NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 11, 1858. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, PUBLISHED WEEKLY At No. 128 Fulton street, (Sun Buildings,), New York, BY 1VITJNN & CO. 0. D. MUNE, S. H. WALES, A. E. BEACH. Responsible Agents may also be found in all the principal cities and towns of the United States. Sampson Low, Son & Co., the Americ n Booksellers, 47 Ludgate Hill, Londen, Rug., are the British Agents to receive subscriptions for the SCIENTIFIC A EBuJAN. single copies of the paper are on sale at the office of publication, and at all the periodical stores in this city, Brooklyn and Jersey City. TERMSTwo Dollars per annumOne Dollar in advance, and the remainder in six months. It See Prospectus on last page. No Traveling Agents employed. New Circular Sawing lilachine. This invention Consists in sawing rectangular pieces of timber, laths and strips for varions pnrposes direct from the log, by arranging a pair of circular saws at right angles to each other, and operating and adjusting them in such a manner as to enable them to act to- gether at the same time, and any desired sized strip to be cnt from the log by the sim- plo act of moving the log in either direction under the saws. Our illustration represents a perspective view of the machine, in which A is the lower horizontal frame, on one end of which is erect- ed another frame, B, consisting of four verti- cal posts secured by cap pieces at top, and having a horizontal transverse rising and fall- ing frame, C, in front, provided with V-shaped guides, c d, which frame is arranged on a transversely moving frame, D. To the front part of the frame, D, are secured boxes in which is suspended the.. Veitical shaft, G, of the horizontal circular saw, II, which receives its motion from a band passing around a pulley near the upper end of the saw shaft, and around a horizontal transvetse drum, E, whose journals turn in suitable boxes, F, at the rear of the machine. Immediately below the vertical frame, D, and slightly in the rear of the saw shaft, G, is arranged a horizontal transverse shaft, I, which turns in suitable boxes se- cured to the lower part part of said frame, D, on the end of which horizontal shaft is se- cured a vertical circular saw, J, correspond- ing in every respect with the saw, H, but ar- ranged at right angles to it, with the cutting edges of the two in such relation to each other as to cut out a perfect right angle from the log when operated. The saw, J, is driven by a band passing around a pulley on its shaft, and around the drum,.X, at the rear of the machine, and the edge of the two saws, saws, H J, are adjusted to the proper relation to each other, by silding the boxes of the ver- tical shafts, G, in vertical grooves formed in dovetail tongued blocks, which have a hori- zontal movement in grooves formed in project- ing pieces secured to the frame, D ; suitable screws being provided to secure them at the desired positions. The horizontal frame, C, and its attachments, have an up and down movement over suitable ways or guides, a, by means of vertical screw rods, K, secured in suitable boxes in front of the upright front posts of the frame, B, and passing through female screws formed in or secured to the ends of the frame, G, which screw shafts, K, have bevel cog wheels, L, on their upper ends, which mash in gear with corresponding bevel cog wheels, M, secured in the ends of hon- ontal shafts, 0, having similar cog wheels, z at their opposite ends which mash in gear ~ with similar bevel cog wheels, L, at this end, which also mash in gear with the bevel cog wheels in a horizontal transverse shaft, on which is secured a pulley, P, having loose pulleys, P P, on either side of it. Around these pulleys pass bands, Q Q, one of which is twisted, and both of which pas.s around a pulley or drum, R, on the main horizontal driving shaft, S, which shaft is also provided at its end with a band wheel for receiving the motive power band, and a smaller pulley, T, around which ia passed a band, U, also p& ss- ing around a pulley. V, turning loosely on the horizontal transverse slafts which give the required traversing movement to the log carriage, by respectively transferring it from the loose pulley to either of the pulleys, W, secured respectively upon the hollow shaft by which the carriage is moved in one direction, and upon the shaft which passes through the same for giVing a reverse movement to the carriage. The vertical frame, D, and its attachments, is moved transversely in order to regulate the width of the piece of timber to be cut, by means of a horizontal bar, b, passing through guide openings in ears secured to the end of the frame, C, and the back of the frame, D, and having a handle, e, at its end, by which with the aid of a clamp screw, f, a traversing movement can be given it, the distance be- tween the shoulders secured on it, and the guiding ear at one end arranged between said shoulders, in the following manner: Suppose it is desired to increase the width of the board or strip of timber to be cut from the log, the clamp screw is pressed upon the rod, i, and the said rod is drawn outward by its handle, as far as the shoulder on it between the guide ear near its end, and the frame, D, will per- mit, the said rod bringing with it the frame, D, circular saws and other attachments. The screw, f, is then unclamped, and the rod, b, is forced pas~t it in a reverse direction until the shoulder on said rod, between the guide ear and handle, is again in contact with said ear, when the screw, A is again clamped on the rod, b, and the operation repeated until the frame, D, and saws, H J, are move i the re- quired distance when the screw f is firmly clamped upon the rod, b, to secure the frame, D. From a careful perusal of the foregoing de- scription, the operation will be readily under- stood. The motive power is applied to the shaft, 5, and from it power is transmitted re- spectively to the wheels, V W W, as occasion may require, by the band, V, its transfer to either being effected by the bar, and lever, Z, so as to give a motion either way to the carriage and log or timber from which the slats are to be cut. In case it is desired to raise or lower the horizontal frame, C, and saws, H J, and other attachments, one of the bands, Q Q, as the case may be, is transferred from the loose pulleys, P P, to the pulley, P, until the gage bar at the end of the frame, C, indicates on the graduated plate the desired hight, when both hands, Q Q, are again made to surround the loose pulleys, P P. This machine, to whose efficient action we can testify from personal observation, was patented December 29, 1857, byE. H. Dewitt, of Xenia, Ohio, and any further information can be had by addressing B. N. Strong, D. B. Tiffany, and Dr. J. G. Kyle, Xenia, Ohio, or Daniel Strong, Wethersfield, Coan. Tanneries. According to official statistics there are 6,263 tanneries in the United States, of which the south has about one-third. Pennsylvania alone has nearly one-sixth part of the whole number, or 1,039. The southern States rank in the following order :Tennessee has 394; Virginia, 341; Kentucky, 275; North Caro- lina, 151; Alabama, 149; Missouri, 148; Georgia, 140; Maryland, 116; Mississippi, 92; South Carolina, 91; Arkansas, 51; and the other southern States a less number each. The entire capital invested in all the tanner- ies in the land is $18,900,557, the number of skins in them being 2,658,065, and the num- ber of sides of leather counting up 12,257,940. THE ADVOCATE OF INDUSTRY, AND JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC, MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS. DEWITTS CIRCULAR SAWING MACHINE. 2 Issued from time Umilted States Patent Office FOR TIlE W K ENDING AUGUST 31, 1858. [1?spsrtes2 efheishlg fee the Isis tufts Amerisese. Circulars giving full particulars of the mode of ap- plying for patents, size of model required, and much other information useful to inventors, may be had gratis by addressing MUNN & CO., Puhlishers of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, New York. COUPLING FOR BALE HoopsJohn Agnew, of Colum- bia, S. C. I claim the socket, A, provided with the double taper opening, a, in connection with the loops, b b, at the ends, B B, of the hoops, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. IIcLL5IDE PLOWSH. S. Akins, of Speedeville, N. Y.: I do not claim, broadly, the colnbination of the rever- sible mold hoard with the adjustable colter. But I claim, first, The reversible moidhoard and ccl- ter in combination with a reversible clevis in the man- ner and for the purposes substantially as described. Second, Attaching the hook, L, to the lever, I, which operates the colter, B. thereby making tise operation of reversing the hook, adjusting the miter and fastening both the moldboard and colter in their respective posi- tions by one and the same hook, and at one operation as set forth. Third, The reversible chain clevis, 0, for the pur- pose of producing reversible side draft, when connected and operated in the manner substantially as described, MACHINE FOR CLEANING HosE, & o.John B. Alden, Jr., and E. L. Gates, of Worcester, Mass. We are aware that revolving brushes are not new, and do not claim such, as they isave been used, but only when con- structed and operating as described. We claim the combination and arrangement of the brushes, one or both of which is movable to and from the other during operation, and the rolls, F F I, when constructed and operating in the manner and for the purposes substantially as described. COTTON SEED PLANTERSH. P. Allen, of Bowling Green, Ky. I claim, first, The combination of the Isook, when arranged to reciprocate, with rotating hopper, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The tangentially set shelves when slotted and used on the inner circumference of a rotating hop- per, which has a continuous discharge passage, G, as specified, and for the purpose set forth. R OVING SPARKS FROM THE SMOKE STACKS OF Lo- CCMOTIvE ENGINESJacob A. Alter, of Johuslown, Pa.: I claim a scraper constructed and aevanged so as to scrape such parts of the spark arrester, smoke stack and chimney of locomotive engines and other furnaces as require cleaning. and clean them of the soot and Sparks substantially as described. I also claim in combination with the said scraper a ratchet wheel and pall or such equivalent device as will enable the fireman to operate said scraper by hand, or connect it to some part of the engine so that et will be operated by it, substantially as described. I also claim the pipe or sposst, K, for conducting the soot and sparks from the spark are~ester or smoke stac~e, substantially as described. SEWING MACHINx~~o1Om6n Andrews, of Perth Amboy, N. J.: I am asiars that the square or parallelo- gram motion hsss been employed for feeding the cloth in sewing machines, therefore I do not claim this move- ment. But I claim the combination of the wedge and lever piece, Fig. 7, and feeding foot, Fig. I, constructed and operating in the manner substantially as described for the purpose specified. SECURING PLANE IRONS TO TITE STOCKS OF BENCH PIANEsLeonal~J Baiie~, of Winchester, Mass. I claim the application an d arrangement of one or more bearers, F, the ciamp lever, G, and the thumb cam, ii, together and with respect to the top surface of the plane-iron and the bearing surface or cutter seat, d d, of the throat, substantially as represented and de- scribed. LOOMS FOR WEAvING SKIRT FRINGEJames Beck, of New York City: I claim the employment df shears in combination with the rod around which the fringe threads are carried, substantially as described, for the purpose of cutting the said threads on the rod, asset forth. UMHRELLASClsaries Boernicke, of Baltimore, Md. I claim constructing a pocket umbrella as described, consisting of rods, D D D 2, B F G, joint lever, n I p, collar piece, a3, rod, C, with projection, m, stick, A A A 2 A 3, provided with disks, a a 1 a 2. and lever, b. with springs, c, all combined and operated as set forth. SEEDING MACHINEST. J. Bottoms, of Thomasville, Ga. : I claim the eccentric pin, i, lever, d, spring, c, valve, m, spreader, n, rag pin, 1, slide, o, and hopper, b, the w ole arranged and operating as described for the purposes specified. PORTAISLE FENCEB. J. BroWn, of Perry, Pa.: I claim constructing a portable fence, without posts, by locking the panels togetherby means of dove-tailtenons and gains in the manner specified. Also, in combina- tion with the above, the use of right and left hand- screws, in the manner and for the purpose specified. SEED DRILLSO. H. S. Brumfield, of Centerville, Ind. : I am aware that revolving, teeth or arms have been used for clearers and applied to seeding machines. I am also aware that cutters and reciprocating bars have been employed for a simiar purpose, but I am not aware that teeth arranged to operate ss shown have been used for the purpose mentioned. I do not claim therefore, broadly, the use of teeth irrespective ,of the arrangement, adaptation and mode of operation, as shown. But I claim the teeth, a. attached .to the rod, G, and placed between the drill teeth, I, when said rod is op- erate] by the pitman, F2 and cranl~e, B, so that the teeth, a, will have the receprocatiug and rising and fall- ing movement communicated to them as and for the purpose set forth. COTTON PRESSEST. J. Bottoms and J. A. Bullock, of Thomas county, Ga. : We do not claim the parts de- signated in themselves as new, sepatately considered. But we claim the combination of the follower staff, C, bridle, h, lever, D, follower, C, and the revolving perforated box~, B, operating as described and for the purposes set forth. ROTARY PUMPLevi Burnell, of Milwaukie, Wis.: I claim operating the double sets of radially sliding pistons, d d, and f 2, in directions at right angles to each other by means of the three-sided stationary cam, g, the rotating cam box, b h, and the cam yokes, c e, arranged and operating with each other in the manner set forth. (,.~ MANUFACTURING SHEARSWin. S. Butler, of Rocky l~-L~~Hill, Conn. : I claim as a new article of manufacture a Pair of shears made of cast iron, with their cutting ~ edges, A, hardened or tempered in the manner de- scribed. RECUMBENT CHAIRDavid Buzzell, of Charleston, Mass. : I claim the arrangement and application of a lever, B, and notched cams, F G, tocither or both sides of time seat fras~s, A, and to the back, B, and leg rest, D, subitantiahly as explained and as represented in the drawings. PRINTERS COMPOSING STICKSAlexander Calhoun, of Hartford. Conn, : I claim the application of the band, B, in the manner and for the purpose substan- tially as set forth and described. SEWiNG MACHINESB. W. Clark, of Bridgeport, Ct. I claim imparting the necessary intermitent motion to the feed wheel, M. by means of an endless belt, 0, and vibrating pincers, Q Q, arranged and operating in the manner, substantially as described. SEEDINO MACHINESSmith Conklin and George New- ton. of Sterling, Iii.: We do not claim, broadly, a per- forated reciprocating slide without reference to the form or shape of the perforation and the gauge or regu- lating bar, H, for such device is common to many classes of seeding machines. But we claim the arrangement and combinagion of the plate, F. guides, C, bars, G H, and box, B, as and for the purposes shown and described. SUN SiIADEsA. G. Davis, of Watertown, Coun.: I do not claim, broadly, forming an extension handle of two rods, one rod sliding within the other, for this is a well-known means that is employed for the han- dles of various tools and implements. But I claim the rod, A, provided with the hub or boss, D, and the pres nrc bar and stop, f; in connection with the hollow or tubular rod, B, provided with thee ferrule, B, the above parts being arranged in relation with the frame, B, and slide, B, substantially as and for the pur- pose set forth. CARPET FASTENERMorris Dewey and Ira Phillips, of Ciareudon, N. Y. : We claim the pin and the set as described, combined and arranged for fastening car- pets to floors mu the manner specified. RAILROAD CAR SsmATsJehn C. Be Witt, of West Bloomfield, N. J. : I claim sustaining the bottoms, B, of the car seats on s slotted corners of the oscillating cradles~ A, capable of being turned on horhEontal transverse shafts, B, and combining and arranging therewith slotted bars, G, connected at timeir upper ends to the backs, I, of the seats, by bars, Ii, and socil- hating levers, K, and movable trucks, L, with tilting platforms, 0, in such a manner as to enable the seats to be sustained and secured in time proper position to ac- commodate the passengers in a sitting posture, or their bottoms, B, and backs, I, to be brought to the proper angle of inclination with the tilting platforms. 0, and in relation to each other to form sleeping and reclin- ing couches or berths, substantially as set forth. UPSETTING CARRIAGE TIRE-B. J. Dodge, of Port Washington, Wis. : I claim arranging the anvil blocks or supports to rock on a center in thee neanner sp3clfled, in combination with the arranging of the jaws of the intermediate guide, or support, to be adjusted separate- ly or both together up and down, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. SASH FASTENERli. J. Falconer, of W. hington, B. C. : I claim extending the cap portion, in, of the catch, m, over and along the front edge of plate, n, to form a catch opening, x, flush with the edge of platen, so that the window cannot be unfastened without having the point of the hook, a, withdrawn entirely clear from the meeting rail of the upper sash and out of the way of the bars when the lower sash is raised. METHOD o~ SEEDING AND R EWING MESSAGES SIMUL- TANEOUSLY OVER TuE SAME TELEGRAPHiC WIREM. G. Farmer, of Salem, Mass. : I claim the employment of an accessory magnet and an accessory battery to each instrument in combination with the main batteries and main magnets, and with a means of reversing the direc- tion of the current of eash of time main batteries, in the manner substantially as set forth. HANGING MILL-STONESJoseph A. Foriman, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio: I claim the combination and arrange- ment of devices for hanging and adjusting the bedetone and runner to the frame and to each other, substantial- ly as represented, and for the purposes set forth. CAR SEATS AND COUCHESK. Freeman, of Fond flu Lac. Wis. : I claim making one of time ends of car seats detachable, and the seats on one side of the car so that they can be brought in direct contact with those immediately opposite, in the manner described, as as to transfer the longitudinalpassage way from this cen- ter to one side of. the car, and in coin bluing with the said car seats a series of bars, B F L, and rods, G Gi G2 GI, capable of being folded together, and contained within the lower parts of the seats, or raised and elon- gated so as to form supports for horiEontai single sleep- in,, berths or couches,Ai A2 Al A4, placed one above the other, at suitable distances apart, the whole being constructed and operated substantially as set forth. STEAM COCKAlbert Fuller, of Cincinnati Ohio: I am aware that elastic plugs or valves leave imeen pre- viously used for stebin cocks, and that nuts have been arranged or applied to them for the purpose of expand- ing them. But I am not aware that any have been arranged like the one described, with a shield and cap, for the purpose of not only expanding, the plug when neces- sary, but also preventing abrasion, and the plug from being forced throu~h the valve seat bythe pressure of the steam. I therefore do not claim broadly the elastic plug, B, But I claim placing the elastic plug, B, on the valve stem, B, between the metallic shield, g, and cap, h, the ~.rts being arranged relatively with the valve seat, a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. TOP ROLLERS FOR SPINNING MACHINESCharles Greene, of Salem, Mass. : I claim the application of a top roller of a spinning machine to its spindle, so as to be capable of rocking and rotating them, substantially in manner and for the purpose specified. METHOD OF STRETCHING BOOTS AND SHOESGeorge W. Griswold, of Carbondale, Pa. : I claim stretching boots or shoes from time outside, and at ai~ part or point without stretching other parts or points by means of a skeleton last on the inside and a pressing appara- tus, substantially such as that described, on the outside of said shoe or boot. PORTASILE HOUSE BELLAlbert W. Hale, of New Britain, Coun. : I claim a spring hammer tongue, B, provided evith a projection, g, so arranged as to be op- erated upon by a pin, e, attached to an arbor, C, for the purpose set forth. DRAWING BoARDsIssachar P. Hansell, of Spring- field, Ill. : I claim the strips, B B, placed at each side of the board, A, and having their outer edges curved, or made of concave form, mu the manner described, and used in connection within the square having its blade, C, and head, B, arranged relatively with respect to each other, as set forth, the whole being for the purpose specified. MILLS FOR SUGAR CANEJeremiah Howard, of New York City: I claim the employment or use of a pump, G, water reservoir, F, and valve, J, in connection with necessary pipes, H I. and cylinders, B, provided with pistons, B, acting on the bearing of the roller or rollers, the whole being arranged as shown, or in any equiva- lent way, so as to operate as and for the purpose set forth. LOCK-JOINT FASTENER FOR STUDS, & C.Ira A. Ives, of New York City: I do not wish to be understood as limiting any claim of invention to the two special modes of application described, as no doubt, other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be devised. What I claim is the spring hinged pin, in combina- tion with the recess, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified. HYDRANTJames B. Higge, of Utica, N. Y.: I claim first, The cylinder, C, constructed substantially as de- scribed Second, the combination of the cylinder, C, with the upper valve. B, and its rod, G, when contained and op- erated in case, A, sembotantially as described. Third, The combhmation of the cylinder, C, and valve B, with the waste rod, 5, and waste pipe, a, substan- tially as described. Fourth, Tile combination of the cylinder, C, and valve, B, with the lower valve, F, substantially as de- scribed. APPARATUS FOR PRISON ALARMWilliam 0. Hills, of Nottingham, N. H. : I claim the tubular or cham- bered window or door grating, an alarm apparatus and an air pump or apparatus as described, or the equiva- lent therefor, combined so as to operate together, sub- stantially in manner and for the purpose as specified. SAD I~oes HEATER CovERWilliam Heath, of Bath, Me. : I claim the described cover for sad iron heater. constructed and operating in thee manner substantialh~ as described, LIFTING JACKPJoOl C. Jackson, of Rochester, N. Y.: I claim time arrangement of the screw, c, slides, 5 a, and nut, N, in combination while the bar, B, or fork, T, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described. HARVESTING MACHINESHenry G. Kaufman, of St. Louis, Mo. : I claim, first, Thee described arrangement and combination of the wheel, C, with the devices be- fore described, viz., the lovers, p and q, turn table, B and in, and the ratchet, C, and standard, r, for the pur- pose of operating the said evhseel so as to guide the ma- chine, and raise the knives, h h he, from the ground. subatantiall as set forth, foi the purpose specified. Second, T?~e combination of the finger plate, K, evitim the knife plate, H, and the knives, h h h, when these several parts are constructed, relatively arranged, and operated in the manner and for the purpose specified. LAMPSJames P. Kenyon and Ellen Kenyon, of Brooklyn, N. Y. : We claim first, Constructing and ar- ranging the evick tubes so that the orifice of the air pas- sage at the upper ends of said tubes may be expanded or contracted without the necessity of changin~ the relative position or location of ties lower ends of said tubes to each other, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The band, B, provided with the ears, B, ap- plied to the wick tubes, C C, and used with or without the central strip, N, for the purpose specified. METHOD OF ATTACHING THE SPREADER TO SAWS OF CIRCULAR SAWIN MACHINESWilliam B. Leaviti of Cincinnati. Ohio: I do not wish to be understood as claiming flee spreading flange when taken separetely. But I claim furnishing the side of the saev plate with the groove or recess, 4, when the spreading flange, y y, is arranged therewith in the manner represented, for the purpose of preventing the end of the lumber when being sawed from butting against or catching to the~ end of the said flange, as mentioned in the specification. LOCKSJohn P. Lord, of Manchester, N. H.: I claim first, The application of the guides, a a a a, or their equivalents, also the groove, B, and spring, C, or their equivalent, substantially as specified. Second, The application of the tongue B, and guards B B B B B, or their equivalent, cointined with the bolt, n substantially as specified. Third, The application of the slotted stud, substan- tially as specified. Fourth, The application of the slotted rotary wards, G G G G G. or their equivalent, in combination with the driving pins, h h h h h h h h h h h he, and indicator I, or their equivalent, constructed substantially as specified. Fifth, The application of thee driving ward gear, J, and driving bolt gear 0, or their equivalent, construct- ed substantially as specified. Sixth, The application of the key, L, in combination with the ward and bolt gears, substantially as speci- fied. HINGES FOR WINDOW BLINDSJohn London and Hans Iversen, of Neev York City: We do not claim a hinge formed with a icicle to retain the blind. But we claim the combination of thee lever. h, on one part of the hinge with thee plate, f, on the other part, for the purposes andas specified. We also claim the plates. f and g, connected with the respective parts of the hinge by the countersinks, and holding said hinge in the desiued position by the cam lever, h, and notches in the plate, f, as set forth. METHOD OF SEALING PRESERVE CANSW. W. Ly- man, of West Meriden, Coun.: I claim exhausting and sealing fruit iars and cans, or other similar vessels, by means of ilee tube, C, time cement, e, and opening, c, and an exhausting apparatus, B, substantially as de scribed, by which means the operation is rendered very easy, simple, and effective, and the closing of the air vent accomplished by the same device, through or by which the air is drawn from the can. SEEDING MACHeN sJ. B. McCormick, of Versailles, Ky., and Win. B. Baker, of Boston, Mass. : We do not claim broadly the employment of a hollow erheel for depositing the seed. But we claim thee arrangement and dsmbination of the rotating wheel, G, evith the stationary plates or shares, II, subetantlahhy as and for the purpose shoevn and described. S nine MACIieNEsB. L. Lyon, of Bast Randolph, N. Y.: I do not chains broadly attaching seed-dislrihut- ing devices to evhieels. But I claini the sliding seed boxes, F, attached to the radial bars, B, and outer end pieces, a, of the seed boxes, being provided respectively evith the recesses, e fd, and thee outer ends of bars, B, projecting beyond the peripheries of the whesels, the whole being ar- ranged for joint operation substantially as and for the purpos. set forth. I also claim, in combination with the above-named parts, the covering shares, H, arranged substantially as described. MACHINE FOR BENDING FEI.LoesJohn L. Mann, of Ravenna, Ohio: I claim the arrangement of the mounted forming block, and thee system of tuacks B B F G, operating as described, erhen need in combiration with the apparatus described, operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth. RAILROAD CAR SEATSC. M. Mann, of Detroit, Mich. : I claim the tevo car seats, constructed as stated, substantially so that they may be turned from the ordi- nary form of seats, one to the right, time other to thee left, one-fourth round, bringing the ends next the win- dows to meet together, and the backs or hinges may be turned over and fail upon the lodge upon evhich the ends before rested, and are held firmly in place as a bed by the pin c. I also claim ~hse bed formed as above claimed, in com- bination with the door, h, and pillow, which, being on hinges, spens into place espon the bed for use, or may be instantly shut out of the way and out of sight at pleasure. I also claim the columns, B, each containing and con- cealing tevo counter erehets, in combination withe the upper and lower movable beds, as described, and for the purposes mentioned only. I also claim this general device as set forth, combin- lug the upper and loever bode and seats with the legs and columns and counter weights, all convertible as set forth, either into beds or seats, for four, at pleasure, so that all, or a part of theemn, may sit up or lie deem in the space occupied by four persons. CHIIDRENS CARRIAGE-William P. MeKinstry, of New York City: I claim the use of three draft bars or handles, A Al and B, attached to a childs carriage, and op rated substantially as described and shown in the drawings. WELDING BELLOWS PIPE-A. Pearsahl, of Nashville, Teun. : I claim the inclined mandrel, C, clamps, B B, and roller, I, combined and arranged for joint operation substantially as and for the purpose set forth. SEEDING MACHINES Lewis Moore, of Ypsilanti, Mich. : I chains the combination of the zig-zag strip, B, projecting from thee bottom of a reciprocating bar, C, with an adjustalle g go plate, B, which heas differ- ent sized cells, b c, and within a hopper, A, having oblong slots or discharge passages, a, in its bottom, substan- tiahly as and for time purposes set forth. HERMING GUIDES FOR SEWING MACHesensIlenry B. Ordiorne, of Phihadeiphia, Pa. : I lay no claim to any device described in the patent of S. P. Chapin, or to that of S. C. Blodgeti, granted Jan. 3, 1814. But I claim constructiug the pressure pad of a sew- ing machine with recesses, arranged and formed sub- stantially as described, in combination evith the curved tongue, B, or its equivalent, for the purpose specified. CAR SEATSWilliam Painter. of Wilmington, BeL I claim first, Jointing the ends of the hacks, F, of thee seats to the swinging bars B, at points between the cen- ters and corners of the same, and combining and ar- ranging the pins or studs, G, on the ends of the backs, F, and the pins or studs, I, on the faces of the arm rests, or on the ends of the backs, in suche relation to the bars, B, and slots, H, as to enable them to be Suspend- ed in the proper relation to the bottoms, A, of the seats, to form the usual seats, or to be swung and extended, to form reclining or sleeping couches, substantially in the manner described. Second, I also claim the combination of the spring bars or catches, c, having studs at their ends and seg- mental slots, B, with the swinging seat bottoms, sub- stantiahly in the manner and for the purpose described. COTTON GeessHenry C. Parkhurst, of New York City: I do not claim generally a hopper for cotton gins. Neither do I claim the mouth or opening beneath the board, i, adjustable as set forth. But I claim constructing the hoppers of cylinder cot- ton gins with the fixed end pieces, f, and movable end pieces, g, on the breast board, h, attached by the joint, 2, as and for the purposes set forth. HORSE RexnsL. H. Parson and George Houston, of Middletown, N. Y. : We claim the arrangement and combination of the rake, B, toothed sector, F, toothed ring, d, supplemental springs, k, and clearers, 5, sub- stantially as and fsr the purposes set forth. MACHINE FOR TIGHT ING AND SECURING METALLIC BANDS FOR COTTON BALES, & o.George W. Pennis- ton, of North Vernon, Ind. : I claim the construction of my hoop tightener and holder, in connection with doors2 B B, and arms, B B, and lever A, constructed as described, or any oilier construction substantially the same, and which cviii produce the same results. OILING THE THREAD FOR SEWING MACiHNESTru- man W. Pepper, of New York City: I am aevare of the patent granted to I. H. Singer, May 30, 1854, wherein he claims oiling the thread with linseed oil mixed with a dryer, which he accomplishes by passing the thread into and out si a cup, said thread being passed over the edges of the cup, and inside to pass near the bottom thereof by means of a guidmog eye. 1 am also aware of the patent granted to Salem Wilder, January 30, 1855, for waxing thread, wherein thread is passed into and out of a cup in a manner identical with Singer, and I therefore claim no part, device or thing in these patents. But I claim the described improvement in oil vessels for sewing machines, namely, providing the vessel with the regulating plug, a neck or spout b, and porous ma- terial, c, over which thee thread is drawn, arranged and operating in the anner substantially as described. MACHINE FOR MAKING CHAINB. P. Perry, of Provi- dence. R. I. : 1 claim the combination of a separating die, F F, with the tubs, wherein tile chain is formed, for the purpose of permitting each link of thee chain after it has been struck into form to be transmitted to the tube, substantially as described. CORN HUSKERSC. J. C. Peterson, of Davenport, Iowa: I claim, first, The feeder when constructed, ar- ranged and operating substantially as described for the purpose set forth. Second, The butter, when constructed, arranged and operating substantially as described for thee purpose set forth. Third, The husker when constructed, arranged and operating snbstantial~y as described for the purpose set forth. Fourth, The farmer when constructed, arranged and operating substantially as described for the purpose set forth. Fifth, The receiver, in combination with the farmer, husker, butter and feeder, when these several parts are arranged to operate conjointly as and for the purpose specified. CARDING MACHIREsCharles B. Price and Jam. Hay- thorn, of Thounpsonvihie, Coun.: We are aware that an endless apron has been used as a carrier for the pur- pose of removing the fleece athwart the defier, and we are also aware that a spiral conveyor is of familiar ap- plication in machinery; therefore we do not claim broadly either the endless belt or spiral convexor. But we claim the spirally grooved or threa ed cyhin- dem, B, apphiedin the manner substantially as described, in combination with the doffer and comb, and with a tube, F, to operate as set forth. CARPET FASTENERJoseph Reynolds, of New Britain, Coun.: I claim the hook and plate in one piece as de- scribed, as a new article of manufacture, substantially as set forth. VALVE CoCKSJ. B. Robinson and H. S. Robinson of Clinton, Mass.: We claim, first, The construction ok the valve, whether in one or two pieces, valve spindle, and valve case, in the manner described, so as to make a straight passage through the valve, spindle and case, for the reasons specified. Second, Making the valve in two pieces for this rca- ssns specified. Third, When the valve is so made, running the springs through the spindle for the reasons specified. STRAW CARRIERS OF THRESHING MACHINESF. W. Robinson, of Richmond, md.: I am aware that a plat- form or table has been previously combined with one endless chain of slats, in a manner somewhat similar to mine, though br a dissimilar object, as in the case of J. C. Birdsahls clover huller, of May 18th, 1833; such parts therefore of themselves I do not claim. But I claim the combination of the perforated plat- form, F, with the endless chain of slats, B, in the man- ner and for the purposes set forth. SHUTTER OPERATORSIsaac Rogers, of Owego, N. Y.: I claim the described apparatus for openin~ and chosin~ window blinds, viz., the lever, f, rod, ~, crauck, c and slide, o, the whole being arranged on the shutter and window frame as set forth, combined and operating subsiantially in the manner described. SHEARSJames H. Boome, of New York City: I do not claim broadly the connection of one blade while its handle by means of a link or rod, for I am aware that this is old; nor do I claim broadly the slotting of the stationary blade and handle, But I claim the combination of the additional con- necting rod, F, within the rod, B, and upper slotted leandle, B, for enabling the leverage exerted by the tleumb to be increased with the closing of the upper blade, A, substantially as described. WINDOW FASTENERIrving Boot, of Austin, Texas: I claim the plate and thimbles, the groove, the spring plate and cylinder, constructed and operating mu the manner specified. APPARATUS FOE PAYiNG OUT TELE RAPH CABLE- George Scott, of Wiscasoet, Me.: I claim, in combina- tion with a delivering roller or a system of delivering rollers, A B, a tilting lever, G, or its equivalent, and a brake mechanism, or any equivalent therefor. for ar- resting or controlling the revolution of the delivering roller or rollers, the whole being made to operate in 9 such manner as to increase time paying out or delivery of the cable under increase of tension of it, as described. I also claim, when the lever is applied to a brake ap dtntifit ~n~evican+ paratus and a guide roller, R, essentially as described, combining the guide roller with it by means of a spring, or making the outer arm of the lever as a spring foi the purpose of euahling such spring to operate the lever, in manner and uuder circumstances as set forth. I I also claim combining the inertia weight with the spring lever, so as to canes such to operate as specified, under a sudden upheaval of the stern of the vessel. FARE BOXES FOE OassccuusEs, & o.I. B. Slaweon, of New Orleans