101 n ; specific supplies, 239, 252, 253, 309, 440, 19. 442, 21. 27, 22. 390; child, 18. 440; Philadelphia Light Horse, 19. 18; emergent transportation, 32, 33, 54, 70; circulars to, 104 n , 105 n , 449 n ; martial law power and filling regiments, 113–115; militia for 1780 campaign, personal command, 263, 294, 398–400, 440; Wayne, 20. 2 n ; death of wife, condolence, 109; mutiny, 21. 92, 92 n , 104, 280, 384; missent letter, 220 n ; 1781 plans, militia, 22. 118, 171, 206, 224; rifle corps, 257, 391, 426; on Yorktown, 23. 339; threat against, 24. 76; Cadwalader controversy, 25. 159 n .

Reed, Lewis, court-martial, 8. 362.

Reed, Thomas,* assistant paymaster general, funds, 11. 176, 14. 12, 112; duty, 17. 114, 114 n ; residence, 335, 337, 397, 454; discharge, 24. 329.

Reed, William, information, 4. 319.

Reed, William B., Joseph Reed , 3. 442 n ; Reprint of Letters , 16. 10 n .

Reed & Ford,* Washington's bank stock, 34. 179, 180, 35. 426–428, 431, 438, 447. 448, 464, 467, 472, 36. 28–30, 37. 251 n .

Reedy Island, Delaware River, 10. 220, 295.

Reese, Capt . John, company, 8. 436; service, 436 n .

Reese, Mrs . Robert M., acknowledgment to, 4. 134 n .

Reese ap Edwards Ford, Schuylkill River, 9. 408.

Reeve, Josiah. Jay Treaty, letter to, 34. 301 n .

Reeves, Christopher, chariot for Washington, 2. 489 n .

Reeves, Lieut . Enos, quartermaster, 20. 287; service, 287 n ; court-martial, 347, 348.

Refugee Corps, loyalist, 20. 390. See also Morrisania.

Refuse, disposal, 4. 214. See also Police.

Regimental clothiers. See State clothiers.

Regiments, of general officers, 3. 390; differencies in state establishment, 391; size, elements in new establishment (1776), 4. 8 n , 86, 146, 205, 481, 482; replacements, 168, 10. 268, 11. 26, 283, 15. 21, 22, 20. 115; brigaded, 4. 275, 276, 512, 11. 497; colonels and clothing, 5. 20; colors, 88, 91; rank questions, 427–429, 10. 367, 11. 76, 111, 243, 464, 477, 488, 21. 38, 39, 41, 96; dragoon, 6. 387, 20. 163; parades and drills, 7. 41, 8. 155; uniform, 7. 248; keeping intact, 424, 437, 8. 40; no special appellations, 7. 435; restoring men to proper, 8. 318; Virginia establishment, change and protest, 9. 481; disputed assignments, 10. 19; in new arrangement (1778), size, officers, reduction, 10. 368–374, 376, 11. 145, 158, 328, 380, 12. 31–33, 16. 11, 309, 310, 17. 431–436, 505, 18. 311, 20. 157, 162, 164–!67, 178, 279; inspection, 11. 293; commanders to headquarters, 312; lieutenant colonel as commander, 12. 34; command of consolidated, 14. 180, 181; general regulations on returns, 224–227; 0092 573 number of infantry, 356; state appointment of officers, 15. 46 n ; tent assignment, 162, 163; complement, 18. 417; artillery, 20. 164; state quotas, 279; reform, standardization (1782), 21. 39, 25. 22, 63 140 142, 172, 191, 199, 206. 238, 247 n , 26. 286, 300 n , 334, 310–313, 322, 373, 374, 376, 381, 416, 420, 425–427, 439, 441, 455–457, 460–463, 466, 467, 27. 38, 419; deranged officers, 24. 392, 394, 445; provisional army organization, 37. 46–49, 53. See also Additional regiments; Field officers; regiments by number and state name.

Register, of army proposed, 17. 233.

Register House, Edinburgh, material from, 32. 34 n .

Regnier de Roussi, Lieut. Col . Pierre,* appointment, 7. 167, 172, 182; court-martialed, 11. 175, 12. 272; rank and command, 11. 464, 477, 488, 14. 414, 416, 417; service, 12. 272 n ; at court-martial, 429; winter quarters, 13. 252; Long Island incursions, 253; subinspector, 15. 154, 172, 173, 17. 281; certificate, 18. 176.

Regulations. See Drill.

Reid, Col . —, colonial military provisions, 2. 127.

Reid, David C., acknowledgment to, 2. 411 n .

Reid, Lieut. Col . George,* brigaded, 18. 190, 22. 231; bears letter, 200; rank, controversy, 200, 24. 418, 25. 89; officer of the day, 20. 31, 112, 22. 299, 394, 25. 368, 395, 427, 27. 15, 26; at court-martial, 20. 199, 22. 424; in proposed surprise attack, 300; frontier command, Albany, 23. 434, 24. 302, 338; supplies, 345; accident, 345; drill, 345; Fort Plain, 391; British raid threat, 417; Montour, 426; cartridge boxes, 429; Canadian refugee rations, 477; regiment to main army, 25. 338; on poor pro, visions, letter, 26. 459 n . See also New Hampshire Regiment.

Reid, Maj . James Randolph,* bears letter, 14. 236; service, 236 n , 17. 327 n ; detachments, 327, 20. 63; clothing, 18. 47; at court-martial, 285, 290, 408; officer of the day, 321, 422, 19. 2, 76, 154, 220, 447, 20. 11, 33, 23. 244, 315; maneuvers, 18. 359, 467; at court of inquiry, 20. 49, 352, 442; rank, 306; Hazen affair, court-martialed, reprimand, consequential complaints, court of inquiry, letter, 454, 485, 21. 240, 241, 24. 263, 363, 461, 499, 25. 493, 26. 66, 67 n , 124, 149–152, 282, 283, 440, 440 n , 458, 460, 27. 29–31; light-corps command, 21. 235; Yorktown march, rear. guard, 23. 148; leave, pay and subsistence, overstay, 409, 24. 256, 26. 154.

Reid, Capt . Nathan, regiment, 19. 200; service, 200 n .

Reigart, Adam,* mares, 30. 506 n , 31. 34.

Reily, —, British flagship, 20. 449.

Reily, John, of Virginia, court-martial, capital penalty, respite, 10. 273, 276, 283.

Reily, John, of Maryland, court-martial, 15. 66.

Reily, Capt . John, of Pennsylvania, bears letter, 12. 329; service, 329 n , 19. 263 n , 25. 131 n , 26. 257 n , graft, arrest, courts-martial, reprimand, 19. 263–265, 25. 131, 26. 257, 425.

Reily, Michael. See Reyley.

Reily, Thomas, court-martial, capital penalty, pardon, 19. 477.

Reily (Riley), Capt . William,* detail, 18. 401 n ; detachment to South, 19. 25, 26.

Reinagle, Alexander, music for Nellie Custis, 30. 481.

Reinking, Lieut . Carl, memorial on prisoners of war, 25. 436, 461.

Relfe, —, bill of exchange, 2. 451, 460.

Relief. See Charity.

Religion, service in colonial camp, 1. 473; church going, 2. 341; books ordered, 370, 516, 3. 94; observance in Continental army, 309, 403, 7. 407, 8. 77, 114, 129, 153, 308, 9. 275, 329, 10. 242, 11. 342; Sunday and fatigue, 5. 367, 490, 11. 343, 26. 250; as complaint against officer, 7. 186; service on surrender of Burgoyne, 9. 391; duty, 11. 342, 35. 229, 416; service for French alliance, 11. 354; in speech to 0093 574 Indians, 15. 55; and profanity, 16. 13; sermon on Washington, 51; liberty essential, American doctrine, 25. 346, 29. 259, 30. 321 n , 336 n , 416 n , 432 n , 453 n , 31. 16 n , 22 n , 93 n , 32. 190, 314; Revolution and liberty, 27. 249; Virginia bill on assess, merit, 28. 285; and morality, 30. 336 n , 35. 229, 416; Washington as patron, 30. 339 n ; controversy in Ireland, 32. 73, 190. See also Addresses; Bibles; Chaplains; Churches; Established church; Fast; Missions; Providence; Sermons; Thanksgiving; Vestries; sects by name.

Reling, John, court-martial, 5. 24.

Remick, Capt . Timothy, brigade major and inspector, 22. 373; service, 373 n ; officer of the day, 392, 412, 427, 460, 487, 500.

Remsen (Remson), Henry, jr .,* pass, 16. 474; officer, 474 n ; office, 30. 413; state papers, 447.

Remsen, Capt . William, light horse, Washington's thanks, 7. 37.

Rendition, Florida question, 33. 187.

Rendon, Francisco,* Spanish agent, 20. 174; Florida operations, letters, 177, 276, 364, 476, 476 n , 21. 47, 52 n , 358, 359, 22. 25, 181, 242, 23. 211; compliments, 21. 359; articles for Washington, 22. 364; information, 24. 174; thanks to, 175; to Saratoga, 403 n ; entertainment, 25. 20 n ; favor, 28. 361.

Renkins, Ensign Robert, appointment, 15. 462; service, 462 n .

Rennell, James,* work, gift, 34. 232.

Renny, Hugh, court-martial, 3. 514.

Renown , H. M. S., 4. 475, 5. 167 n , 16. 332, 410, 414, 19. 180 n , 25. 423.

Rent, collecting, 12. 328; presidential mansion, 31. 136, 152–154, 374, 377, 381; land, terms, 344. See also Land.

Repalje, Capt . Jacques, court-martial, 6. 42.

Reparti, —, 1. 26.

Repley, Job, court-martial, 25. 118.

Reports, Mount Vernon, character, 33. 10, 40 n , 53, 63, 64, 98, 196, 326. See also Mount Vernon; Returns.

Representation, and taxation. 3. 238 n , 242; and adequate power, 27. 51, 306; necessity of experience to reforms, 28. 323, 431; and powers of Continental Congress, 502; society for oversight, Washington on correct principles, 29. 21 n –24 n , 22, 23, 66, 67; and power of Union, 311. See also Congress; Continental Congress; Legislatures.

Reprieve of capital offenders, 6. 236, 240, 7. 204, 285, 311, 324, 351, 16, 209, 21. 468, 483; refused, 13. 95; possible, 15. 63.

Reprimand, soldiers, and dismissal, 3. 306, 11. 133, 426; officers, 3. 404, 482, 7. 483, 484, 8. 23, 113, 154, 177, 211, 269, 401, 9. 31, 32, 101, 120, 121, 191, 303, 304, 360, 403, 10. 137, 169, 258, 299, 342, 11. 21, 48, 57, 83, 233, 250, 261, 377, 388, 431, 488, 12. 8, 12, 15, 48, 54, 219, 220, 256, 257, 312, 353, 375, 396, 13. 213, 247, 248, 14. 100, 180, 326, 15. 69, 70, 206, 16. 109, 148, 208, 317, 385, 450, 17. 140–142, 459, 18. 135–137, 143–145, 467, 19. 4, 5, 62, 152, 265, 467, 477, 20. 111, 21. 240, 241, 22. 26, 23. 5, 6, 218, 255, 24. 216, 310, 406, 407, 25. 44, 156, 204, 219, 220, 239, 26. 131, 173, 366, 367, 425; staff officials, 11. 156, 1:2. 288, 20. 201, 264; after acquittal, 15. 104; Beatty, 18. 33; Arnold, 225; McDougall, 25. 83.