La.: I claim, first, The arrangement of an opening in tho top of the fare box, through which outside passengers can deposit their fare, when such opening communicates with a chamber in which the fare fist falls, and is temporarily arrested previous to being deposited in the receiving drawer beneath, for the purposes set forth. Second, I claim the arrangement of the passage block, D, and cover, E, over the opening in the top of the fare box, for the purposes described. CLAsPs FOE Hoop SKIRTsA. Smart, of New York City: I do not claim to be the first inventor of hoop clasps, nor do I claim any part of the described clasp that is seen in the patent granted to T. Wallace, Jr., Jan. 15th, 1858. But I claim, as an improved article of manufacture, a hoop clasp constructed with a longtitudinal loop, e, substantially as and for the purposes shown and de- scribed. CuusueJohn E. Smith, of Galen, N. Y., and Wright- man Brown, of Rose, N. Y.: We do not claim as our invention an automatic churn. But we claim the combination and arrangement of the cylinder divided into two chambers, for time pur- poses described, by the partition, M, the close interior case, 11, adjustable vane blower and regulator, N, refri- gerating passage, F, and ventilators, v v, operating conjointly, as and for the purpose specified. SEEDING MAcunuss2Joseph B Smith of Lancaster, Ohio : I do not claim broadly the empioyment of two wheels for opening the furrow, the seed being dropped between the wheels. But I claim the arrangement and combination of the spout, II, wheels, M, frame, H, and frame, B, as and for the purposes shown and described. FEET WAamenco IlEveoRGeorge W. Smith, of Auro- ra, Ind.: I do not claim broadly. and irrespective of the arrangement and adaptation shown and described, the use of a steam chausber for heating purposes. But I claim the employment or use of the chamber, I, when applied to a forge, and heated by steam gene- rated within a box, N1 or its equivalent, by the force of the forge, substantially as described. CULTIvAToRsNathaniel S. Smith, of Buffalo, N. Y.: I do not claim the flanged or broad cutting cylinder, B, nor placing a gang of hoes behind such a cylinder, nor the combination of the comb formed clearer with such a cylinder. What I claim is the use of the double joint piece, B, to connect time gang of hoes to the axle, when said joint piece extends beyond the axle, and subserves also the purpose of a foot lever to throw the hoes out of the ground, in the manner and for the purpose set forth. PROPELLER FOR BoATsLe Grand C. St. John, of Buf- falo, N F.: I claim, first, the construction and use of a propeller case having three conduits arranged on par- allel lines, so that time water will be received into the case through the outside conduits at the same stroke of the piston that water is discharged through the middle cenduit, and nice ocean, as set forth. Second, I claim the arrangement of two revolving pistons, N N, with respect to an enclosing case, whether said case is made single, as represented in Fig. VII., No. 2, or double, as represented by No. 3, Fig. 1, and the combination thereof with a boat, so that in the act of propelling, water will be received into the case at one orifice or channel, and discharged at another ori- fice of channel, through the bottom of the boat, for the purposes and substantially as set forth. Third, I claim the construction of my revolving pis- tons, partly of wood and partly of iron, substantially as descilbed. MACHINE FOR CUTTING IRREGULAR FoRumsHenry B. Stover, of Boston, Mass.: I claim, first, The guards, 5, and bar, 1, carrying them combined with the revolv- ing cutters and table, in the manner described and for the purposes fully set forth. Second, I claim the guide, ~, so constructed and fit- ted 10 the outer surface of the bearing or tube, B, as to be vertically adjustable thereon to geside the pattern without wearing it, while the piece secured to the pat- tern relieves the shape from lbs cutting knives imme- diately above, essentially as set forth. Third, I claim the combination of the adjustable elas- tic sleeve, L, with the tube or bearing, B, and guide, J, in the manner described and for the purposes fully set forth. Fourth, I claim the slabbed spindle, 4, collars, 5, and the cutters, constructed ansi relatively arranged and operated, in connection with each other, essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth and de- scribed. ROLLING RAILWAT CHAIRsJames H. Swett, of Pitts- burg, Pa.: I am aware that the portion of the metal that is to form the jaw or jaws isas heretofore been raised up and then bent down into proper position. This injures the fibre of the metal, and makes a bad chair. I do not claim any such method. But I claim the process of rolling railroad chairs, the cutting under or into the solid iron for the purpose of forming the jaw, after the bar is rolled and bent, and thus avoid the raising up and afterwards bending down of the part that is to form the jaw, as heretofors done. BRAcULETsFrancis M. Sweet, of Syracuse, N. F.: I do not claim the use of an elastic cord or band for the purpose of stringing loose pieces of jet or beads, as such are in common use. But I claim the employment of the elastic rubber or spring connection between the two parts of the bracelet, operating substantially as described and when the parts F and C are furnished with guiaes in the manner and for the purpose set forth. HAT BODY MACssINEIIY~Alva B. Taylor, of Newark, N. J.: Having described my improvement, and a ma- chine in which it is embodied, it may be proper to stats that I do not limit it to the precise arrangement and construction described, hut intend to vary these as circumstances may render expedient. Thus, for ex- ample, both disks of the picker may be caused to re- volve either in the same directions with different speeds, or in opposite directions, and the picker may be combined wills a perforated former not enclosed in a forming chambem, or with other devices than those de- described. I claim the combination of a disk picker operating substantially as set forth, with a perfomated former. I also claim a disk picker composed of two disks, whose faces are studded with teeth operating substan- tially as set forth, to pick fibrous material fed into the eye of the picker, and to discharge ths picked fibre at the run thereof. GRAIN SEPARATOR5-~J0hn B. TiffI, of Cuyahoga, Ohio: I do not claim broadly the application of a valve to the fan case, nor do I claim broadly the employment of an adjustable apron or board. But I claim the employment of a circular side valve, H, in combination with the directing board, J, when the parts are constructed and arranged as shown and described, for the purposes set forth. TRAvELING CA5KETT. B. Timbey, of Medina, N. F.: I claim attaching the stiff sides, c c, of the travel- ing casket to the intermediate metal or other framing, d d, by means of rubber or other springs, B B, substan- tially as and for the purposes set forth. Ox YoKEsGeorge W. Weeks, of Boston, Mass.: I claim making ox bows and yokes, of iron or other suit- c able material, hollow, substantially as described, for the object specified. WAsHING MAGHINEThomas J. Tindall, of New York City: I claim combining with a suitable yes- sel for containing the clothes, & L, to be washed, and the washing liquid, and the exhausting pump or equivalent therefor, communicating with the said ves- sel above the intended charge. substantially as de- scribed, to exhaust the said vessel above the charge and relieve time pressure, to effect the circulation of the washing liquid by ebullition below time recognized boil- ing point, as set forth. ROLLING AND PILING LoGsWilliam Todd of Cher- ryfield, Me.: I claim the combination and arrange- ment of the tapered roller, N, with time diagonally ar- ranged cylindrical rollers, A, for facilitating and guid- ing time movements of logs and heavy timbers, and piling the same in ranks or on teams and veseels, sub- stantially as described. APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COswEieSasnuel Tower, of Grand Rapids, Mich.: I claim having a portion of each ot the journals or axis, B C, attached to each spimere or shell, a b, and otimerwise arranged and com- bined as set fortb, so that when the spheres or shells are closed, the axle or journals will be completed, and the shells uvili be locked, all as and for the purposes de- scribed. BRIDGEL. N. Trusedell, of Warren, Mass.: I claim, first, Au iron bridge constructed with a series of bert- Rental chords, C. in conubination with vertical stan- dards, B, and diagonal braces, A, or their equivalents, when the whole is arranged and connectsd together in the manner substantially as and for time purposes set forth. Second, I claim constructing the clamp, B, in the manner and for time purposes subetantially set forth. SEEDING MACHINEsAlexander Turner, Redden Bess and Hervey Sloan, of Franklin, Ind.; We wish to se- cure by Letters Patent time arranement of the seed boxes, B and C, time seed slides, d am~d e rod, H, wheels G and F, and plows, J J, in the manner specified and for time purpose set forth. SAFETY VALVE AND PRESSURE GAUGEJames H. Wiun, of Portage, Wis.: I do not claim the piston safe- ty valve. But I claim the Iveighted pendulous rods and sus- pended index, L, applied substantially as described in relation with each other, and Ivith the dial, M, and combined with the piston valve by means of a sector, I, chains, and rod, fi, or their equivalents, to operate substantially as set forth. ATTACHING THE PROPS ov CARRIAGE BowsB. B. Wright and L. Sawyer, of South Amesburg, Mass.: We do not claim the employment of a movable shoulder piece which screws upon time prop, as in C. Thomas patent. But we claim as an improved article of manlsfacture, a carriage prop in which the prop, C, is rendered inde- pendent of its plate, B, substantially as and for the pur- poses set forth. CORN PLANTERSFranklin W. White, of Worcester, Mass.: I claim, first, Operating the seed slides throu~h the rod, p, and its arm, I, asid the hole or holes, s, in the wheel, d, substantially as described. I also claim, in combInation with a dropping appara- tus, and the double mold boards for opening the fur- row, the openings, w, and guides, x, for admitting and directing the earth or soil that is to cover this seed, sub- stantially as described. TRACE FASTENINGJohn C. Be Wit~, of West Bloom- field. N. J., assignor to himsslt and Torah Benedict, of Newark, N. J.: I am aware that buckles have been formed with tongues so arranged as to pass through the perforations of traces at right angles, and I therefore do not claim broadly such device. But I claim the frame or body, B, provided with the tongue, f, projecting from it at right angles, when this frame or body is connected with tIme plates, e, of the tug, A, by means of this pivots, b b, of said plate, fitting in oblong slots. c. in the sides, fi fi. of the frame or body, so that the same may be shoved forward and backward to admit of itsbeing locked, and also of being opened, substantially as described. INKSTAND5V. Fogerty. of Cambridgeport, Mass., assignor to Francis Honghton, of Somerville, Mass.: I claim, in combination with an inkstand or ink-reser- voir, and its mouth, a dipper or vessel so applied with- in said reservoir is to be capable of being within it, and towards and away from osid mouth, suhotantiahly in the manner and for the purpose of taking up ink or a liquid from the reservoir, as specified. I also claim time application of the dipper to this mova- ble cap of the snouth of the reservoir, so as to be oper- ated by the said cap, in snanner substantially as ex- plained. KNITTING MACmiINE5Thomas Lovehidge (essignor to himself, and Wilhiani Tulfirths), of Germantown, Pa.: I claim the pressusre plate, N, situated between hue two roive of thread guides, fi and d, and operated so as to press the loops down the needles, substantially in time manner and for the purpose set forth. SERD PLANTERSW. A. Mahaffy, of Carimona Mm., assignor to John Greek, of Nvansvihle, Ind.: I am aware that the reciprocating perforated seed slides have been previously used, end I am also aware that wheels or cylinders provided with seed cells have also been used for distributing seed, but lam not aware that reciprocating slides have been used in connection with rotating cylinders, provided with seed cells end pins to serve as cams or tappets to actisate thus slides, and also as conveyers to carry the seed to the conveying tubes. I do not claim, therefore, separately and broad- ly, time seed slides, nor this wheels provided with seed cells. But I claim the seed slides, b, in combination with the wheels or cylinders, N, arranged forjoint action, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. REGULATING THE TENSION OF THE T5IREAD IN SEw- ING MACuSiNEsJohn T. B. Rogers, of New York City, assignor to George B. float, of Phsiladel~uhia, Pa.: I do not claim regulating the tension of the thread by gra- duated friction thereon, or by causing it to pass over variable angular surfaces. But I claim the combination, substantially as shown and described, of the cone, A, and conical cap, B, for the purposes set forth, CUT-OFF FOR STEAM ENGINESJacob Wiudnier (as- signor to himself, and Howard Gilbert), of New Ha- ven, Coun.: I am awaro that many regulators and cut- offs for the steam engine have been known and used, some of which have b~ regulated by this pressisre of the steam. I thereforeido not claim regulating this uni- formity of this motion of the piston by the pressure of the steam, as such, as my invention. But I claim the combination of this bevel gear pinion, J, operated by the endless chain, L, and rod, H, with the bevel gear wheel. H, with its cam, G, wb~n time whole is constructed, arranged and made to produce the result substantially as described. RE-ISSUES. HARVESTERSW. H. Seymour and B. S. Morgan, of Brockport, N. F.. assignees of N. Phatt, formerly of Ottawa, Ill.: Bated June 12, 1849: reissued May 23, 1854: What is claimed under the patent as the inven- tion of the said Nelson Platt is First, Combining with a muiac~hiue for cutting grain and gathering it upon a platform, a reking mechan- ism which at suitable intervals swoops the grain off the platform, changes the direction of its stalks relative to the path of the machine, and discharges it upon the ground in gavels, substantially as sot forth. Second, The employment of a sweep or vibrating rake, operating in such manner, that while sweeping the grain off the platform and discharging it upon the ground, it will change thus direction of the stalks, as. described. Third, The method of vibrating a sweep rake, and turning its teeth in such manner that they will pass over the grain, points foremost at intervals to reach back and seize the grain and sweep it off the platform, whether the devices employed to effect timess move- ments be such as described, or others equivalent thereto. Foumrth, The method of holding a sweep rake firm- ly, while raking the grain with the points of its teeth, in the proper position relative to the platform, by means of a latch or other equivalent thereto, which operating with a greater certainty than a weiglut, spring, or other fastening not ri~id, more effectually pievents the rake tooths from rising to override the grain, and at the same time avoids the necessity of moving a heavy weight, or of overcoming this tension of a strong spring, in elevating the rake preparatory to its retrograde stroke. Fifth, The construction and arrangement of a sweep rake and the mechanism for operating it, in such simau- nor that it is carried back and forth, and its teeth raised and lowered, without support at the outer end, Sixths. Changing the frequency of the alternations of the raking mechanism, by means of the shifting gear or other equivalent devices, for producing a varying rate of motion for the purpose of varying the size of this sheaves as maw be requIred, substantially as set forth. IIARvEsTERs--Wihliam H. Seymour and B. S. Mor- gan, of Brockport, N. F., assignees of N. Phatt, for- merly of Ottawa, Ill. Bated June 12, 1949 ; reissued May 23, 1814; re-reissued August 31, 1858: Wlsat is claimed under this patent as thus invention of the said Nelson Platt, is the combination of this vibrating sweep rake with the lever carrying the same, vibrated by gearing located within the inner edge or circle of said platform, as set forth. HARvEsTERs~Wihhiam H. Seymour and B. S. Mor- gan, of Brockport, N. F., assignees of N. PlatI, for- merly of Ottaiva. Ill. Bated June 12, 1840; reissued May 23, 1854; re-reissued August 31, 1818: What is claimed under this patent as the invention of this said Nelson Platt, is constructing that portion of the plat- form of the reaping machine which is traversed by a rake working above it, with a solid floor so shaped as to al- low the points of the teeth of the rake to move below the plane traversed by the grain, substantially as set forth. HARvEsrEasWihilam H. Seymomir and B. S. Mor- gan. of Brockport, N. F., assignees of N. Platt, former- ly of Ottawa, Ill. Bated June 12, 1849; reissued May 23, Lii4; re-reissued August 31, 1818: What is claimed under this patent as limo invention of the said Nelson PlatI, is time combination af a vibrating sweep rake with a fence or guard, to prevent the grain from being deflected from the path of the rake by centrifugal force, substantially as set forth. STEAum BoILERs--F. P. Bimpfel, of Philadelphia, Pa. Bated April 1, 1856; reissued August 31, 1858: I claim the arrangement of the tubes and the connection of one or more receptacles, substantially such as de- scribed, fGr consuming the fine particles of coal which are carried by theforce of the blast or draught from the fire chamber into the flues, the said receptacle being placed below the bottom of the main flue, and commus- nicating therewith, and between the firs chamber and a chock or deflector, or betuveen checks and defiectors in the main flue, to check the momentum of the parti- cles of coal, and cause them to drop into lbs receptacle to be conamimed substantially as described. I also claim ,,in tIme construction of the boiler substan- lushly as descrmbod, forming a single flue in the middle, for the passage oh the products of combustion from the main flues surrounding time water tubes to the smoke box, when this is connected with a check or deflector placed in the main tubs, among the ivater tubes and in Thont of the said middle flue, substantially as de- scribed, to prevent the products of combustion from taking a direct course to the said middle flue, as de- scribed. I also claim arranging the bent up ends of the water tubes where they are connected with the crown sheet of the furna~e, in a series of double honeitudinal rows, and leaving spaces between the double rows of greater width than the oxternal diameter of the water tubes, substantially as described, to admit of taking out and inserting the tubes, whilst in other reepsots the said tubes may be placed as near to each other as may be desired. I also claim interposing the net-work or plate be- tween this rear emid of the flue and tho smoke stack, and the exhaust pipe, as ants for time purpose set forth. And I also claim combining with this deflector in this smoke box the receptacle for the sparks or fine parti- cles of coal dust, substantially as described, for pre- venting the sparks from being consumed or accumu- lating in the smoke box, and interfering with this draught, as set forth. MANUFACTURE or TIIxrIeam HosELinus B. Cooley, S. Babcock and B. G. Cooley, of Middletown, Coun., assignees of L B. Cooley, and James C. Cooke. Bated March 18, 1858; reissued August 31, 1858: We claim the double tube or hose as a new article of manufacture, woven in the manner and for thus purpose specified, and this we claim, whether our new manufacture be mused for hose belting, card clothing, shoe soles, harness pails, and traces, or any other purpose. DESIGNS. COOKING STovEWilliam P. Abendroth, of Roches- ter, N. F. SCREENS--James L. Jackson, of New Fork CIty. BREAD-PANSNathaniel Waterman, of Boston, Mass. EXTRAORDINARY SUccEssIn the foregoing list of l)ateniS issued on the 31st nit., we recognize the names of rueRTY-rIvE patentees whose cases were prepered and successfully prosecuted through the agency of Munn & Co. With our extraordinary facilities for the vigorous and careful prosecution of the claims entrusted to us, before the Patent Office, it Is no wonder that so argo a share of the business comes to our hands. Wills the facilities at our command we could quits as suc- cessfully undertake the cars of every application made to the Patent Officethe more business entrusted to us, the greater time seeming success. Circulars of ad- vice sent free. Large Cholera Prize. The Paris Academy of Sciences has again advertised its prize, amoumiting to about $20,000, for the discovery of the cauae and the effectual cure of cholera. This prize is a bequest left some years since by M. Briant, and a Competition has already taken place for it, without success. No less than one hundred and fifty-three essays wore presented on the subject, hut only two of them came within the scope of the conditions. One was by the chief physician of the hospital of Smolenako (Russia), the other by Dr. Ayre, of London. The first maintained the identity of the virus of cholera with that of smallpox and typhus, and he proposed the innoculation doing so six out of every seven cholera pa- tients would be cured. The London physician maintained that eight out of ten persons could be cured by administering doses of calomel at the rate of one grain for adults, every five minutes, for the space of an hour. Neither of these pro- posed systems for curing cholera wero uc- cepted by the Academy of Sciences. The ground was taken by its members that a per- son to he entitled to the prize must discover a specific as sure and certain for the cure of cholera as quinine is for intermittent fever also that the remedy should be as efficient for causing the disappearance of this disease as vaccination has been for virulent smallpox. This is a prize worth striving to win by all the physicians in the world, not so much on account of the prize itselfalthough the sum is temptingbut for the benGfit such a dis- covery would confer upon suffering humanity. Pi:us amid Needles. The manufacture of time indispenoible little pin was commenced in the United States be- tween 1812 and 1820, since which time the business has extended greatly, and se;-eral patents for the manufacture of pins have been taken out. The manufacture in England and other parts of Europe ii conducted upon im- provements made here. Notwithstanding the extent of our own production, the United States imported in 1856 pins to the value of $40,255, wimile in the same year there were imported into this country needles to the amount of ~246,060. Needles were first made in England in the time of bloody Mary, by a negro from Spain, but as lie would not impart hiS secret, it was lost at his death, and not recovered again usutil 1566, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when a German taught the art to the English, who have since brought it to the greatest perfection. The construction of a needle requires about one hundred amid twenty operations, but they are rapidly and uninterruptedly successive, Water. Potatoes contain 75 psir cent (by weight), and turnips no loss than 90 per cent of water. A beefsteak, though pressed betuveen blotting paper, yields nearly four-fifths of its weight of water. Of the human frame, bones in- cluded, only about one-fourth is solid matter (chiefly carbon and nitrogen), the rest is water. If a man weighing one hundred and forty pounds was squeezed fiat under a hy- draulic press, one hundred and five pounds of water would run out, and only thirty-five pounds of dry residue remain. A man is, therefore, chemically speaking, forty-five lbs. of carbon and nitrogen diffused. through six buckets of water. Berzelius, indeed1 in re- cording the fact, justly remarks that time living organism is to be regardod as a mass diffused in water ; and Dalton, by a series of experiments tried on his own person, found that of the food with which we daily repair this water-built fabric, five-sixths are also water. A NEW method of navigating canals has been announced by M. Leterre, and tried, it is said, with success. By means of a fixed wheel, turned by one man, a cuirrent is es- tablished in less than ten minutGs throughout the whole length of the canal, so strong as, without any other motive power whatever, to carry forward a barge with its fell load. The first experiment was tried on a ditch near Paris, under very unfavorable circumstances; nevertheless, M. Leterre had Isis paddle wheel set in motion, and in is ss than four minutes a laden barge followed tIme course of thG current formed by the revolution of the fixed wheel for a distance of 3m500 feet. When will the wondCrs of French di~coveries cease? SINCE 1850, the time occupied by steamors crossing the Atlantic between this city and Liverpool is shortened two days. The amount of fuel consumed in the voyage so of persons with the smallpox virus while the shortene is twice that formerly required by cholera was raging. It was asserted that by the steamers who took the longer time. ( Improvement in Electrotyping. The National Intelligencer says an improve- ment in the process of electrotyping has been made, by which electrotypes can be prodnced with great rapidity and accuracy. The im- provement consists in covering the face of the wax or other material of which the mat- rix is made, with fine metallic leaf before the impression is taken. In this way a perfect conducting metallic surface is obtained; that is, over the entire face of the letters, as well as over the spaces between the lines. The sides of the letters do not, as a general thing, have a metallic conducting surface, in- asmuch as the type, when the impression is taken, cut the leaf, and force a part of it down into the matrix,, thus leaving the wax exposed on the sides of the letters. This cut- ting of the leaf, however, is rather an advan- tage, since such exposed parts of the wax are the very parts where. a slow deposit is pre- ferred, and which is effected by touching such parts over with plumbago. The advantages are these :The moment that the mold or matrix is placed in the bath and the battery applied, the deposit of metal commences at once on the entire surfacethe deposit being more rapid, however, on the face of the letters and on the spaces between the lines than on the sides of the letters; and this is just what is wanted, since it prevents, especially when the letters are small and deep, what is termed bridging over (hollow letters). By the use of silver leaf an electrotype may be pro- duced with a bright silvered facea feature of considerable importance in all cases where the plates are to be laid aside for future use, inasmuch as the face of the letters will not be so easily injured by long and continued ex- posure to air and moisture, as when of the usual copper face. Electric Illumination. Some attempts recently made at Paris to- wards illuminating the bottom beneath water, possess . considerable interest in a scientific point of view. The electrodes of carbon were placed in a glass globe, being connected with one of Dubosqs regulators, which communi- cated with the battery by a copper wire covered with gutta percha. The globe sub-. merged to a depth of fifteen feet, spread light over a circumference of thirty feet radius, and it remained constant for two hours, after which the carbon required replacing. Da- bosqs arrangement is light, so that a sub- riiarine diver may carry it in his hand, and at the same time it is strong and well secured hermetically to resist a pressure of six hun- dred pounds of sea water. It consists of a cylinder of strong glass, secured to a brass foot, and surrounded with a gutta percha sack. The light passes out through a large plano-convex lens, with the convexity in- ward, the focus being so arranged that the rays escape nearly parallel. As the lamp is movable, the diver walks about with it, and places it in the proper relation to the point where he wishes to make any search; and as it is only necessary to bring the electrodes near one another to light it, the diver need only turn a small ,screw to continue the light for two hours, which is more than twice as long as he can remain at the bottom. Improved Hop and Hay Press. When, as often happens in presses, the fol- lower in its descent takes an inclined position, the press will not of course operate with free- dom, but in the subject of our illustration this difficulty is the subject of special attention, and has been successfully overcome. The accompanying engraving is a perspec- tive view of the hops, hay or cotton press, in- vented by Lincoln L. Cummings, of Munus- ville, Madison county, N. Y., and patented by him June 15, 1858. A represents a case or box of rectangular 7~7 -U dcntifh~ ~mctican+ form, in which is fitted a follower or plunger, capable of working freely up and down. C is a bar that is placed on the top of the fol- lower and longitudinally with it, the ends of the bar projecting beyond the ends of the fol- lower, and having a T-shaped slot, a, made vertically in each end. On each end of the bar, C, a cap, D, is placed, having oblong slots made through them. These caps are provided at each end with a handle, c, and on each cap a plate, E is placed, passing between guides, d, which form part of the cap, D. g, into which a spring pawl, K, catches. These pawis are fitted in sockets, L, that can move freely upon the nuts. In these sockets, L, hand levers, M, are placed, to operate the press. Each side of the case or box, A, at its upper part is formed of a series of slats, It, which are placed one over the other between proper guides, so that they may be withdrawn as the follower descends, and the substance within the box is compressed. The operation is as follows :The follower is depressed upon the hops, hay or cotton by The plates are adjusted by crank handles, F, and screws, e, which pass through a central opening in E. To .the bottom of the case or box, A,a bar, G, is attached. This bar prejects beyond the box at each end, and to it a chain, H, is at- tached. To the upper end of the chain a screw, I, is secured, and these screws pass through the inner part of the slots, a, in the bar, c, through the slots in D, through E, and~ a nut is fitted on to each screw above the plate, E. Each nut is surrounded by teeth, turning the hand levers, M, and consequently the nuts, .so that as they are made to descend on the screws, I, they carry C and the fol- lower with them. Should the follower be- come inclined, as the screws, I, have room to. move in the T-shaped slot, a, so that it will operate the follower when inclined, and gradu- ally make it level. ~Mauy of these presses are in use for hop pressing, and give general satisfaction. They are for sale by the inventor and manufacturer, and any information concerning rights, & c., can be obtained by addressing him as above. The object of the inventor of this seed tamed will be seen from the following descrip- planterS. F. Jones, of St. Paul, Ind.has tion and accompanying engraving, which is a been to furnish one in which the operator perspective view of this seed planter. would have a full and perfect control over A is the frame composed of two parallel the distributing device, without regard to the bars to the front ends of which the tongue, B, draught movement of the machine, so that he is secured. The back ends of the bars are could deposit the seed at the precise spot de- connected by a bar, b, to the center of which sired. That this object has been fully at- an upright, c, is attached, which serves as a brace by means of a crossbar for the handles, C. To the back part of A, a wheel, D, is se- cured to support the back of the machine. E is a seed box, supported by bars, e, and a seed or discharging tube, F, the lower end of which is connected with a tube, C-, secured to the underside of the frame, and having a furrow share, H, formed on its lower end. In the upper part of the tube, F, a slide, I, is placed, and a slide, J, is placed in the lower part of the tube, C-. These slides work through the backs of the tubes, and are connected one to the upper, and the other to the lower end of rod, K, which is pivoted in the frame, A. To the upper end of the rod, K, a rod, L, is pivoted, the latter rod working in a guide in the bottom of the seed box. The outer end of the rod, L, is bent upwards, and is fitted in a groove in the slide, M, which works in the bottom of the seed box. N is a rod that is at- tached to M, and to the arm, 0, of the cross- bar, B, to which it is also attached another arm at right angles to the first. This is con- nected by the link, Q, which is also connected with a projection from the tube, 5, that is fitted loosely upon one of the handles. The slide, M, has an oblong longitudinal slot made in it, and an adjustable plate or slide is fitted in this slot, the slide being adjusted by a set screw. By adjusting the plate th~ slot may be made of greater or less capacity as occasion may require. Ia the front end of the feed box, E, a vertical slide, T, is placed; this is provided with a brush or cut-ofl and is regulated by the set screw, q. and this pre- vents the slot becoming piled up with seed and. holding more than its proper quantity. The operation of the machine is simple. The seed to be planted is pieced on the box, E, and the slot in M regulated to contain the proper quantity, then as the machine is drawn along the ground the operator with his right hand turns S half round, first one way and then the other, and by so doing moves the the slides, M I J, so that the seed can be stayed from falling, or permitted to fall in exactly the place required. The coverers, U, then throw soil over it, and D aids in pressing it lightly down. A patent was granted for this invention June 22, 1858, and any further information can be obtained by addressing as above. Vehicles of Intelligence. Newspapers, like nations, have a historical existence. They go to and fro in the avenues of society and exert a powerful in- fluence. Tribes and individuals far removed from hearing what is transpiring among men are always ignorant and degraded. That per- son who uses means to obtain a record of pass- ing events always improves and advances in knowledge; the man who is dead to such in- fluences is dead to his own best interests. Well did the old Greeks know the value of obtaining new information. When voyagers and travelers came to their ports and cities, they were taken to their public marts and re- quested to recite an account of what they had seen and heard abroad. The influence of this custom, before the art of printing was discov- ered, was like that of our modern newspaper; it tended to excite the people, and lead them to achieve reputation in all that was held worthy of being distinguished. The result was, they attained to the loftiest position in learning and the arts in those days, and in many things they are still our masters and instructors. As attainments in the useful arts make men distinguished and nations great, we take oc- casion at the commencement of a new volume to solicit the favor of our constant readers in extending the circulation of a paper devoted to disseminating such information among the people as is useful and elevating. We urge our friends to give us their assistance in pre- senting the claims of the ScIENTIFIc Asrxai- CAN to thcir acquaintances. We have no doubt but there are a great many mechanics. manufacturers, and others, who would become subscribers were our paper brought to their notice, and its character and advantages pointed out by those who know it well. 4 ) CU1VI1YIINGS HOP AND HAY PRESS. Ti JONES SEED PLANTER. #1 ~dentific ~n~erit~rn+ ~cierrtifk ~metican + NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 11, 1858. Tue Great Celebration and the Atlantic Telegraph. Our whole country, from its circumference to the center, has been electrified by the suc- cessful laying of the Atlantic Telegraph that instantaneous highway of thought be- tween the Old and New Worlds. It was an enterprise in regard to which all men wished for success and certainty. Great honor is due to those who devised and organized the pro- ject, and conducted its operations. The in- domitable perseverance which they exhihited under so many difficulties and embarrass- meats of an adverse character, and their final triumph over all these, deserve the highest praise. The names of the most prominent of these partiesField, Morse, Everett, Bright, Hudson, a~nd othershave been held up hefore our people with marked respect. But per- haps the grandest feature in the whole affair was the spectacle of the two greatest nautical and Christain nations in the world employing their resources, and nohlest vessels of war, in carrying out this gigantic scientific and com- mercial undertaking. We hope it may he an augury that war shall hereafter he unknown hetween them, and that in future their rivalry shall be mutual co-operation to advance arts, commerce, and science. Wednesday of last week was set apart as a day of public rejoicing in New York for the success attained in laying the cahle, and we never witnessed on any previous occasion such a grand and universal demonstration. All classes, orders and societies turned out in pro- cession to offer testimony to the feelings gen- erally entertained towards those who were en- gaged in the accomplishment of the triumph- ant event. The