Reprisal , U. S. S., 6. 176 n , 7. 206 n , 10. 61 n .

Reprisal, justified, 24. 364–366. See also Huddy, Joshua; Prisoners of War; Retaliation.

Republican party, rise, comment, 32. 95–100, 130–133, 135 n , 136, 137, 185, 212; later comment, purpose and conduct, 36. 42, 48, 56, 37. 66, 72, 88, 93, 126, 156, 248, 323, 326, 348. See also Politics.

Requa, Isaac, to scrutinize camp visitors, 22. 462, 501.

Requisitions, to sink paper money, 10. 346; neglect and inadequacy, evils, 18. 453, 453 n , 19. 132, 21. 374, 376, 26. 21, 473; mutiny and emergent, on New England. 21. 62, 66–68; urge for 1782, state mission, 23. 429, 453, 458–460, 464, 474, 476; Washington's rebuke of states, 24. 236, 237, 287; Connecticut, 344; and pay arrears, 366, 449; Maryland, 432, 432 n ; Virginia, 437; noncompliance and army threats, 26. 186; necessity, justice to army and creditors, 488–494, 27. 225, 242, 263, 265; Morris's urge, 86; better prospects, 294; Pennsylvania's record, 263, 265; failure, 28. 3, 503; future, 515; and coercive power, 29. 190. See also Impressment Specific supplies; Taxation.

Resignation of officers, prevalence, reasons, deprecated, 6. 419, 7. 472, 9. 388, 10. 26, 116, 126, 197, 201, 269, 309, 477, 491, 11. 25, 29, 50, 87, 102, 121, 126, 139, 140, 158, 180, 204, 211, 219, 226, 285, 298, 307, 320, 327, 415, 427, 439, 12. 152, 13. 385, 433, 14. 392 n , 15. 51, 52, 16. 2, 39, 92, 111, 130, 18. 181, 414, 415 n , 19. 164, 251, 20. 191, 211, 25. 4, 13 n , 462; not accepted, 7. 475, 8. 94 n , 128, 10. 346 n , 15. 300; rebuke for threat, 9. 69, 82; accepted, 93; North Carolina legislature on, 10. 202 n ; or furlough, 270, 11. 423, 13. 270 n ; Washington's dental of intention, 10. 463; advised, 522; ill health and incapacity, 11. 24, 28, 29, 50, 211, 12. 36, 322; Congress and higher officers, 11. 50, 94, 12. 112; general officers, retirement and half-pay, 11. 58, 239, 307 n , 14. 141, 24. 416, 416 n , 488 n ; staff, 11. 102; and regimental reduction, 145; postponed, 180; right to pass on, 210; rank and promotion question, 239, 13. 77, 16. 252 n , 17. 223, 19. 486; question of restoration, 11. 436, 12. 306–308, 315, 316, 15. 417, 465; uncertain status, 12. 9; settlement of accounts, subsistence pending, 112, 322, 15. 271, 14. 356 n , 413, 15. 254, 16. 2, 231, 17. 171, 22. 192, 346, 24. 7, 25. 496; discharges by department commanders, 15. 91; objection to orders as reason, 166; feared, 224 n , 20. 167; supernumerary officer, 14. 343 n ; regulations, 15. 20, 50, 57, 17. 233, 320, 335, 21. 482, 23. 201; state half-pay as check, 15. 51, 52; pending charges, 16. 31; list, 17. 223; actual and supposed, data, 20. 166; and brevet, 23. 384, 30. 31; personal application, 23. 466; mass threat, 25. 430, 26. 299; and later emoluments, 27. 244.

Resimbarack, —, of New York, apprehension, 16. 71.

Resolution , H. M. S., 19. 180.

Restoration , H. M. S., 16. 484.

Resurrectionists, body of soldier, 3. 464.

Retaliation, congressional manifesto, 13. 205 n , 210; for British raids, 15. 426; British threat, 16. 272, 319; policy. 23. 391. See also Reprisal.

Retirement from presidency. See Addresses; Farewell Address; Presidency (retirement).

Retreat, signal, 16. 258.

Returns and rolls, French war : on change of command, 1. 167; daily, 170, 171, 179, 183, 210, 256–258, 365, 391, 450; commissary, 172, 174, 180, 523, 524, 2. 130, 138, 214, 239; general company, 1. 177; weekly and monthly, 183, 227, 411, 436, 437 n , 439, 454, 457, 458, 460, 2. 120; recruits, 1. 198, 256; arms, ammunition, 211, 2. 59; horses, 1. 213; special, 238, 353, 354, 411; general regimental (1756), 272, 416; (1757), 2. 48, 91, 94, 118, 121, 130, 138, 143; (1758), 171, 175, 184, 200, 212, 214, 219, 244, 275, 282; kettles, 1. 272; frontier pests, 279, 2. 108, 112; size-roll, 1. 457, 2. 117, 120, 130; sent, 2. 3; Indian goods, 48; officers and cadets, 54; militia, 221.

Revolution : New York force (1775), 3. 303, 375; regulations, 305, 404, 4. 332, 5. 375, 12. 526, 13. 224–227, 293 n ; commissary (1775), 3. 308, 427; (1776), 4. 206, 418, 426, 437, 477, 5. 256, 6. 240 n ; (1777), 7. 107, 10. 200; (1778), 456, 499; (1779), 14. 86, 114, 417, 422; (1780), 17. 459, 19. 190; (1781), 23. 14 n ; need, neglect, enforcement, 3. 312, 318, 329, 335, 343, 353, 493, 499, 5. 126, 6. 16, 86, 124, 8. 268. 286, 9. 415, 10. 261, 16. 12, 18, 134, 135, 22. 73, 23. 14 n ; daily ammunition (1775), 3. 312, 385: military stores, supply, need, issue (1775), 312, 385; (1776), 4. 0095 576 305, 341, 356, 357, 362, 513, 5. 51, 105–107, 286, 477, 8. 237; (1777), 7. 67, 70, 80, 167, 8. 49, 237, 9. 19, 341, 349, 10. 71; (1778), 308, 330, 342, 11. 34, 112, 198, 225, 462, 12. 3, 16, 25, 111, 259, 289, 290, 331; (1779), 14. 99, 372, 397, 446, 15. 66, 102, 16. 318, 463, 17. 333; (1780), 425, 18. 7, 306, 472, 19. 72, 289, 351, 20. 494; (1781), 22. 27, 40; (1782), 24. 398, 25. 309; (1783), 26. 87, 158; general, strength of American army (1775). 3. 315, 319, 326, 4. 59, 75, 37. 511, 512; (1776), 4. 477, 520 n , 5. 16, 194, 270, 273, 324, 347, 372, 390, 404, 418, 464, 6. 6, 32, 52, 96, 105, 217, 278 n , 303 n , 318 n , 327, 337, 352, 420, 421, 432, 37. 528; (1777), 6. 462, 7. 92, 161, 168, 176, 222, 254, 286, 288, 8. 34, 36, 49, 99, 99 n , 241, 9, 251, 278, 462, 479, 10. 148, 195, 199, 233; (1778), facing 246, 11. 182, 186, 364, 365, 12, 76, 77, 116, 230, 263, 523, 13. 85, 86, 144; (1779), 14. facing 400, 15. 164, 489, 16. front ., 87, 87 n , 118, 322, 337, 17. 125, 126, 269; (1780), 505, 18. 165, 166, 198, 457, 483–485, 19. 162, 294 n , 20. 7, 56, 160–162; (1781), 21. 209, 210, 381, 22. 102, 103, 220, 222, 388 n ; (1782), 24. 123, 165, 166, 179–181; (1783), 26. 85, 93, 254, 27. 169, 180; artillery, 3. 318, 325, 342, 4. 183, 199, 5. 350, 10. 398, 11. 112, 198, 13. 402, 17. 496, 18. 15, 23. 203; irregular, discrepancies. fraudulent, 3. 323, 329, 4. 40, 225, 7, 143, 218, 306, 307, 316, 459, 10. 169, 13. 45, 15. 70, 17. 474; for Congress, annual state, 3. 323, 329, 330, 350, 392, 17. 125, 23. 23, 25. 222 n ; forms, blanks, record, books, 3. 325, 518, 5. 462, 10. 238, 14. 417, 422, 17. 332, 485, 18. 3, 114; tools, 3. 345, 5. 106, 6. 242, 17. 173; sick and wounded, convalescents, invalids, 3. 363, 376, 7. 320, 321, 8. 171, 328, 9. 470, 10. 141, 248, 499, 11. 453, 454, 488, 12. 160, 259, 13. 45, 15. 476, 17. 216, 18. 160, 338, 19. 366, 20. 334, 21. 9, 22. 398, 23. 203, 24. 248, 25. 132, 345, 351, 368; officers, fit, absent, rank (1775), 3. 379; (1776), 4. 204, 5. 180, 224, 347–351, 6. 151, 152; (1777), 9. 63, 90; (1778), 10. 304, 448, 11. 26, 12. 194, 221, 361, 365, 13. 82; (1779), 15. 322; (1780), 17. 477, 18. 2, 337, 20, 266, 302; (1783), 26, 34, 249; tents, need, 3, 410, 425, 8, 153, 371, 20. 102, 25. 458; artificers, 3. 446, 5. 156 n , 12. 247, 16. 460, 19. 61, 24. 172, 25. 70; Massachusetts troops, 3. 516, 4. 113. 10. 335, 14. 404, 21. 228; teenlistment, 4. 86, 10. 485, 12. 70, 13. 100, 158, 14, 236; new establishment (1776), brigade major's duty, 4. 155, 223, 333; militia (1775), 4. 154, 178; (1776), 277, 333, 5. 206, 6. 12, 423, 425, 440; (1777), 7. 467, 468, 8. 119, 9. 202; (1781) West Point, Yorktown, 22. 421, 422, 23. 141; pay, abstracts and rolls, 4. 170, 277, 285, 306, 344, 388, 477, 491, 10. 106, 239, 261, 361, 12. 325, 16. 221, 25, 14 n ; old and new elements, 4. 204; weekly, scrutiny, regularity, contents, 205, 213, 344, 419, 5. 271, 287, 10. 239, 332; suffers, 4. 342; medical department, personnel, supplies, 346, 7. 466, 11. 207, 260, 12. 338, 16. 489 n , 17. 282, 22. 215, 24. 445, 25. 283; Canadian expedition, Northern army, 4. 356, 357, 407, 5. 118, 133, 146, 150, 175, 6. 11, 8. 62; British force (1775), 57. 512; (1776), 4. 418 n , 426 n ; (1777), 6. 475, 9. 461; (1778), 11. 363, 364, 12. 77, 230, 243, 244, 263, 13. front ., 85; (1779), 14. 6, 15. 164, 489, 16. 272, 410; (1780), 18. 164, 166, 198, 300, 370, 371, 456, 483–485, 20. 7, 161, 267; (1781), 21. 167 n , 495, 22. 103, 133 n , 143. 401; (1782), 24. 122, 164, 181, 194, 25. 448; (1783), 26. 254; British stores in Boston, 4, 426, 437; guards, form, 478, 5. 84, 18. 22, 24, 248; armorers and smiths, 5. 12, 20. 64; general district, troops and stores to commander in chief, 5. 17; prisoners of war, 90, 7. 242, 9. 181, 10. 348, 20. 320, 26. 341; from Georgia, 5. 98; Highlands, 139, 266, 8. 495, 9. 70, 10. 213, 308, 348, 430 n , II. 373, 19. 78, 22. 364, 421, 422; new brigades (1776), 5. 270; vacancies in commissions, 347–349, 351; stores from prizes, 477; brigades, daily, special, weekly, 482, 8. 97, 127, 128, 9. 285, 435, 14. 68, 19. 424, 21. 402; suspended, 5. 491; after Long Island, emergent, 500, 6. 9, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25; rolls, daily and oftener, 41, 226, 233, 7. 374, 391, 8. 64, 106, 128, 155, 9. 171, 243, 10. 206, 207, 12. 221, 22. 270, 26. 247; rolls on march, 6. 237, 8. 345; parade and general accounting, 6. 240; rations, noncombatant, 240 n , 24. 343, 26. 12; Let's force, 6. 278 n ; clothing, blankets, shoes, need, supply, issue (1777), 7. 69, 184, 9. 343, 10. 31, 47, 66, 115; (1778), 11. 270, 464, 12. 260, 410, 13. 52, 197, 215 n , 851, 333, 353 n , 441; (1779), 472, 483, 495, 14. 2, 15. 3, 154, 182, 184 n , 241, 258, 16. 173, 237, 250, 17. 19, 84, 100, 201; (1780), 337, 339, 374, 396, 18. 59, 70, 492, 0096 577 19. 138, 479, 20. 201, 202, 233, 320, 380, 460; (1781), 21. 154, 22. 165, 357, 23. 203; (1782), 24. 445, 25. 457; recruiting, data for, levies (1777), 7. 218, 238, 246, 257–260, 264–266 268, 276–279, 306, 307, 318 n , 370, 371, 373, 374, 391, 416. 439, 446, 454, 479, 8. 97, 117, 121, 127, 306; (1778), 10. 205, 208, 222, 224, 225, 261, 339, 360, 11. 271, 273, 16. 90; (1780), 18. 35, 39, 44, 76, 112, 19. 189, 304, 322, 347, 424, 20. 33; (1781), 21. 401, 401 n , 449, 22. 88, 173, 337, 424; (1782), 23. 380, 398–401, 405, 416, 442, 456, 461, 473, 476, 480, 24. 75, 215, 281, 384, 384 n , 478, 25. 149 n , 237; troops at Philadelphia (1777), 7. 374; (1778), 12. 301; supplies from Europe, 8. 49; Virginia troops, 78, 79 n , 11. 433, 434, 438, 490, 12. 70, 13. 44, 17. 284, 318; women, 8. 181, 22. 215, 25. 496; chaplains, 8. 202, 203; size-rolls, 268, 360, 12. 360, 14. 227; arrest for neglect, 8. 268, 286; deserters, 9. 64, 10, 142, 240, 255, 332; transportation elements, 9. 298, 420, 421, 10. 455, 11. 133, 12. 352, 409, 412, 18. 248, 19. 303, 21. 206 n , 25. 24, 117; seamen in army, 9. 378; quartermaster department, 471, 11. 12, 132, 14. 142, 18. 80, 102, 20. 82; dragoons, equipments, special, 9. 498, 10. 419, 11. 244, 13. 4, 220, 16. 12, 17. 261, 318, 319, 20. 436, 441, 442, 456; Burgoyne campaign force, 10. 52 n ; officers' huts, 215; Fort Pitt, 221; tailors, 243, 252; uninoculated, 272; field officers, names, 304, 12. 221, 13. 452, 15. 322, 17. 477, 18, 2; Pennsylvania officers, line and staff, 10. 448; detachments, details, 512, 17. 424, 18. 240, 24. 248, 25. 70; militia patrol, 11. 14; music, 132, 17. 425, 18. 75; force at Valley Forge (March), 11. 182; (May), 364; (June), 12. 76; cattle horns, 11. 220; absentees, 225, 17. 332; Wilmington force, 11. 324; combmakers, 353; forces in Rhode Island, 428, 12. 243, 244, 16. 418; cooking utensils, 11. 463; forces in Monmouth campaign, 12. 77, 116; field, fit for action, 105, 18. 491, 19. 3, 23. 56, 156, 231, 289, 304, 20. 494, 26. 247; officers with sick, 12. 194; rival forces around New York City (1778), 230, 263, 523; monthly, winter, inspection, neglect, 247, 13. 313, 15. 356, 357, 18. 133, 139, 23. 438; negro soldiers, 12. 338; past and present officers, 361, 365; flags, 389; status of troops, time of service, 412, 13. 438, 17. 234, 242, 20. 152, 183, 25. 376; uniforms, material for officers', 12. 511, 26. 181; provost daily reports, 13. 70; forage, monthly, 14. 143, 24. 398; secrecy, 14. 226; hide-shoe barter, 330; by inspector general after reviews, 15. 48; British light, infantry force, 195; light corps, 265, 266, 25. 71; soldiers entitled to gratuity, 15. 381, 21. 228; regimental, 16. 11, 12, 381; Commander in Chief's Guard, 284, 19. 222; strength at winter cantonments, 17. 269, 21. 381; Iroquois expedition, 17. 99; North Carolina troops, 175; Connecticut troops, 219, 20. 441, 442, 444, 26. 3; proposed register of army, 17. 233; small proportion of fit for duty, 425; expresses, 441, 441 n ; special to establish actual strength and matériel (1780), 495, 506; needed campaign strength (1780) 505, 18. 456; (1781), 21. 209, 210; nonstate corps, difficulties, officers, 18. 12, 14–17, 20. 302; duty of general officers, 18. 71; French force, actual and needed, 457, 19. 211, 219, 20. 6, 57, 77, 78, 24. 124; canteens, need, 18. 492, 502; veterans in levies, 19. 304; needed copies of drill regulations, 415; war enlistments, 20. 33; personnel of reduced regiments, 475; absorbed regiments, 21. 13; boats, oarsmen, 31, 395, 22. 197, 24. 188, 25. 47; rearrangement of army (1781), 21. 38, 39, 44, 250; smallpox, 174; unfit recruits, 401 n ; public property, 22. 101; riflemen, 234; Yorktown campaign, 23. 100, 115, 141, 146, 166, 185, 203, 234, 294; camp equipage, 185; Southern army, reenforcements, 366, 367, 24. 75; officers visiting in Philadelphia (1782), 23. 393; officers' servants, 423; cattle for French troops, 24. 7; Pennsylvania troops in South, 75; intercepted, 435; officers under arrest, 451; to secretary at war, 454, 25. 189 n , 416; Hazen's corps, 316. See also Casualties; Muster.

Reveille, time, 3. 352, 5. 72; signal, 16. 258.

Revenue, sufficiency, 31. 402, 32. 207, 33. 168, 35. 319. See also Finances; Public debt; Requisitions; Taxation.

Revenue cutters, establishment, appointments, 31. 118, 119, 125, 130, 144, 151, 32. 107, 155, 34. 331 n ; building and equipment, 31. 143, 151, 35. 205; commissions, 31. 296.

Revere, Paul,* Masonry, 35. 440 n .

Review, general, 9. 33, 16. 207, 22. 413, 24. 101, 110, 262, 25. 121, 130, 134, 179, 183, 26. 94; regiment and brigade, 11. 293, 294. See also Inspector general department.

Review of the Military Operations , 1. 149 n .

Revolutions, effect, 32. 398. See also American Revolution; French Revolution.

Rewards and memorials, for river-fight valor, 5. 457; capture of British cavalry, 230; special services, 444 n , 487; and punishments, 8. 143; for intelligence, 166; promotion as, 9. 348; for apprehending deserters, 492; Nash monument, 10. 44; shoe substitutes, 94; hut buildings, 170; roofing experiments, 180; capture of Prescott, 234; system of honorary, 303, 379; patrol, 435, 478, 523; wounded foreign volunteer, 12. 501 n . See also Badge of military merit; Gifts; Honors; Medals.

Rex, Adam, court-martial, 9. 99.

Reyley, Michael, court-martial, 8. 201.

Reynolds, —, miller, 28. 154.

Reynolds, —, lambs for Mount Vernon, 28. 454, 479.

Reynolds, Sergt . Elisha, court-martial, 7. 484.

Reynolds, Lieut . George (7), court of inquiry, 10. 122.

Reynolds, James, court-martial, 23. 321.

Reynolds, James Joshua, information, character, 30. 56, 57, 85, 95.

Reynolds, John, artificer, court-martial, 11. 425.

Reynolds, John, of Rhode Island, clothing, 13. 26, 31, 20. 284.

Reynolds, Michael, court-martial, 8. 269.

Reynold's Pamphlet, 36. 33 n .

Rhea, Lieut. Col . David, observation post, 12. 295; service, 295 n . See also New Jersey Fourth.

Rhea, Lieut . John, of Virginia, quartermaster, court-martial, 9. 191.

Rhea, John, of Tennessee, district judgeship, 35. 380.

Rhea, Lieut . Jonathan,* reinstatement, 11. 436; bears letter, 24. 292; service, 292 n ; detail, 25. 367 n .

Rheumatism, Washington's attack, 29. 187, 195, 208, 211, 213; Perkin's remedy, 35. 207.

Rhinelander, Frederick, loyalist, 5. 388.

Rhoad, Joseph, court-martial, 10. 458.