officers of the frigate Nia- gara and those of the British war steamer Gorgon were received in style by the city authorities. To Deans was executed in Trinity Church in honor of the occasion. Titled lords, pre- lates and priests graced the spectacle. Magis- trates from distant cities, and soldiers from Canada took part in the services. The crowning arch in the grand cavalcade, how- ever, was the appearance of the ~sdustrial trades. Printers, coopers, millers, car~nters, machinists were there each exhibiting their varied arts as the columns moved onward towards the Crystal Palace, where, in the presence of ten thousand people, David Dudley Field, Esq., pronounced an oration.. It was a most happy sight to see that venera- ble inventor, preacherand scholar, Dr. Nott, enjoying peaceful communication with his Grace the Archbishop Hughes, thus exhibit- ing a most agreeable illustration of the spirit of peace on earth and good will among men, such as is the promise of good things to come. In the evening, there was a brilliant illumi- nation and a gorgeous torchlight procession by the firemen, and, on the whole, no such dis- play has been witnessed here since the first Hollander set his foot on Manhattan Island. The circumstances undoubtedly warranted some such exhibition of public feeling, al- though its keen relish was somewhat blunted in the estimation of many good men when they remembered the fact that it was got up and managed by a mess of swindling officials, who will in some manner make the tax- payers smart for the cotton, paint, liquor and cigars supplied on the occasion at their ex- pense. We can somehow overlook the heart- less part of the exhibition, when we consider this ovation as an acknowledgement due to that power of science which has enabled man to hold converse with his fellow man through the depths of the great sea, through that path spoken of by Job, which no fowl knoweth, and which the vultures eye hatli not seen; the whelps have no lions t trodden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it. ~Kj- 9)7 In regard to the operations of the enter- prize, many superficial and incorrect state- ments have been put forth by various publi- cations. No new invention of any great consequence was involved in laying the cable. Submarine cables had been laid before, but they were on a much smaller scale. The achievement derives its importance from its greatness, as being the most gigantic effort ever made to extend telegraphic communica- tions between distant continents. Whether the Atlantic Cable will ever realize all that has been expeeted from it by sanguine persons remains to be demonstratedthus far it has not. Its operations have, as yet, been of a very puzzling and tedious character. On page 184, Vol. XII., Scmnariric AMERIcAN, the nature of the submarine cable as an electrical conductor was explained. It was there stated to be a vast Leyden jar, and messages could not but travel very slow in itrequiring about six seconds for each signal, and there- fore incapable of transmitting more than about half a column of news in twenty-four hours. As yet it has not come up to this figure; and it has baffled all efforts to work successfully any of our common telegraphic instruments. The messages sent have been by slow time signals, and many very incorrect and con- tradictory statements have been put forth by those interested, which are calculated, to mis- lead the public. Thus in the published state- ment of G. Saward, manager of the line in England, he asserts that the Queens message to the . President, consisting of ninety-nine words, was received in Newfoundland in sixty-seven seconds; Whereas we know, by the published statement of M. de Santy, man- ager at Newfoundland, it took about twenty- four hours. All the messagesand they are but few in numberwhich have been sent, have required a very long time in their trans- mission. With the very best known instru- ments messages will be very slow, and unless some new discovery is made to remove exist- ing obstacles, the Atlantic Telegraph will be of very little general benefit to the commercial people of the two continents. It will un- doubtedly be a great national benefit for special purposes, but that will not meet the wants of the public. The instruments for operating the cable ought to have been ad- justed and in working order long ago. That this has not been done affords reasonable grounds for concluding that greater difficulties have been experienced than were expected. Relation of Masters and ApprentIces. We have often thought that if masters pro- perly comprehended the relation they sustain to their apprentices and employees, their pe- cuniary interest would not only be greatly enhanced, but that a positive good would be rendered to every branch Q~i4dustry in which they are engaged, as well through amore harmonious concert of action as a superior social elevation given to the worthy class under them. To our vieW, this relation is somewhat analogous to that existing between parents and children, so far as the develop- ment of their minds and the instilment of sound principles of morality and industry, the encouragement of skill in manipulation, and the attainment of knowledge are concerned. We believe the observation of a celebrated master, that no one is born without capacity for some branch of industry, is a just one, and that where stupidity exists it is nothing else but neglect of proper discipline and education in the youth of the person thus unfortunately deficient. To establish this fact it needs no fresh arguments of ours to show how extreme- ly ductile, how capable of government and restraint, and how susceptible of instruction human nature is, when approached in the proper spirit of kindness, dignity and respect, which stimulates zeal and ambition, and pro- duces a corresponding return. The first duty of a master should be to pre- sent in himself an example for imitation in the elements of industry, morality, system, and the other attributes which constitute a superior mechanic or workman. There are many apprentices who have so much of the spirit of self-reliance and genius that this ex- ample is not essentially necessary; but if we pursue the reflection, and for the certainty of the rale consider (what no man can fail to observe) the effect the characters of others of a superior rank have upon those immediately connected with them, it will be obvious to all that the master, in a great measure, impresses the inferior with the prominent traits of his character. They should, moreover, observe and study the dispositions and minds of their apprentices, with a view of conciliating their regard and confidence, and through this means to establish a free and familiar inter- course, and render the task of instruction and. development more simple and easy. As the apprentices advance in knowledge and skill, suitable evidences of appreciation and en- couragement should be given them. This will stimulate their ambition and exertion, and create among them a worthy spirit of emulation. Where the character of an apprentice is such as to require a tight rein upon his actions, and the deprivation of privileges, and other suitable punishments for idleness and misconduct, care should be observed that these curbs and punishments do not descend into such acts of tyranny as will destroy the spirit and ambition of the youth, and render him obstinate, unruly, and beyond all future in- fluences of excellence and good. Besides a thorough instruction in his trade or profession, and a sound and healthy education to other- wise render him fit for his social position in life, it should be the aim of a master to instil into his pupil all the scientific and other knowledge possible, even should such know- ledge have no direct bearingupon the business or trade in which he is engaged. Such acts of interest, kindness, and confidence as these, and others of a corresponding character, can- not fail to produce the most marked beneficial resi~lts upon the inter~ts of the master, and theihappiness and condition of the grateful apprentice. ~ -p. The Yellow Fever. Some time ago we remonstrated strongly against the course of Dr. Thompson and the Board of Health of this city, for the careless manner in which infected ships were treated ~by them, and this journal was the first to call the public attention to their official stupidity in allowing the U. S. ship Susquelianna to re- main for three months in the cool weather, without attempting to do anything for her restoration to usefulness, and then when the thermometer got to fever heat, they busily stirred themselves to et her disinfected, by risking the lives of stevedores and others, in a reckless and unnecessary manner. Since that time, many other infected ships have been treated.in the same way, and at this moment there are too many opposite the Quarantine station, which is only six miles from the city. The consequence of this careless conduct is that yellow fever has broken out in three dis- tinct parts of Staten Island. Since writing the above, the whole of the Quarantine buildings have been burned to the ground by a mob, and the sick left un- cared for. The doctors deserve the credit of having stuck to their posts like brave men during the whole of the conflagration. We hope that the perpetrators of the wrong may be apprehended and punished, for it is no way to redress one evil to allow a rufflanly gang to take the law into their own hands. REcovERy or ELEcTRIC CABLEs.The two electric cables which Mr. Brett endeavor- ed in vain, about two years ago, to lay down between Spartiventi, Borea a ad Gallita, have, according to Galigeanis Messenger, been dis- covered, and taken on board an English steamer, which arrived at Elba a few weeks ago. From a casual observation, it appeared to be but slightly affected by abrasion and other causes to which it was subjected during its long residence in the mystic deep. The Progress of Invention. It is with pleasure that we commence this new volume with such a fine list of patents, issued during the past week; and we can con- gratulate the inventors of the country that gradually their noble mission is becoming ap- preciated, as is evidenced by the tribute now so generally bestowed upon those men of genius who have been engaged in laying the Ocean Cable. Perhaps no better evidence of the increasing interest felt in invention and the growing genius of our country can be found in the records of the Patent Office. We can state two facts which will show the rapid progress that has been made. During the year encompassed by Vol. XII of the ScIENTIFIc AMERIcAN, 426 patents were is- sued to persons who had made their applica- tions through our Agency, while in the year just closed, embraced within Vol. XIII, 888 patents were issued to our clients! Making a selection from the List of Claims published in this first number of Vol. XIV., we find AGRICULTURE well represented, and we will proceed to give some idea of the new inventions in this class. In fact, the cultiva- tion of the earth, and the production of ma- chines which facilitate the tilling of the soil, and the gathering of its fruits, are the sub- jects which, more than any other, engage the inventors attention. John D. Tiffts, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, has invented an improvement in separators or winnowers. It consists in having the dis- charge orifice of the fan case provided with a segment shell, by which the size of the ori- fice may be regulated as occasion may re- quire, and using in connection with the slide an adjustable blast director, so that the de- vice is well adapted to winnow large or small grain. L. H. Parson and G. Houston, of Middle- town, N. Y., have invented an improvement in the wire-toothed horse rake. They em- ploy supplemental springs, arranged and con- nected with the teeth, so that while the teeth are properly braced and stayed, they have at the same time the requisite degree of elas- ticity. Next comes an improved clearing device, to be applied to seed drills, invented by 0. H. S. Brumfield, of Centerville, Ind. The in- vention consists in having a series of hooks or curved teeth attached to a rod, the ends of which are fitted in horizontal guides, and connected to pitmen, which are attached to cranks, these parts being so arranged as to clear all weeds and other obstructions from the ground in advance of the drill, and thus prevent its clogging. Messrs. Conklin & Newton, of Stirling, Ill., have produced a novel seed-distributing de- vice, especially applicable to broadcast seed planters. J. B. McCormick, of Versailles, Ky., and W. P. Baker, of Boston, Mass., have invented an improvement in: seeding machines, which relates to a novel means employed for form- ing the drills or furrows, and dropping the send into the ground. The next invention, that of E. L. Lyon, of East Randolph, N. Y., relates to an improve- ment in that class of seeding machines in which the seed-distributing devices are at- tached to the wheels, and are operated by the rotation of the wheels as the machine is drawn along. The invention consists in the peculiar construQtion and arrangement of the distributing devices as applied to the wheels, so that seed may be planted evenly either in check rows or in parallel drills. Joseph D. Smith, of Lancaster, Ohio, has also invented a machine for planting maize, or corn, and other seed, in check rows. The invention consists in a peculiar seed-distribut- ing device, and also in a novel device for form- ing the necessary furrows to receive the seed also in a peculiar arrangement of the fram- ing, whereby the device is allowed to con- form to the inequalities of the ground, and the seed-distributing portion elevated free from the ground, when desired, or when mov 5 (f dcntif~c ~rnetican+ ing from place to place, or in turning at the ends of rows, & c. And last, but not least, W. A. Mahaffy, of Carimona, Minn., has made an improve- ment in the seed-distributing device of seed- ing machines, whereby the seed is discharged in measured quantities from the seed box, and conveyed from thence to the conveying tubes at the bottom of which th~ furrow teeth are formed, the seed being deposited in the fur- rows in quantities precisely the same as they are discharged from the seed box. In STEAM apparatus and appliances we notice the steam cock invented by Albert Fuller, of Cincinnati, Ohio, which is com- posed of a plug of rubber or other suitable elastic material, placed on the valve stem, and fitted between a metallic shield on one side and a metallic cap on the other, the cap having a nut bearing against it. By these means due provision is made to compensate for the wearing of the plug, and the casualty of the forcing of the plug through the valve seat by the pressure of the steam effectually guarded against. J. H. Wiun, of Portage, Wis., has invented an improved apparatus constituting a com- bined safety valve and steam pressure gage, which consists in a very simple method of ap- plying and arranging one or more weighted pendulous rods, and an index and dial in combination with a piston valve and suitable arrangement of steam passages, whereby the escape of steam from a boiler, as soon as it arrives at any desired pressure, is provided for, and any pressure of steam below that at which it is desired to escape, is correctly in- dicated by the index on the dial. Travelers, emigrants, and in fact every one who ever has had to travel in a railway train by night, and who knows the uncomfortable- ness of a night journeyhow the cars rocked, but allowed no sleephow you tried to make yourself comfortable, and could notall who have experienced the inconvenience will thank J. C. Dewitt, of West Bloomfield, N. J., K. Freeman, of Fond du Lac, Wis., and W. Painter, of Wilmington, Del., because each of these inventors has invented a method of ar- ranging seats, and other parts of railway cars, so that without taking away any often neces- sary room in daytime, they can in a few mo- ments be made into sleeping cars, giving a good bed or berth to as many as were seated. We cannot explain them without engravings, but each has some special feature to commend it to a favorable reception by the railroad companies and traveling public. Among those inventions which may be said to promote DOMESTIC EcoNOMY we see many useful improvements. First we may notice the lamp invented by James P. and Ellen Kenyon, of Brooklyn, N. Y. It is especially adapted for burning coal oils or other hydro- carbons, and as these contain variable quan. tities (according to their purity) of carbon and hydrogen, they reqi4re a greater or less supply of air to the flame. To obtain this exact quantity with little trouble, two wicks in separate collapsible wick tubes are em- ployed, and placed at such an angle that their flames meet and join together, while between them a current of air is supplied to support combustion. Outside these wick tubes is a cap or cover, by raising which the wick tubes separate, and consequently more air passes up to feed the flame, and by depressing the cap they are brought closer together, and less afr passes up between them. By lighting the lamp and moving this cap up and down, any one can regulate the amount of air which will fully consume the particular quality of oil then in the lamp, and consequently there is no smoke, and no necessity for a chimney, or any artificial draft creator. G. W. Smith, of Aurora, md., has invented a foot-warmer for forges, which is a chamber or box placed in the ground, or below the flooring adjoining the forge, arid the place where the workman usually stands. This box is supplied with steam generated in a water tweer, if such tweer be used, or if not, a tank iK) ~9) is inserted in the wall of the forge, so that steam may be generated in it, and supplied to the foot-warmer. J. H. Roome, of New York, has made an improvement in tailors and other shears, by forming the handle and upper cutting blade of the shears in two parts, and so connecting the former to the body or shank of the lower cutting blade and to the upper one as to en- able the leverage exerted by the thumb to be gradually increased with the closing of the blades. A. W. Hale, of New Britain, Conn., has in- vented an improvement in portable pressure bells for house use. It consists in the employ- ment of a vertical sliding arbor, which works through the center of the shell of the bell, said arbor having a pin projecting horizontal- ly from it, and also having a spral spring placed around it, the above parts being used in connection with a spring or elastic tongue, provided with a projccting plate, so that a very simple device is obtained for sounding the bell by simply depressing the arbor. A simple, cheap, and efficient coffee-roaster has been invented by Samuel Tower, of Grand Rapids, Mich. It is simply two hollow hemi- spheres of metal, which, fitting together, form a spheroidal or spherical chamber, in which the coffee is placed to be roasted. The, axle on which it is rotated forms a lock to keep the two parts together, and it is equally applica- ble for household or manufacturers use. The ladies have lately given much employ- ment to inventive genius, and the ingenuity of many inventors has expanded in direct pro- portion with the size of those much abused, but graceful additions to the female formthe hoops. A. Smart, of New York, has inventad an improved metallic clasp for securing the hoops to the tapes of skeleton skirts. This clasp is a small plate of metal secured to the hoop, and the tape passes through slits in the back, and is there held secure. It is simple and convenient, doing away with all knots, and other annoyances. A. G. Davis, of Watertown, Conn., has in- vented a new parasol and sun umbrella. The invention consists in having the hanale of the parasol, sun shade, or sun umbrella formed of two parts, one part being fitted into and al- lowed to slide in and out from the other, and used in connection with a stop and pressure bar, slide ferrule, and hub, the whole being arranged so that the handle may be extended or lengthened as the implement is opened, and shortened as it is closed or folded. J. T. B. Rogers, of New York (assignor to G. B. Sloat, of Philadelphia, Pa.), has invent- ed a new device for producing tension on the needle thread of sewing machines. The in- vention consists of two conical surfaces, one of which is concave, and forms a cap to the other, which is convex, and an adjusting screw and spring, the whole being combined to produce upon the thread passing between the cones, friction, which is sufficiently varia- ble to produce a degree of tension on the thread that can be regulated with extreme delicacy. John Agnew, of Columbia, S. C., has in- vented an improved coupling for securing to- gether the ends of metal bale hoops, which consists in having a small metal casting with a longitudinal slit in it, of double taper form, and having the ends of the hoops doubled, or bent over in loop form, so that the same may bind or become wedged in the casting, forming a perfect fastening. William Todd, of Cherryfield, Me., has in- vented a combination of rollers, placed at such an obtuse angle with each other, and a taper- ing roller placed beside them, so that pieces of lumber may be rolled on to them and guided to the tapering roller without regard to the position of the loop. It is intended to facili- tate the piling, removal or stowage of logs or lumber. Issachar A. Hansell, of Springfield, Ill., has produced a drawing-board for perspective drawing. It has an adjustable cnrved strip fitted in each side of the board, the outer edges of the strips being curved parts and forming guides for the square, the curves being struck or formed from the vanishing point or points of distance of the object to be drawn, and determining the proper angle at any point of their curved surface for the van- ishing lines. The board has also straight guides at each side in order that the squavei, when required, may be adjusted parallel with the base of the board. Jeremiah Howard, of New York, has made an improvement in mills for crushing sugar- cane, which consists in applying, by suitable means, hydraulic pressure to the lower roller of a crushing mill, so that the rollers will be allowed to yield or give, and the space be- tween them and the upper rollers be regulatcd according to the work to be performed. An invention which has long been wanted, is supplied by A. Pearsall, of Nashville, Tenn., who employs an in~lined mandrel, clamps and welding roller, arranged so that in the machine, bellows pipes and nozzles may be closed and welded in a very expedi- tious and perfect manner. The carding machine has received some im- provement from C E. Price and J. Haythorn, of Thompsonville, Cona. The invention con- sists in the employment of a revolving spi- rally-grooved or threaded cylinder, applied be- low tho comb which removes the fleece from the doffer, and near to and parallel with the doffer, for the purpose of receiving the fleece as it is struck from the doffer by the comb, and conveyin~, the same away by means of its revolution, in a direction parallel with the axis of the doffer, through a tube arranged at one side of the machine. By this contrivance they are enabled to produce a better quality of yarn from stock of given quality, and make very little waste. In making carriages more comfortable,~and providing for the safety of persons who take the easy exercise of carriage riding, we notice two inventions. The first is a carriage bow prop invented by D. B. Wright and L. Saw- yer, of Amesburg, Mass., the object of which is to obviate the difficulty attending the pre- sent mode of attaching props to carriage bows. By the present mode of attachment the leather or covering of the top is not al- lowed to work or move around the prop, and consequently it is liable to wrinkle, as the braces or rods which the props support are moved, and the top raised and lowered. The usual strain, also, to which the leather is sub- jected, is avoided, and the improvement makes a better finish, adding considerably to the appearance of calash tops, and also al- lows mechanics better facilities for finishing or binding off the top. John C. Dewitt, of West Bloomfield, N. J., has invented a new buckle for securing har- ness traces and hame tugs, the obj ect of which is to obtain a buckle or fastening for securing the traces of harnesses to their hame tugs without injuring the traces as is the case with the ordinary buckle, and at the same time to obtain also a fastening that will admit of a ready adjustment and form a sure connection. Here we must stop, and yet there are many other valuable inventions in this weeks List of Claims which we must, from want ofspace, omit to notice, but we have at any rate shown a sufficient number to demonstrate the wide range that invention takes, and to prove the progress of mechanical science. PuBLIc FoUNTAINs.The citizens of Bir- mingham, Eng., not having spent all the money which they appropriated for the re- ception of Queen Yictoria in their city, have devoted the surplus to the erection of public fountains. Why cannot all our cities imitate Philadelphia, Liverpool, Paris and other cities, in this, and provide plenty of fountains, to gush forth cooling water, to cheer and im- prove the thirsty, weary inhabitants. We are forcibly impressed with the statement that the money appropriated was not all expended. No such libel as this has ever been charged against the managers of similar affairs in this city. Psasoas who write to us, expecting replies through this column, and these who may desire to make con- tributions to it of brief interesting facts, must always observe the strict rule, viz., to furnish their names, otherwise we cannot place confidence in their com- munications. MtTLTUE IN PABvOIn 1610, David Ilamseye, the Kings Poet, took out a patent in England, No. 51, em- bracing the following points First, To multiply and make saltpetre in an open field, in four acres of ground, sufficient to serve in his Majestys dominions. Second, To raise water from low pits by fire. Third, To make any sorts of mills to go on standing water by continual motion, without the help of winds, weight or horse. Fourth, To make all sorts of tapestry without any weaving loom or way ever yet in use in this kingdom. Fifth, To make boats, ships and barges go against wind and tide. Sixth, To make the earth fertile more than usual. Seventh. To raise water in a new way. Eightb, To make hard from soft and copper to be tough and soft, and to make yellow wax white very speedily. W. W. H., of TexasThe conical ball, with the charge in a hollow at the rear, as described in the New Orleans Delta as a Russian improvement, is not new. Such balls have been used in the United States. TunuaAa Asa RMawAv.S. T., of Philadelphia, in. quires: Was there not a patent issued a few years since for the transmission of mails through pipes by at mospheric pressure? Has it been abandoned, or is inventor still sanguine of success 0 The idea referred to for carrying mails is old, but a patent was issued a few years since for an improved mode of accomplishing the object. The invention was illustrated and de- scribed on page 261, Vol. VIII, Sos. AM. We believe the inventorI. S. Richardson, of Boston,is still sanguine of success. Ann AnOUT A Sieurr BoxThe original inventor of the Ayreshire snuff boxes, so well-known in Great Britain, was a cripple, hardly possessing the power of locomotion. They are made of wood, admirably join- ed, painted and varnished, and wore first manufac- tured about sixty years since. Instead of taking out a patent, the inventor intrusted his secret to a joiner in the village, who in a few years amassed a great fortune, while the other died as he had lived, in the greatest poverty. Speaking of snuff-boxes, snuff-taking took its rise in England in 1702. (iunsossTv.The popular belief that young birds are assisted in escaping from the shell by the parent, is re- futed by a talented author. The beak of the chicken is tipped with a bony point; this is protruded through the shell, and afterwards drops off. By means of its feet as levers, the animal turns itself little by little, till by degrees the whole top of the large end of the egg is cut cleanly off, and thus the prisoner is set free. J. C. S., of MassYour communication of the 26th nit. is placed among our private files. If you go on at this rate there will soon be nothing remaining undis- covered in the projectiles for efficient manslaughter. T. M., of VaMessrs. Phelps, Dodge & Co., of this city, are extensive importers and dealers in tin plate. This firm is very reliable, and you can safely remit money to them. A. H. G., of Vtif a straw cutter, a washing ma- chine, a saw, a coffee mill, & c., are all arranged to be operated by a single shaft, such combinatin could not be patented. Each of these machines would fulfil its appropriate function independently of the other, there- fore there is no proper combination. To make the matter plain, the coffee mill could do its grinding with- out the aid of the washing machines. TsaxeEArIis.A Philadelphia correspondent inquires if Franklin did not invent the first electric telegraph, he having sent an electric current through the Schnylkill river, and made signals in 1746, thus demon- strating that electric messages could be sent great dis- tances nearly a hundred years before Professor Morse invented his telegraph (1631). Franklin accomplished the result mentioned by our correspondent, but a like effect bad been produced in 1729 by Messrs. Wheeler and Grey, in England. The electricity which they em- ployed was frictional, and could not be successfully ap- plied to public telegraphing. Voltaic electricity was not then discovered. The application of electricity to telegraphing was essayed by various persons long before Professor Morse invented his telegraph; but his in- vention is entirely different from all his predecessors. He did for the telegraph what Watt did for the steam engine, and he put up the first really successfdl line of public telegraph (in 1644) in our country. Caocxs.A correspondent in Cincinnati inquires: where were clocks first made in America; and how have Yankee clocks gained such a world-wide reputa- tion I, We cannot answer the first question positively, but clocks were manufactured at a very early date in Hartford and Litchfield, Conn. A patent was granted to Benjamin Hanks, of Litchfield, in 1781, for a self- winding clock, and at that pesiod the wooden time- pieces of New England had acquired a high character. Their works were made of well-seasoned wood, care- fully finished, and they kept accurate time. At an eariy date Philadelphia had also acquired a high char- acter for clock-making; and some years before the Revolution, the celebrated David Rittenhouse, of that city, made calendar clocks which gained him the praise of the most skillful mechaniciaSis in Europe. C. C., of TexasWe do not profess the practice of physic, nor do we take diagnosis of diseasesthese offices belong to the professional physician; but we can tell you how to prepare a liniment that may be useful in removing your rheumatic pains :Take one pint of brandy (we dont mean the stuff commonly sold as ciewtif~c ~n~ctican+ brandy), one ounce of gum camphor, one ounce of salt- peter, and one pint beefs gall, thoroughly mixed, and briskly applied to the surface either with tice band or with a soft flannel. It may do you no good, but it has helped some of our friends very mccli. T. W. H., of 111.In the eeoc you mention of light- ning leaving the rod and paseing from the tin roof to the bell wires of the house, we are inclined to think that the rod was imperfect. Our reason for supposing that lightning reds should not be disconnected from roofs was, that should the flash strike the roof, the rod would conduct it away; and in our opinion it would never leave a good conducting rod to go to a painted roof. INvENTORYou lead better have put your case into our hands at first. Depend upon it, no patent agency can be successful without an efficient branch at Wash- ington. We do not, under any circumstances, trust any of our cases in the hands of other agents. Our office in Washington is under the care of the same firm as the one in this city, therefore no outside examina- tion or exposure is possible. ~sVe would caution all in- ventors to besvare not to allow their cases to pass through too many hands. A. S. M., of 111.The patent law does not prescribe any penalty for selling an unpatented article for a pat- ented one, except where such article is stamped or otherwise marked with tise word patent, or like de- vice, with a view of imitating the mark or stamp of an existing patent or of a patentee, or with a view of de- ceiving the public, in whish case the offending party is liable to a penalty of $100one-half to go to the party who shall sue for the same. II. L. S., of N. Y.We do not know of any machine in use for cutting up rough tallow. You had better ex- plain to us more fully what you ~vant, and we will see what can be done for you. C. C., of N. Y.You could scarcely trump up an older contrivance for a water wheel than to employ a series of buckets upon an endless chain, it wont do. You have now tried twice without success, but do not be discouraged. You leave some inventive genius, but it needs nourishment. B. W., of N. Y.Address a letter to the care of the party whose address we last gave you. G. H., of VaYou had better prepare and send us an advertisement, and no doubt you will have your wants supplied. We are surprised to learn that the State of Virginia has no State Chemist. A FARM of eight hundred acres was sold in England the other day for tics enormous sum of two hundred dollars per acre. TuE SLATE TRADEFrom one district in North Wal 5 120,011 tune of slate are annually exported. TuE bellows of the organ in Carlisle (Beg.) Cathe- dral is blown by water power. G. A. G., of AlaA disinfectant used in the British navy is a highly concentrated solution of chloride of zinc, which is certainly preferable to chloride of lime, where the corrosive power or strong odor of the latter is objectionable, as in the sick chamber or close ship. S. W. Y., of B. iYour sketch represents a pneu- matic telegraph composed of a long line tubs furnished with a glass tithe at each end, in which is a plunger to force in the air and operate signals, by mercury rising and falling to certain biglets, indicated by letters of ties alphabet. It is wholly unsuited for practical purposes, and there is little that is new ip its design. A hy- draulic telegraph on the same principle was proposed to us several years since. H. L., of OhioIn the list of patents that appear in this paper thirty-five were granted to inventoss whose applications were presented through ties Scientific American Patent Agency. it is a fact worthy of note that no similar agency in the world has ever taken the same number of patents in one week. We have a strong force, and are able to bestow the utmost care up- on all our eases. You can depend upon it that what we cannot obtain for you is scarcely worth undertaking to get elsewhere. HUMAN HAIR.-.-Tbere are two hundred thousand lbs. weight of womens hair annually sold in France, and time price paid for it is usually six cents an ounce. OTTAR OF Eosz.One hundred thousand roses are required to give a yield of 188 grains of ottar, or oil of roses. W. J. S., of N. Y.Walkers arrangement for con ducting lightning from telegraph lines, to prevent overcharges from destroying the magnets, & c., is de- scribed on page 101 of Turubull on the Electric Tele- graph. M. F., of BostonWe have received your first arti- cle; it is excellent. Be pleased to furnish the others as soon as possible, so what we may have them all on band when wc commence to publish. H. C., of N. J.The band and pulley brake for stopping railroad trains was invented nearly twenty years ago by George S. Gregg, of Boxbury, Mass. It was first applied by the Boston and Worcester Rail- road. ENGINEERThe first cost of English railroads is much greater than in this country, but this difference is more than made by the greater economy of the Eng- lish lines. In the consumption of fuel alone the differ- ence in favor of the English roads is about sixty per cent. The average cost of fuel on our lines is $10,000.- 000, on the English, $7,500,000. The difference in an- nual expense is $71,000,000 in favor of English lines. C. G., of N. Y., asks if we can explain the reason why a person is taller in the morning than at night. This difference is said to be about half an inch, and is owing to the relaxation of the eartilages. G. A., of MassYou are wrong. The steamer Lex- ington was burned on the evening of the 13th of Janu- ary, 1840. Some cotton in bales was stored around the smoke pipe, and it took fire, and although within sight of land, all but four persons on board perished. The number of persons lost was nearly 150. S. XV. B., of N. Y.The method exhibited in your sketch of adjusting the beam of a plow by a transverse slot and bolt in the standard is not new. Browns poly- chromatic printing press we consider a superior inven- tion; but you must judge for yourself as to the pro- priety of engaging in its manufacture. We cannot de- cide such questions. Money received at the Scientific American Office on account of Patent Office business, for the week ending Saturday, September 4, 1858 C.P.S.,ofS. C.,$2i; E. A.G.,of Pa.,$30; G.M., of Mass.. $21; M. & E., of ill., $10; XV. XV. ,of Del., $55; A. E. & S. N. MeG. ,of Miun., $12; V. II. B., of N. Y.. $10; W. B. C., of Pa., $05; A. H. W., of N.Y., $25: W. & J., of Cone., $21; J. B. Jr., of Mass., $25; K. & F., of Mass., $10; A. P., of Mass,, $21; A. MeY., of Ohio, $30; H. & P., of N. Y., $30; E. S., of Vt., $50; J. & B. MeM., of N. Y., $25; J. L. B., of N. Y., $25; P. lii., of Mich., $25 G S., of Mo., $15; C. L. Thof Pa., $32: W. H., of N.Y., $25: W. II., ofPa, $10; J~ B. I-I., of Coen,, $30; A. B., of Vt., $10; J. H. Cof N. Y.. $100; H. C. S., of Ohio, $10; J. F. B., of IlL, $25; G. B., ofMo., $30; S.D. B., ofWis., $25; P. W. G. & Co., of Ill., 50; I. W. H., of N.Y., $50; XV. $1., of N. Y., $25; H. N. B.,of N. Y.,$12; J. H. L., ofN. Y., $57; K.