Rhode Island, troops before Boston, 3. 322, 346, 355; British plans, defenses, line troops and defense (1775), 366, 369, 385, 4. 5 n , 6 n , 176, 177, 182, 197; (1776), 209, 212, 215, 401, 414, 445, 452, 456–459, 502 n , 528, 539, 5. 39. 40, (1777–82), 7. 350, 12. 44, 14. 496, 18. 172, 241, 242, 25. 251; and military stores, 3. 385–387, 4. 239, 273, 290, 5. 63, 113, 7. 209, 217, 349, 20. 285, 22. 152, 153, 448; tow cloth, 3. 387; regimental establishment, 391; armed ships, cruise, 500, 501, 4. 24, 29, 53, 117, 14. 158; Block Island troops, 4. 98, 150; safeguarding cattle, 169; loyalists, 183, 197; supplies for British warship, truce, 215; militia, state troops (1776), 4. 401, 413; (1778), 12. 184, 207, 211, 359 n ; (1779), 16. 397; (1780), 18. 470 n , 19. 282, 283, 306–309, 390, 391, 455, 460, 20. 284; (1781), 21. 279 n , 22. 105, 111 n , 119, 143, 160–162, 473–475, 491, 23. 47, 48; false alarm, diverted march of troops, 4. 456–459; carpenters for lake fleet, 5. 259; galleys, boats, 330, 346, 363, 372, 19. 122; force in, strength, condition, command, 5. 240, 11. 1, 31, 58, 94, 427, 428, 460, 461, 484, 13. 78, 86, 109, 112, 114, 178 n , 14. 200 n , 201, 398, 467, 15. 74, 75, 78, 83, 165, 16. 80, 17. 357, 20. 7; New York campaign troops, 6. 7 n , 130, 171; and Long Island, 61, 213; prisoners of war in, 131; Massachusetts militia in, 141 n ; 0098 579 recommendation of officers. 187, 274, 276. 298; recruiting, quotas, state and line service, term, bounty, negroes (1776), 274, 278; (1777), 7. 42–44, 89, 91. 139 n , 451, 8. 35, 161, 238; (1778), 14. 398; (1780), 18. 82, 170, 173, 19. 93, 96, 97, 308, 391, 394. 20. 279; (1781), 21. 61–63, 66–68, 201, 208, 220, 266, 267. 281, 337; (1782), 23. 473–476, 24. 105, 167, 176, 415; inoculation of troops, 7. 128, 131, 446; circular to line colonels, 277; counterfeiting, 403, 435; clothing, 8. 223, 238, 16. 281, 418; price fixing, 11. 74 n ; delegates and half-pay, 307 n ; distances in, 12. 196, 198; supplies for force in (1778), 13. 25, 26, 30–32; specific supplies, 18. 155, 160 n , 19. 484, 20. 451 n ; pay, liquidation of depreciation, 18. 311, 20. 284; hospitals for French, 19. 93, 95, 177, 178; road repairs, 177, 178; French winter quarters, 20. 12; commissary supplies, urge, mission, 22. 63, 311, 362, 366; quota of rations, 245; French army (1782), 25. 353; continental impost, 26. 184; Cincinnati, addresses, 27. 366, 29. 222, 30. 403 n , 35. 421 n ; radicalism, paper money, 28. 517, 29. 139, 375; Federal Convention, 224, 228, 237; ratification, 425, 433, 450, 30. 10, 12, 21, 32, 35, 403 n , 442, 485, 504, 31. 4, 45, 48, 55, 66, 67, 37. 570; barley seed, 30. 38, 94; constitutional amendments, 426 n ; federal impost and tonnage after ratification, 31. 4 n , 5 n ; Washington's felicitations, 48; presidential tour, 93 n , 94 n ; federal excise, officers, salaries, 233–235; land for fortifications, 33. 241, 244; district judge, 135. 241, 244; provisional army officers from, 36. 333, 37. 192 n . See also next titles; Bermuda; New England; Newport; Providence.

Rhode Island, deputy governor of. See Bowen, Jabez; Bradford, William.

Rhode Island, governor of. See Bradford, William; Collins, John; Cooke. Nicholas; Fenner, Arthur; Greene, William.

Rhode Island brigade, new arrangement, 14. 138, 139, 333, 334, 15. 75, 16. 20; uniform, 388; clothing, 17. 205; winter quarters, facing 256, 20. 416, 419, 447; troops in light corps, 18. 191; deserters pardoned, 19. 306; reorganization, union of regiments, 20. 285, 415. See also Rhode Island (especially “recruiting”); Varnum, James Mitchell; regiments by name.

Rhode Island campaign, original American force, 12. 45, 211; plan, 174 n , 184, 185. 201, 210. 243, 244, 250; militia, 184, 202, 207, 211, 213, 237, 245, 291, 309, 345, 359 n , 365, 397, 405; line troops from Washington's army, 195–198, 202, 207, 208, 211, 217–219, 245, 250, 261, 277; Estaing's sailing and arrival, 202, 206, 207, 213, 230, 244, 246, 250, 251, 277, 278, 280; Sullivan, Lafayette, Greene, command, 204, 232, 236–238, 244, 250, 251, 277, 294, 309; hospital, 235; Steuben, 235 n ; command of French land force, 238, 309; original British force, 243, 244, 281; British reenforcements and diversions, later movements, 250, 251, 310, 350, 351, 359, 368 n , 369, 378, 379, 382 n , 408, 416, 425, 480 n , 486, 509; British naval force, Howe's sailing, 250 n , 292–297, 304, 317; prospects, expected result of success, 255, 263, 265, 277, 308, 334, 337, 345, 488; cooperative understanding, 280, 345; intelligence of British movements, 280, 281, 292, 294–299, 427, 428; British ships at Newport, destruction, 280, 291 n , 304, 314; Estaing's difficulties, 291–294; land preparations and movements, delay, 291, 291 n , 296, 297, 309, 329, 337 n ; Laurens's map, 297; and Long Island, 310, 311; naval maneuvers, storm, 329–331, 334, 337, 342, 345, 346, 354 n , 355, 389, 423, 488; engineers, 335; Estaing's return, departure to refit, controversy, 354, 359 n , 364, 367, 368 n , 369, 378, 382–387, 399, 401, 405–408, 424, 501, 516; Washington's movements, 357, 369, 387 n ; ensuing problem and land retreat, battle, 359, 365, 368, 369, 377, 382 n , 384, 386 n , 387, 391, 397, 398, 404, 503; Howe's second sailing, 368, 378, 389, 428; sketch, plans, 516, 15. 91 n .

Rhode Island College,* address, 31. 94 n .

Rhode Island First Regiment, officers, 7. 91 n , 10. 298 n , 11. 375 n , 15. 203 n , 16. 7 n , 20 n , 18. 146 n , 415 n ; officer and soldiers court-martialed, 10. 298, 18. 434. 461. See also Greene, Christopher; Rhode Island Regiment.

Rhode Island General Assembly (Legislature),* addresses, 51. 94 n , 55. 431 n .

Rhode Island Historical Society, material from, 9. 457.

Rhode Island Regiment, brigaded, 21. 45, 22. 164, 231, 25. 85; light-corps troops, 21. 235, 22. 369; rearrangement returns, 21. 250; officers, 282 n , 22. 385 n , 23. 16 n , 463, 24. 158 n , 25. 113 n , 407 n ; arrears, state relief, 21. 431; inspection, 2:2. 137, 439, 24. 51; soldiers court-martialed, 22. 442, 486, 24. 311, 25. 260; Yorktown campaign, 25. 8 n , 135; staff, 388, 25. 226; at Philadelphia, as guard, 23. 403; clothing, 405; force, 24. 165, 168; to main army, 257–259; reenlistments, bounty, 368, 502; muster, 303; condition, need of men and officers, 420; fatigue, 464, 25. 42; on duty, 24. 466, 25. 168, 204, 236, 255, 285, 299; civil sale of negro soldier, 24. 467; detachment, 25. 24, 43, 183; Stony Point garrison, 136; maneuvers, 260; standardization, one battalion, 312, 425–427, 460, 463, 26. 22, 63, 140, 142, 172; to Albany, 9. 5. 304–306, 305 n , 308; subsistence for all officers, 26. 199; commutation of half-pay, 368; furloughs pending discharge, 468, 469; remaining troops, 27. 34; Saratoga post, 67 n . See also Greene, Christopher; Olney, Jeremiah.

Rhode Island regiments. See above and below, also infantry regiments by following number titles: 11th; 9th.

Rhode Island Second Regiment, officers, 10. 68 n , 11. 118 n , 12. 49 n , 172 n , 17. 440 n , 18. 144 n , 192 n , 281 n ; adjutant, 19. 110. See also Angell, Israel; Rhode Island Regiment.

Rhode Island Third Regiment, officers, 3. 418 n , 6. 26 n .

Rhodes, Richard, overseership, 36. 445, 450, 452.

Rhodes, William, court-martial, 16. 126.

Rhubarb, seed, 29. 432.

Ribbons, orders, 2. 331, 335, 336, 369, 370, 414, 463, 3. 23, 90, 94; military insignia, 339, 362.

Ribeiro Freire. See Freire.

Rice, Capt . George (?), bears letter, 9. 39.

Rice, Hopkins, court-martial, 5. 244.

Rice, John, charges against Pope, 16. 110.

Rice, Capt . Joseph, artillery commission, 7– 127; service, 127 n ; court,martial, 11. 84; threat against, 387.

Rice, Maj . Nathan, service, Lincoln's aide, 8. 23, 16. 16 n , 19. 323 n , 20. 81 n ; bears letter, 16. 16; brigade major, 19. 323; officer of the day, 483, 20. 32, 81, 112, 22. 270, 23. 167, 251, 299, 328, 25. 178, 237, 26. 120, 220, 261, 278; command, 23. 199; gift, 28. 64.

Rice, Samuel, court-martial, 10. 359.

Rice, for sick, 10. 499, 11. 166, 12. 242; in ration, 12. 361, 13. 174, 17. 325; cargo captured by British, 15. 118; price, 16. 386; seed for Mount Vernon, 34. 426, 427. See also Grain.

Rich, Henry Pye, Jay Treaty commission, 36. 20; Mount Vernon, 20 n . “Richard,” boyhood letter to, 1. 17.

Richard, George. See Richards.

Richards, —, Pennsylvania loyalist, killed, 13. 454 n .

Richards, Dr . Abijah, exchange, 16. 143, 154; service, 143 n .

Richards, Benjamin, court-martial, 5. 101.

Richards, D. W., acknowledgment to, 7. 220 n .

Richards, Edmund,* fictitious claim, 28. 163, 343, 344.

Richards, George, printing, 28. 33; newspaper, 30. 365 n .

Richards, James,* exchange matter, letter, 25. 147 n , 261 n .

Richards, Oliver, court-martial, 21. 153, 213.

Richards, Sergt . Peter, court-martial, reduced, 6. 42.

Richards, Richard, supposed will, 28. 163, 343.

Richards, Robert Thomas Johnson, spy, acquitted, 19. 252.

Richards, Lieut . Samuel, paymaster, 13. 118.

Richards, William, office, 16. 381.

Richards & Co., bills of exchange, 23. 165.

Richardson, —, shipmaster, 2. 338.

Richardson, —, of Philadelphia. Sayre affair, 4. 245.

Richardson, Capt . —, British officer (?), hospital after Yorktown, 23. 497, 24. 19.

Richardson, Daniel, Stobo's representative, 3. 171.

Richardson, Lieut . Col . Holt,* recruiting service, 12. 139; irregular resignation, 16. 183, 306, 17. 223.

Richardson, James D., Messages and Papers , material from, 30, 289 n .

Richardson, Capt . John,* supernumerary, complaint, 21. 317.

Richardson, Joseph. army conduct, 32. 161.

Richardson, Lieut . Richard, recruiting trouble, 9. 176.

Richardson, Thomas,* mattresses, 27. 435; advertisement for Washington, 436.

Richardson, Col . William,* Harlem Heights, 6. 68, 102; circular to, 7. 279 n ; brigaded, 8. 106, 12. 216; loyalists, 9. 137, 153; Philadelphia campaign, 176, 177, 184; at court of inquiry, 379; absence, 10. 152; at court-martial, 11. 200. See also Maryland Fifth Regiment.

Richardson, William H., Powles Hook, 5. 67 n .

Richardson family,* Colvill estate, 2. 483, 484.

Richardsons Ford, Schuylkill River, 9. 242.

Richelieu River, chain to obstruct, 5. 16, 45.

Richland County, S. C., excise survey, 31. 237.

Richlings Ford, Brandywine Creek, 9. 149.

Richmond, Charles Lennox, duke of, and peace, 25. 151.

Richmond, Christopher,* loan certificates, 28. 123, 131; Potomac Company. 143; office, 31. 296.

Richmond, Col . William, Rhode Island militia, use, 6. 213 n .

Richmond, Dr . William, of Virginia, Southern army, 15. 493; office, 493 n .

Richmond, Mass., magazine, 21. 258.

Richmond, Va.,* letters from, 3. 276–279, 27. 495, 31. 279–283, 37. 572; route by, 17. 135, 23. 167 n ; Greene, 20. 464; Arnold's raid, 21. 152, 161; magazine, laboratory, 23. 333, 24. 73; land lottery, Washington's lots, 27. 442, 443, 30. 397, 37. 283; Washington at, Lafayette, 27. 480 n , 495 n , 28. 432 n ; addresses, neutrality, Jay Treaty, 27. 495, 33. 70–72, 34. 269; fur trade, 29. 220; presidential tour, 31. 230, 231, 261, 272, 279 n .

Richmond , H. M. S., 19. 180 n ; capture, 23. 150.

Richmond County, Ga.,* Jay Treaty, 34. 254 n .

Richmond County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236.

Richmond County, Va., independent company, 3. 276 n ; excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Ricker Suydam, Cornelius. See Ryker Sedam.

Rickets, —, flour mill, 32. 339; Alexandria land, 35. 496:

Rickets, Reason, court-martial, capital penalty. 17. 138.

Rickett, William, court-martial, 9. 89.

Riddell, Henry,* Palatines, 3. 187–190, 193–196.

Riddick, Lemuel, Virginia Convention, 3. 277 n .

Riddle, Capt . —, Virginia militia detachment, conduct, 1. 501.

Riddles. See Sieves.

Rider. Isaiah, 6. 231.

Ridgefield, Conn., action, 7. 488 n ; route by, 15. 395, 409; post, command, instructions, movements (1779), 468, 471, 473, 474, 478, 496–498, 16. 3, 32, 34, 49, 56, 66, 85 n ; winter quarters, 17. 209, 25. 413.

Ridley, Matthew, Morris's sons to France, 25. 274.

Ridley, Maj . Thomas, regiment, 19. 198; service, 198 n .

Ridley, Pa., headquarters near, 9. 205 n .

Ridout, John, introduction, 28. 18 n .

Ridout, Thomas,* articles for Mount Vernon, 28. 210, 224, 433, 434.

Riedesel, Friedrich Adolph, baron von,* exchange of German officers, 10. 479, 11. 53, 184, 22. 75; Convention troops removal, 13. 201, 202; winter plans, 14. 44, 57; parole, 16. 82, 83, 188, 390, 394, 454–457, 495, 17. 13, 14, 163, 165, 173; letter to Jefferson, 18. 19; exchange, 20. 27, 69, 135, 136, 192, 243, 269, passports, 27. 64; compliments, 65.

Rifle frocks, supply, 16. 24. See also Hunting shirts.

Riflemen, corps, authorized, 3. 300, 507 n ; expected before Boston, 347; at camp there, 375, 393, 394, 424, 37. 513; guard against raid, 3. 426; Arnold expedition, rank, 473, 515, 4. 2, 12; post, 3. 490; court-martial, 490, 497; excess, pay, 507; Dowdie, 4. 32; discharging arms, 78, 513, 5. 426; Lechmere Point affair, 4. 79, 84; publication of letters, 166; accounts against, 176; for Newport, 183 n ; deserter to British, 354; Dorchester Heights, 365; march to New York, 385, 389–391, 399, 404, 406, 407, 410; Northern army, 494, 497, 500, 9. 70, 71, 78, 102; reenlistment, bounty, 4. 501, 5. 109, 216; brigaded, 4. 536, 15. 142, 189; at New York, 5. 22, 393, 395, 416, 489; expiration of term, 202; new regiment, 202 n , 216; Stephenson, 208; officers recommended, 216, 217; regimentals, clothing, 297, 14. 23, 43; British fear, association with Indian dress, 5. 336; and British attack (1776), 473; command, 6. 128; Pennsylvania men, 139 n , 192 n , 22. 257, 261, 341, 356, 391, 426, 427: listing, 8. 156; recruiting, 10. 401; Monmouth campaign, 12. 106, 107; conduct at Fort Washington, 347; frontier service, 371, 13. 293; status, question of disbandment and union, 439, 439 n , 14. 43, 333, 348, 349, 15. 45; Iroquois expedition, 14. 188, 15. 29, 142, 189; movements, 17. 57; dispersed, 85, 99; formation of corps, 19. 252, 263, 265; equipment, 379; practice, 479, 20. 153; post and patrol, 141, 187; to light corps, 202; winter retention, 402; returns, 22. 234; Yorktown, 23. 148; for 1782, 24. 46; provisional army, 37. 15, 56. See also Light corps; Morgan, Daniel; Posey, Thomas; Rangers.

Rifles, for Morgan's corps, 8. 246; collection, 17. 85; Ferguson, 37. 56.

Rigaud, Louis Philippe de. See Vaudreuil.

Rigaud, Pierre François de. See Vaudreuil-Cavagnal.

Riggs, E. Francis, acknowledgment to, 32. 88 n .

Riggs, Lieut . John, court-martial, cashiered, 5. 98.

Riley. See Reily; Reyley; Ryley.

Rind, William, Virginia Gazette , 3. 119 n .

Ring, —, Whiting estate, 33. 335.

Ringgold, Thomas, Pearce, 33. 26, 35. 184; jackass, 33. 273–275.

Rings, mourning, 3. 144, 37. 287.

Ringwood, N. J., flour, 21. 54, 60, 127, 190; troops against mutineers, 128, 132, 140; Washington to, 140, 26. 342; headquarters, letters from, 21. 145–151; as 0102 583 deposit deprecated, 245; winter post, 25. 379, 400, 401; route by, 27. 35. See also next titles.

Ringwood Clove, N. J., winter quarters, 23. 385.

Ringwood Iron Works, N. J., magazine, guard, 13. 377, 17. 211, 19. 100, 108; headquarters, letters from, 15. 231–237; road to Smiths Clove, 16. 112; route by, 17. 119, 135; specific supplies, 20. 451 n .

Rinker, —, messenger, 2. 188.

Rioting, prevalence, general orders, 4. 525, 5. 32, 501, 6. 8, 11. 426, 13. 119; officers and suppression, 10. 137; Franco-American, at Boston, 12. 476 n , 479, 516, 517.

Ripley, Lieut . Hezekiah, brigade quartermaster, officer of the day, 25. 149, 178, 204, 225, 248, 264, 285; service, 149 n .

Riquetti, Honoré Gabriel. See Mirabeau.

Rising, early, 36. 118.

Rising Sun , 3. 143, 220, 30. 57.

Rising Sun Tavern, Pa., 9. 124.

Rissimbarack. See Resimbarack.

Ritchie, Matthew, Washington's Pennsylvania land, payment, estate, 34. 289, 35. 22, 131–133, 440, 457, 461, 36. 24, 132, 164, 280, 371, 372, 37. 146, 251–253, 315, 319, 439, 580.

Rittenhouse, David,* stores, 9. 214; Washington's theodolite, 15. 224, 27. 6; Washington's glasses, 26. 27, 136; mint, 32. 84, 86, 34. 166; memorial meeting, 35. 335 n .

Ritter, Lieut . William, court-martial, 11. 263; resignation, 263 n .

Ritzema, Col . Rudolphus,* for Philadelphia, 4. 353; arms, 500, 518, 532, 534, 5. 18; regiment, brigaded, review, 4. 527, 5. 7, 42, 61, 81, 100, 244, 422, 503, 6. 42, 119, 180, 192, 231; control over regiment, 4. 524, 538; muster, 5. 1; at court-martial, 61, 74, 84, 88, 90; fatigue, 81, 208; inquiry into conduct, resignation, 270, 278, 287; deserts to British, 270 n ; order to headquarters, 402; pay of regiment, 438.

Rivardi, Maj . John Jacob Ulrich,* federal district work, 33. 323; artillery command, 36. 488, 37. 583; Niagara post, 139, 141; as engineer, 209, 224.

River Farm, described, proposed lease, 33. 178, 34. 433, 441–445, 35. 23, 25, 446; Lear, 36. 30, 31; slaves, 37. 262, 263; bequest, 287, 289; plans for rotation, 463–472. See also Mount Vernon.

River navigation, Monongahela, 1. 24; Youghiogheny, 47, 52; Potomac above Great Falls, 100, 101. See also Internal improvements; Mississippi River; Navigation.

Riverhead, L. I.,* Jay Treaty address, 34. 301.

Rivers, Capt . James,* parole exchange, 17. 292.

Rivers. See Ferries; Internal improvements; Navigation; River navigation; rivers by name.

Rives, Dr . William C., acknowledgment to, 27. 392 n .

Rivington, James, spurious letters, 5. 126 n , 10. 465 n , 35. 365; captured goods, 13. 23; Clinton, 27. 9; Washington's sarcasm, 9 n ; New York Gazette , 262 n . See also Royal Gazette .

Roach, Frederick, matross, court-martial, 5. 6.

Roach, Isaac, office, 31. 119.

Roach, Richard, court-martial, 9. 29.

Roach, Thomas, court-martial, capital penalty, respite, pardon, 9. 439, 469, 492.

Roach, Sergt . William, courts-martial, 7. 485, 13. 137.

Roading, Thomas Mullan. See Reading.

Roads, colonial Virginia highways, 1. 6 n , 212, 2. 364; Blue Ridge trails, 1. 6 n . 12 n , 238; to Wills Creek, 23; attempted building to Red Stone, 41, 43, 45, 47, 83; Braddock expedition, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 144, 382, 398; to Fort Cumberland, 186, 272, 294, 360, 2. 32; making for Forbes expedition, 174, 195, 231, 232, 235, 238, 241, 243, 245, 261, 264, 301–308; Forbes route, discussion, 226 n , 231, 238, 243, 245–247, 249, 252–264, 266, 268, 273–283, 295, 300, 303, 37. 481, 483; to Canada, Bayley's project, 4. 182, 419, 532, 5. 14, 15, 177, 178, 6. 212, 12. 421, 13. 327, 14. 205, 504, 16. 87 n ; obstruction, 6. 34, 8. 383, 393; repair, 58, 411, 9. 80, 12. 105, 496, 506, 13. 6–8, 44, 150, 153, 215, 16. 215, 216, 17. 6, 157, 18. 260, 19. 80, 118, 177, 178, 396, 20. 11, 335, 367, 22. 70, 79, 24. 490; Smiths Clove, 8. 340, 365, 15. 237, 238 n , 239, 239 n , 247, 255, 259, 270; information for Philadelphia command, 8. 491, 493; at camp, 9. 493, 16. 60, 110, 112, 146, 210, 212, 17. 240, 18. 95; to Wyoming, 14. 402, 417, 464, 493, 15. 16; proposed, back of the Hudson, 16. 448, 467; Hudson to South, to Yorktown, survey, 19. 128, 23. 332; for marching, 20. 140; by line and militia, 169, 170; West Point, to headquarters, causeway, 21. 6, 97, 25. 456, 26. 159, 168, 169, 171, 235, 314, 415; preparation of New York frontier, 27. 79, 121; Mount Vernon, surfacing, public, protest, sketch, 28. 94, 30. 158–160, 257, 32. 221, 299, 340, 33. 510–512, 34. 373, 384, 422, 479, 35. 258, 285, 286, 337, 354, 383; and river improvement, 28. 334; financing improvement, 334, 335; Potomac connection with West, 30. 200; of southern tour, distances, 31. 229–232; tax, 32. 69; spring and winter conditions, 34. 175, 35. 402. See also Braddock Road; Internal improvements; Lanes; Postoffice.