& E.,ofMass.,$iO; H. & M.,of N. Y., $10; XV. G., of N. Y., $210; C. J. C. P., of Iowa, $00; XV. T. F., of Teen., $44; J. M., of Wis., $55; XV S., of Pa., $60; S. S. S., of Pa., $10; J E B ofIll $10; H. E., of Iowa, $30; T. B., of N. Y., $10; D. W. H., of Mo., $00; J. A. W., of , $30; H. E., ofN. J.,$30; W. S. W., of L. I., $12; J. P. B.,of N. Y.,$25. Specifications and firs wings belonging to parties with the following initials heve been forwarded to the Pat- ent Office during the week ending Saturday, Septem- ber 4, 1858: P. M., of Mich.; W. M., of N.Y.; E. U. B., of WOe.; G. F. & M. J., of N. Y.; A. E. & S. N. MeG., of Mine.; W. H., of N. Y.; J. B., of Coen.; C. L. B., of Pa.; J. F. B., of IlL; W. & J., of Cone.; A. P., of Mass.; J. L.B.,ofN.Y.; C. P. P.,of S.C.; A. W. D.,ofMe.; H. II., of led.; W. T. F., of Teen.; S. C. H., of N. V.; W. S. W., ofN. Y.; T. E.McN.,of Ps.; G. & H., of Ill.; J. B. Jr., of Mass.; II. N. B., of N. Y.; J. C.,ofWis.; J. P. Bof N.Y.; ED. L., of N.Y.; I. B., of Texas; D. B. K., of Cone.; C. B. C., of B. I.; B. T. S., of Ill.; G. 101., of Mass.; A. H. W., of N. Y.; G. F. & C., of IlL; I. P. E., of led.; J. & B. MeM., of N. Y.; A. N. MeE., of Mo. Total, 35 eases. VALUABLE HINTS TO OUR READERS. It is well known to all our readers that we employ no traveling agents. In order to become a subscriber to the SoecceTlelo AMERICAN, enclose the money in a letter, and address it to Menu & Co., 128 Fulton street, New York City. We depend upon our friends to aid us in getting sub. scribers and forwarding the names. The safest way to send money is by a draft or check made payable to our order. It is more sure of reach- ing us than when sent in bank bills. If bank bills are sent, we will assume the risk of them reaching us, when subscribers preserve a description of the bills, and take a Postmasters receipt to show that the money has been mailed. Many letters sent to us are without Post-office ad- dress or signature, and therefore cannot be answered. When you order the SoceceTwec A Eloise, be careful to give the name of time Post-office, County, and State to wlmich you wish the paper sent. And when you change your residence, and desire your paper changed accordingly, state the name of botle Poet-officeswhere you have been receiving it, and where you wish it sent in future. NUMBERS OF VOLUME XIII. We cannot supply Nos. 22, 23, 31. 32, 14, 15, 16, and 18 of the last volume, but we can furnish Vol. XIII. complete and boned for $2 75. Postage, 90 cents. ilIERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENT A SOLICITORSMessrs. MUNN & CO., Proprie- tors of the SCIENTif IC AMERICAN, continue to procure patents for inventors in the United States and all foreign countries on the most liberal terms. Our experience is of thirteen years standing, and our facilities are un- equaled by any other agency in the world. The long experience we have had in preparing specifications and drawings has rendered us perfectly conversant with the mode of doing business at the United States Patent Office, and with most of the inventions which have been patented. Information concerning the patentability of inventions is freely given, without charge, on sending a model or drawing and description to this office. Consultation may be had with the firm, between nine and focer oclock, daily, at their principal office. 128 Folton street, New York. We established, over a year ago, a Branch Office in the City of Washington, on ties corner ci F and Seventh streets, opposite the United States Patent Office. This office is under the general superintendence of one of the firm, and is in daily communication with the Principal Office in New York, and personal attention will be given at the Patent Office to all such cases as may require It. In- ventors and others who may visit Washington, having business at the Patent Office, are cordially invited to call at our office. Communisations and remittances should be addressed to MUNN & COMPANY, No. 128 Fulton street, New York. FIVE RECENT VALUABLE PATENTS Stave Machine, Heading Machine, Saw Mill, Saws for mills or otherwise, and Churn. Send a stamp and get a circular for each or any one of them. Bargains for mechanics or agents. Town, County, or State rights for sale. Address or apply to H. BROWN, Patentee, No. 121 Nassau st., New York. 1~ CLOSE OUT THE EDITION I WILL send the Mechanics Guide (contains tables, rules, recipes, hints, & c., useful to mechanics, farmers, and others,) to any address, post paid, on receipt of three red stamps. J. PHIN, Rochester, N. Y, B OOKS AND PERIODICALS FOR THE Trade, and School Libraries, and private persons, imported by the single copy or in quantity, from England, France, and Germany. School libraries and public institutions receive their books free of duty. Orders forwarded weekly by the steamers. Catalogues and cheap lists furnished gratis, or mailed on receipt of postage stamps. American Books in every department furnished promptly to order, and on the most favorable terms, and single copies mailed to any part of the United States on receipt of their value. We ovill sup- ply the following English periodicals at the prices named :Practical Mechanics Journal (monthly), $3. The Builder, a Journal for Architects, Engineers, Op- erators and Artists (monthly), $6. The Artizan, a Monthly of the progress of Civil and Mechanical En- gineering, Shipbuilding, Steam Navigation, & e., $4. Engineer and Architects Journal (monthly), $7. Me- chanics Magazine (monthly), $4 50. Josernel of Gas- Li,hting (semi-monthly), $o. Payment in all esees re- quired in advance. WILEY & HALSTED, 1 No. 351 Broadway, New York. ECOND.HAND MACHINISTS TOOLS K~Viz., Engine and Hand Lathes, Iron Planers, Drills, Chuck Lathe, Gear Cutter and Vises, all in good order, and for sale low for cash. Also one n first-class Woodwortle Planheg and Matching Machine. Address FRANKLIN SKINNER, Agent, 14 Whitney avenue, New Haven, Cone. 1 13 (~1 ORLISS PATENT STEA~I ENGINES ~-I About 210, most of them from 40 to 400 horse power, are now in operation. On application, pamphlets will be sent (by mail), containing statements of responsible manufacturing companies where these engines have been furnished, for the saving of fuel, in periods varying from 21~ to 5 years. Boilers, shafting, and gearing. CORLISS STEAM ENGINE CO., 1 4 Providence, B. I. IAT OODBURYS IMPROVED WOODWOETH VYPlaning, Tonguing and Grooving Machines, are warranted to be vastly superior to any other machines in this country. When exhibited, they have always received the highest premium. Two gold medals have been awarded. Six patents have been granted to se- cure the improvements on timese machines. All sizes constantly for sale, by JAMES A. XVOOD- BURY, 09 Sudhury street, Boston. 1 8 IVETS. IRON BRIDGE, SHIP GIRDER, LI Boiler, Tank, Tender, Gasometer, and Stove Rivets. Railroads, Locomotive and Machine Shops, Gasome- ter Manufacturers, & c., supplied with every kind of rivet used in the trade. PHILLIPS & ALLEN, Rivet Works, Pennsylvania avenue, west of 22.1 st., Phihadelpimia. 1 4* EN~ffiAI~NG ON WOOD AND iIIECIJANI- NOTING, by RICHARD TEN LYCK, Jr., 128 Fulton street, New York, Engraver to the Scien- tific Arnerecan. 1 4* WAI)SWORTII & CO., C~, acurers of improved patent Oscillating Steam Engine, witic variable governor cut-off Shop, county, and State rights for sale. Also one-half the patent for Great Britain. For illustration see SOL AM., Vol. 13, No. ii. Cireulars with testimonials, & e., sent by mail on application to CRIDGE, WADSWORTH & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 1 T RON AND COMPOSIT ION CASTINGS, .3. tIcehled Rolls, Mill Gearing, Fan Bloevere, Trip Hameners, Sleaftin~, Shears, Presses, India Bobber Cahenders, Griudieb and Cutting Machines, Turbine and Center-vent Water Wheels, also contracts made for Breast and Oversimot XVood Wimeels, also cinders ta- ken for the manufacture of patented macleinery of all kinds, by the BIRMINGHAM IRON FOUNDRY, Birmuieghane, Cone. 1 tf SHELDON BASSETT, President. EVERY 1IIILLWRICHT, ALL MILL- 5, and those interested in leydrodynane- ice, should become acquainted within the merits and principles of the improved Fourneyron Turhine XVater Wheel, or time Universal Turbine, a wheel the most economical in the use of water, and giving the highest percentage, with a partially raised gate, of any yet dis- covered. It gives from 75 to 07 per cent of poinver, ac- cording to time size of wheel and head employed. For information address S. K. BALDXVIN, Laconia, N. H. N. BFor low falls of one, two, or three feet, also forany fall, it will surpass all others. 1 1 THIRTIETH ANNUAL FAIR OF THE INSTITUTE at the Crystal Palace, in the city of New YorkThe Managers announce that the Exhibition will be opened on Wednesday, the 13th day of September next. The Palace will be prepared for the reception of goods on and after thee 7th of Sept. Machinery and imeavy articles will be received and stored after the 1st of July. This exhibition is intend- ed to embrace Machinery and New Inventions, Manu- factures of all descriptions, and Agricultural and Hor- ticultural Productions of every kind. Gold, silver and bronze medals, silver cups, and dihmiomas will be awarded on the report of concpetent and inepartial judges. Tiec Mana~ers would imempress upon exheibitors the imps ance of making early application for thee space they wisle to occupy. Cireulars eontainin~ full particulars can be had by applying to XYM. B. LEON- ARD, Correspondin~ Secretary of the Institute, No. 031 Broadway, New lierk, to whom all communications should be addresseS. Dv order of thee Managers, F. W. GEISS1s~NHAINER, JR., Chairman. JOHN W. CHAMBERS, Secretary. 1 1 ~ HEARS! SClSSORS! SCISSORS! ShEARS 1 K~ WENDT & SEYMOUR, Hoe & Co.s Building, 31 Gold street, New York. Manufacture and have for sale Simears and Scissors of every description of the beet aueiity and finish, with silver-plated orjapanued ban- 1 1 NGRAVING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION .Ui4 Machinery, Patents, Maps, & e., by WM. J. DAR- KER, No. 21 North Sixth street, Philadelphia, Pa. 1 4 DICKPOCIiETS FOILEDA NEW THING .1. Sells rapidly. Send stamp for agency. 1 1 DICKINSON & BATE, Hudson, Micim. TJ~ 0 HARDWARE MERCHANTS WE .3. send(free of postage) for one staenp the experience of forty of the most proneinent agriculturists in the United States in the use of Goulds Patent Husking Thimbles, also the experience of agents in their sale, our terms to the trade, & c. And for one dollar, six sets of the thimbles (assorted sizes), with directions for neing, & e., will be sent. Money sent by mail at our risk. Address J. H. GOULD & CO., Sole Proprietors, Alliance, Ohio. 1 1 TJARRISONS GRIST MILLSb, 30,30 AND .1.1. 48 inches diameter, at $100, $200, $300 and $400, with all the modern improvements. Also, Portable and Stationary Steam Engines of all sizes, suitable for said Mills. Also, Bolters, Elevators, Belting, & e.,.& c. Apply to S. C. HILLS, 12 Platt st., New York. 1 clw FIFTH EDITIONCATALOGUE CONTAIN- ing 250 illustrations of Mathematical, Optical and Philosophical Instruments, wlth attachment of a large sheet representing the Swiss instruments in their ac- tual size and shape, will be delivered, on application, to all parts of the United States, by sending 12 cents in postage stamps. C. T. AMSLER, 1 Seow No. 635 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. AY STATE PLANER AND MATCHER, B with wrought iron cutter-head and Fitte Patent Feed Works to surface, 24 inches wide, made by J. A. FAY & CO., Worcester, Mass. 1 4eow p EAD THISHUGHES MISSOURI HAND LI Corn Plantertook first premium at United States Fair, September, 1857, in trial testnow ehal- hen~es all others. Patented November, 1835, and Sep- tember, 1857. County and State rights for sale. Send for a circular. Real estate taken in exchange for riglets. Address D. W. HUGHES, Palmyra, Ms. 1 5 GREAT FAIR OF THE AMERICAN IN- STITUTE at the Crystal PalaceArticles will be received and located ou and after Tuesday. Septem- ber 7th. Entrance on Fortieth st. Exhibitors are re- quested to send their articles without delay. 1 2 F. W. GEISSENHAINER, Jr., Chairman. fl ALLOONS FOR SALETWO NEW BAL .LJloons mu esneplete order for ascensions. One of 1,000 lbs. power, the other 400 lbs. Apply to JOHN XVISE, Lancaster, Pa. 1 4eomv OIL 1FOR RAILROADS, STENOI-~ .7 ERS, and for machinery and burning. Peases Improved Machinery and Burning Oil will save fifty per cent., and will net gum. Tbi* oil possesses quali- ties vitally essential for lubricating and burning, and found in no other oil. It is offered to the public upon the most reliable, thorough and practical test. Our most skillful engineers and machinists pronounce it superior and cheaper than any other, and the onl)~ oil that is in all cases reliable and will not gum. Ties Scientific American, after several tests, pronounced it superior to any other they have ever used for ma- chinery. For sale only by the inventor and manufac- turer F. S. PEASE, 01 Main it., Buffalo, N. V. N. idReliable orders ffiled forany part of the United States and Europe. 1 13 m HE WORKS OF THE AUBIN GAS CO., .3. (Genefal Office, No. 44 State it., Albany, N. V.,) ae now perfected, are adapted to all materials and lo- calities, and are in successful operation in villages, fac- tories, and private dwellings. For full information as to cost, probable income of public works, & c., apply as above. For plans & c see SCIEISTIFIC AMERICAN of March 11th. ~ 1 25 TEAM ENGINES, STEAM BOILERS, K) Steam Pumps. Saw and Grist Mills, Marble Mills, Rice Mills, Quartz Mills for gold quartz, Sugar Mills, Water XVheels, Shafting and Pulleys. The largest as- sortment of the above in the country, kept constantly on hand by WM. BUBDON, 102 Front street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 126 1IJFACRINE BELTING, STEAM PACKING, LY.3. ENGINE HOSEThe superiority of these arti- cles, manufactured of vulcanized rubber, is established. Every belt svill be warranted superior to leather, at one-third less price. The Steam Packing is made in every variety, and warranted to stand 100 dogs. of heat. The hose never needs oiling, and is warranted to etand any required pressure; together with all varieties of rubber adapted to mechanical purposes. Directions, prices, & c., can be obtained b~ mail or otherwise at our warehescese. NEW YORK BELTING AND PA(5KING COMPANY. JOHN H. CHEEVEB, Treasurer, No. S Dey street, New York. 1 13 VAM~S SPEEDWELL lRON WORKS, cristown, N. J., manufacture Craigs Patent Double-acting Balance Valve Oscillating Steam Engines bothe stationary aimfi poe-table, Knowles Patent Muley, Portable, Gang and Be-sawing Mills, Sugar and Chinese Cane Mills and Sugar Pans, Grist Mills, Miii Irons, ilich s XVater-wheels, Forgings and Castings. Orders for the above, and all descriptions of labor-saving ma- chinerv will receive prompt attention. JOHN H. LIDGERWOOD & CO., 112 No. 9 Gold street, New York. WROUGHT IRON PIPE, CAST . IRON !V P1 PR, Galvanized Iron Pipe (a substitute for lead), Stop Cocks and Valves, Boilers and Boiler Flues. Pumps of all kinds sold at the lowest market rates by JAMES 0. MORSE & CO., 70 John it., and 29, 31 and 13 Platt it., New York. 1 8 T 0 IRON FOUNDERS AND PIPE 11 ANU- CTUREIIS.I will sell time ri4et to use and furnish the best Core Bars extant, for molding all kinds of Green Scud Cores on a imolIow bar, for three-inch pipe and sspwards. GRO. PEACOCK, Dalton, Ga. 1 6 T AP-WELDEI) IRON BOILER TUBES- LA Proeers PatentEves article necessaryto drill the tube-plates and set the tu~ee in the best manner. THOS. PROSSER & SON, 28 PlaIt it., New York. 1 5 C ARYS CELEBRATED DIRECT ACTING Self-Adjusting Rotary Force Pump, unequalled in the world for ties purpose of raising and forcing water, or any other fluid. Manufactured and sold by CARY & BRAINARD, Brockport, N. V. Also fur sale by J. C. CARY, 240 Broadway, New York City. ii DECKS PATENT DROP PRESS ALL .1. sizes, used for stampin~ copper or tin wore, silver ware ornaments, spoons, & c., and for forging gun work, lock work, carriage clips, & c. Also power and foet punching presses, and oval die ehneks. Manufac- tured by MILO PECK & CO., I Whitney avenue, New llaven, Cone. i 14 STEAM ~VIIISTLES IMPROVED PAT- terns for hecomotive and stationary engines. A large assortment constantly on hand. Manufactured by HAYDEN, SANDERS & CO., 1 5 1110 Pearl it., New York. ~~ AGENTS WANTED TO SELL 5 uuu four new inventions. Agents leave ecade over $23,000 on one. Better than all other similar agencies. Send four stamps and get eielmtv pages par- ticulars, gratis. EPHEAIK BROWN, 1 5 Lowell, Mass. PATENT RIGIIT.FOR SALEA VALUA- ble patent right for England for an article intro- duced in tunis country sufficiently to fully test its merits. Apply to TUTTLE & BAILEY, No. 301 Pearl it., New York. 1 1 J & WM. W. CUMBERLANDS IMPROVED Patent Metallic Oil, for machinery and burning. Warranted to last longer than sperm oiL Manufactur- ed only by the New York Cumberlaud Metallic Oil XVorks, fest of East 24th it. Office, No. 205 Broadway, New York. Under the inventors superentendenee. N. BSee that our brand New York Cumberland Stetallic Oil Works, foot of East 24th street, is upon every package, however smalL 1 10 GUILD & GARRISONS STEAM PUMPS for all kinds of independent steam pumping, for sale at 55 and 57 First street, Williamsburgh, L. I., and 301 Pearl street, New York. 1 10s GUILD, GARRISON & CO. W OODWORTH PLANERSIRON FRAMES to plane 18 to 24 inches wideat $90 to $110. For sale by S. C. HILLS, 12 Platt street New York. 1 26 WI~IN~TON IILLS EMERY CON- en will look for copyrigiet label on eacle cask, by whounsoever sold, and they will be sure of time best emery. Casks contain 200 pounds each. Testimoniuls of its superiority from Collins Axe Co., and many others. GRO. H. GRAY & DANFOETH, 1 9 Boston, Mass. These machines have no rival.[Scientifle American. & XVILSONS SEWING MA- TV CHINES, 143 Broadway, New York, received the highest premiums awarded in 1857 by time American Institute. New York; Maryland Institute, Baltimore; and at time Mains, Connecticut, Illinois. and Michigame State Fairs. Saud for a circular cont~iniug editorial and scientific opinions, testimonials from persons of the highest social ~ssitlon, & e. 1 tf HAThTh~SON~S 20 AND 30 INCH GRAIN constantly hand. Address New Haven Manufacturing Co., New Haven, Cone. 1 11 RON PLANERS AND ENGINE LATHES of all sizes, also Hand Lathes, ~rilhs, Bolt Cut- WI tere, Gear Cutters, Chucks, & c.. on hand and finishing. ~ Theses tools are of supesior quality and are for sale low for cache or approved paper. For cuts giving full deserip- & . tion and prices, address New Haven Manufacturing z~) ~ Cs., New haven, Cone. 113 ~ ~ C * K 7 ~citncc an~ ~vt+ Extraction of Silver from Copper Ores. Kocubly, in speaking of the extraction of silver from copper ores, at the Maiden Smelt- ing Works, near Freiberg, says that the process observed is an economical and ef- ficient one: The copper stone, containing from 50 to ~0 per cent of copper, 8 to 15 per cent of lead, and 020 to 045 per cent of sil- ver, is stamped, sifted, and roasted in a double furnace with two hearths, one above the other, first in the upper hearth and then in the lower one. During the first stage of the roasting, sulphides of copper are converted into neutral and basic suiphates, which are again decomposed during the second stage of the roasting, giving off sulphuric and sul- phurous acids, nud being for the most part converted into oxyd of copper, while sulphate of silver and a small portion only of the sul- phate of copper remains undecomposed. The roasted mass is again stamped and ground, and mixed with from 4 to 8 per cent of chlor- ide of sodium, and again roasted. By this means the copper is converted into chloride and chlorine compounds of the other metals are also produced. After this roasting is fin- ished the mass is extracted in wooden tubs, under hydrostatic pressure. At first, lukewarm water is used for this purpose, and when the greater part of sulphate of soda and other salts have been removed a solution of chloride of sodium is substituted. This dis- solves the chloride of silver into precipitating tanks containing copper, which is dissolved while the silver is precipitated. Lockjaw in Horses. This is a terrible malady to which horses are sometimes subject, and it is generally fatal owing to the want of skill on the part of veterinary physicians. The method pursued by them in its treatment has been blistering, clystering, & c., which rather aggravates than relieves the spasms that usually attend it. Death generally ensued by this practice, and the disease has been held to be almost incur- able. In a late number of the Edinburgh Veterinary Review, a new system of managing lockjaw is described, and nearly all the cases in which it has been applied, have resulted favorably. The plan consists of a hot water packing similar to that pursued in the water cure for the genus homo. As soon as the horse is observed to be af- fected with tetanus, it is wrapt from head to tail in four or five pairs of blankets, which have been wrung out of warm water at a tem- perature of 2000 Fab. The animal is then al- lowed perfect rest and quietness for about two hours, when warm water of the above tem- perature is poured along its back outside of the blankets, and another like period of repo~e allowed, and so on until a cure is effected. A thin gruel of flour, oat, or Indian corn meal is given, when the jaws of the animal are capa- ble of being opened. As horses are liable to take lockjaw from pricks in the feet caused by careless or unskill- ful blacksmiths while shoeing them, this simple method of managing the disease can be applied by any person, and is designed, we think, to be of considerable benefit. I,nproved Boiler Furnace. This is an arrangement of fire bridges in the bed of a furnace designed for heating a double cylindrical boiler, so that the gases and products of combustion may pass off quickly, and give up nearly all their heat to the boilers in their passage under it. The fire-place or grate is made gradually tapering in order to prevent the escape of any gases that are unconsumed. In our illustrations, Fig. 1 is a top view of the hearth and fire-place, with the boilers re- moved and Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section -~ of the furnace,with the boilers in their place. A are the grate bars, and B the sloping sides of the fire-place. C is the outer wall of air entering any of these doors becomes heat- the furnace, which is hollow, having a pas- ed in its passage through g, and passing sage, g, throughout its length. This passage through ,j into the chamber, k, is presented to communicates with the external air by pas- the fire in a heated state, which is one of the sages or holes, k, that can be closed or opened best for obtaining proper combustion. The by doors, i, so as to admit a greater or less two boilers, G, are supported on side bridges, quantity of air to the fire, as desired. The E, and central bridges, D, arranged as shown SKELLYS BOILER FURNACE. in Fig. 2, and the gases and products of com- bustion, passing in the direction of the arrows to the flue, F, give up their heat to the boiler, being detained long enough to impart more heat than is usual, and at the same time, by i~x2 I)-, -this arrangement, the draft of the furnace is not materially impaired. The simplicity of this device must recom- mend itself to every furnace builder. Any further particulars can ho obtained by ad- dressing the inventor, Evan Skelly, of Pla- quemine, Aberville District, La. He has ap- plied for a patent. Pure Air. The Eclectic Medical Journal of Philadel- phia, in speakin0 on this subject, very proper- ly remarks that it is not only necessary that men may have sufficient air to breathe, but it is necessary to provide air for the apart- ment itself in which they live, as well as for the persons who inhale it. The influence of impure air is not only exercised upon persons through their breathing organs, but the sur- face of their bodies, their clothes, the walls of the apartmentin short, the free surfaces of everything in contact with the air of the place becomes more and more impurea harbor of foulness, a means of impregnating every cubic foot of air with poisonunless the whole apartment has its atmospheric contents con- tinuously changed, so that everything ani- mate and inanimate is freshened by a con- stant supply of pure air. Ferbers Improved Window Blind. This simple contrivance consists in fitting to one of the stiles of the window a vertical rod or bar, and attaching pins at the ends of the slats to openings in the same, whereby the rod cannot obstruct the light nor serve as encumbrances, as hitherto, nor the slats be allowed to turn or move casually. Through this means the appearance of the blind is not only greatly improved, but its attachments are made more durable than those of the usual construction. In our illustrations Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a window blind, with the improvements attached. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through a portion of the same, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the sliding bar of ditto. The same letters in the figures in- dicate corresponding parts. A represents the rectangular frame of a blind, on one stile of which is formed a re- bate, B. C are the blind slats, the ends of which have journals formed on their centers, which turn in suitable boxes in the stiles, the journals, C, at one end being provided with radial arms or pins, D, which enter spaces, F, formed in a vertically sliding bar, E, fitted outside the rebate, and having a stop block, E, hinged to its lower end, which is capable of being pressed under the same when it is desired to sustain the said bar at its greatest hight, to give a certain degree of inclination 7 I I to the slats, or withdrawn from under the bar E, when it is desired to reverse their inclina- tion. This bar is guided in its up-and-down movement by a spring plate, G, secured at one end to the stile of the window frame, and pressing at its opposite elastic end on a verti- cal rod or rib, H, attached to the outside of the bar, E. From the above description it will be seen that when the bar, E, is moved up and down, the blind slats will be opened and closed by the spaces, F, in the same on the radial pins or arms, D, and that the elastic plate, G, will press against the guide rod or rib, H, with - sufficient force to prevent the slats from casu- nily turning, and that the bar, E, is not in such a position as to obstruct the light, or to be liable to detachment from the slats or in any manner produce the inconvenience ex- perienced in the use of the ordinary method of attaching and operating window blind slats. The patent for this effective attachment to window blinds, for which there is a universal demand, was patented by Andrew Ferber, of Elizabeth City, N. J., on July 27th, 1858. Any further information can be had by ad- dressing him. Literary Notices. WELLS PaINcInass AND Anraicirrons OF Census- ray. By David A. Wells, A. M. New York: Ivison & Phinney, 321 Broadway. Every contribotion to the natnral sciences is an addition to our knowledge, and books which try to make the thorny paths of ~i~?~asy and pleasant to the student are to be ac- cepted with thanks. This book is the last published of a series by Mr. Wells, and is highly recommended by some eminent educational authorities. It embraces in a compact form, and in language easil understood, the facts of chemical science, iliustrateX with 243 en- gravings. From the number of professors and teachers who endorse the value of Mr. Wells publications, they must he largely in use in our schools and colleges, and by those who use them as text-books, and many others, we have no doubt this new one will be hailed with pleasure. Tm Knrc~s nocass. John A. Gray, 16 and 18 Jacob street, New York. We have received the Sep- tember number of this veteran journal of upwards of half a century, and find it filled with that choice and versatile character of writing for which it has long been distinguished. This number is adorned with a finely executed likeness of Epes Sargent, whose writings have so frequently added lustre to this sterling maga- zine. It also contains contributions from the graphic pens of Tuckerman, Stoddard, Aldrich and other emi- nent writers. There is in addition a ~iariety of other original matter, which renders its perusal highly use- 5,1 and entertaining, including, of course, the rich, ripe and rosy, and genuite witty table talk of the able editor, Lewis Gaylord Clark. Tm Ecazorec MAoAznss. W. H. Bidwell, editor and proprietor, I Beekman street, New York. The Sep- tember number of this excellent periodical contains some of the best articles, as in fact every number does, of the foreign reviews. We may mention as best, De- scription of Active and Extinct Volcanoes, Recent Astronomy, and Cannings Literary Remains. There are two portraits, one of David Garrick and his wife, and another of the 11ev. Cues. Kingsley. Tm ATLANTIc MoNruar. Phillips, Sampson & Co.. Boston. The September number is an excellent one. The articles on Eloquence. Daphualdes, and An Evening with the Telegraph Wires, are particularly interesting. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table is as lively, entertaining and philosophical as usual. FOURTEENTH YEAR! - MECHANICS, INVENTORS, MILLWRIGHTS, FARMERS AND MANUFACTURERS. This valuable and widely circulated journal entered upon its FOURTEENTH YEAR on the 11th of Sep- tember. It is an Illustrated Periodical, devoted to the promul- gation of information relating to the various Macnine- CAL and CmnucAa Aers, MAIeUFAOTLIIIE5, AeslceLTuar, PATENTS, INv TIONS, ENoINEbnunse, MILL WORK, and all interests which the light of PaAcTIas.n Scissca is calculated to advance. All the most valuable patented discoveries are de- lineated and described in its issues, so that, as respects inventions, it may be justly esgarded as an Illustrated Repsrtsry, wherethe inventor may learn what has been done before him in the same field whiebbe is exploring, and where he may publish to the world a knowledge o~ his own achievements. Reports of American Patents granted are also pub- lished every week, including effletel copies of all the PATENT CLAIMs. Those Patent Claims are furnished from the Patent Office Records expressly for this paper, and published in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN sn advance ef all sllssr pestlicalisns. The contributors to the SCIENTIFIC AMERlUAN are among the most eminent scientific and practical men of the times. The editorial department is univer- sally acknowledgedto he conducted with great ability, and to be distinguished. not only for the excellence and truthfulness of its discussi6ns. hut for the fearlessness with which error is combated and false theories are exploded Mechanics, Inventors, Engineers, Chemists, Manu- facturers, Agriculiurists, and people in every profession of life, will find the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN to be el great value in their respective callings. Its counsels and suggestions will save them hundreds of dollars an- scually, besides affording them a continual source of knowledge, the value oi which is beyond pecuniary estimate TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIONTwo Dollars a Year, or One Dollar for Six Months. CLUB RATES. Five Copies, for SixMonths Ten Copies, for Six Months 55 Ten Copies, for Twelve Months 5:15 Fifteen Copies, for Twelve Months 522 Twenty Copies, for Twelve Months 528 For all clubs of Twenty and over, the yearly sub- scription is only $1 40. Names can be sent in at different times and from difierent Post Offices. Speci- men copies will be seLt gratis to any part of the country. Southern, Western and Canadianmoney or Post Office stamps, taken at par for suhscriptions. Canadian sub- scribers will please to remit twenty-six cents extra on each years subscription, to pre-pay postage. MUNN & CO., Publishers and Patent Agents, No. 128 Fulton street, New York. or rm SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.