Roanoke River forts, 1. 478, 479, 491, 496; as route, 28. 337

Robardet, James, dancing master, 32. 23.

Robb, Lieut . John, movements, 7. 145, 410; service, 145 n .

Robbillard d'Antin, Lewis Joseph Henry, foreign volunteer, Washington's dilemma, 7. 133.

Robbins, Ensign John, abused, 8. 286.

Roberdeau, Gen . Daniel,* post, 5. 446; bears letter, 6. 33; Conway's letter to Gates, 10. 528 n ; lead smelting, 12. 65; as arbitrator, 28. 166; federal district affairs, 31. 489, 489 n , 507.

Roberts, —, on evacuation of Philadelphia, 12. 82.

Roberts, —, Mount Vernon mantels, 27. 304.

Roberts, Lieut . John, court-martial, 12. 24.

Roberts, Col . Owen, killed, 18. 273.

Roberts, Sergt . William, court-martial, reduced, 7. 183.

Roberts, William,* miller, 3. 63; wartime employment, 434; wager, 16. 124; conduct: and character, rehiring, 27. 132, 198, 199, 218, 28. 57, 129, 153, 428, 29. 234. 31. 473, 37. 237, 238, 274, 347, 354; flour, 310; land dispute, 310.

Robertson, Alexander,* brother as farm manager, 32. 266.

Robertson, Ann (Lewis), pass, 6. 283.

Robertson, Archibald,* Washington portrait for Buchan, 32. 25, 25 n , 427, 428 n , 33. 106.

Robertson (Robinson), Gen . James,* British officer, Drummond, 4. 330; evacuation of' Boston, 377 n , 384; fire in New York, 6. 92 n ; command there, letter, 121 n , 24. 220 n , 224; royal governor, 18. 170; André, 20. 102, 103, 111 n , 131, 134 n ; New Jersey line mutiny, 21. 155; commission returned to, 22. 76 n , 78; to Virginia, 135, 140, 144; Huddy reprisal, 24. 220, 221, 243 n .

Robertson, Adj . ( Gen .) James, court-martial, 11. 56, 57; service, 56 n ; military command (1795), 34. 242 n .

Robertson, John. See Robinson.

Robertson, Lieut . Tully, court-martial, cashiered, 8. 211.

Robertson, William,* pass to Canada, 26. 311.

Robeson County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 236, 32. 311.

Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore de, fall, 34. 10.

Robey, Richard, army appointment, 37. 242 n .

“Robin,” boyhood letter to, 1. 15.

Robins, Jonathan (John), unfit recruit, 24. 452.

Robins, Tavern, N. J., 12. 120 n , 122.

Robinson, —, shipmaster. See Robson.

Robinson, —, of Virginia, rescued prisoner, advance to, 4. 197, 198.

Robinson, —, of Virginia, Washington's account, 29. 228.

Robinson, —, of Pennsylvania, miller, 31. 472, 483.

Robinson, Lieut . —, Massachusetts recruiting service, 24. 177.

Robinson, Ann,* affair, 17. 35, 36.

Robinson, Col . Beverley,* Washington at New York (1756), 1. 298, 299; sketch, 299 n ; Fairfax, 2. 182; Carlyle, 282; goods for Washington, 383, 400; Stewart, 399, 400; ships at Highlands, 5. 268; house as hospital and post, 12. 302, 13. 171, 295, 296; inspection, 16. 467; office, 467 n ; parole of sons, 19. 250; house as headquarters, letters from, 278–286, 20. 84–94, 97–99, 37. 551.

Robinson, Capt . Caleb, brigade major and inspector, 22. 373, 25. 367; service, 22. 373 n , 25. 367 n ; officer of the day, 22. 398, 420, 442, 471, 494.

Robinson, Christopher, Peachy affair, 2. 131 n .

Robinson, Ensign Frederick Philipse, parole, 19. 250 n .

Robinson, Capt . Isaiah,* Delaware River defense, 9. 427, 428; flag of truce incident, 11. 129, 165, 247, 395, 458, 491, 13. 28; water transportation, 11. 395.

Robinson, James, of Pennsylvania, court-martial, 9. 121.

Robinson, James, dragoon, court-martial, capital penalty, 17. 87.

Robinson, John,* Virginia treasurer, refund due Washington, 1. 113; troops and war finances, 190, 305, 315, 332, 424, 429–435, 529, 2. 53, 54, 86–88, 155; discipline, 1. 331, 531–533; frontier forts, Cumberland, 332–336, 338–340, 427, 428 n , 500–506, 527–529; letters: on regular commissions, 387 n ; on Dinwiddie, 2. 155 n ; on Forbes expedition, 283 n ;—deserters, 1. 428, 504, 2. 85; militia, 1. 499; military laws, 504; Indians, 2. 42, 52; Gist, 85; on Assembly's thanks to Washington, 318 n ; Washington on, 400; Mrs. Custis's affairs, 477; estate, proposed Custis purchase, 3. 164; French land, 29. 17, 20, 31. 171; character, 37. 179.

Robinson, Col . John (?), Massachusetts militia, and an exchange, 4. 43; occupation of Charlestown, 421; alarm post after Boston evacuation, 436.

Robinson, John, Pennsylvania loyalist, arrest, 10. 506.

Robinson, Michael, Fredericksburg lots, 33. 387.

Robinson, Capt . Morris, parole, 19. 250 n .

Robinson, Lieut . Noah (?), assaulted 11. 156.

Robinson, Peter, of Virginia, 2. 400.

Robinson, Peter, of artillery, court-martial, capital punishment, reprieve, 15. 49, 63.

Robinson, Sir Thomas, letter to, 1. 161 n .

Robinson, Maj . ( Lieut. Col .) Thomas, at courts-martial, 7. 483, 27. 16; service, 7. 483 n , 18. 143 n , 19. 502 n , 20. 186 n ; court-martialed, reprimand, 18. 143, 144; officer of the day, 249, 297, 345, 19. 502, 20. 186, 349; maneuvers, 18. 290, 423.

Robinson, William, court-martial, capital penalty, 24. 310, 311, 25. 91, 252.

Robinson, Sanderson and Rumney, flagstones, 28. 426, 453.

Robinsons Ferry, Hudson River, guard, 17. 206.

Robinsons House. See Robinson, Beverley.

Robinsons Mill, N. Y., 13. 325; route by, 15. 409; winter quarters, 20. 337, 401, 416.

Robinsons Mill, Pa. (?), 9. 475.

Robinsons Stores, N. Y., detachment, 15. 312.

Robison, John, Proofs of a Conspiracy , 36. 452 n .

Robson (Robinson), —, shipmaster, 2. 369, 372, 380, 464.

Robust , H. M. S., 17. 56, 231, 19. 180 n ; condemned, 23. 192.

Rochambeau, Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de, return to France, 20. 290, 414, 21. 246, 247; service, 20. 290 n ; expected, 21. 427.

Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de,* coming of force hinted, 18. 348, 351 n ; British and coming, 352 n , 353, 354, 19. 65 n ; plan for congressional committee, 18. 356–358, 396, 408; confidential information on coming and plans, 360, 363, 366–368; preparations for cooperations, New York as objective (1780), 364, 365, 370–373, 383, 384, 386, 396, 397, 399, 400, 403, 407, 411, 413, 414, 423, 426, 441, 446, 455–461, 481–485, 19. 122, 156–158, 162, 382–385; liaison, 18. 375, 410; and southern operations, 376, 377, 398, 20. 480–484, 21. 53, 77, 103, 219, 299, 301, 23. 194, 195, 493, 24. 1, 3, 73; rumored arrival on coast, 18. 402, 410; medical preparations, 410, 411, 419, 467, 19. 93, 95, 177, 178; circular to states on cooperation, 18. 416–419, 468–470, 504–506; failure of cooperative plans, reason, result, 435, 438, 439, 509, 20. 15, 35, 150, 267; force, expected, actual, needed, needed funds, 18. 457, 483, 19. 211, 219, 20. 6, 57, 77, 78, 24. 124; matériel, preparations, protection, contracts, 18. 459–461, 468, 496–499, 22. 43–45, 54, 56–58, 60, 23. 16, 35, 24. 7, 355, 356, 426, 25. 244, 245; requisites, 18. 465, 466; Heath as adviser, 468, 19. 92, 93, 388, 390, 20. 97; express, 18. 471, 19. 177, 178, 281, 283, 285, 345, 417, 444, 449, 20. 143, 415, 457, 477, 21. 121, 162, 163, 173, 23. 131, 347, 435; proclamation to Canadians, 18. 476; Washington's promise to La Luzerne on cooperation, 481; council of war on plans, 482–485; horses for force, 497, 22. 328; dispatches for, maps, 19. 144, 145, 251; arrival at Newport, reception, letter, 171, 176, 177, 184, 196, 197, 205, 211, 211 n , 215, 219, 267; Washington's greeting, 185–187, 215; Washington and conference, 219, 237, 383 n , 422; general orders on arrival, 220; British threat, American counter, 223, 268, 269, 281, 325, 339, 383, 422, 494, 20. 29, 59; borrowing military stores from, 19. 237; second division, blockaded, hope of arrival, 267, 326. 339, 443, 495, 20. 6, 8, 9 n , 34, 39, 57, 457, 481–484, 21. 7, 18, 108, 22. 170; criticism of position, 19. 283; German deserters, 384, 389; Washington on relations and services, 423, 20. 275, 23. 242, 245, 246, 26. 354, 416, 417, 27. 218, 317, 28. 255, 338, 342, 492, 29. 251, 360; St. Louis Day celebration, 19. 444; prisoners of war, 446; works, expense, militia, 460, 20. 12, 21. 336; visit of Indians, letter, 19. 495, 496 n ; winter quarters, 20. 12, 180, 255, 357, 457, 21. 77; Hartford conference, substance, Washington's answer to queries, 20. 16, 42–45, 48, 51, 76–80; and winter union on Hudson, 56, 80, 137; American line troops with, 151, 228, 285, 410, 415, 444, 21. 49, 53; artillery, 20. 172, 179, 21. 440, 22. 58 n , 61; countersigns and paroles honoring, 20. 257, 22. 332, 23. 37, 152, 239, 251, 25. 27, 158; tampered dispatches, 20. 332; officers on visits, 343, 357, 397, 403, 404, 406, 415, 434–436, 456, 457, 477, 499, 500, 507, 21. 136, 137 n , 149, 226, 229, 440; Spanish cooperation, 20. 474; at Boston, siege works, 21. 8; news, 18; Washington's visit: plans, delay, 121, 198, 217, 220, 224, 226, 232, 239, 248, 262, 265, 286, 296, 313, 37. 553; journey, expenses, route, 21. 322, 325, 327, 328, 328 n ; return, Washington's thanks, 336, 339, 347, 348; address, 37. 553;—Laurens's mission, 21. 122; and Destouches Virginia expeditions, letters, 197 n , 231 n , 279 n , 322, 328, 333, 338, 345, 347, 349, 373, 397, 438; Washington's birthday, celebration, letter, 217 n , 286, 24. 19; visit of French volunteers, introductions, 21. 226 n ; Howe's introduction, 239 n ; volunteers for Lafayette's expedition, 293, 359; British designs against Lauzun's corps, 295; readiness, 313; aides, 328 n , 22. 29 n , 23. 425 n , 25. 26 n , 388 n ; attitude of Newport, 21. 331; on French subsidy, letter, 338 n ; proposed Penobscot expedition, 351, 441, 442, 24. 500 n , 25. 6; proposed march to Hudson, postponed, 21. 426–428, 0106 587 466; Tallmadge's plan, 434–436, 22. 12, 12 n ; thanks of Congress, 21. 458 n ; transports to France, convoy, 467, 22. 155, 207, 210; barrackmaster, 21. 487, 22. 54, 63 n ; Wethersfield conference, letter, front ., 80, 85–87, 91, 94, 95, 97, 100, 103–107, 119, 143, 146, 30. 26; route of march, 22. 11–13; Washington's intercepted letter criticizing Destouches, 16, 17; on Grasse and joint plan, letter, 206 n , 208 n ; Memoirs , 208 n ; and proposed surprise attack, 324, 331; headquarters before New York, 351; reconnoiter in force, 394 n , 410 n , 415; security of Newport, 473; letter to Grasse, 23. 11 n ; and Washington on Yorktown march, 25, 50, 59, 83 n , 107 n , 111; at Washington's headquarters, dinner, on reception, 25, 25. 157 n , 371, 398, 401, 404; queries answered on Yorktown plans, 23. 35–37; route for funds, 35; at Mount Vernon, 110; order of battle, 147; Yorktown capitulation, 242 n ; winter quarters in Virginia, 281, 297, 311, 313, 325, 360, 368; Yorktown horses and goods, 314, 315; death of Custis, 367; cartel amp, 377, 380; flag shipments, 378, 379, 496; possible movement against (1782), 416; exchanges, 446, 497; 1782 plans, uncertainty, 449, 24. 225, 382, 383, 410; Yorktown trophies, presentation cannon, 23. 494, 25. 141, 145, 149, 153, 453, 491–493, 26. 60 n ; British hospital at Gloucester, 23. 497; American hospital, 24. 19; and revolt of Virginia officers, 28; position of army after Yorktown, 80; Philadelphia conference, 81, 382–384, 411, 414, 422, 425, 432, 433, 471; compliments of officers to Washington, 178; French favors to army, 224; expected movement, militia protection of left stores, 222, 223, 226, 381; northern march, route, and peace negotiations, 411, 434, 435 n , 473, 25. 6, 26–28, 115, 144, 149; American ordnance and stores in Virginia, letter, 24. 430, 431, 431 n ; letter to, opened, 463; reunion of armies, 25. 151 n , 157, 157 n , 159, 167, 169, 170, 179, 279, 37. 558; American salutes to officers, 25. 172; camp, forage conditions, 181, 216; intercourse, 250; Washington and internal affairs of army, 276; army and civil authorities, 276, 277; departure of army for Boston, 279, 290, 297; harmony of armies, 279; and British naval movements, 317; in Rhode Island on march, 353, sailing of army to West Indies, Washington's farewell, 404, 405, 425, 433, 445, 447, 26. 7; Washington's personal farewell, 25. 427, 428; return to France, 434, 26. 417; disposal and departure of final detachment, 354, 370, 416; and Washington's visit to France, 27. 190, 219; Cincinnati, 194, 210 n , 404, 404 n , 500, 28. 273, 31. 322, 32. 51; civil introductions to, 27. 265 n , 28. 91, 29. 230 n , 237 n , 275 n , 503, 30. 134, 142, 31. 38 n ; invitation to Mount Vernon, 27. 317; Picardy appointment, 458; L'Enfant and Cincinnati eagles, 28. 447 n ; Asgill affair, 452; news of (1797), 35. 469. See also Destouches; New York City; New York joint campaign; Ternay; Yorktown.