VOL. XIV. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 18, 1858. NO. 2. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, PUBLISHED WEEKLY At No. 128 Fulton street, (Sun Buildings,), New York, BY 1IIIJNN & CO. 0. D. HUNIe, S. H. WALES, A. E. BEACH. Responsible Agents may also be found in all the principal cities and towns of the United States. Sampson Low, Son & Co., the American Booksellers, 47 Ludgate Hill, London, Eng., arc the British Agents to receive subscriptions for the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Single copies of the paper are on sale at the office of publication, and at all the periodical stores in this city Brooklyn and Jersey City. TERMSTwo Dollars per annumOne Dollar in advance, and the remainder in six montbs. ~ See Prospectus on last page. No Traveling Agents employed. Advantages of Trees. We do not know the author of the follow- ing beautiful and Comprehensive notice of trees, but we think its perusal will cause many of our readers to involuntarily and heartily respond to the familiar and popular language of the song Woodman spare that tree How beautiful, most beautiful of earths or- naments, are trees! Waving out on the hills and down in the valleys, iu wild wood or orchard, or singly by the wayside, Gods spirit and beulEon seem to us ever present in trees. For their shade and shelter to man and hrute ; for the music the winds make among their leaves, and the birds in their branches; for the fruits and flowers they hear to delight the palate and the eye, and the fragrance that goes out and upward from them forever, .we are worshipful of trees. Under his own vine and fig treewhat more expressive of rest, independence and lordship isa the earth! WoN may the Arab reverence in the date-palm a God-given source of sustenance. Dear to the Spaniard is the olive, and to the Hindon his banyan, wherein dwell the families of man, and the birds of heaven build their nests. Without trees what a desert place would be our earthnaked, parched, and hateful to the eye ! Yet how many are thoughtless of the use and beauty of trees. how many strike the ax idly or wantonly at their roots. Above all other things in the landscape we would deal gently with trees. Most beautiful where and as God plants them, but beautiful even as planted by the poorest art of man, trees should be pro- tected and preserved. If he is a benefactor who causes two blades of grass to grow where one grew before, how much greater his beneficence who plants a tree in some waste place, to shelter and shade, to draw thither song birds, ani to bear fruit for man. Plant trees, 0 man, that hast waste land, and be careful of those that are planted. C Castos Oil Electsiary. Many processes have been devised for dis- gilising the taste and appearance of castor oil. Valuable as this medicine is, many per- sons stomachs revolt at taking it in an undis- guised form. To Overcome this repugnance, to give a concentrated form, and diminish as much as possible the quantity of the medicine, the following excellent formula has been de- vised by Mr. Septimus Piesse :Take cast~r oil, three ounces; Castile soap, one drachm; simple situp, one drachm; oil of cinnamon, or ottar of rose, six drops. Rub the soap with the sirup in a mortar; when perfectly blended and smooth add very gradually, and ~ with constant trituration, the above ingredi- ents. By these means a gelatinous electuary ~ will be formed, rather palatable than other- wise, and nearly equal, hulk for bulk, to cas 0 ( tor oil in strength. ~K )& c~. The loom is about one of the oldest of ma- chines, and to develop the simple framing de- picted on Egyptian tombs to the power loom of to-day, has called forth much inventive genius and constructive skill. Still the loom is not perfect, and is yet capable of many im- provements, the last, and a valuable one, be- ing the subject of our illustration. It is the invention of E. M. Scott, of Auburn, N. Y., and was patented this week. It provides for the operation of the shuttle motion and har- ness motion by the movements of the lay, thus dispensing with the cam shaft and treadles, and simplifying the construction of the lcorn. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the improve- ments, in which A is the frame, B the yarn beam, C the whip roll, D the breast beam, and F L the lay. G is the main shaft, H the cranks for moving the lay, and I the connect- ing rods, connecting the cranks with the lay, all these parts being exactly the same as in an ordinary power loom. J J are the picker staves, working on pins, a a, secured in arms attached to the lower part of D. These staves have arms at their lower ends, connected by rods, c, with two levers, K, which work one on each side of the loom on pins, d d, secured in the framing, the levers being so situated as to be operated, as the lay swings back, by two rollers, e e (seen in Fig. 3), attached to the sole piece. The action of these rollers is to depress the arms of the picker staves, and move the upper ends of the same towards the center of the loom, for the purpose of throw- ing the shuttles. The picker staves are re- turned to the outer ends of the shuttle boxes as the lay moves forward, by means of spring, f (Fig. 1), connecting their arms with fixed pins, g, secured in the framing. To cause J to be operated only one at a time, the two rollers, e, are fitted to a shaft, Is, which does not rotate, but is fitted to slide horilontally in guides, i i, secured to the lay, and these rollers are such a distance apart that when one ranges with its respective le i or, K, the other is nearer the center of the loom. and out of the range of its lever; this is ef- fected by the double cam, j (Fig. 3), which shows a portion of the lay detached. j turns on a pin, Is, ~in the sole piece, L, and has fitted to it a plate, 4 provided with four pins, m, one of which, as the lay completes its forward movement, strikes a dog, ss, and thus causes the cam to be turned one-fourth of a revolu- tion. The dog, is, works on a pin, a, in the breast beam, D, and is prevented getting out of an operative position by means of a spring, o, also attached to D. M M are the heddle frames working in guides, N N. Each of these heddles has attached to its lower rail a lifting rod, 0, which works in guides in a stationary plate, P, attached to a rail, R. The parts about to be described are sepa- rated, and better seen in Fig. 2. Each rod, 0, has a notch, Ic, on its front side, and the rods are so bent and formed that the notches are side by side, so that they can he operated by two sliding dogs, q q, arranged in a frame, Q, that swings vertically on hearings, r, on the rail, R. The swinging motion of the frame, Q, which raises and lowers the heddles is effected by means of a rod, s, with an arm, f, rigidly secured to the bottom piece of the lay. This connection causes the rear end of the frame which is next the lifting rods, 0 0, to rise as the lay swings back, and fall as the lay beats up. The dogs, q q, are brought in- to position to operate ou the teeth of the rods by the two double cams, t t, on a shaft that is fitted to bearings in the rear end of the frame, and which receives a quarter revolu- tion every time that part of the frame de- scends by the action of a dog, v, attached to P, upon one of the pins, w, on a plate, w, on the end of the shaft. The dogs, q q, are thrown out to elevate the rods, 0, by springs, and are drawn back when it is proper that they should be inoperative by the cams, t t.~ The dogs not only raise the heddles, but also control their lowering, the notch resting on q until the heddle arrives at its proper lowest point, where it is retained by stops in N. The dog, is, is kept in opera- tion by a spring. It will be seen from the above description that the invention is also applicable to hand looms, as all the motions are derived from the lay. The invention is valuable, and every weaver will at once appreciate its advantages. The claim will he found on another page. Any further information can be obtained by addressing A. W. Johnson & Co., of Au- burn, N. Y., or W. H. Halladay, their gen- oral agent. The Wonders of Light. Not only does light fly from the grand ruler of the day, with a velocity which is a million and a half times greater than the speed of a cannon ball, but it darts from every reflecting surface with a like velocity, and reaches the tender structure of the eye so gently, that, as it falls upon the little curtain of nerves which is there spread to receive it, it imparts the most pleasing sensations, aud tells its story of the outer world with a minuteness of detail and a holiness of truth. Philosophers once sought to weigh the sea- beam. They constructed a most delicate bal- ance, and suddenly let in upon it a beam of light: the lever of the balance was so deli- cately hung that the fluttering of a fly would have disturbedit. Everything prepared, the grave men took their places, and with keen eyes watched the result. The sunbeam that was to decide the experiment had left the sun eight minutes prior, to pass the ordeal. It had flown through ninety-five millions of miles of space in that short measure of time, and it shot upon the balance with unabated velocity. But the lever moved not; and the philosophers were mute. Arsenic In Cigars. The Eclectic Medical Journal, of Cincinnati, states that Professor Bunsen, of Heidelberg, has had a series of experiments performed in his laboratory by Dr. Reiseg, to demonstrate the possibility of poisoning by introducing arsenic into cigars. It appears from these experiments that about a grain and a half of arsenic may enter the mouth when the cigar has been steeped into a solution of that metal, and the quantity is about one-eighth of a grain when the arsenic is introduced into the cigar in the solid form. That these may be the results of actual experiments, we do not doubt, but as there can be no possible use for introducing arsenic into cigars, either for the purposes of adulteration or improved appearance, we think that the Professor has been dealing with an entirely imaginary evil. Should this be intended as an argument against smoking, it would be better to use only those which are correct, without having recourse to conjuring up fallacious ones wherewith to frighten the innocent smoker. Tue Comet. The long-expected comet of C aries V is beginning to enter an appearance at last. It has been detected in a faint and dim, but this time unmistakable, pgesence below the hori- zon, at the Paris Observatory. Professor Donati, of Florence, on the 2d of June last, first discovered it, and prophesied the point from which it will emerge. A deputation of scientific men have been sent by this country, Great Britain and France, to South America; they will meet at the Isthmus, and fix on some point in the Andes from which ta make their obsetyations. (i~4 THE ADYOCATE OF INDUSTRY, AND JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC, MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS. SCOTTS IMPROVED LOOM. Issued from the United States Patent Office FOR THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 7, 1858. [Reported a cieltp fo the Scientsde Americeu.] ~ Circulars giving full particulars of the mode of ap- plying for patents, size of model required, and mnch other information useful to inventors, may he had gratis by addressing MUNN & CO., Publishers of the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN, New York. IIEvOLvINO FIREARisEthan Allan, of Worcester, Mass.: I do not mean to be understood as confining myself to any particular angle on that part of the pin, or to the precise form of the guards given. But first, I claim constructing that part of the pin, C, that projects in front of the cylinder, so as to produce a projecting angle toward the junction of the barrel and chamber that is being discharged, for the purpose set forth. Second, I claim the guards, D and B, when construct- ed and operating as described. HARvE5TER5R. L. AlIen, of New York City: I claim, elevating the cutting apparatus and balancing the macblue in going over stones, stumps, and other obstructions, and traversing hill sides by means of the long raker and drivers seat, in combination with lever p, as set forrh. I also claim constructing the spring axle of three several pieces, clamped and riveted in the manner set forth and for the purpose set forth. I also claim the position of said axle, F, the same be- ing at right angles with the line of draught, and per- forming the office of spring and axle, and fastened by bolt, x, as described. I also claim the form of the socket piece for receiving the ends of the spring standard, to support the rakers and drivers seat, Q. I also claim the construction of the double shoe and standard, adaptable to the cutting of grain or grass, as set forth, the same being in three pieces, the pieces be- ing put together in a particular way. I also claim making the shoe under the mortise thick at edge, a, and thinner at a, in order to give greater thickness and strength to the duger board along, a a, as set forth. SEWING MACHINEs--B. Atwater, of Berlin, Conn.: I do not claim an arrangement of the guide plates together, and with respect to the bed plate, whereby the loop is bent over a rest or plate, so as to cause its bow to spring upward into a position to receive the needle, as de- scribed, such being incident to my machine, as hereto- fore patented. But I claim the improved arrangement of the guide plates, J l, with respect to one another, the needle, a, and the bed plate, B, viz., so that there may be a space b, between the bed plate and the upper end or notch of the guide plate, J, and the two guide plates be placed so close together as to hold the middle of the bow of the loop in position, and bridged across the recess of the plate, J, substantially in manner for the reception of the needle by the loop, and to effect advantages as set forth. HARROWsDavid C. Ayres, of Lumberland, N. Y.: I am aware of the use of tubular framework, and there- fore do not claim it. But I claim the combination of tubular piece, B, - globular projections, a, cutters, c, and teeth, T, con- structed, arranged and operating together as described. CORN PLANTERSA. G. Babcock, of Galesburg, Ill.: I claim the arrangement and combination of the entire machine, for the purpose of planting corn. COAL OR AsHEs SliwEasLouls D. Bartlett, of Bos- ton, Mass. : I do not claim using a circular sieve on top, and fitting into the vessel to be rotated back and forth, for that is old audwell-known. But I claim using the annular ring and the cover, in combination with the sieve, substantially as described. JOINTs FOR RAILROAD TRACKsB. U. Benedict, of Horicon, Wis. : I do not claim, broadly, the placing of a vertical pin or projection upon the bottom of railroad chairs. But I claim the combination of the ends of the rail, A, with the peculiarly constructed wrought iron T- shaped joint plate, B, by means of the stirrup bolts, c, which pass from the upper surfbee of the base, b, of the rail, through the said base, and through the lips, a, of the plate, B, and around the lower edge or pan of said plate, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [The object of this invention is to prevent the depres- sion of the rails at the junction of the bars, and conse- quent battering and lamination of the ends of the bars, by the passage of trains over them. The invention consists in a joint plate constructed, applied, and se- cured to the ends of the bars in a novel manuner.] WATER CLosETGeorge Blanchard, of New York City:1 claim the arrangement of the swinging frame, C C,the pedals, A A, the bolt, B B, the seat, J, the two bars, B and F, the platform, D, substantially as de- scribed, and for the purpose specified. HANGING BELLsGeorge B. Meneely, of West Troy, N. Y.: I claim uniting a bell furuished with horns to a yoke, through the intervention of a cap and davis bolts, as that said bell may be turned in its yoke, in the man- ner and for the purpose specified. OPERATING WINDOW BLINDsTheodore Christian, of New York City: I claim the coupling the slats to- gether, as described, and connecting a whole panel by means of a rod in the manner and for the purpose set forth, grooving the rod in a straight line. I also claim taking the bearings of the tenons upon the Inside of the channel therein, and beyond the pul- ley, as and for the purpose specified. CANE SEAT FOR CHAIRsJohn II. Cannon, of New Albany, Ind.: I claim the manufacture of chair bottoms, substantially in the manner and for the purpose speci- fied. GRATES FOR COAL STovEsJames Basteriy, of Al. bano, N. Y. : I claim the combination of the grate, B, the bar, D, and the clasp, H, or its equivalent, when nsed and operating in the manner and for the purposes substantially as set forth and made known. MACHINE FOR RULING PAPERJ. C. Forman, of Cleveland, Ohio: I claim the movable bed, F, opera- ted through the medium of the rack, D, and grooved plate, B, in connection with the gearing c d C, or its equivalent, as and for the purpose set forth. I also claim the frisket, G, when arranged as shown, to wit, the frisket being attached to the bar, k, provi- ded with bar. q, and used in connection with the bar, J, on the pen beam, I, for the purpose specified. [A notice of this improvement will be found on an other page.] - PRINTING AND NUISHERING PREssGeorge J. Hill, of Buffalo, N. Y. : I claim the combination of a num- bering machine, B, and pawl, F, or its equivalent, with a printing press, for the purposes and substantial- ly as set forth. I also claim the adjustable plate B, in combination with the numbering machine, B, for the purposes and substantially as described. CAR SEATS AND COUCHESB. E. Fowler, of Clayton, N. Y. : I claim, first, Havin, a shaft, c, extended from one end of the seat to the other, when said shaft is fur- nished at one end with a crank, B, and at each end with a pinion or friction roller, D, and s id pinion or friction rollers work in connection with large spur wheels or large friction rollers, F F, which have the arms, G G. of the back, d, or the arms, H H, of the foot board, c, pivoted eccentrically to them substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, Attaching the arms of the foot board, c, to the lower spur wheel or friction rollers, F F, by means of turning pivots and hinge joints, i and k, in combi- nation with attaching the suspension rods of the foot hoards b~ loose eyes, h, to long staples or brackets, g g, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [By this invention one of the occupants of the seat is enabled, by turning a crank at one end of the car seat, to adjust both arms, and consequently the back and foot-boards to any position desired or necessary to form a comfortable sleeping or reclining couch. The adjust- ment of the seat for sitting and sleeping purposes is accomplished in a few seconds, and with ease and con- venience.] MACHINES FOR DIGGING PoTATosesNathaniel Gear, of Zanesville, Ohio : I claim in combination with the scoop for digging, the skeleton wheel, K, for gathering, carrying, sifting, and delivering the potatoes into the box or receiver, substantially as described and repre- sented. CUTTING DEVICE FOR HARVESTERSC. P. Gronberg, of Montgomery, Ill. : I am aware that concave fingers have been previously used, and also perforated fingers; and I am also aware that various forms of curved metal finger bars have been employed in order to unrite or combine strength and lightness. I therefore do not claim broadly and separately any of the pa s, irrespective of the construction and ar- rangement shown sind described. I claim the semi-cylindrical finger bar, A, concave and perforated fingers, B, and the sickle formed of the bar, C, and teeth, D, when the above-named parts are constructed, combined and arranged for joint operation substantially as and for the purpose set forth. [By a peculiar construction of the finger bar and fin- gers, these parts may be constructed wholly of metal, and still be extremely light and durable, and the sickle prevented from clogging.] FRUIT BoxNicholas Hallock, of Flushing, N. Y.: I claim constructing a fruit box consisting of two sheets of material, one of which forms the body of lbs box, the other, the bottom, being ventilated as described, and combining therewith the folding handle, substan- tially as set forth and for the purposes specified. Co~~scc ROASTERSTheodore Heerman, of Mitchell- yule, Teun. : I claim the employment of two reversely inclined concentrating plates, which have a space ex- isting between their approximating ends on the inner circumference of a revolving coffee-roasting cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [With this invention the coffee, as fast as it naturally collects in piles at the heads of the cylinders, Is picked up by the radial rib, and dropped upon the angles of the inclined rib, and thereby thrown to the center of the cylinders length. Thus picking up the coffee at intervals and inducing ills pass to the center of the cylinder, keeps it constantly in motion, both in the path of a vertical circle and in an oblique direction, and every grain is consequently brought in contact with the roasting surface, and a more uniform, effectual and expeditious roasting accomplished.] WINnow BLINDSA. Herder, of New York City: I claim the wire cloth strips B, attached to the window blind, to form a combined hilud and insect bar or net, substantially as set forth. [A notice of this improvement will be found in an other column.] MACHINES FOR MOLDING CLAYThomas Hoadley, of Cleveland, Ohio: I do not claim broadly the em- ployment or use of rammers operated by wipers or lap- pets, for such device is well-known and in common use. But I claim the rotating mold, D, and rods or ram- mers, 0, in connection with the rammer elevating plate, Q, arranged for joint operation as and for the purpose set forth. I also claim the guides, P P, one or more attached to the shaft, F. and used in connection with the elastic bands, m, on the rammers, for the purpose set forth. [A notice of lists improvement is given in another column.] CONVERTIBLE CARRIAGE SHAFTSAmos K. Hoffmeier, of Lancaster, Pa.: I claim first, The combination of the pole hook with its eyes, Q, and points, B, as they fit into the front ends of the shafts which form the pole. I also claim the arrangement and combination of the shafts, operating on joints, that when closed to,ether form the pole, substantially as described. MEAT CUTTERJacob B. Hoyer, of Beading, Pa.: I am aware that screw knives setting in a spiral position on the periphery of the revolving cylinder, and form- ing a screw feed, have been heretofore used. I there- fore do not claim that part. But I claim the arrangement of the knives in pairs on the periphery of the revolving cylinder, with their edges radiating from the center of the cylinder, so as to operate the same as shears in passing between the knives of the hollow cylinder, when constructed as and for the purpose set forth. PLOWSSamuel Hulbert, of Ogdensburgh, N. Y.: I do not claim any of the parts separately considered. But I claim the adjustable beam, F, slot, D, pivot C, spring davis, B, and adjustable handle, G, combined, arranged and operating as set forth and described. KNEADING MACHINEWilliam S. Beinert, of Phila- delphia. Pa. : 1 do not claim broadly the employment of a traversing, rotating corrugated roller for kneading purposes. But I claim the shaft, D, with its corrugated roller B, and pinions, d d, in combination with the guides, f, and pinions, when the whole of the above-named parts are so constructed and arranged in respect to the trough, that they may have an upward or downward movement controlled by the weight, I, or its equivalent, indepen- dently of the trough, substantially as and for the pur- pose set forth. APPARATUS FOR APPLYING SOLES TO BOOTS AND SHOES -Jacob Jenkins, of Charleatown. Mass. : I claim the combination of the elastic bed, D, and the sole adjust- ing cavity or space, C, arranged in a press, and so as to operate together substantially as specified. I also claim constructing such sole adjusting cavity, C, with adjustable sides, a a, or adjustable ends, b b, or both its sides and ends made adjustable, substantially as set forth. I also claim the combination of the lever clamps, h h, with the adjusting cavity, C, and the elastic bed, and so as to operate therewith substantially as de- scribed. I also claim the combination and arrangement of the tank, B, with the elastic bed, D, and the sole adjusting cavity, C. ESCAPERERT or TUSE-KEEPERSJoseph Jennel, of Meadville, Pa.: I claim the first balance wheel, C, constructed with cogs on its periphery gearing into the pinion, B, and the second balance wheel, D, moved thereby in the manner described, the whole helm, ar- ranged in the manner and for the purposes set fo h. IRON SAFELewis Lulls, of Troy, N. Y.: I claim the mode of forming the corners of a safe with anchors h h h h, also the jamb, B, as and for the purposes de- scribed and set forth. RAILROAD INDICATORGardner B. Lillibridge, of Wayne co., Mich. : I do not claim the cylinders and scroll or the friction rollers, they being of ancient origin. But I claim the trap or obscurer, in combination with my peculiar method of exhibiting the number of miles between stations. I also claim a movable cradle, which contains and confines the cylinders scroll and friction rollers in combiualiou with the screw for regulating the tension of the scroll, for the purposes specifically set forth. CULTIVAToRsIsrael Long, of Tens Haute, md.: I claim the employment of two frames, A A, which are furnished with harrowed teeth, c, at their iorward end, and cultivator teeth, B, at their rear ends, and con- nected by arch braces, D D, in combination wills the propelling wheels, B, arranged on short crank axles, c, the tongue, G, arranged on top of the arch braces, and with the adjusting arrangements, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. MACHINE FOR PRINTING ADDRESSES ON NEWSPAPERS, & o.James Lord, of Pawtucket, Mass. : I claim, first, Imprinting the name and addresses of, subscribers and others on newspapers, envelopes, & c., byinserling type expressing ouch name and address in boxes secured spirally on the periphery of a revolving cylinder, and causing the said newspapers or envelopes to be suc- cessively pressed against the type in the boxes by means of a platen or follower, x, which is made to act in concert with the cylinder, in the manner de- scribed. Second, I claim the combination and arrangement of the connecting rod, z, vibrating lever, p, pawi, r, ratchet, s, and screw shaft, H, for giving the required revolving motion to the printing cylinder, B, and lon- gitudinal motion to the platen, x, and receiving, con- ducting, and distributing rollers, b h i, in the manner and for the purpose described Third, I claim the combination and arrangement of the eccentric cams, u, longitudinal shaft, Y, and up- right rod, m, for raising the platen or follower, x, to produce the required impression upon the paper, as de- scribed. Fourth, I claim the combination and arrangement of the cima reverse formed slots, n, in the ears, n, and ends of the branch rods, k, of the curved bars, k, with the distributing and conducting ink rollers, h i, in the manner and for the purposs set forth. Fifth, I claim the combination of the adjustable plate, d, oscillating bar, c, and plate between which it is secured, and graduating thumb screws, f, with the ink receiving roller, b. as described. [A notice of this improvement is given in another column.] APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ELLIPTICAL FRAMES FOR GILDINORobert J. Marcher, of New York City: I am aware that a bar provided with pins, and fitted in slots or recesses crossing each olber at right angles, forms an old and ~vell-known implement termed a trammel, for drawing ovals, and such implement has been arranged and adapted in various ways for various purposes. But I am not aware that the implement above-named has been arranged as shown, and used in connection with a fool piece or rest. I do not claim therefore, broadly, and irrespective of construction and arrangement, a trammel, that is to say, a bar provided with pins, which are fitted in cross slots or grooves. But I claim providing the bar, D, with a foot or sup- port, B, and sliding plate or tool, F, when the bar, D, is arranged relatively with its upright grooved or slot- ted bar, C, and the frame, B, substantially as and for the purpose shown and described. [For more information regarding this invention, see another column.] HOISTING AND DroOPING APPARA sGeorge Martz, of Pottsville, Pa. : I claim the combination of the car, hung and controlled in its up and down movements in the peculiar manner specified, with a sliding gate and stationary frame, which are constructed and arranged in the peculiar manner specified, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [This invention consists in a car closed in at tsp and back, pivoted to a sliding gals, and governed in such a mahuer that its tail-hoard lies horizontal while the car is being loaded, and its bottom horizontal while the car is being dumped, said car and sliding frame being ar- ranged within a stationary frame, which is furnished with suitable guides for governing its movements and allowing the car to dump, and with a Suitable shuts, which compels it to tilt and dump a load, and which also holds it in such a condition that while being low- ered, its bottom is compelled to stand vertical, and its back lie horizontal when down, and beiug loaded. By this invention Mr. Martz is enabled to provide a very simple, cheap and compact machine, which is adapted for hoisting dirt out of deep ravines.] BUTTER WORKERZiba Williams, of lihaca, N. Y.: I claim the combination of a trough and a laddie hav- ing parallelism to the axis thereof for the purpose of working butter, when the same are constructed and arranged in the manner described PADDLE WHEEL PRoPoa.LaicSJohn May, of Colum- bus, Ga. : I do not claim to be the original inventor of the propeller or paddle wheel, as described. But I claim the arrangement of the buckets or floats, B B, with the guides, B B, with the center, F I K, and the frame, C, arranged in the manner substantially and for the purpose as described, GOVERNOR VALVE POE STbmAil ENGINESStuart B. McCray, of Grand Rapids, Mich. : I claim, first, Hav- ing a hollow cylindrical valve, B, constructed and ar- rauged to work in suspension over a vertical piston, D, so that it does not come in contact with any horizontal surface, nor has any point of binding contact against said vertical piston, B, substantially as and for the pur- poses set forth. Second, The suspending and working of a hollow cyl- indrical valve, B, by means of an eccentric or other analogous device, L, which said eccentricis so arranged on the shaft of the slotted rocking link that its longest radius is at right angles, or nearly so, with the valve stem, H, when the valve is closed, and its shortest radi- us parallel, or nearly so, with the link, J, of the gover- nor, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [For more information about this invention see an- other page.] BINDING ATTACHMENT To REAPING MACHINESJames Mitchell, of Osceola, Iowa: I claim, first, The combi- nation of the jaws, o o r r, arranged as shown, and at- tached respectively to the slider~ m m, and springs p p, whereby they are made to receive and grasp the ends of the band, as described. Second, The clamp, J, constructed of two parts, i j. attached to the rotating wheel, h, and used in connec- tion with the slide bar, K, and ledge, 1, for the pur- pose of twisting the ends of the band, substantially as described. Third, The jaws. o o r r clamp, I, band twisting de- vice, J, tucking rod, K, anA discharge rod, G, combined arranged to operate substantially as and for the pur- pose set forth. [This invention consists in the employment of clamps or band carriers, band twisting device, tacking rod, and discharging device arranged relatively with each other, and operated so that the grain is bound into sheaves and discharged upon the ground, the whole working automatically as the machine moves along.] CoucHEs FOR RAILROAD CARSF. B. Myers and F. H. Furniss, of Cleveland, Ohio: We claim the couch, P, with the rods, L W N 0, and ths collars, L H, or the adjustable collars and springs, B B 5 5, as an ar- rangement of means for providing such number of couches, as in connection with such as may be made of the car seats will accommodate a complement of pas- sengers, substantially as set forth. CALIPERS AND DIVIDERSJoseph D. Moon, of Che 1 sea, Mass. : I claim having the parts, a, of the legs madeof circular form, geared or toothed as shown, and the screw, C, placed between them and gearing therein the above parts being fitted within the socket, B, and the screw provided with unto, B G, when arran,ed as described, and for the purposs set forth. [By this invention the legs of calipers and dividers can be adjusted and secured p1 any desired point. It consists in having the ends of the legs which surround the pivols made circular and concentric with the pivots, and having said circular portions, together ~vith a screw, fitted between them, by turning which the iegs are operated or moved. The above parts are placed within a suitable socket, and the screw provided wills a jam nut, to prevent the casual movement of the same.] RAKING ATTACHMENT TO HARVESTERSJohn Nelson, of Eockford, Ill. ; I claim the arrangement of the arm, I, and rake connected by an articulating joint at J, the spring, 0, and cord, N, in combination with the guide, Q, operating conjointly in the manner and for the pur- pose set forth. SCYTHE BLADESSamuel D. Nelson, of Pittsburgh, Pa. : I claim constructin, grass and cradle scythes by starting the web of the scythe from one edge of the back, making the back concave on the upper, and con- vexed on the lower side, leaving the heaviest and thick- eel part of back on the center, and to the outside of the convexed side of the back, thereby making the scythe stiffer and stronger, as described and represented. IIARRoWSSamuel J. Orange and George Bridel- man, of Grayville, Ill. : We claim the combination of the handles, or their equivalent, with the transverse beamo, B B, and rollers, B , and the circular frame, A, substantially as described, by which we are enabled, by regulating the ressurs on his handles, to guide the harrow in the line of the draft or deflect it, at pleasure. SEED PLANT SBenjamin Owen, of Dayton, Ohio: I am aware that covering hoes, T, have been previous- ly used, and arranged to rise and fall as shown, and I therefore do not claim broadly such device, irrespective of the particular means employed for operating it. Neither do I claim separately and irrespective of the means of operation, a reciprocating seed slide. I claim operating the arms, 5, and lies, T, by means of the disks, N B Q, provided with teeth or spurs, and arranged as and for the purpose set forth. [This invention consists in a peculiar seed-distribu- ting device and a covering device, whereby the seed may be diffused in hills at equal distances apart, and covered with a proper quantity of earth by a very sim- ple arrangement ef means. The device is more espe- cially adapted for planting maize or Indian corn, but it may be used for planting other kinds of seed in hills.] OPERATING VALVES OF STEAM ENGINESH. Uhey and H. A. Luttgens, so Paterson, N. J.: We do not claim the connection of the differential rocker, G, with the link motion or eubstiluts, as this device is secured by us in a patent dated March 28, liii. But we claim the Cam, B4, or equivalent, in combina- tion with the valve gear, adapted to operate a Single slide valve, substantially as described. PORTABLE COPYING APPARATUSWin. Van Anden, of Poughkee.psie, N. Y.: I claim the improved method of uniting a cylindrical removable back or holder with a copying book by means of a concave or tubular chan- nel cut longitudinally with the face of the cylindrical back or holder, for the purposes and substantially in the manner 551 forth. MACHINE POE TURNING HUOSAlexander Rickart, of Schoharie, N. Y. : I claim rotating the mandrel, B, of the carriage, B, from the cutler shalt, B, through the medium of the worm wheel and screw geariHg, f h i n, as described, it being understood that I do not claim broadly, and in the abstract the well-known me- chanical device of a worm wheel and screw gearing, but lbs parts above-named, when arranged wills the chitershaft, B, and mandrel, K, of the carriage, D, so that the mandrel, K, will be connected with the shaft, B. and disconnected therefrom at the proper time, by the movement of the carriage, D, for the purpose de- scribed, [A full description of this invention will be found on another page.] BILLIARD BALLSCalvin B., John, and William C. Rogers, of Deep River, Coun.: We do not claim simply the cementing of a series of pieces of ivory together, and turning the same to form a billiard ball, irrespec- tive of the disposition and arran,sment of said pieces in respect to each other, as described, for various arti- cles are formed in sections, or of a series of pieces joined together, and turned or otherwise formed into proper shape. But we claim constructing billiard balls of a series of pieces, a a b, three or more cemented, or otherwise se- cured together, when said pieces are disposed or ar- ranged in relation to each other in respect to their her or grain, as set forth. [These billiard balls are constructed in sections, or of a series of pieces, cemented or otherwise secured to- cured together, and disposed or arranged relatively with each other in a novel way, in respect to their fiber, whereby several impsrtant advantages are ob- tained.] COAL STOVESSilas T. Savage, of Albany, N. Y.: I do not claim a magazine or feeder, nor radiator, nor the introduction of air to complete the combustion of the fuel. But 1 claim the combination of the magazine, radia- tors, and the air chamber at lbs base of the radiators, as arranged in reference to and with each other, sub- stantially as set forth and described in the specifica- tion. CoAL SToVEsS. T. Savage, of Albany, N. Y.: I claim the combination of an open cylindrical or basket grate, with a dome, or a cone-shalmed cover placed with- in an outer chamber, having a register for the admis- sion and regulation of a current of air between the grate and the svalls of said chamber, arranged near the bot- tom of the chamber, substantially as the Same iO de- scribed and for the purposes set forth in the specifica- lion. CONSTRUCTION OP COAL STOVE LININGS. T. Sav- age, of Albany, N. Y. : 1 claim the employment of me- tallic framing to contain fire-clay or other lining for coal stoves, for the purpose of preserving it from in- jury by adhesion of clinkers, esnotrucied substantially as described in the specification. LooMsB. H. Scott, of Auburn, N. Y.: I claim first, Operating the shuttle motion by means of the hay, in the manner and for the purpose described. Second, The combination of the sliding shaft, h, at- tached to the lay, the rollers, e e, or their equivalents, on said shaft, the cam,l, and its appendages attached to the lay for giving longitudinal motion to the shaft, and the dog, n, attached to the breast beam to operate the cam, the whole applied and operating substantially as described, to actuate the shuttle motion at one side of the loom only at a time by the movement of the lay. Third, Operating the harness motion by means of the la~,in the manner and for the purpose specified. The combination of the swinging frame, Q, and its dogs, q q, cams, I I, and turning plate, w, with the lifting rods, o o, below the headis frames, the dog, v, and the lay, the whole operating substantially as set forth to cause the headles to be operated alterualely or in proper order of succession. [A full description and engraving of this invention a pears on another page.] HOSE CARRIAGEI. S. Schuyler and L. A. Rockwell, of New York City: We claim, first, The arrangement 10 I-) 0 0-s (~j~ and combination of two separate and independent rope reels respectively and separately with the hearing wheels rotating on the axle tree to which the reels are secured. snbstantially as described and for the pnr- poses as set forth. Second, The described method of connecting and disconnecting the rope reels, with the bearing wheels ol a fire engine, hose cart, or other fire apparatns, for the purpose of taking in the drag rope while the appa- ratus is drawn by it. MACPINE FOR lEONINe CLOTHESJohn Shaefer, of Lancaster, Pa. I claim the combination and arrange- ment of the hollow cylinder, 0, with the rollers. J J. the screws and caps, 1 2 and 3. the spigot, 4, the screw plug, g; the screw, E, the tables, K, all secnred in the frame, A and B, and operated by the crank and gear wheels, substantially as and for the purposes specified. CARPET SwiospRaIleuben Shaler, of Madison, Ct. I claim, first, The combination in a machine for sweep- ing carpets of a brush, the bristles of which are set at angle of about forty-five degrees from a radial line pass- ing directly outwardfrom axis constructed substantially as described with a traction roller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The construction of the traction roller of a sweeping machine in the manner described, that is to say. by winding a spiral flange of india robber or other flexible and adhesive substance around a cylindei- as set forth, by which,a very powerful adhesive traction of said roller is insured, and the roller is much more cheaply manufactus-ed th~,n an equally efficient one could otherwise be. I SEEDING MAcuneEsSamuel Stanbro, of Salem, Mich: I claim the application of a twisted cord, in combina- tion with measuring tubes, arranged substantially as described, br the purpose of measuring and delivering the seed. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHINGLES FROM THE LouC. L. Story, of Oweusboro, Ky.: I am aware that circular saws, rotary cutters, and traveling car- riages have been used and arranged in many ways for sawing various articles, and I do not claim, broadly, the use of such parts irrespective of their arrangement as shown. I claim the circular saw, C, rotary and laterally moving cutters, h h i, the rotary cutters, a a, and tra- veling carriage, I, arranged and combined as shown whereby the shingles are cut from the bolt, tapered and jointed at one operation. I also claim the particular means described for ro- tating the bolt, M, at eauh termination of the move- ment of carriage, I, and thereby setting the boir to the saw, to wit, the screw, n, worm-wheel, in, actuated throu,h the medium of the arm, o, rod, p, bar, q, rod r, and guide ledge, P. [This is an improvement in that class of shingle ma- chines in which circular saws are employed for cutting the shingles from the bolt or log. The invention con. sists in the employment of a circular saw and rotary cutters, arranged and used in epunection with a tra- veling carriage, whereby shingles may be sawed di- recilyfrom bolts cut from the log;, the shingles being properly tapered and adjusted, while being sawed from the bolt, so as to leave the machine in a finished state.] TRAP FOR ANIMALSB, M. Turner, of Woodland, Mich. : I am aware that tilting platforms have been previously used and arranged in various ways to form self-acting traps; I therefore do not claim separately and broadly such device, But I claim the tilting platform, B, and treadle, C, connected with the spring catch, g, the platform being placed within the, base, A, and the platform and treadle, arranged in relation with the box, B, and bait chamber, j, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. [This invention consists in the use of a pivoted or swinging platform, with spring treadle attached, to which a catch or fastening is connected that sustains the platform in a proper horiRontal position, these parts being placed in a in itable case and arranged in such relation to a bait-box, that a rat in attempting to reach the bait will depress the treadle and catch, ihe platform consequently tilting by the rats own weight, and turning the animal into a tub or butt of water over which the trap is placed. ALARM LooRsJ. W. Wells, of Pittsburg, Pa.: I claim the use and combination of a bell catch, in the keeper of a lock and a spring catch in the locking bolt, so arranged, as before described, to set the alarm by simply locking the door, and to spring the alarm, and ring a bell whenever the door is unlocked, substantially in the manner set forth. BRICK MACHINESHeni-y White, of Cleveland, Ohio: I claim, first, The beveled joints oi the mold, as ar- ranged and for the purpose specified. I also claim the mechanism as described when rela- tively arranged and combined in its several parts as set forth and for the purposes specified. METHOD OF ALLOWING FOR EXPANSION ANTi CON- TRACTION OF FENCEsOily Williams, of St. Louis, Mo.: I do not claim, broadly, the tightening of the whes by means of a weight. But I claim the combination of the shaft, B, with the poet, A, and the application of the wires to the said shaft, whereby all the wires are tightened at one and the same time, by one and the same weight, substan- tially in the manner set forth. SEWING MACHINESJ. B. Woofirnif, of Washington, P. C.: I claim, first, the double corrugated yielding spring, between which the thread is guided, the same being regulated by a thumbscrew, or any equivalent device, to bear upon the thread in the manner de- scribed to produce any degree of tension required. Second, I claim making the bowl or shuttle carrier, and at:aching it to the slotted driver, as described, in combination with the circular shuttle race. Third, I claim the application ot extension rods for pitmans to sewing machines, when used in combination with a hinged foot piece to be placed upon the floor, and the machine upon a table, in the manner and for the purpose specified. LIFEBOAT CONSTRUCTED OF MATTEESSESJabex M. Woodward, of New York City: I claim, first, Construct- ing the mattresses with the strong canvas or duck at- tached to them with the eyelet holes, so that they can be united at their edges by lashing for the purpose of making a boat or life raft, as described. Second, I claim the manner of constructing the berth bottoms or supports into irames in the shape of or sim- ilar to right-angled triangles in combination with the mattresses, constructed as described. Third, The combination of the mattresses, canvas and eyelets, with the lashings, diaphragm frames and spar, arranged into the form of a boat, or life raft, as described. STAMPING MILR CaissWm. Mt. Storm (assignor to Allan Cummings), of New York City: I claim the press with thecounterpart die-bearers, forming segments of two concentric circles to fit the exterior and interior of the breast of a narrow mouthed ecu, and having the movable S-shaped head block carrying the follower by guide rods, as shown, on the one part of a die-bearer, while the counterpart die-bearer is provided with rods with hands that pass through holes provided in the can to catch upon the head block, the whole being so con- structed that two parts of the press may be combined and operated through the thickness of the can to per- form its office, and thereafter be readily separated and removed, substantially as described, the purpose being to facilite the marking of such cans after construction r is completed. [See another column.] SEWING MACHUORSM. L. Clinton (assignor to H. F. Hibbard), 01 Ithaca, N. Y. : I claim the cams, B and C. on shaft, A, in combination with spring hook, D, con- structed and operated substantially in the manner and for the purpose described. BULLET MACNINEC. Young, of Auburn, N. Y.: I claim, first. The application of elastic rolls, for the purpose of feeding lead wire into the machine, substan- tially as described. Second. The application of the arrangement or de- vice for gagin,, cutting and depositing the lead into the dies by the same instrument, and the manner of con- structing and operating this portion of the machine, substantially as described. Third, The application of the arrangement, or de- vice of laterel punches, for removing the bullet frons the dies, substantially as described. The above is a full description of improvements in the mode of constructing machines for the manufac- tiire of bullets from cold lead by pressure, la respect to which a caveat was filed, by said Calvin Young, in the month of April, 1317, in the secret archives of the Pat- ent Office. MANUFACTURE OF BRUSiSESStephan Barnes (as- signor to himself, Henry S. Parsons and Semi. Row- land), of New Haven: I do not claim to be the first to secure bristles in a clamp, or its equivalent, while their tops are cemented together, for this has already been done. But I claim the securing of the bristles in separate tufts in the manner described, by the employment of the tubular block, A, or its equivalent, substantially as set forth. SEWING MACHINESS. C. Blodgeit, (assignor to 0. B. Sloat & Co.), of Philadelphia, Pa. : I lay no claim to a shuttle, a needle and mechanism for operating them in such manner and while they carry separate threads, as either to cause the shuttle carrying one thread to pass through a loop of thread, formed and held in cloth or other material by the needle, or to cause the loop of the needle thread to be seiRed by a hook, and cast around the shuttle in such manner as to carry the thread through the loop, as I am aware that such is not new. Nor do I claim the application of the hook to the bobbin in such manner that such hook shall revolve in a circular path, concentric with the axis of the bobbin, and be turned over or reversed in position, so that it shall be caused to point upward and downward while makin,, each entire revolution. But I claim my improved mode of operating the hook about the bobbin, viz., with a compound motion pro- duced by a crank, i, and an arm, p or by two cranks, whereby the point of the hook is made to travel either in an elliptical or a circular path, without being re- versed or made to point upw& rd and downward during its rotation. Also, the particular mode above de- scribed of constructing the hook, viz., so that not only the heel part thereof shall lap over ties edge of the bobbin, but the point of the said hook extend obliquely in manner as described, or toward the needle, and so as to operate therewith as explained, and making the said hook with an auxiliary hook or notch, z, the same being to operate together as spec:fied. FLUES OF ELEVATED OVEN COOKING STovEsJames Easterly (assignor to himself and D. 0. Littlefield,) of Albany, N. Y.: I do not claim the dividing of the due of the stove for conveying the products of combustion to separate flues placed at each end of an elevated oven or to the exit flue by a center passage: neither do I claim an elevated oven having a descending due, with its flue space from end to end of the oven an open chamber. But I claim combining with flues, P P and a center passage arranged substantially as described within the stove an elevated oven, having its flue space, on its sides and top an open chamber, in connection with ads scending flue, with its exit at the base, the whole ar- ranged and operating substantially as described and made known. STEAM PRESSURE AND WATER INDICATORWin. C, Grimes (assignor to David Matthew). of Philadelphia, Pa. : I do not claim the mercury cup, containing mer- cury, nor the glass tubs embodied in the leg of the si- phon, and showing only the rise and fall of the mer- cury by single end of the mercury column in single tube, as this has been done before, and I do not wish to be understood as claiming any such device. But I claim constructing and arranging the concen- tric glass tubes with the connecting pipes, as and for the purpose set forth. Also, the manner of constructing and arranging the connecting pipes with the boiler and the branch or equilibrium pipe between the concentric connecting pipes at the water line of the boiler, as and for the purpose set forth. COUCH SEATS FOR RAILROAD CARSJohn Hariman, Jr. (assignor to John Hartman, Sr.). of Philadelphia, Pa. : I am aware that car seats have been made be- fore so as to be isolated from each other, and to swivel round upon their bases. I am also aware that the back has been made adjustable to various angles of inclina- tion to a horizontally fixed seat, and also that an office couch chair has been ni.ieds with a foot rest and back, so connected together an~ to a fixefi borizontal seat as to move in unison to any required angle of inclination to the said horizontally fixed seat, by the occupant simply changing his position thereon, but nsithcr of these have been constructed in such a manner as that the seat proper can be inclined into the same plans with an inclined foot-rest frame, so as to adapt them as couches to the requirements of a railroad car, as de- scribed. I therefore do not claim, broadly, a swiveling seat with an adjustable back and foot rest. But what I claim in adjustable, backed, reversible couchssats is the combination and arrangement of de- vices, whereby the seat proper, B, can, at the pleasure of the operator, be arranged and securely maintained either in the horlEontal positioa of a chair seat as shown in Fig. I, or in the same plane with the inclined position of the foot-rest frame, E, as a couch, or as shown in Fig. 2, the same consisting of a pedestal, A, seat, B, stem, f, brace, h and foot-rest frame, E, or their equivalents combined, and arranged so as to operate substantially in the manner described. DIAPHRAGM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERASC. C. Har- son and J. Schulizer (assigners to C. C. Harrison), of New York City; We claim the adjustable diaphragm or stop described, composed of overlapping plates oper- ated concentrically by the ring, P. or its equivalent, said ring being operated from the outside of the tube by means of the lever or arm, E or other appropriate de- vice, substantially as described for the purposes set forth. RAILROAD CHAIRSAdam Hay (assignor to himself, S. W. Miller, and L. B. Miller), of Newark, N. J.: I claim, first, The lip or projection, C, formed and adapt- ed substantially as represented, to support the flange of the rail, and in turn to be supported by the upper por- tion of the wedge. Second, I claim a chair having an aperture for the wedge substantially as described, which will in itself contain and secure the wedge, and yet leave it free to support the flange perpendicularly, and to bind the rail laterally, substantially as described. Third, I claim the combination of the lip, C, with the flange of the rail, and the wedge, B; in other words, I claim the support of the flange by the lip, and the supports of the lip by the wedge, affording a fiim rest for the flange, at the same time preventing, by this combination of wood and iron, all vibration and jar. Fourth, I claim the combination on the chair of the wooden ping, e, and the screw, D, in the manner and for the purpose described. STEAM TRAPJ. W. Hoard (assignor to himself and 0. B. Wiggin), of Providence, B. L : I make no claim to any of the parts separately. But I claim the combination with the outer case or chamber, A, of the valve, B, lever, 0, diaphragm, F, mercury holder, 0, and openings, I and C, constructed and operating as described for the purpose set forth. JOURNAL SoxzsH. H, Thayer, of Sandwich, Mass., assignor to J. A. Woofibury and S. A. Woods, of Bos ton, Mass. I claim the combination 01 two or any other suitable number of lubricating chambers, a a, and bearing surfaces, g g, with one trough or chacuel ar- ranged below them as specified. I also claim the combination of the intercepting chamber, d, at each end of the box, w1th the oil trough, fi, the lubricator chambers, a a, and the bearing sur- faces, g g, I also claim making the opening of the chamber, fi, of greater diameter than the journal in manner and for the purpose as specified, And in combination with the intercepting chamber, fi, I claim the intercepting groove, f, arranged in the cap, B, in the manner and for the purpose specified. RE-ISSUES. SIDEWALK PAvIUcENTsJohn B. Cornell, of New York City. Dated April 23, 1317: I claim giving such a shape to the described street gutter section, p that its under surface will securely embrace the top of the ~vall, d, whilst its upper surface at the same time forms a portion of the street gutter, and also a firm supporting base for a section, c, of street curbing, or its equivalent, substantially as represented and set forth. I also claim forming a sidewalk pavement of a series of metallic plates, a a, when the said plates are com- bined with or form portions of sections of metallic street-curbing substantially as set forth. TRAPPOR CATCHING FLnssJoel B. Fullerand George W. Pierce, of Worcester, Mass. : We claim the combi- nation of the wheel or cylinder, having a rotatory mo- tion with the box or case, for the purposes forth. DESIGNS. COOKS OVEN STovEWilliam W. Stevens, of West- brook, Me., assignor to Nathaniel P. Richardson & Co., of Portland, Ms. STovEsNathaniel P. Richardson, of Portland, Me. Recent Patented Improvements. UPSETTING \TISR.With this invention, the anvil plates adjnst themselves to the cur- vatnres, whether great or slight, of the tire, the guide is adjustahie to suit the different thicknesses and CurvatnreS of the Same and the Clamps Can he brought instantly into aCtion and as quickly thrown automatically out of action. It is the invention of E. J. Dodge, of Port Washington, Wis., and was recently patented. OSCILLATING STEAM ENGINES.With this invention the valve is perfectly halanced and the necessity of using a set screw to keep the valve in proper position avoided; the steam itself heing made to perform hoth these func- tions, and thus the easy working of the valve secured, and freedom for expaIssion and con traction ollowed. This invention also al- lows of the the engine being instantly and completely reversed by simply shifting the valve, the valve when shifted presenting a full, open port. The shifting of the valve is rendered very easy, owing to the valve being balanced, as before stated. We regard this as an excellent arrangement and think it will go far towards rendering more perfect the operation of oscillating and other engines. It was invented and pat- ented by G. Rieseck, of Pittsburgh, Pa. WINDOW SASH BALANCR.Th5 window sash balance patented to Ross Johnson, Esq. of Frederick, Md., August 10, 1858, is a very simple and perfect arrangement, it avoiding the necestity of having the ordinary end boxes for the weights and cords, and being applica- ble to all old windows now in use. The in- vention consists in constructing narrow boxes on the jambs at right angles to, and forward of, the window sash and using flat weights with cords passing over pulleys which have their axes at right angles to the edges of the sash. The improvement is very simple and cheap and presents a very neat appearance when applied, and affords all the convenience of the most complete and expensive box frame balance sash. The following inventions have been patent- ed this week, as will be found by referring to our List of Claims MACMINE FOE ADDRESSING NEWSPAPERS. James Lord, of Pawtucket, Mass., has pro- duced a most ingenious machine for the pur- pose of saving much labor in a newspaper office, by directing the wrappers in which the papers are mailed to subscribers. To the peri- phery of a cylinder a number of boxes are secured spirally, in which boxes are arranged types to print the subscribers names. One subscribers name and address is in each box and when combined with ink rollers and a proper bed, by moving certain mechanism, and supplying the wrappers as the cylinder is rotated, it prints the names upon the wrappers quickly and plainly, with much greater facil- ity than by hand, as at present. Each cylin- der can be made to contain ten thousand names, so that when this number has been printed from one cylinder, it will have to be replaced by a new one. This will be a very valuable machine for our daily papers, where many copies have to be mailed in a few hours. METMOD os MARKING MILK CANs.Much of the milk used in cities is conveyed from the country producers to the city dealers, by railroad, and the empty cans are returned by the same conveyance, and as in every train or every car conveying milk, there will be cans belonging to several owners, it is neces- sary that each can be marked in a conspicu- ous manner, with the names or initials of the owner. The common method is to apply on the breast of the can, letters of sheet brass, which are attached by soldering; but the cans are frequently stolen and their identification prevented by the removal of those letters. To prevent this and other frauds, William Montgomery Storm, of New York, has de- vised a small portable press which stamps the letters, by dies, in the breast of the can itself and he attaches the trade mark through a hole in the can, making it part of the can and extremely difficult to remove. PAPER RULING MACiIINE.J. C. Fore- man, of Cleveland, Ohio, has invented a new machine for ruling paper with variable lines, bounded by curved or semicircular ends, form- ing borders for cards, checks, bill Theads and the like, The invention consists in giving to the bed on which the paper is placed, a move- ment below the press corresponding to the form of the borders to be ruled, so that the de- sired lines will be drawn upon the paper; the bed having a frisket attached and so arranged that the paper may be readily shifted on the bed andthe machine manipulated with facility. GOVERNOR YALYR.This invention allows of the piston valve being htsng in suspension, and properly balanced, and thus worked with- out any loss of power and of being opened with a quick motion at the start, and with a gradually decreasing speed as the governor balls continue their descent. Having the valve open quickly at the start is essential in order to meet with nearly a full head of steam the check to the engine caused by the load brought to bear upon it. We regard this as a most excellent arrangement, as it is exceed- ingly simple and complete in its working. It is the invention of L. B. Mc.Cray, of Grand Rapids, Mich. MACHINE FOR PREPARING PICTURE- FRAMEs.Robert J. Mascher, of New York, has invented a machine for this purpose which consists in a peculiar arrangement and adap- tation of well-known trammels for the pur- pose of giving a positive or arbitrary ehipti- cal movement to a tool, this movement cor- responding with the shape of the frame to be operated upon, so that the tool may traverse over the frame and properly distribute the composition that receives the gold leaf; upon it. BLIND AND INSECT NET.This invention consists in attaching a series of wire cloth strips to the blind in such a manner as not to interfere in the least with the opening and closing of the slats, and at the same tines ef- fectually close the spaces between them so as to prevent insects from passing between the slats. The inventor is A. Herder, of New York City. MACHINE FOR MOULDING CLAY RETORTS. The object of this invention is to so mold the clay that it will be of equal density through- out each part or portion of it, as the process of molding is carried on, being subjected to an equal ramming, so that when the articles are molded they will be perfectly free from air-cells, more compact than usual, and con- sequently more durable and less liable to break on account of porosity, and also less liable to fracture in baking, as the shrinkage will be nearly equal or uniform on account of equal or uniform density, and as there are no air cells, fracture cannot occur by the expan- sion of the same. The inventor is Thomas Hoadley, of Cleveland, Ohio. HUB TURNING MACRINE.TI1iS is an im- provemeut in a hub-turning machine patent- ed by the inventor, Alexander Rickart, of Schoharie, N. Y., July 1, 1857. The object of the invention is to~btain by far simpler means the same results that are obtained by the first patented machine, and also to add an automatical device for cutting off the ends or superfluous parts of the hub. 11 N (ci ~cieidific ~n~ctican. ~etu ~frbcntiirn~+ Car Seats and Sleeping Couches. A patent was issued to Eli Wheeler, of Union, N. Y., on the 3d of last month, for an improvement in railroad car seats, capable of being readily converted into comfortable sleeping couches, which, while it insures to passengers a comfortable seat, enables them, with the least possible trouble, to enjoy the eagerly-sought-for repose of sleep, on hori- zontal couches so enclosed as to somewhat resemble state-rooms. The sides of the car, on each side of the longitudinal passage way through its center, are divided by partitions six feet apart, one half of which partitions may be let down, or slided into the other parts so as to give a more open appearance in the day time, and which may be restored to their former position when desired at night. Along the sides of these partitions are arranged the seats, facing each other, each apartment furnishing seats for four persons, capable of being converted in a mo- ments time into comfortable berths and couches for the same number, each with its complement of blankets, pillows and mattresses, which are contained in convenient receptacles. A free circulation of air is permitted, both above and below the berths, as well as on each side, and it is intended to place the car in charge of some suitable person whose sole business will be to wait upon passengers, and see that it is kept scrupulously clean, well warmed and ventilated. What commends this improvement more particularly to favor is its extreme simplicity, there not being a hinge or sliding bolt about it, or in fact any part liable to get out of order, and any passenger can as readily convert the seats into couches, and vice versa, as to turn over the backs of the present seats, and by a similar process. As an evidence of the great favor with which it has already been received among the best qualified to judge, we are informed that arrangements have already been entered in to with some of the principal railroad man- agers to introduce these cars as soon as possible on their roads. Among other testimonials, we have seen a very flattering certificate com- mendatory of the simplicity, efficiency and adaptability to the purpose of the design, of this arrangement of convertible car seats and couches, from Eaton, Gilbert & Co., the celebrated car builders of Troy, who, we un- derstand are now engaged in completing four cars upon this plan for the New York Central Railroad Co. Improved Wet Fuel Furnace. In the use of waste and refuse carbonaceous matter for fuel, it is quite a new idea to pro- duce such a heat in the furnace or fire cham- ber as shall decompose the water and make its gases also available as heating matertal, and for the first time a furnace has been constructed on these principles by Gideon Bantz, of Frederick City, Md. Our engrav- ings fully illustrate the invention, Fig. 1 being a longitudinal vertical section of the furnace, showing its application to a steam boiler, and Fig. 2 being a transverse vertical section through the fire chambers. A A are two arched fire chambers arranged side by side and furnished with bars, a a, be- neath which are the ashpits, B B. These fire chambers are not placed below the boiler, H, but directly in front and parallel with it. They may, however, be placed at one side of the boiler, and at any angle to it. Each is provided with a door, b, but these are only used for lighting the fires, and the ashpits, B, have doors, c, to regulate the supply of air through the grates, and permit of the removal of the ashes. On the top of each chamber are feeders, d d, for supplying the fuel. The chambers, A. are covered with a fiat floor built over the arches that the fuel may be wheeled to the feeders. At the rear end of each fice chamber, there is a throat-like aper ture, e, communicating with a reservoir, C, that is built of brick lined with firebrick uuder the front of the boiler, and which has a concave bottom, m, and a convex back, a. By having the throat this shape, it is not par- tially closed up as it would be if the plate was straight and set inclined and, beside this the heated products of combustion are made to hug the bottom of the boiler, and as the draft is at this point, the perfect combustion of partially ignited gases is insured. The convex back of the reservoir terminates in and serves as a bridge wall, f, and has a concave top so formed as to leave a space, o, of but three or four inches between it and the boiler. In the rear of fare a series of reverberatory chambers, D, separated by walls, g, each chamber being provided with one or more doors, h, in either or both sides, for the pur- pose of admitting air in sufficient quantities either to complete the combustion of the gases from the fire chambers or to check the draft. The reservoir is furnished with a door, le, for a similar purpose. At the rear end of the last chamber, D, there is a wall, g, behind which is a drop flue, E, leading to the chimney. The operation is as follows :The gaseous products of combustion in the fire chambers, A, escape by the throats, e, into C, where they mingle together, and the combustible portion becomes ignited, and where their heat acts upon the boiler, and from thence they pass into the chambers, D, gradually, giving up their heat to the boiler, and finally descend the flue, E, to the chimney. The effect of BANTZS WET FUEL FURNACE. ~Fk9.]. iT the principal portion of the improvement, which consists in the employment of the reservoir, C, connected with the fire chamber by the throats, e e, of much smaller trans- verse area than the fire chambers, is that the products of combustion and heat are prevented leaving the fire chambers too rapidly, and the saId chambers are consequently caused to be heated to an intense degree, and a very nearly perfect combustion of the fuel is obtained there, and when the gaseous products of com- bustion leave the chambers by the throats r137,2, and arrive in C, the side walls and bottom being at a white heat, the still combustible portion of the gaseous products is ignited under the boiler. In the management of the furnace, care should be taken to supply the charges of fuel to the two fire chambers al- ternately as near as possible at regular inter- vals, so that in one there may be always a bright fire. At night, or any time when no steam is re- quired from the boiler, or when the generation of heat is not required, the two front feeders HARVEY & BECKERS THRESHING MACHINE. ]/Y~y.] This machine is intended to separate the loose grain from the straw before it is threshed, and also to thresh it, carry away the straw, and thoroughly separate the grain which has been threshed from the ears. Our engravings fully illustrate the invention, and we will now proceed to describe them. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section. A represents the revolving threshing cylin- der and the band wheel by which it is driven, B the stationary concave, and C the blast fan and box, D is a crank wheel, giving motion to the separators through the link work shown, the driving pulley not being seen in our illustration. F are a system of levers giving a reciprocating motion to the toothed bars, G, which move over and in an opposite if should be filled up with fresh fuel, the ashp~t doors closed up, and one or more of the doors, 1& , opened, to prevent more than a very limited supply of oxygen to the fire chambers, so that when the doors are closed and the ashpit opened, the fire will begin to burn briskly. Any number of fire chambers may be em- ployed in this most excellent arrangement for burning wet tan, bagasse, and such like fuel. It was patented June 22, 1858, and any further information can be obtained by address- ing the inventor as above. direction to the perforated bottom, H. I is an under inclined grain conducting board, G H I, forming the straw carrier. The bars, G, are to carry the straw to the thresher, and the perforated bed allows the corn that may be loose among it to fall down on to the con- ducting board, I, so that it does not pass through the threshing machine. J is a foot- board at the lower end of the inclined con- ducting board, I, for the grain to strike against it as it descends. L M N represents the separator, K, Fig. 1, being the shoe or box. The screens, K L, Fig. 2, are both at- tached to the same frame, M, and vibrate to- gether, the screen, L, being so slightly in- clined as to cause the grain to work to its forward end, g. This screen terminates over a spout or chute, N, which has a guard- board, is, and serves to receive and conduct off the tailings and other foreign substances which are too heavy to be blown through the forward end of the machine by the blast of the fan. The second screen, K, inclines to the box, 0, into which the cleaned grain empties, and below K are inclined boards to conduct seed . passing through K to a receiv- ing box, Q. The wind board, P, of the fan is hinged at its lower back edge, and its other edge is supported by straps so that it can be moved to direct the blast toward any desired point on the shoe or sieves, of the sepa- rator. x and a, are two dust passages or out- lets, so that the dust is conveyed away from the thresher and from the separator without at all inconveniencing the operator. The great advantage of this machine is, that in the one frame and in a compact form it combines two operations, which are both perfectly and efficiently performed. The in- ventors are J. M. Harvey and N. J. Becker, of Amsterdam, N. Y., and they obtained a patent August 10, 1858. Any further parti- culars may be obtained by addressing the in- ventors or the general agent, George Howe, Fort Hunter, N. Y. Zinc was first mentioned by Paracelsus in the year 1541. C) kQ~K& 5O) Q~, 12 ) 4~) ~cienti& ~ ~n~cvitan + NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 18, 1858. Science of Ocean Telegraphing. Some of our cotemporaries have been in- dulging in somewhat curious speculations in regard to ocean telegraphing. After the cable was laid, on the 5th of August, it was stated that it would be in working order and open to the public in about two weeks. More than a month has since elapsed, and this pro- mise remains unfulfilled. A few electric mes- sages have passed across the Atlantic, but at long and painful intervals. On the 28th ult., news was received that the Asia was to sail from Liverpool on that day; the next news received from Europe was by the steamship herself, which arrived at Halifax on the 8th inst., thus beating the Ocean Telegraph eleven days. The Yew York Herald attributes all the blame to the defective instruments of Professor Whitehon se, which it says are a combination of the Morse and Bain systems, (an impossi- bility, the one being chemical and the other mechanical,) and firmly asserts that Mr. Hughes instruments would work the line with great rapidity. The New York Evening Post, of the 6th inst., assumes that the diffi- culty with the Ocean Telegraph is not due to the instruments, but to the cable itself. This is not a new idea, although it is put forth as such, and upon the most unscientific data. It says: We propose to consider the fun- damental grounds of the difficulty, and apply them to the general question of ocean tele- graphy. The velocity is not determined by the force and intensity of the electric current, nor by the thickness of the wirethese condi- tions only modify the law which determines the velocity of propagation. Professor Wheatstone sent a current through a brass wire the twelfth of an inch in diameter with a velocity of 286,000 miles per second. Mr. Walker, one of our own electricians, sent a current with the velocity of 18,000 miles per second. Messrs. Fizean and Gounelle sent a current along an iron wire one-fifth of an inch in diameter 62,700 miles per second, while along a copper wire of double this diameter, they sent a current 110,000 miles per second. So that conductors made of different substances, and of different sizes of wire, do not give velocities proportional to their conducting powers. Hence it follows, that the difficulty of transmission with ocean cables will be one of velocity and not of power. This we might have anticipated from the discussion of first principles; and the Atlantic cable has verified the theoretic inference. To derive such an inference and arrive at such a conclusion, extracts from Gullivers Travels would be as useful as the above, re- lating to the experiments with electric con- ductors. The reasoning of the Post amounts to this in plain language :An electric cur- rent moves with as great a velocity in a cop- per as in an iron wire; therefore, as the con- ducting wire of the ocean cable is of copper, the difficulty of transmission is one of veloci- ty. A droll conclusion from such a premise. The experiments related prove that currents flow more rapidly in large than in small con- ductors, and the law of resistance in this re- spect is well known. But these experiments only determined the velocity of currents per second, not according to the length of the line, which is quite a different question, and the one under consideration. It is well known that a resistance is offered to the electric currents in all conductors, and this resistance is in proportion to the length and thickness of the conducting wire. The longer the wire the greater the resistance the thicker the wire the less the resistance. One mile of copper wire one-tenth of an inch thick offers as much resistance as one four miles long the fifth of an inch thick. The Post is correct in one particular. It says that ~ hot and cold currents in thc ocean will affect the time of the passage of the electric current in the cable. Sir Humphrey Davy made this discovery, and it accords with the working of our telegraph lines on land. In very cold weather the current flows freely, while in warm weather telegraphing is greatly im- peded. If the Ocean Cable passes through a portion of the warm Gulf Stream, its conduct- ing power must be greatly impaired. To provide a remedy for this difficulty, the Post proposes that a cable should be con- structed with permanent magnets attached at intervals along it whole length. This would increase rather than remove the difficulty. The Ocean Cable partakes too much of the character of a permanent magnet now. It is a sort of Leyden jar, charged with electricity, and thus it presents a counter force to the rapid transmission of signals. The resistance to the current in the Ocean Cable in propor- tion to the length of the wire, is inversely as its diameter, and the r.4ative difference be- tween the conducting power of the wire and the insulating coating of gutta percha. Thus the seven copper wires in the interior of the cable are one-twelfth of an inch in diameter, and the coating of gutta percha is two- twelfths of an inch, or four times the capa- city. Allowing the gutta percha to be fifty million times inferior in conducting power to the copper, the currentin a cable 3,157 miles would be restored to equilibrium. As the Atlantic Cable therefore is 2,022 miles long, about two-thirds of the amount of the force of the current must be absorbed in passing through it. When it is also taken into con- sideration that primary currents produce inductive currents in the cable, the difficulty of ocean telegraphing will be rendered ob- vious by the use of any instrument whatever. Had the cable been larger, it would have formed a better conductor, but that a cur- rent can be sent through it at all, affords some grounds of hope for future improvements in Ocean Telegraphs. This ocean line, we trust, is only the pioneer of others. The Tribune of the 9th inst. contains a letter from Mr. Field in reference to the silence of tho Ocean Telegraph. He attri- butes the difficulties to the use of the instru- ments of Professors WhiJ~ebouse and Thomp- son, but states that these will soon be removed, and those of Professor Hughes will be substituted. In reference to this tele- graph, he says, there is no reasonable doubt that Professor Hughes will be able to trans- mit intelligence through the cable reliably at the rate of about three hundred words per minute. Mr. Field, we think, is inconsiderate in his statements. In endeavoas to send simple currents through the Ocean Cable, these have sometimes ceased to flow for a considerable period of time, without any apparent cause then they would flow again, in the same in- explicable manner. As Hughes instrument does not generate, but is operated by these currents, it cannot remedy this difficulty, as it is one which belongs to the cable, not to the operating instruments. The Hughes tel- egraph also requires a strong current, where- as, the currents sent through the cable have been very feeble. The correct operations of this telegraph depend on the simultaneous re- volution of a type wheel in Ireland and an- other in Newfoundland. If one revolves an instant faster then the other, a wrong message is sure to be sent. In such a long line, this must frequently occur, and thus by the in- struments getting out of register, they will often be rendered incapable of satisfactory operation. CRISIS OF THE FRENCH IRON TRADE.. According to the French papers the very existence of the iron trade in France is at stake. Several large establishments have closed, many others have slackened work, and discharged numbers of workmen, having on their hands the products of the last six months. Tue Sewing Machine Controversy.Tm- portant Case. Several suits in equity are now pending in this and adjoinin,, States, in which the Wheeler & Wilson and Grover & Baker sew- ing machine companies are the complainants. Their purpose is to enjoin the manufacture and sale of certain sewing machines invented by other parties, and which, the complainants allege, violate their patent in the apparatus for feeding the cloth. One of these suits, in which the Atwater ($25) Sewing Machine Company is the principal defendant, was set down for argument, on a motion for a pre- liminary injunction, on August 25th, before Judge Ingersoll, United States District Judge, sitting in circuit at New Haven, Coun. A large number of parties, inventors and others interested in sewing machine patents, were present in court. The complainants were represented by ex-Senator Baldwin, of Connecticut, George Gifford, of New York, and the Messrs. R. and C. J. Ingersoll, of Connecticut. James T. Brady and Edward N. Dickerson, of New York, with whom was associated George G. Sickles, of New York, appeared for the defendants. In these cases the complainants filed bills for injunctions, and on the 25th ult. the mo- tions to restrain the further manufacture of the Atwater and Herron sewing machines, came on to be heard at New Haven. After reading the papers, and before the openng of the case on the part of the complainants, it was suggested to the Court by the counsel for defendants that upon the face of the bill there appeared a fatal defect in the title of the complainants, and that it would be a waste of time to enter upon any extended discussion of the questions of infringement or of inven- tion until that was settled. The bills disclose the fact that the present owners of a portion of the patent granted to A. B. Wilson, November 12, 1850, have, from time to time, conveyed their interests to the patentee, for the purpose of procuring re- issues at the Patent Office, and that after each re-issue the new patent had been re-conveyed to them, but that they had not procured the consent or co-operation of the owner of the remaining portion, whose title to the original patent is still existing and valid. Messrs. Baldwin Ingersoll, and Gifford, for the complainants, contended that an owner of any portion of a patent might surrender and re-issue it at pleasure, leaving his joint owner the privilege of selecting between the original and re-issued patents, and of retaining the original, so far as his interests were concerned, in full force against the public, if he thought it better than the re-issued patent. Messrs. Brady and Dickerson contended that but one good patent could exist at a time for one invention; and that as the original pat- ent in this case had never been surrendered by all the owners, it must be true that any other patent for the invention covered by that original existing patent must be void. Thereupon the counsel for the complainants asked for a week to prepare themselves more fully to argue this interesting point; and the Court, after making some suggestions some- what favorable to the views of the defendants, but without expressing any decisive opinion upon the question, adjourned the further hear- ing till the third Tuesday in September, in order to give the complainants the opportu- nity they desired for more mature reflection. Deaths of Edward Pease. This amiable and talented gentleman died a few weeks since, aged ninety, at his resi- dence in Darlington, England. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and had lived a calm and peaceful life, ever doing good and encouraging humble and rising genius. He it is to whom Great Britain, in a great degree, owes her railway system, for when George Stephenson was a humble colliery engineer, Mr. Pease believed in his ideas, and advanced the capital and used his vast commercial influence to construct the first railway on which a locomotive ever tra veled. To his dying day, George Stephen- son remembered him with gratitude and affection, and Mr. Pease was always pleased to exhibit a handsome gold watch, received as a gift from his celebrated prothgh, bearing the words : Esteem and Gratitude, from George Stephenson to Edward Pease. Among the Statacs. Powers colossal statue of Daniel Webster recently lost on the voyage to Boston, is now in course of reproduction from the original model. The process will require about twelve months. Mr. Harts marble memorial of Henry Clay, for the ladies of Virginia, is in progress, and will be completed this year. The same artist is occupied on a model for a colossal bronze figure of Clay for the city of New Orleans. Mr. Jefferson is also being commemorated in marble, for the State of Virginia, by a young sculptorMr. Gait. Harvard University has secured another of Powers buststhat of Jared Sparks, the late President. California, his latest effort in art, is completed, and will be immediately shipped to New York, for Win. B. Astor. New Appointments at the Patent Office. H. R. Rhodes, of La., to be Chief-Exam- iner of Class I. (Harvesters). A. M. Smith, of N. Y., and John Shu- gert, of Pa., to be Assistant-examiners of the above class. Henry Wurtz, of N. Y., to be Assistant- examiner of Class IV. (Chemical Processes). H. N. Taft, of N. Y., to be Assistant-ex- aminer of Class IX. (Civil Engineering). Robert D. Clark, of Mich., to be Assistant- examiner of Class X. (Land Convegance). Joseph Fales, of Iowa, to be Assistant-ex- aminer of Class XVII. (Household Furniture). Edward Holmead, of Md., to be Assist- ant-examiner of Class XVIII. (Firearms). All the above appointees are able and ac- complished gentlemen. Mr. Rhodes, the new chief of the Harvesters, is very highly spoken. of. Mr. Wurtz enjoys an excellent reputation as a practical chemist. We believe it is now generally admitted that the Patent Office has suffered nothing, but rather gained, by the removal of sundry of the elder examiners, who were chiefly distinguished for their dogged adherence to old-fashioned views. Under the generous and liberal interpretation of the Patent Law introduced and insisted upon by the present Commissioner, Mr. Holt, the Office is work- ing with admirable harmony and efficiency. Something for onr Friends. If at any time we should reasonably enter- tain fears for the immediate prosperity of the ScIENTIFIc AHERICAIe, they would probably have taken hold of us at this particular pe- riod. We know that there is now nothing like a panic, such as we encountered at this time last year, just as we were beginning a new volume; but there is that which is sometimes worse than a panica deadness in the arteries of the mechanical trades of our countrythe result of a commercial depress- ion. Yet in spite of these adverse influences the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN has a host of true friends who are now actively canvassing for it; and at no former period in its history have subscriptions come in more encouragingly than at present. Our friends are doing no- bly, and we heartily thank them. Their good words and their fine lists of names cheer us, and we hope they will continue to persevere in their well-doing until they have increased the subscription-list of their favorite paper to at least five thousand above what it had at the close of the last volume. The editorial force employed upon the ScIENTIFIc AHERI- JAN was never so strong as now ; and alto- gether we can confidently promise our read- ers that the present volume will afford a rich and rare treat of useful and entertaining matter. 13 (~GN~ K ~ C c~ cicwti$~ ~ntcvican+ The Gulf Stream. TO LIEUTENANT MAURY, U. 5. N. DEAR SIR :A few evenings since I was engaged in conversation upon a subject in which I had previously devoted some con- siderable thought, and on which I had pro- posed to lecture, but other things having oc- cupied my time I have not done so; but as you, as an authority, were appealed to during the conversation, pardon me for addressing you upon this subject. You have taken a deep interest in making soundings of the ocean and a general chart of its waters; you may, therefore, be better able than any other man to say whether the theory entertained by me for the cause of the Gulf Stream is correct. If you think it worth your while to examine into that theory and understand what it is, you would oblige us. In order for you to do so, it is proposed you should take a map of the world, and examine the position of the rivers of this continent lying between the Al- leganies and Rocky Mountains, those of Mexico, and in our southern States that bor- der on the Gulf of Mexico, those of Central America aud the northern part of South America, and observe into what they flow, and then the narrow gorge or outlet between the coast of Florida and the island of Cuba. These innumerable and hundreds of thousands of miles of rivers, some of the largest capacity and greatest length of any on our globe, throw their accumulated waters into the Gulf of Mexico, and have to make their exit to the ocean, dammed up as they are from escaping in any other direction by the long reach of the Antilles, which by their own heads, or by their sunken rocks, affords a complete barrier to their passage in any other way tban through this narrow gorge, and then ask your- self the question whether this great accumu- lation of waters in the Gulf of Mexico, sub- jected as they must be to the tropical heat of the sun through the Gulf, having to flow so great a distance, and presenting it to so large a surface, subjected to the heat of 900 to 1000 or more, might not explain the fact that when they arrive off the eastern coast of Florida they should have attained to a degree of heat of 760 (that being the heat of the waters in the Gulf), and that they should rush through that gorge with the velocity they do, every particle of which is ever and continuously pushed on by the constant rush of these rivers. Then take into consideration that there is a tide setting into the Caribbean Sea, commenc- ing at Cape St. Roque, on the north-east point of South America, which continues through that sea and through the Gulf of Mexico to add to its waters, after being subjected to the same tropical sun, through the vast extent of this sea and Gulf and along the coast of South America, to be added to those of the innumer- able rivers that flow into the Gulf, and all to have their outlet through the narrow space between Florida and the island of Cuba. It has seemed to me that this is a proper solu- tion of this great phenomenon, and the meet- ing of these heated waters with the salter and colder waters of the ocean is the occasion of the phenomena that takes place at this outlet of them, walled up, as they are, between the coast on either side. In looking at the map and considering attentively these facts, and your superior knowledge of the position of things there (fer I have never been there to examine them), you may be able to confirm or disprove that such causes could produce such results. Again, look at the map of the waters that run into the Mediterranean Sea, and what is the course they must take? We understand it has been ascertained that while the water is, apparently, constantly flowing into that sea from the ocean, there is an under current that flows into the ocean, shooting, as it were, under it, producing, till that current was as- certained, the unaccountable phenomenon of inward flow of the ocean through the Straits of Gibraltar, which led the scientific to sup- pose there must have been sufficient evapora- tion going on by the Sun to carry off these waters, accumulating, as they apparently did, from so many sources. We understand there is a tide commencing at the Bay of Biscay, (supposed to be occasioned by the trade winds) running south on the coast of Africa till it meets with a current running from the Cape of Good Hope, occasioned, as is supposed, by the monsoons; and perhaps, I may add, a current round Cape Horn, both of which are, perhaps, occasioned by the waters that flow into the Pacific on the western coast of South and North America, and the southern and eastern coast of Asia, which, joining with the current as it shoots off the north-western coast of Africa, strikes the north-eastern coast of South America at Cape St. Roque; then you will perceive by the formation of that coast, it would lead this current into the Caribbean Sea, and meet the waters that flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Now, keeping your eye on the course of the Gulf Stream, the question has arisen in my mind whether, after striking the coast of Europe, it does not continue down that coast till meeting with the waters that flow into the Bay of Biscay and the waters of the Mediterranean, as they arise from their submersion, and continue on in their course, making thereby the great cir- cle of the waters, and accounting for the im- mense currents that are constantly circulating through the ocean. I have heard that the influence of the Pis- catiqua river is felt in the ocean twelve miles from its mouth. You may know, perhaps, in the Exeter, Ne wmarket, and Durham rivers there are what are called the great and little bays, containing a number of thousands of acres, which have to be filled and emptied at every rise and fall of the tides, which, to- gether with the waters which come from the other branches of that river, probably pro- ducing its rapid flowso rapid that it never freezes over. The question has arisen if so small a river and bays, comparatively speak- ing, can produce such effects that their influ- ence can be felt so far out at sea, and other rivers on the coast are felt in a similar man- ner, what may or what must be the effect of so large a number of rivers of such extreme length, many of these three or four thousand miles long, and bearing on their bosoms, as has been expressed, whole forests of trees, and acres of land sunk beneath their waves? and these continue ever flowing, and are, without cessation and without ceasing, pushing before them, for an eternity of ages, the waters that immediately preceed them. Taking this view of the subject, the ques- tion arises, will these facts, in your mind, ex- plain the currents of the ocean? and will the observations you have made in your valuable surveys confirm this theory, and enable our navigators better to understand the currents, counter currents, and eddies which it is pre- sumed they meet with in all parts of its waters? G. W. F. MULLEN. Boston, Mass., August, 1858. [The above letter was sent to us for publi- cation in the form in which it now appears. We have not made any alterations, even in the heading, as it contains so much that is new, that we thought the author should state his theory exactly in his own way. Should Lieut. Maury think it worthy a reply or com- ment, we shall be happy to publish that also. EDs. The Color of Wall Paper. MEssRs. EDITORsOn page 320 of Volume XIII. of the ScIENTIFIc AMERIcAN, I find an article on the poisonous qualities of certain green wall paper, where arsenic was made use of in its manufacture, causing, as was sup- posed, the air of the room to be impregnated thereby. I think I can say a few words upon this subject, which, if they do not satisfy you as to the real cause, may assist, by further research, to clear up the case. But few persons have any idea of the bane- ful influences which different colors have upon the mind and body. Some two years ago, I no- ticed in one of the New York papers the ac- count of a physician, who had for months failed to make any change in the health of a whole family he was attending, all of whom were affected alike with a stupor of mind and languid state of the nervous system. At length, upon entering the room one day, he observed the dingy, yellow color of its walls. This struck him very forcibly, and he imme- diately caused them to be whitewashed, when to his surprise and satisfaction, he found, upon his next visit, the patients who had been confined for months, almost entirely recover- ed. No more physic was necessary. I well know the depressing effect which the color of my office has upon my mind and body. I cannot sit down with any satisfac- tion, and I often fall asleep in five minutes when I attempt to read; thus causing stupor and a languid state of body. The office next door, being whitewashed, has no such unplea- sant effect, everything being much more cheerful, and tending to promote lively spirits. The color of my office is a light green, made so on account of my eyes for ease in operat- ing upon the mouths of patients. Who has not experienced an elevation of spirits when the sun shines out after a dark and gloomy storm? You well know the effect it has upon organic matterthe animal and the vegetable worlds. After the dark night, all hearts leap for joy on the dawn of the bright morning. Pure white light is necessary to health, and more attention should be paid to the coloring of the walls of rooms for the sake of promoting it. W.G.A.B. Dover, Del., August, 1858. Subsuarine Cables.Wlso is the Man? A correspondent of the New York Tvibune asserts that J. J. Craven, a Newark mechanic, was the first to apply, in 1846, gutta percha to the covering and insulating of submarine electric wires, and claims for him a share of the praise now so freely bestowed upon a cer- tain few whose names have been brought prominently before the public in connection with the Atlantic Cable. This is a mistake. Mr. Craven made application for a patent for the application of gutta percha to the cover- ing of wires in the summer of 1848; and the patent was refused, on the same ground that one was refused J. Reynolds, of this city, for the same purpose, some months previous. We do not know who was the first to apply this important non-conducting material to tele- graph wires, but we do know that as early as 1846, before gutta percha had been known to any useful extent in this country, Mr. Rey- nolds ccnstructed a machine for irsulating wires, one or more in number, with india rubber softened by camphene, and macerated by forcing the gum so softened through a seive-like die connected with the same ma- chine in which the insulating was effected. Samples of iron and copper wire thus coated were shown to Professor House, the inventor of the printing telegraph, Mr. J. Richards, the constructor of the House instruments, and others. In the autumn of 184647, two lines of wire were thus insulated with a compound of india rubber and sulphur for Mr. Hugh Downing, the President of the House Tele- graph Co., for connecting this city and Phila- delphia by telegraph; and in the months of April, May and June, 1848, a large amount of small iron and copper was insulated and covered with gutta percha by Mr. Reynolds, for persons connected with the Morse lines; and in July of that year four miles of No. 9 iron wire were insulated with a double coating of gutta percha by the same gentleman, a part of which cable was placed at the bottom of the river between New York and Jersey City. The persons for whom this cable was made were supposed to be in the employ of Professor Morse. In the years 55, 56, 57, ten miles of No. 9 wire on reels of one mile in length were covered with a double coating of gutta percha by Mr. Reynolds, and a great quantity of No~ 16 with a single coating. The machinery for performing these results is of the most ingenious character, and a pat- ent for it was applied for in 1848, but on ac- count of Mr. Reynolds declining to make a disclaimer, the patent was not obtained until 1856, when, through our Agency, this patent and four others were secured for working gutta percha into useful articles. We also secured a patent for the same inventor in 1850 for covering wire. In reference to the claims of Samuel T. Armstrong, who has also received a promi- nent notice in the Tribune for his supposed agency in insulating wire with gutta percha, we would state that all the useful machinery ever employed by him for this purpose was invented and made by Mr. Reynolds, and op. erated by Lorenzo Higgins, of this city. Those who are so willing to rush into print, claiming the honor of great discoveries, should be careful not to spread too much canvas at the start, as they are liable to have their honors ruffled, and the wind finally taken out of their sails. The Potato Rot. In regard to the Henderson insect theory and cure of the potato rot, the Gountry Gess- tleman remarks Now if the theory that the potato rot is caused by this insect is correct, there are these difficulties, which must occur to any one acquainted with entomology 1. The insect referred to has always been known in this country, and was probably quite as numerous fifty years ago as it ever has been since. From the earliest times the farmers have found it infesting their potato fields, and have consequently given it the common name of the the potato bug. Why did it never cause the rot until so recently? 2. The insect referred to has never infested Great Britain; the only examples of it seen there, so far as we .can ascertain, having been carried thither as curiosities in collections gathered in this country. Why did the po- tato rot appear there? Could the devasta- tions of the insect in the crops of America have caused the rot that carried off all the potatoes in Ireland one or two years before? Lest there might be some mistake on our part, we submitted this subject to Dr. Asa Fitch, who will surely be received as an authority, and whose endorsement we have for the statements in the last two para- graphs. In answer to these inquiries, we would only say that the Phytocoris has not been known in this country as causing the potato rot, and the insect that farmers have known from the earliest times as the potato bug, is the Aphis, and not the Phytocoris. Mr. Smee has observed this insect in Great Britain, and we are not aware of any entomologist in England who would look upon a Plsytocoris as a curi- osity. We think that were Dr. Fitch, with his great entomological knowledge, to inves- tigate the matter carefully, he would do much good, both to practical farmers and pure science. The savant can never be better en- gaged than when verifying, by attentive ob- servation, the discoveries of only practical men, and at the same time separating truth from the weeds that often surround it. Per- haps the Dr. may be induced to reconsider what is apparently an unfavorable verdict, and if he does, we shall look anxiously for a report of his investigations. In confirmation of Mr. Hendersons state- ments we publish the following comumunica- tion Mxssns. EDIToRsNow is the time for each one to verify for themselves, by experiment, the value of Mr. Hendersons statements in reference to the cause of potato rot, as set forth in a late number of the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN. I confess I was led to experiment because the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN indorsed Mr. Hen- dersons statements, which I did simply as follows :I took a perfectly healthy piece of vine and placed it in a bottle of water, and put thereon a few of the bugs, and set it out of the way of other insects. In twenty-four hours half of the leaves of the vine had all the usual symptoms of the disease. Seeing is believing; and as at the present moment each one can try an experiment, they should do so, and make the result as widely known as pos- sible. The information is too important to be neglected. Yours, truly, WILLIAM CLEMSON. East Woburn, Mass., September, 1858. ~14 C) I, 5 ~j;~ QA- U * PERSONS who write to us, expecting replies through this column, and those who may desire to make con- tributions to it of brief interesting facts, must always observe the strict rule, viz., to furnish their names, otherwise we cannot place confidence in their com- munications. Wsaz GAvEA very complete wire 0a0e, which has met the approval of the first brass manufacturers in the country, can be procured of Messrs. J. B. Sharps & Brown, of Provideucs, B. I. J. C., of MassShears and scissors of all kinds, and of the very best quality, can be obtained of Messrs. Wendt & Seymour, No. 51 Gold ot., this city. PoIsoNED Doos.A correspondent from Alabama in- forms us that he relieved two valuable dogs, poisoned with strychnine, by the administration of about a tea- spoonful of camphor gum to each. The relief was al- most instantaneous. They were down, and unable to move. A. W., of MeDr. Scoresby (a good authority on such subjects) asserts that the highest waves of the At. lantic are not over forty feet; but it is said that the al- titude of the waves of the Indian Ocean exceed fifty feet. It is also asserted that at the depth of three hun- dred feet no disturbance is felt in the water of the ocean. J. T., of mdIt has been told to us by at least one hundred different persons within the past ten years, that they had discovered perpetual motion, and without any other knowledge of the special contrivance beyond the simple assertion, we have replied: Impos- sibleyou are deceived. Now, we confess that we have no sympathy with visions of this character, and the sooner all ouch dreamers learn that to accomplish this result they must needs have the power of creation, the better it will be for them. Theorists and specula- tors who search for such chimeras are usually wholly ignorant of the laws of dynamics, and are, therefore, unsafe advisers in such matter. We once conversed with an in0enious Bohemian, who acknowledged hay- in0 spent nearly ten years vainly looking for it. Ho several times almost got it, but at last gave up in des- pair, and declared it impossiblea dearlypurchased ex- perience. You are in the same boat, and the quicker you swim ashore the better. F. S., of N. Y.The point of contact of one sphere with another is a mere point, no matter what may be the size of the sphere. G. W. H., of N. Y.We cannot help thanking you for the compliments you pay us; and in answer to your suggestion for laying the cable, we would say that the same plan has been proposed many times before; but there are many practical difficulties to paying a cable through the bottom of a ship. C. L. B., of Wis.The samples of leather are excel- lent in appearance. but how about the durability? Many things look well, but it is dangerous to become very familiar with them. Our experience in the use of rapidly tanned leather has been rallier disagreeable, and somewhat expensive. RED-HOT WATERA correspondent inquires : Is there any such thing as heating steam red-hot, so as to explode like gas by ignition ? Water is composed of two gases, oxygen and hydrogen. It can be decomposed and resolved into elementary gases by the action of in- candescent platinum, and when the gases are thus ignited they explode with great violence. We have heard of red-hot steam, but have never seen it. PATENT sWe are glad to receive so mauy letters from our clients, thanking us for our services in pro- curing patents for them. These friendly expressions are always gratefully received and duly appreciated. B. B. L, of OhioAlthough water is theoretically in- compressible, it is, in common with all other bodies, composed of molecules, and at the great depths of the ocean these are pressed nearer together by the weight of the superincumbent water, so that, in fact, water is capable of some compression, and as We have no me- chanical means for testing the amount, we can only form our ideas from a course of inductive reasoning. L. B., of CaLYou had better write to the Secretary of the Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manchester, England, who will, we have no doubt, forward your let- ter to Mr. Siemens, and by that means you will obtain all the information you desire. G. M., of N. Y.You ask: What would be the ef- fect of mixing twenty-five per cent of atmospheric air in the gasometer, with the gas which supplies the city? Would it not effect a saving ? It would not be of any benefit to the consumers, although it might increase the profits of the gas company. The addition of air to gas dilutes it, and depreciates its quality. Dr. I. Jiendree, of Selim, Ala., inquires where he can get a good machine to make a very finished and superior pine shingle. C. F. H., of Pa.Bordens condensed milk is pre- pared in vacuo, at a low temperature. The office of the company is in this city. C. H., of S. C.The first telegraph line lain in Eng- land (in 1119) had the wires insulated in glass tubes, and laid in the ground; your suggestion, therefore, as to the use of such tubes, is not new. We agree with you that in many situations this plan would be the best, although the most expensive. PORTER AND ALETemperance people will find an argument to enforce their doctrines, in the fact that 41,071,010 bushels of grain, paying $21,000,000 duty, are ~ annually converted into malt in Great Britain, for ale and porter. From this, some idea maybe formed of the vast quantity of the most important staple of life wasted in the production of these beverages there. Franklin 6 was not far from the truth when he ascribed mush of ths poverty and misery of the people of Great Britain sj,3 ) ~ to their habit of drinking their bread instead of eat- ing it. D. B. W., of N. Y.We are not acquainted with any published work on Selenography. C. Y. P., of MassNo saving of cost is secured by evaporating liquids in vacuo. You therefore could not obtain a patent for economising fuel by evaporating salt brine in vacuo. S. M. C., of WisThere are quite a number of the Corliss cut-offs in operation. They give satisfac- tion, so far as we are aware. E. P. B., of MeYou are correct in regarding inertia and gravity as the causes of the peculiar motions of the rotoscope; hut so much has been published on this question that it has become stale and uninteresting. EFFECT os AN EARTHQUAKEA short time ago there was an earthquake in the Granite State. A letter from Bumney says that the shock was felt in that town and in Hebron; it shook.the houses quite perceptibly. But the worst effect of the earthquake was, that it shook the confidence which has always been felt in the prime- val rocks of New Hampshire. J. A. II., of Mass.You had better wait until it is positively determined to lay another cable across the Atlantic, and then propose your plan to the company. P. L., of GaThe kind of compass and sundial you described is made and sold by every philosophical in- strument maker. The patent must have been granted on some peculiar feature in the combination of the needle with the dial. W. M. K., of N. Y.We thank you for your compli- mentary allusions to the Sce. Ass. We mean at all times to make its columns utter the honest convictions of our sober judgment, without reference to the selfish views of cliques and parties; and when we wrote upon the canal question, the smell or taint of the Central Railroad influence did not hang upon the skirts of our garments, however it might appear to those who can see virtue only in a canal, or vies versa. We are so fortunate as not to need the smile or favor of any soulless corporation, and are prepared at all times to defend or oppose them, as we think proper. Gaoueon AND HAzEL NuTsGround nuts are quite an institution with Young America, eight hundred tune having been imported into the United States from Gambia in one year. But France is the great market for ground nuts, where they are used for oil, of which they contain large quantities. The insignificant hazel nut, soareeable to the palate, but so difficult to get, is exported from Tarragona, to the extent of 21,000 or 30,000 bags, of four to the tun. A kind of chocolate is prepared from them, and they have been sometimes made into bread. The pressed oil of hazel nuts is little inferior to that of almonds. Money received at the Scientific American Office on account of Patent Office business, for tbe week ending Saturday, September 11, 1818 I. XV. H., of L. I., $10; II. B. T.,ofWis.. $10; W. & N., of IlL, $10; D. W. T., of Ill., $10; W. B. B., of Coun., $10; P. H. C., of Ala., $25; W. XV. L., of Ohio, $11; 0. lIM., of Iowa, $10; J. F. H., of Ky., $55; A. W. L.,ofMass.,$lo; H. B., of Ind.,$l0; J. II. H., of Coun., $11; B. & M., of Vt., $11; J. F., of Mass., $10; A.H.G.,ofN.Y.,$l1; N. & Y.,ofN.Y.,$2.i; W. T., of Ill., $10; C. N S., of Conn.,$25; J. P., of Teun., $10; F.H.,of N. Y.,$27; 0. D. T., of Ohio, $10; J. C. T., ofN. Y., $15; E. W., of Mass., $00; E. B., of N.Y., $25; F. B., of Mass., $25; J C., ofN. Y., $25; L.H.M.,ofB.I.,$l5; PP. J.,of Pa., $25; 5. & G. Y., of Pa., $10; J. XV., of md., $25; G. B. C., of N. Y.,$l0; H. H. P.,of N. Y.,$l0; D. S.,ofWis.,$il; J. C. S~, of Mass., $250; G I. C., of Vt., $25~ S H B ofLa..$l0; F. Y.,of Ky.. $25; A. C., ofN. Y.,$25, D. S. MeN., of N. Y., $55; G. C., of Ky., $10; J. D. B., of Pa., $10; H. G., of Ill., $25; J. H. B., ofN. Y., $20; N. W., ofAla.,$l0; C. C., ofind., $50. Specifications and firs wings belonging to parties with the following initials hsve been forwarded to the Pat- ent Office during the week ending Saturday, Septem- ber 11, 1858: C. N. S., of Conn.; F. Y., of Ky.; L. H. M., of B. I.; B.& M.,ofVt.; J. W.,of Ind.; F. H., of N. Y.; E. S., of Vt.; G. I. C., of Vt.; F. B., of Mass.; J. B. H.. of Conn.; J. H. B., of N. Y.; E. B., ofN. Y.; P. AC., of Ala.; G. C., of Ky.; P. P. J., ofPa.; G. B; C., ofN. Y.; D. S., of Wis. A& RSssr~~ PATENT CO., Proisrie- tors of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, continue to procure patents for inventors in the United States and all foreign countries on the most liberal terms. Our experience is of thirteen years standing, and our facilities are un- equaled by any other agency in the world. The long experience we have had in preparing specifications and drawings has rendered us perfectly convei~sant with the mode of doing business at the Unit~d States Patent Office, and with most of the inventions which have been patented. Information concerning the patentability of inventions is freely given, without charge, on sending a model or drawing and description to this office. Consultation may be had with the firm, between nine and four oclock, daily, at their principal office. 128 Fulton street, New York. We established, over a year ago, a Branch Office in the City of Washington, on the corner of F and Seventh streets, opposite the United States Patent Office. This office is under the general superintendence of one of the firm, and is in daily communication with the Principal Office in New York. and personal attention will ho given at the Patent Office to all such cases as may require it. In- ventors and others who may visit Washington, having business at the Patent Office, are cordially invited to call at our office. We are very extensively engaged in the preparation and securing of patents in the various European coun- tries. Fsr the transaction of this business we have offices at Nos. 80 Chancery Lane, London; 29 Boulevard St Martin, Paris; and 26 Rue des Eperonniers, Brussels. We think we may safely say that three-fourths of all the European patents secured to American citizens are procured through our Agency. Inventors will do well to bear in mind that the English law does net limit the issue of patents to inventors. Any one can taRe out apatent there. Circulars of information concerning the proper course to be pursued in obtaining patents through our Agency the requirements of the Patent Office, & c., may be had gratis upon application at the principal office or either of the branches. The annexed letter from the late Commissioner of Patents we commend to the perusal of all persons in- terested in obtaining patents MEssEs. Mesase & CoI take pleasure in stating that while I held the office of Commissioner of Patents, MORE THAN ONE-FOURTH OF ALL THE HU5INE55 OF THE ossnoz came through your hands. I have no doubt that the public confidence thus indicated has been fully de- served, as I have always observed, in all your inter- course with the Office, a marked degree of promptness, skill, and fidelity to the interests of.your employers. Yours, very truly, CHAS. MASON. Communisations and remittances should be addressed to MUNN & COMPANY, No. 128 Fulton street, New York. TJ~ 0 LUMBER MERChANTSFOR SALE -3.The Pontiac Mills, Ottawa river, Canada, with extensive limits. Mill cost $150,000. but will be sold at a great sacrifice, to wind up the estate. Liberal terms of payment. Apply to JAMES DOYLE, Aylmer, C. E., HENRY McKAY, Montreal, or to GORDON & BRUCE, New York City. 2 3 T0h BRICKMAKERSEVERY MAN WHO as witnessed our machinewhen operated by only three horses it turns out the most solid and per- fect bricks at the rate of sixty per minutepronounce it not only superior, but altogether beyond and above comparison with any other in use. For particulars ad- dress the undersigned at Philadelphia. 