Rochambeau, Jeanne Thérèse (Tellez d'Acosta), comtesse de,* Cincinnati, 31. 322.

Rochambeau Papers, material from, 22. 499 n .

Rochampton , detained, 33. 118.

Roch, Mrs . —, of Philadelphia, Mrs. Washington as lodger, 16. 472 n .

Roche, Lieut . John, armed vessel, 4. 304.

Rochefermoy, Gen . Mathieu Alexis de,* arrival, 6. 326; service, 326 n ; brigade, New Jersey campaign, 343, 364, 365 n , 370 n ; Trenton, 439 n , 37, 537; in division, 6. 454; to Ticonderoga, 7. 486, 8. 6; failure, sidetracking, 485.

Rochefontaine, Capt . Etienne Nicolas Marie Béchet, chevalier de,* West Point works, 15. 442, 16. 328; service, 328 n ; Kings Ferry redoubts, 17. 150; quarters controversy, 437; bears letters, 18. 373, 19. 215; advanced-line works, 18. 373, 326, 388; liaison with Rochambeau, 411; fascines, 2. 500; Howe trial, 25. 423; promotion, 24. 43; survey of winter quarters, 25. 320; repairs at Verplancks Point, 379; certificate, 27. 112; Washington's commendation, 233; arsenal site, 34. 335, 381.

Rochester, Ulster Co., N. Y, frontier route, 13. 87 n ; troops at, 276.

Rock, Thomas, court-martial, 25. 424.

Rock Creek, Va., military supplies, 1. 174, 463.

Rock Hall, Md., Washington at, 27. 405, 406, 409.

Rock Landing, Ga., Indian negotiations, 30. 384; federal post, 31. 32.

Rockaway Bridge, N. J., route by, 17. 111 n , 19. 52, 63; headquarters, orders and letters from, 55–60.

Rockbridge County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Rockets, request, 22. 273.

Rockerrs silver mine, 35. 141 n .

Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, marquis of, death and peace prospects, 25. 151, 180, 195, 273.

Rockingham County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 237, 32. 312.

Rockingham County, Va., excise survey, 31. 239 n .

Rockwood, Joseph, court-martial, 4. 63.

Rocky Hill, N. J., advised post, 8. 232 n , 244; quartered soldiers, 19. 493; route by, 23. 42; headquarters, letters from, 27. 114–239.

Rocky Mount, N. C., arsenal, 37. 45.

Rodgers, John, New York loyalist, 5. 441.

Rodgers, Rev . John,* Bibles for troops, 27. 1; poor relief, 30. 467; chart, 31. 109.

Rodgers, Silas, court-martial, 25. 424.

Rodney, Gen . ( Pres .) Caesar,* Parke, 3. 456; thanks for services, 7. 160; militia in Philadelphia campaign, 9. 184–186, 195 n , 202, 210; wintering horses, 14. 26; Delaware officers, 18. 501; circulars to, 19. 104 n , 105 n , 449 n ; militia for campaign (1780), 267; troops for 1781, 22. 172 n ; Yorktown siege supplies, 23. 81, 82.

Rodney, Adm . George Brydges, baron , fleet at New York, 20. 49 n , 58, 64, 138, 22. 474, 488, 37. 551; sailing, destination, 20. 289, 291, 346, 347, 364; defeat of Spanish fleet, 18. 241; West Indies, 19. 389; defeat of Grasse, 24. 271, 294, 315, 382, 409, 432.

Rodney, Richard S., acknowledgment to, 10. 497 n .

Roe, Cornelius McDermott, masonry agreement, 28. 504 n .

Roe, Capt . Jesse, court-martial, 8. 245; service, 245 n ; company, 9. 88 n .

Roebuck , H. M. S., at New York, movements, 6. 184, 190, 193, 196, 198, 371, 9. 422 n , 423 n , 430, 16. 410, 17. 231, 18. 180, 19. 180 n .

Roelker, William, acknowledgment to, 27. 79 n .

Rogers, Col . —, McHenry, 24. 432.

Rogers, Lieut . ( Adj .) Hezekiah, court-martial, 11. 272; Huntington's aides, 22. 335; service, 335 n .

Rogers, John, Maryland chancellor, death, 30. 471.

Rogers, Ensign ( Lieut .) John, of Rhode Island, abused, 18. 144; service, 144 n , 19. 110 n , 25. 226 n ; adjutant, resigns, 19. 110, 25. 226.

Rogers, Jonathan, parole breaker, 15. 414.

Rogers, Nathaniel, office, 31 150.

Rogers, Maj . ( Lieut. Col .) Nicholas,* bears letter, 8. 323; aide, 323 n , 13. 442; brevet, resignation, 442 n ; miniature of Mrs. Washington, 15. 175; Pine, 28. 388; hawthorn for Mount Vernon, 29. 217; as officer, 36. 334.

Rogers, Maj . Robert, reported St. Johns exploit, 4. 158 n , 175, 252; arrest, 5. 184; loyalist corps. 6. 136, 153, 301 n , 309, 7. 403, 410, 9. 241; capture desired, 7. 410; exchange, 22. 22.

Rogers, Rev . William,* chaplaincy, 13. 388 n .

Rogers, Maj . Zebdiel,* regiment brigaded, 6. 207; British at Mamaroneck, 221; army supplies, 13. 277 n .

Rogers , 2. 438.

Rogerson, Thomas, mulatto, inquiry for, 7. 451.

Rollers, use on farm, 34. 134, 171, 35. 504.

Rollins, Thomas, court-martial, 4. 89.

Rolls. See Returns.

Roman Catholic Church, Maryland priests and French, 1. 499, 506; Quebec Act, 3. 87 n ; conduct toward. in Canada, 492, 495; order against Guy Fawkes day, 4. 65; hostile attitude in Canada, 495 n ; Recollect and intelligence from Canada, 17. 314, address, 31. 22 n ; members in American Revolution, 22 n .

Romand de Lisle, Charles Noel François, foreign volunteer, Washington's dilemma 7. 133.

Romans, Capt . Bernard, complaint against, 5. 45, 47; artillery company, 9. 167 n .

Rome, George, Church affair, 4. 10.

Romeyn, Rev . Dirck,* intelligence, 20. 286.

Romulus , H. M. S., 16. 43, 19. 180 n ; French capture, 21. 247 n , 309, 313, 386.

Ronald, William, Annapolis Convention, 28. 422 n ; Virginia finances, 29. 312.

Roofing material, Valley Forge, 10. 180; for federal capital, 31. 427. See also Shingles; Thatch.

Rooney, Peter, court-martial, capital penalty, 20. 96.

Roorbach, Garret, barrackmaster, 5. 500.

Root, —, delivers horses, 35. 399.

Root, Col . Aaron, and line command, 7. 85.

Root, Jesse,* bears letter, 5. 390; militia, 391; Congress, committee, 13. 485 n , 14. 254 n , 343 n , 21. 2 n .

Root, Richard. See Routt.

Rootes. See Roots.

Roots, Capt . John, military land grant, Washington acquires, 13. 463, 27. 321, 326, 364, 36. 377, 37. 82, 299 n .

Roots, Philip,* land, 37. 82.

Roots of scarcity. See Mangelwurzel.

Rope, of hair, 33. 205. See also Cordage.

Ropemakers, sought in army, 7. 203, 204.

Roper, —, of Virginia, clover seed, 28. 377.

Rose, —, of Virginia, Mercer affairs, 3. 206.

Rose, Lieut . —, of Pennsylvania (?), bears letter, 27. 153.

Rose, Jacob, court-martial, 8. 177.

Rose, Dr . Robert, on need of clothing, 23. 220; service, 220 n .

Rose. H. M. S., raid, 3. 503 n ; ascent to Tappan Bay, fight, return, 5. 264, 265, 269, 271, 272, 275–278, 281–283, 288, 292–294, 296, 297, 301, 306, 306 n , 313, 326, 330, 340, 341, 343, 359, 363, 370, 373, 446, 450, 452, 454, 457–459, 464, 470, 473; East River, 6. 54.

Rose water, making, 32. 459.

Rosecrantz, N. Y., winter post, 13. 322.

Rosegill, Wormeley estate, 37. 431.

Rosekrans, Maj . James, acting brigade inspector, 20. 13; service, 13 n ; officer of the day, 63, 83, 113; Iroquois, 32. 116.

Rosenbach, Abraham S. W., acknowledgment to, 2. 182 n .

Roses Tavern, Md., 23. 108 n .

Ross, —, of Virginia, account, 3. 103.

Ross, —, of Virginia, plot, 20. 358.

Ross, Maj . —, British officer, on enlistment of prisoners of war, 15. 9 n .

Ross, Alexander, of artillery, detail, 18. 162.

Ross, Maj . Alexander, British army, Yorktown capitulation, 23. 240 n , 242 n .

Ross, Dr . David,* provisions at Fort Cumberland, 2. 74, 79, 95, 129, 129 n , 153; Forbes expedition route, 255; sells servant, 442; nonimportation, 500; dragoon clothing, 23. 221; office, 221 n ; provisions, 257; recaptured slaves, 262, 265; draft, 279; preemption of Yorktown goods, 314, 315, 354, 375, 376, 378, 379, 496; articles for hospital, 328; presents for Cherokees, 338; Annapolis Convention, 28. 422 n ; Mercer-Hamilton affair, 32. 193; federal district accounts, 33. 85.

Ross, Maj . David [2?], commission, 6. 491; service, 491 n , 10. 117 n ; court-martialed, 117; at court-martial, 122.

Ross, Edward, shipmaster, 24. 68 n .

Ross, George, of Pennsylvania, Congress, committees, 6. 290 n , 7. 108 n .

Ross, Lieut . George, of New Jersey, court-martial, 8. 59; resigns, 59 n .

Ross, Hector,* Posey debt, 2. 507, 511, 524–527.

Ross, Horatio, draft, 33. 261, 271.

Ross, Capt . ( Maj ., Lieut. Col .) James,* company, 5. 95; promotion, 7. 326; Washington's Pennsylvania land, 29. 15, 327, 424, 437, 33. 403–406, 448, 451, 456, 457, 497, 34. 88, 89, 122, 142, 220, 222, 242, 281, 282, 288–290, 297, 298, 35. 22, 90, 131–133, 273, 274, 302, 461, 482, 485, 56. 23–25, 68, 107, 132, 137, 138, 164, 372, 475, 476, 480, 37. 251–253, 579, 580; Whiskey Insurrection, 33. 461 n , 34. 9; Washington's frontier lands, 89–91; power of attorney, 290 n ; confidential papers, 35. 75 n ; on conditions in House, letter, 36. 164 n ; candidacy, 37. 400.

Ross, Maj . John, of New Jersey, at court-martial, 15. 131; service, 131 n , 19. 221 n ; officer of the day, 112, 141, 502; maneuvers, 126; absent, 221.

Ross, Maj . John, British army, Oswego, 25. 107.

Ross, John, of Maryland, federal district accounts, 33. 74; reported death, 128, 129.

Ross, Joseph, court-martial, 22. 486.

Ross Mill, Va., 1. 294.

Roster of duty for officers, 3. 428.

Rotation in cropping, at Mount Vernon, 29. 243, 247, 297, 298, 416, 30. 49–51, 152, 231, 31. 37 n , 185 n , 32. 237, 301, 494, 33. 98, 157, 188, 208, 235–239, 245, 252, 253, 285, 300, 344, 395, 425, 466, 34. 11, 12, 52, 57, 72, 73, 78, 102, 111, 323, 35. 257, 356, 376, 384, 501, 37. 1, 460, 461–472; grass after corn, 31. 337; Bordley's book, 32. 142; English system, 217; schedules, 33. 224–230, 37. 464; pea fallow, 33. 526 n ; in leasing terms, 34. 443, 445; peas and wheat, 35. 268–270; not accomplished, 36. 285; basis on corn crop, 37. 1; importation of seed, quality, 458.

Rotherham plow, 2. 421.

Rotterdam , H. M. S., 24. 21.

Rough Creek, Ky., Washington's land, plan, 30. 181, 34. 95, 158, 248, 249, 326, 327, 415, 439, 35. 380, 381, 426, 36. 119–121, 159, 160, 192, 193, 250, 338, 350, 351, 37. 156, 299, 320–322.

Round, Amos, under-age recruit, 24. 452.

Round Bottom, W. Va. (Va.), Washington's land, rival claim, 3. 104, 30. 39, 40, 231, 273, 31. 486, 37. 497; described, disposal, value, 22. 194–196, 27. 331, 28. 128, 155–157, 221, 295, 480, 29. 345, 470, 33. 377, 378, 408, 409, 34. 289, 438, 440, 441, 36. 132, 133, 135, 158, 317, 336, 337, 391–393, 439, 37. 297; plat, 33. 381.

Roundabouts, N. J., 8. 279.

Rounds Amos, of Jackson's regiment, court-martial, capital penalty, pardon, 17. 346, 18. 3. See also Round, Amos.

Rousby, Ann (Frisby), Mrs. Fitzhugh, 16. 341 n .

Rousilles, Pierre,* claim, 29. 358.

Routt, Ensign Richard, court-martial, 9. 303.

Rouville, —, of St. Johns, exchange, 7. 185.

Rouvroy, Claude Anne de. See Saint-Simon.

Rover ( Raven ?), H. M. S., 7. 5.

Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, incident, 34. 247, 247 n .

Rowan, Lieut . Robert, command, 35. 170.

Rowan County, N. C., excise survey, 31. 237, 32. 312.

Rowe. See also Rue.

Rowe, —, house in Clove, 15. 297.

Rowland, Capt . —, of Virginia(?), experiments, 9. 355.

Rowland, Zachariah, office, 31. 125.

Rowley, John, court-martial, 8. 269.

Rowley, Dr . William,* gift, 34. 273 n .

Rowlwagen, Lieut . Frederick, court-martial, cashiered, 7. 19, 412.

Roxborough, Pa., headquarters, orders and letters from, 9. 17, 18, 25–54, 211–225.

Roxburgh, Maj . Alexander, Yorktown: fatigue, 23. 176; trench materials, 205; officer of the day, 283; service, 283 n ; at court-martial, 320.

Roxbury, Mass., post, intelligence, 3. 318, 319, 322, 328, 333, 515; exploit, 321 n .

Roy, Dr . ( Ensign, Lieut .) James,* commission, 1. 295; Fort Cumberland, 380; assignment, 454; rank, 2. 56; council of war, 63; escort of Indians, 149, 37. 478.

Royal American Regiment, raising, 1. 418 n ; enlistment of Virginia Regiment deserters, 444, 515, 516, 518, 519, 524, 2. 14; enlisting servants, 1. 461, 471; Virginia recruiting, 466 n , 471; Forbes expedition, Bouquet, 2. 210 n , 226 n ; movements (1782), 25. 434.

Royal Fuzileers, officer, 28. 347 n .

Royal Gazette , copies to Congress, information from, 14. 302, 394 n . See also Rivington, James.

Royal George , H. M. S., capture, 16. 460 n .

Royal Gift, jackass. See Asses.

Royal Horse Guards, officer, 19. 222 n .

Royal Institute, London, material from, 11. 458 n .

Royal North Carolina Volunteers, officer, 26. 178 n .

Royal Oak , H. M. S., movements, 19. 180, 29. 359, 396, 402, 416, 23. 346 n .

Royal Refugees, 10. 476.

Royal Scotch Emigrants, 13. 24 n .

Royall, Isaac, house as Sullivan's headquarters, 4. 340.

Rucker, —, to France, introduction, 29. 250 n .

Rudder, Lieut . Epaphroditus, deposition, 15. 359; service, 359 n .

Ruddock, John,* military stores, deputy commissary, 21. 505, 25. 172, 370; detained arms, 24. 304 n , 316.

Rudolph, Capt . ( Maj .) John,* Powles Hook fund, 16. 431; and civil authority, 23, 414 n .

Rudolph, Capt . Michael, bears letters, 15. 487, 17. 330; service, 15. 487 n , 16. 156 n ; Powles Hook, reward, 156, 157, 433; irregular impressment, 19. 402, 493; equipments for Lee's corps, 20. 245.

Rudulph, Tobias, Head of Elk magazine, 11. 407.

Rue, Capt . —, Pennsylvania militia, 11. 284.

Rueff, A. E., acknowledgment to, 25. 343 n .

Ruffins Ferry, Va., Washington at, 23. 113 n , 338 n ; route by, 167 n , 221; location 221 n ; road survey, 332.

Ruffles, orders, 2. 161, 168, 331, 335, 369.

Rugely, Maj . Henry, letter to, 20. 194 n .

Rugely, Col . Rowland, loyalist force, surrender, 21. 64.

Rugs, for troops, 1. 211, 426. See also Blankets.

Rules of Civility, 1. 1 n .

Rum, colonial military need, 2. 228; for Mount Vernon, 437, 522, 3. 25, 98, 213, 256, 28. 316, 327, 381; army need, supply, impressment, issue, 5. 407, 436, 15. 309, 16. 3, 17, 270, 412, 19. 88, 109, 113, 20. 12, 147, 171, 22. 6, 66, 182, 209, 312, 338, 339, 366, 405, 467; West Indies rumors and price, 13. 192; fatigue issue, 16. 34, 255, 256 n , 19. 364; wet-weather issue. 16. 149: in ration, 320, 22. 246, for cooperation with Estaing, 16. 446, 447; for guards, 18. 15, 19. 172; unauthorized order, 18. 135, 136; specific supplies, 159, 160, 253, 317, 318, 20. 451 n , 465; on prizes, 276, 276 n ; from merchants' association, 19. 150, 151; transfer to main army, 446; irregularities in tissue, proportions, 463, 478, 492; graft, 20. 200, 201; issue on rearrangement of army, 21. 38; transportation, 451, 455; to frontier, 22. 347, 23. 4; wine as substitute declined, 22. 380; Yorktown campaign, 23. 1, 144, 163, 185, 279; borrowed, 2; hospital, 328; under contract, 402, 24. 440; officers' ration, 59; issue for dauphin celebration, 300; for Fourth of July, 397; impressed without payment, 25. 360; Thanksgiving ration, 375; as reward for good work, 411; for French alliance anniversary, 26. 101; sale to soldiers, 446; decreased consumption, 30. 45; trade deprecated, 162, 163; for harvest, 259, 32. 474. See also Liquor.