24~ J.W.& E. C. JAYNE. ~ TEPIIENS STAINS F OR WOODAT half the cost of paint. dyeing, and bringing out thee grain of pine or any inferior wood, so as to resem- ble black walnut, rosewood, mahogany, satinwood or oak. Sold in highly concentrated powders at $2, $1, 50 cts. and 25 cts. per packet, corresponding to the gal- lon, half g9hlon, quart, and pint of liquid. HENRY STEPHENS. Chemist London - ~and 70 William street, New Yoik. ECOND-HAND MAChINISTS TOOLS K) Viz., Engine and Hand Lathes, Iron Planers, Drills, Chuck Lathe, Gear Cutter and Vises, all in good order, and for sale low for cash. Also one new first-class Woodworth Planing and Matching Machine. Address FRANKLIN SKINNER, Agent, 14 Whitney avenue. New Haven, Conn. 1 15 Cl ORLISS PATENT STE AM ENGINES . Abont 250, moot of them froni 40 to 400 horse power are now in operation. On application, pamphlets will be sent (by mail), containing slatements of~responsible manufacturing companies where these engines have been furnished, for the saving of fuel, in periodsvarying from 21~ to 5 years. Boilers, shafting, and gearing. CORLISS STEAM ENGINE CO., 1 4* Providence, B. L IATOODBTJR VS IMPROVED WOODWORTH VT Ph aning, Tonguing and Grooving Machines, are warranted to be vastly superior to any other machines in this country. When exhibited, they have always received thehighest premium. Two gold medals have been awarded. Six patents have been granted to se- cure the improvements on these machines. All sizes constantly for sale, by JAMES A. WOOD- BURY, 09 Sudbury street, Boston. 1 8* D IVETS. IRON BRIDGE, SHIP GIRDER, IL Boiler, Tank, Tender, Gasometer, and Stove Rivets. Railroads, Locomotive and Machine Shops, Gasome- ter Manufacturers, & c., supplied with evei-y kind of rivet used in the trade. PHILLIPS & ALLEN, Rivet Works, Pennsylvania avenue, west of 22d st., Philadelphia. ] 4* ON WOOD AND MECHANI.. ENGRAVING ING, by RICHARD TEN EYC1( Jr., 128 FuLton street, New York, Engraver to the i8cicin tific American. 1 4* RIDGE WADSWORTH & CO., MANU- C facture ro o improved patent Oscillating Steam Engine, with variable governor cut-off. Shop, county, and State rights for sale. Also one-half the patent for Great Brita{n. For illustration see SOL Ass., Vol. 11, No. 51. Circulars with testimonials, & c., sent by mail on application to CRIDGE, WADSWORTH & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 3* IRON AND COMPOSITION CASTINGS, -U- Cloihle d Rolls, Mill Gearing, Fan Blowers, Trip Hammers, Shafting, Shears, Presses, India Rubber Calenders, Grinding and Cutting Machines, Turbine and Center-vent Water Wheels, also contracts made for Breast and Overshot Wood Wheels, also orders ta- ken for the manufacture of patented machinery of all kinds, by the BIRMINGHAM IRON FOUNDRY, Birmingham, Conn. 1 tf SHELDON BASSETT, President. EN~JRAVING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION achinery, Patents, Maps, & c., by WM. J. BAR- KER, No. 23 North Sixth street, Philadelphia, Pa. 1 4* STEAM ENGINES. S. C. pO~ABLE LS,12 Plait street, New York, offers for sale these Engines, with Boilers, Pumps, Heaters, etc., all complete, suitable for printers, carpenters, farmers, planters, & c. A 2?4 horse can be seenin store; it occu- pies a space 5 by 5 feet; weight, 1,500 lbs. ; price, $240. Other sizes in proportion. 2 clw AY STATE PLANER AND MATCHER, B with wrought iron cutter-head and Fitts Patent Feed Works to surface, 24 inches wide, made by J. A. FAY & CO. ,Worcester, Mass. 1 4eow DEAD TIUSHhJGIIES MISSOURI HAND EL Corn Plantertook first premium at United States Fair, September, 1857, in trial testnow chal- lenges all others. Patented November, 1855, and Sep- tember, 1857. County and State rights for sale. Send for a ciscular. Real estate taken in exchange for rights. Address D. W. HUGHES, Palmyra, Mo. 1 5 GR~~U~2~R OF THE AMERICAN IN.. the Crystal PalaceArticles will be received and located on and after Tuesday. Septem- ber 7th. Entrance on Fortieth st. Exhibitors are re- quested to send their articles without delay. 1 2 F. W. GEISSENHAINER, Jr., Chairman. EVEI~LLWRIGhIT, ALL MILL- nd those inteoested in bydrodynam- irs, should become acquainted with the merits and principles of the improved Fourneyron Turbine Water Wheel, or the Universal Turbine, a wheel the most economical in the use of water, and giving the highest percentage, with a partially raised gate, of any yet dis- covered. It gives from 75 to 97 per cent of power, ac- cording to the size of wheel and head employed. For information address S. K. BALDWIN, Laconia, N. H. N. B.For low falls of one, two, or three feet, also forany fall, it will surpass all others. 2 J3* W ARTIISSELFACTING WOOD-TURN.. ESThe best and most practical now in use; one boy will accomplish the work of four men. State and County rights for sale. Address A. WARTH, care W. H. Berthing, 23 Chambers et., New York. or the manufacturers, who have macblues of all sizes on hand. Also a general assortment of machin- ists tools. Circulars sent. Address CARPENTER & PLASS, 479 First ave., New York. 2 )3* ATT~~~REWS 50 PER CENT CHEAP- er manufacturer. Manufactory of kinds of metal screws, of every description, and for every trade, such as manufacturers of Sewing Ma- chines, Gas Fixtures, Scissors, Pianofortes, Machinists, Gunsmiths, Clocksmiths, Watchmakers, & c. C. DU- CREUX, 510 Broadway (opposite St. Nicholas Hotel), New York. 2 J* OIL !FOR RAILROADS, STEAM- OIL! OIL ,and for machinery and burning. Peases Improved Machinery and Burning Oil will save fifty per cent and will not gum. This oil possesses quali- ties vitally essential for lubricating and burning, and found in no other oiL It is offered to the public upon the most reliable, thorough and practical test. Our most skillful engineers and machinists pronounce it superior and cheaper than any other, and the only oil that is in all cases reliable and will not gum. The Scientific American, after several tests, pronounced it superior to any other they have ever used for ma- chinery. For sale only by the inventor and manufac- turer F. S. PEASE, 61 Main st., Buffalo, N. Y. N. ~.Rehiable orders filled forany part of the United States and Europe. 1 13 I HE WORKS OF THE AUBIN GAS CO., .3. (General Office, No. 44 State st., Albany, N. Y.,) as now perfected, are adapted to all materials and lo- calities, and are in successful operation in villages, fac- tories, and private dwellings. For full informationas to cost, probable income of public works, & c., apply as above. For plans, & c., see SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN of March 15th. 1 20 TEAM ENGINES, STEAM BOII~ERS, K) Steam Pumps. Saw and Grist Mills, Marble Mills, Rice Mills Quartz Mills for gold quartz, Sugar Mills, Water XVl~eels, Shafting and Pulleys. The largest as- sortment of the above in the country, kept constantly on hand by WM. BUBDON, 102 Front street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 126 BELTING, STEAM PACKING, MA~IINE GINE HOSEThe superiority of these arti- cles, manufactured of vulcanized rubber, is established. Every belt will be warranted sq,perior to leather, at one-third less price. The Steam Packing is made in every variety, and warranted to stand 100 degs. of heat. The hose never needs oiling, and is warranted to stand any required pressure; together with all varieties of rubber adapted to mechanical purposes. Directions, prices, & c., can be obtained by mail or otherwise at our warehouse. NEWYORK BELTING AND PACKING COMPANY. JOHN H. CHEEVER, Treasurer. No. S Dey street, New York. 1 13 ITAILS SPEEDWELL lRON WORKS, V Morristown, N. J., manufacture Craigs Patent Double-acting Balance Valve Oscillating Steam Engines both stationary and portable, Knowles Patent Muley, Portable, Gang and Re-sawing Mills, Sugar and Chinese Cane Mills and Sugar Pans, Grist Mills, Mill Irons, Richs Water-wheels, Forgings and Castings. Orders for the above, and all descriptions of labor-saving ma- chinerv will receive prompt attention. JOHN H. LIDGERWOOD & CO., 1 12* No. 9 Gold street, New York. WRm~WGHT IRON PIPE, CAST IRON E, Galvanized Iron Pipe (a substitute for lead), Stop Cocks and Valves, Boilers and Boiler Flues. Pumps of all kinds sold at the lowest market rates by JAMES 0. MORSE & CO., 76 John st., and 29, 11 and 13 Platt st., New York. 1 8* FOUNDERS AND PIPE MANU- T 0 IRON TUBERSI will sell the right to use and furnish the best Core Bars extant, for molding all kinds of Green Sand Cores on a hollow bar, for three-inch pipe and upwards. GRO. PEACOCK, Dalton, Ga. 1 0* I AP-WELDED IRON BOILER TUBES- -Li Prossers PatentEvemy article neceesaryto drill the tube-plates and set the tubes in the best manner. THOS. PROSSER & SON, 28 Platt st., New York. 1 5 Cl ARYS CELEBRATED DIRECT ACTING .. Self-Adjusting Rotary Force Pump, unequalled in the world for the purpose of raising and forcing water, or any other fluid. Manufactured and sold by CARY & BRAINARD, Brockport, N. Y. Also for sale by J. C. CARY, 240 Broadway, New York City. 1 Il DECKS PATEN~P DROP PRESS ALL sizes, used for stamping copper or tin wore,bihver ware ornaments, spoons, & c., and for forging gun work, lock work, carriage clips, & c. Also power and foot punching presses and oval die chucks. Manufac- tured by MILO PE~IK & CO., 3 Whitney avenue, New Haven, Conn. 1 J4* TEAM WHISTLES IMPROVED PAT- K) terns for locomotive and stationary engines. A large assortment constantly on hand. Manufactured by HAYDEN, SANDERS & CO., 1 5* 306 Pearl st., New York. ~ AGENTS WANTED TO SELL 5 uuu four new inventions. Agents hays made over $25,000 on one. Better than all other similar agencies. Send four stamps and get eighty pages par- ticulars, gratis. EPHRAIM BROWN, 1 5* Lowell, Mass. ALLOONS FOR SALETWO NEW BAL -LI loons in complete order for aScensions. One of 1,000 lbs. power, the other 400 lbs. Apply to JOHN WISE, Lancaster, Pa. 1 4eow T & WM. W. CUMBERLANDS IMPROVED tF Patent Metallic Oil, for machinery and burning. Warranted to last longer than sperm oil. Manufactur- ed only by the New York Cumberhand Metallic Oil Works, foot of East 24th st. Office, No. 205 Broadway, New York. Under the inventors superintendence. N. BSee that our brand New York Cumberiand Metallic Oil Works, foot of East 24th street, is upon every package, however small. 1 10* ~UILD & GARRISONS STEAM PUMPS ~.A for all kinds of independent steam pumping, for sale at 55 and 57 First street, Willfamsburgh, L. I., and 101 Pearl street, New York. 1 10* GUILD, GARRISON & CO. ~AJ OODWORTII PLANERSIRON FRAMES VVto plane 18 to 24 inches wideat $90 to $110. For sale by S. C. HILLS, 12 Platt street New York. 1 26 WELLINGTON. MILLS EMERY CON- sumers will look for copyright label on each cask, by whomsoever sold, ,and they will be sure of the best emery. Casks contain 200 pounds each. Testimonials of its superiority from Collins Axe Co., and many others. GEO. H. GRAY & DANFOBTH, 1 9* Boston, Mass. These machines have no rivaL[Scientific American. & WILSONS SEWING MA- WREELER NS, 343 Broadway, New York, received the highest premiums awarded in 1857 by the American Institute, New York; Maryland Institute, Baltimore; and at the Ma~~e, Connecticut, Illinois. and Michigan State Fairs. Send for a circular containing editorial and sclematilleeplnlons, testimonials from persons of the highest social 15omeltioss, & e. 1 if ARRISONS 20 AND 30 IN~iH GRAIN H Mills constantly on hand. Address New Haven Manufacturing Co., New Haven, Coun. 1 13 1 RON PLANERS AND ENGINE LATHES U. of all sizes, also Hanoi Lathes, Drills, Bolt Cut- ters, Gear Cutters, Chucks, & c. on hand and finishing. These tools are of supemior quality and are for sale low for cash or approved paper. For cn~s giving full descrip- tion and prices, address New Haven Manufacturing Co., New Haven, Conma. 1 13 dtntif~c ~n~c~ican+ ~cicnct anb ~rt+ BurgIar~s Alarm Clock and Lamp. This invention consists of a novel and in- genious combination and arrangement of levers, rods, and other devices, in connection with the doors or windows of a building, and a bell or clock and lamp in any desired apart- ment therein, so as to give alarm on the en- trance of burglars into a room or building, and to furnish an instantaneous light in the chamber or room in which the lamp is placed, when the parts are operated either by a per- son entering the room or building, or by an alarm clock set to awaken the occupants of the room at a given hour. In our illustrations, Fig. 1 represents an alarm bell and self-lighting lamp iu immedi- ate connection with a door, and a window within a frnme in the same, in order to show the manner of operating the parts by the rais- ing of a window. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of an alarm clock, with a self-lighting lamp combined therewith; and Fig. 3 is a section of the lamp, and parts for operating the same. A is the door of an apartment, on the inner surface of which is arranged a window sash, B, and frame, B, in order to illustrate the method of operating the alarm by both the opening of the door, A, and the raising of the window sash, B. C is an arm or button, se- cured to the inside of. the door by a pin, upon which it can be moved, so as to operate upon the end of a ri0ht angled lever, D, hung inside the door frame or not, as desired. The opposite end of this lever, D, is attached by a wire rod, E, to an oscillating lever, F, sus- pended on a fulcrum above the door; or it may be arranged in any portion of the build- ing, with the necessary rods and levers be- tween its end and the lever, D, to give it the required movement. G is a rod attached to the end of the lever, F, and extending down- ward in the frame of the door, and attached at its lower end to the end of an elbow lever, H, turning on a fulcrum at its angular part, with its opposite curved end extending upward between the door frame, and the horizontal segmental flange, J, on the upper end of a tube, K, surrounding another vertical tube, K, in which is formed a vertical slit, which tube K, is secured to projections on the inside of the door frame, and is provided with a screw cap at its lower end. The upper end of an upright rod, L, is inserted in a notch in the ed0c of a sencilental flange plate, J, which is provided with a hammer at its lower end, and connected to the necessary alarm clock move- ments for operating the same, arranged be- tween the door frame and a bell, M. The window sash frame, B, is connected to the end of an oscillating lever, O,byarod, N, the opposite end of which lever is connect- ed by a rod, P, to the oscillating lever, F. To the upper surface of the flange plate, J, is attached a spring bar, Q, to near the upper end of which is attached by a setscrew, R, a horizontal match passing through an opening in the said spring bar, and h~ving its end on which the chemical igniting substance is placed, in contact with the emery paper sur- rounding a vertical lamp, S, secured on top of the tube, K, and having a wick tube, T, at its upper end. The lower end of the spring bar, Q, projects through the slot in the tube, K, and rests on a spiral spring, s, arranged within the same, which spring is depressed by pressing the flan0e, segmental plate, J, and tube, K, and their attachments to the lower part of the tube, K, and retained in its com- pressed state by turning the segmental plate, J, and tube, N, slightly around, so as to bring the lower projecting end of the spring bar, Q, in a horizontal slot in the tube, K, extending ~ at right angles from the upright slot in the same. When the spring is thus compressed, and the several parts in the positions repre- k& ~Th sented, the spring bar, Q, is sprung hack, $ to press the igniting end of the match against ~I9 the emery paper, with a sufficient degree of force to produce the required friction to in- flame the same. The opening of the door, A, or raising of the window, B, will cause one end of the oscillating lever, F, to be depress- ed, and the opposite end to be raised, and the MATTHEWIVIANS the required degree of force to ignite the match by its rubbing over the iurface of the emery paper, to light the lamp, and simultane- ously with this movement, the rod is detach- ed from the detent or notch in the edge of the segmental flange plate, J, and the previously wound-up clock alarm rings an alarm to awaken the occupants of the room. In the same manner the clock represented in Fig. 2, on the lamp cylinder, S, gives that cylinder a rotating movement equal to the movement of the holder, so that a fresh surface of the cylinder is presented at each operation to be operated upon by the match, and the difficulty which a stationary surface would present, of having the same worn smooth, or filled up with the gum from the match, is avoided. The lighting apparatus and alarm can be ar segmental plate, S, and tube, K, to be turned by the action of the elbow lever, H, until the lower projecting end of the spring bar is de- tached from the horizontal slot in the tube, K. The spring bar, Q, or match holder is then carried upward by the spiral spring, s, with BURGLARS ALARM CLOCK AND LAMP. can be set to ring the alarm at a given hour, in which event the lamp will be lighted by the movements of the before described parts, through the action of the hammer, W, of the clock upon the bent end, V, of a bar, U, con- nected to the flange plate, I. The turn given to the spring bar or match holder, Q, to re- lease it from the slot in the tube, K, when the match is in contact with the emery paper ranged in any convenient position in the room, and be operated by wires leading from the exposed doors or windows liable to be forced and entered by burglars, and when the lighting apparatus is operated by the clock as stated, a person can have a light when he is awoke by the ringing of the alarm. The patent for this highly ingenious con- trivance was issued to John Matthewman, of New Haven, Coun., on the 6th of July, 1858. Any further information can be obtained b~ addressing him as above. WOOD EseBOsseNG.A newly invented pro- cess for so softening wood that it may be pressed into iron mulds, and receive perma- nent and sharp impressions in has-relief, has, under the name of Xyloplasty, attracted snuck notice in Paris. The wood is softened by steam, and imbued with certain ingredients, which impart to it sufficient ductility to en- able it to receive has-relief impressions from four to five millimetres in bight. For medal- lions, bosses, & c., mastic is forced into the hollows, so that all tendency in the compress- ed wood to split or open is completely over- come. For bookbinding purposes much seems to be expected from this process, as it is ap- plicable to the scented or odoriferous woods cedar, teak, cypress, rosewood, & c.. which are verm~fuge in their nature; so that through their covers, hooks will in future be protected from the ravages of insects. NOVEL APPLIcATION OF ARTILLERY.A road contractor in France near the Pyrenees, having lately found the process of blasting an overhanging rock rather difficult, and a mor- tar battery of the 10th regiment happening to be passing along, he telegraphed to Paris for leave to open fire upon a crag seventy yards above the road, over which it impended. A few rounds of ten-inch shell soon brought the entire mass to fragments. About ten minutes served for the operation. 5@- TEE expenses of the British Patent Office for this year have been $130,990 over and above its receipts. Rather an expensive lux- ury to the British people. They should copy us, and make it more nearly self-supporting. This valnable and widely circulated jonrual entered upon its FOURTEENTH YEAR on the 11th of Sep- tember. It is an Illustrated Periodical, devoted to the pi omul- gation of information relating to the various Mecasm- cAn and CluinscAn ARTs, MANUFACTUENS, AezicoaTuz, PATENTS, INvENTIONs, ENeINENEINO, Meca Woza, and all interests which the light of PRAcTIcAL SCIENcE is calculated to advance. All the most valuable patented discoveries are d - lineated and described in its issues, so that, as respects inventions, it may be justly segarded as an Illustrated Repertsry, where the inventor may learn what has been done before him in the same field which he is exploring, and where he may publish to the world a knowledge cf his own achievements. Reports of American Patents granted are also pub- lished every week, including official copies of all the PATENT CLAIMs. These Patent Claims are furnished from the Patent Office Records exeressly for this paper, and published in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 151 aclvesscs sf all shier pssbiicatiosss. The contributors to the SCIENTIFIC AMERiCAN are among the most eminent scientific and practical men of the times. 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VOL. XIV. TILE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, PUBLISHED WEEKLY At No. 125 Fulton street, (Sun Buildings,), New York, BY 1IIUNN & CO. 0. D. ILUNIc, S. 191. WALES, A. E. BEACH. Responsible Agents may also be found in all the principal cities and towns of the United States. Sampson Low, Son do Co the American Booksellers, 47 Ludgate Hill, London, ~ng., are the British Agents to receive subscriptions for the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Single copies of the paper are on sale at the office of publication, and at all the periodical stores in this city Brooklyn and Jersey City. TEIIMSTwo Dollars per annumOne Dollar in advance, and the remainder in six months. l~W~ See Prospectus on last page. No Traveling Agents employed. Explosions.Steasnboat Law Enforced. In the early part of this year there occurred quite a number of steamboat explosions on the western rivers, forcing the conviction upon us that they were due to dereliction of duty on the part of Inspectors. This opinion we expressed, with somewhat severe remarks, in several instances in our last volume. Recent investigations have confirmed our opinions, and it affords us pleasure to announce that the steamboat law of 1852, passed to ensure greater safety of life, has just been vindicated in the dismissal of a delinquent board of local Inspectors. In the month of January last, the steam- boat Fanny Fern, of Pittsburgh, exploded her boilers, while on a trip on the Ohio river, and the cause was proven to be a want of water in one of the boilers, while one of the engineers (J. M. King), was on watch. The local Inspectors, Messrs. J~ & Dickey ~nd Andrew Watson, did not give the case a thorough examination; and although the out- rage was very flagrant, they did n6t revoke Kin~s license. The captainThomas Rogers. complained of them some months after- wards to the Secretary of the Treasury, who referred the matter to the supervising In- spectorBenjamin Crawford, of that district, who gave it a careful examination, and re- ported to the Secretary that the local Inspect- ors were highly censurable. Upon the ren- dering of his report they were dismissed from office, and Capt. R. J. Grace, of Pittsburgh, and Thomas Snowden, of Brownsville, have been appointed to fill their places. Mr. Craw- ford has endeavored to carry out the provi- sions of the law in~its integrity, and we hope the decisive action of the Secretary of the Treasury will be a warning to other delin- quent Inspectors, and that it will spur them up to increased vigilance in the performance of their responsible duties. Cure for lilusquito Bites. According to an exchange, spirits of harts- horn, if applied immediately, constitutes a thorough antidote for the bites of musquitos, or any poisonous insect or animal. Travelers should govern themselves accordingly, while every summer resort that is liable to a visi- tation of musquitos, gnats, and other offen- sive and annoying insects, should keep con- stantly on hand a liberal supply of the anti- dote. Lime water is also believed to produce the same salutary effect, and if neither of the articles named can be obtained, any strong lye of wood ashes and water, may be resorted to with advantage. @0 A Brussels paper says that Dr. Andre Schleiermacher, one of the greatest scientific notabilities of Germany, died suddenly at Darmstadt, on the 11th July. WOODRUFFS RAILROAD CAR SEAT AND SLEEPING COUCH. For several years after the introduction of ing, or in the horizontal lowered position to these curtains can be folded above them so as railroads in this country, the accession to the assist in forming a double sleeping berth, as to be entirely bid from view. speed of traveling was so great, that passen- shown at the left of the said engraving. When Cars construc~ed after this admirable plan gers were satisfied with traveling in the day thay are arranged to form seats, they are are now in operation on the Buffalo and Erie, time only, but the business of railroads for raised so as to bring their leg~ ih openings Cleveland ana Erie, Cleveland and Cincin- the past few yearshas been gradually chang- next the edges of the raised platforms, B; and nati, Micbigau Central, Michigan Southern, lug from day to night travel, particularly cushioned backs, F, hinged to the tops of the Ohio and Mississippi, Chicago and Galena among business men who cannot affcrd to lower part, C, of the partitions, A, and to Union, and Chicago, Fort Wayne and Pitts- lose~the time required for exclusiye day tin- said partitions, A, are brought to the proper burgh Railroads, and have received the most veling. Hence we took occasion in our issue inclined positions in relation to them to serve unqualified approval of all who have enjoyed of June 19th to set forth the great necessity as back supports. G are horizontal platforms their advantages. The great beauty of this of our railroad corporations furnishing the projecting from the sides of the car, midway invention is the ease and little labor with traveling community with sleeping accomo- between the partitions, A, so as to form a rest which the seats are transformed into sleeping dations, intimating that such a step on their or table for the passengers to rest upon when berths or couches, which in point of comfort part would add materially to the business and sitting down, and also in connection with the are all that can be desired. Another im- travel over their respective roads. Acting cushioned backs, F, immediately opposite, a portant feature embraced by it is that should upon our suggestions many Western railroads sinnie sleeping couch or berth, when the said only a portion of the passengers desire to have provided means to this end, by construct- backs are raised on their hinges so as to bring sleep, they may do so, without at all inter- ing the seats of their cars after the improved them on the same horizontal plane witli the fering with the comfort of the others; while plan patented by T. T. Woodruff, by which rests or platforms, G, to the edges of which the curtains, K, may be hung so that the they can be readily converted into comfort- they are firmly secured by suitable sliding occupants of the berths or couches may be able sleeping couches, partaking in a great bolts beneath. H are other longitudinal partially or wholly secreted from observation, measure of the character and privacy of a cushioned berth or couch platforms, arranged and as much at their .base as they would be state room. between the partitions, A, immediately above in the berths of one of our best regulated Our illustration represents a perpective the single berth or couch formed by the table steamers. view of a portion of the interior of a rail- or plaiform, G, and backs, F. These berths Any further information desired may be ob- road car, showing the seats in the position in or couch platforms, H, are suspended by tamed by addressing the inventor and pat.. which tb~y are arranged when intended to be curved bars, I, on pins or bolts inserted in the entee, T. T. Woodruff, care of 0. W. Childs, occupied by the passengers in a sitting pos- partitions, A, which admit of their being Sauna, N. Y. ture, and also when changed to formi~jible lowered to the suspended position represented and single sleeping couches or berths. A A at the left of our illustration, to form a sleep- Vital Force or Momentum. are a series of transverse partitions, arran- lug berth or couch, or turned and raised im- The Philadelphia Ledger, in a brief article ged on either side of the car, at the re- mediately next the roof of the car when not on the above topic, seems to consider that vi- quired distance apart to admit of berths or employed in this capacity, and thus removed tal force and momentum are the same thing. couches being formed between them. B is a entirely out of the way of the passengers, and Mechanical philosophers make a distinction between them: thus, steam confined in a raised platform extending from the partition made to e imbellish rather than injure the in- boiler is a force; the steam moving a piston is A, and its lower portion, C, next the longitu- tenor appearance of the car. dinal passage-way through the car, to the To the roof of the car immediately above a power; the pressing weight of the steam part between, alloted for the feet of the pas- the edge of the berth or couch platform, H, multiplied into the velocity of the piston is sengers, when sitting, upon which, next the and to the edge of this berth or couch plat- its momentum. ,Electricity is a force, but as it partitions, are secured, horizontal cushiouied form, are attached horizontal wire rods which does not possess gravity, we cannot apply the frames or pisnks, D, to the ends and middle pass through wire rings on the edges of the term momentum to it. The vital form of of which are jointed by connecting bars the ornamented curtains, K, which are suspended organismswhether electrical or nervousis seat bottom cushioned frames, E, to the sur- and extend downward the required distance imponderable, and therefore cannot be cor- faces of which are secured legs, which serve to entirely protect the single berths from view rectly called momentum. In many cases, It is positively necessary to make these distiac- to support one edge of the said seat bottoms, when drawn over the wire, and thus insure when either in the position to be sat upon, as privacy to their occupants; and when the berth tions. represonted at the right hand of our engrav- or couch platform, H, is turned and elevated TYIALES was the first natural philosopher. TIlE ADVOCATE OF INDUSTRY, AND JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC, MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 25, 1858. NO. 3. ticnti~c ~nrctican+ I. Issued froiss the United States Patent Office FOIl TIlE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 14, 1858. [Reported a. czally for the Sciesstsflo American.) 4~I Circulars giving full particulars of the mode of ap- plying for patents, size of model required, and much other information useful to inventors, may be had gratis by addressing MUNN & CO., Publishers of the SoiaosTi~Io A ElIICAN, New York. WAsHING MAourreEsJohn Allen, of Galena, Md.: What I claim is so dressing with zig-zag ribs, F F the bottom of the tub and under surface of the rubbing disk, that the approximating angles, b, of the ribs, F. of the disk and tub shall form rhomboidal figures wherein the clothes are subjected to an angular squeezing and oblique rubbing action, and the ap- proximating knuckle or wedged shaped ends, a, of said angles shall, when the motion of the disk is reversed, alter the rhomboidal spaces and pummel and loosen up the clothes, so as to allow a fresh supply of cleansing water to circulate thron0h them, and thus prepare thens for a succeeding anrular squeezing and oblique rubbing action, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [An engraving and description of this invention will be published in our columns in a few weeks.) WAsutNo MAOmNEWm. T. Armstrong, of Sand- wich, Ill. I claim the combination of the rubber and the slide, F, with the stationar shaft, ci, substantially as and for the purposes set forti. B OLVING FIaEAassFordyce Beals, of New Haven, Coun,: What I claim is constructing, applylug and arranging the center pin, F, and the ra mer lever, H, substantially as described, so that the former is locked in place by the latter, when the latter is close to the barrel, and that the former is permitted to be with- drawn by bringing the latter to a position in which the ramnoer will not interfere with the cylinder. [This invention relates to that kind of revolver, the axis of whose rotating many-chambered cylinder is arranged parallel with the bore of the barrel. It con- sists in so constructing, applying and arranging the center pin on which the cylinder rotates, and the lever which operates the rammer, that the pin is secured in place by a shoulder provided for the purpose on the said lever, when the lever is brought to a position close under the barrel, and that the pin can be withdrawn to allow the cylinder to be taken out when the lever is moved down to a position not far enough from the bar- rel to let the rammer interfere with the cylinder.) LAmEs Hooo SzizvsSamuel Beberdy, of Phila- delphia, Pa. : I claim the combination of a spiral stay, B, with the fabric which constitutes a ladys skirt, when said stay is formedhywinding a flexible strip or rod made of one piece or a series of pieces spliced or united together, continuously round the skirt from the bottom to the top of the body of the same, substan- tially as and for the purposes set forth. [By thus making skirts of one stay, the clasps which are. used at the meeting ends of the ordinary circle stays are dispensed with, the cost of manufac- turing a series cf stays and applying clasps to the same greatly reduced, and the symmetrical set of a ladys dress greatly added to, by the spiral stay, because one spiral supports another throughout the skirt, and con- sequently while in the act of sitting every part of the skirt yields or winds spirally round the body in a man- ner to contract the diameters of the spirals, and elon- gate the skirt, and thus allow the wearer to sit com- fortably, and with a consciousness that her dress pre- sents a rounding or symmetrical appearance on all sides.] JOINTs roz T-ItsjxsE. U. Benedict, of Horicon, Wis. I claim the combination of the rails with the side plates, B B, by means of the slots, a a, in the plates, the recesses, b b, in the bases of the rails, the gibs, CCC, and the keys, D D D, tho whole applied and operating substantially as set forth. And I also claim forming the gib, C, applied at the juncture of the rail, with the downward rectangular projection, g, to serve as a stay between the plates, substantially as set forth. [The adjacent ends of T-rails are united by means of two upright plates which are applied one on each side of the rails, and slotted to receive portions of the rails left projecting between notches cut in the base. The notches receive portions of the plates between the slots, and the rails and plates being secured together by gibs and keys passing through the p1. tes n such a manner as to support the ends of the rails.) MANUFACTURE OF SKIRTING MATERIALErnest Bredi, of Ne York City: I claim as a new article of manufacture the looped fabric described, having loops formed in it at intervals by combining the loop-form- ing material with the web in the process of weaving, substantially as set forth. ENDLEss SECTIONAL SAWING MAcmIlEHarvey Brown, of New York City: I claim, first, The form and manner of constructing the sections of my saw, sub- stantially as set forth. Second, I claim the mode of inserting the teeth in the saw in the manner set forth. Third, I claim the guide plate, E, constructed and arranged as described, when used in connection with the saw, as set forth. SAW FILERA. H. Burdine, of Chulahoma, Miss. : I claim, first, A file, F, constructed spirally on a revolv- ing axis, u, so that a space, i, exists between the two ends of the spiral or screw thread constituting the file, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second. The combination of one or two of the above spscified files, F. with two conical rotating files, G G, in a machine of the character specified, substantially as and for the purposes set forth: [A full description of this invention appears on an- other page.) PRINTING PzissszsJ. A. Campbell, of New Orleans, La. : I claim the teeth placed on a portion of the peri- meter of the roller, M, for the purpose of pushing the card through the opening above the perpendicular - - grooves, c c, by the operatlon of these teeth on the sur- face presentsd by the front card of the pack, in combi- nation with the rollers, f f, substantially as specified. Aiso, The adjustable plates, g g, as specified for the purpose of regulating the opening through which the cards have to pass, to the thickness of the card. Also. The combination of the stationary arm, T, ball and socket, Z, rod, U, short arm, V, and the working Y, for the purpose of giving the inking cylinder a C al motion. LANTERN ATTACHMENT TO CAisJ. C. Cary, of New York City: I am aware that lanterns have been pre- viously attached to caps. Hunters use such a device in deer shooting, and shiners also attach lights to their hats. I do not claim broadly, therefore, the simple combination of a cap and lantern irrespective of the construction and adaption of the parts, as described. But I claim.the lantern, C, constructed as shown, to wit: the fountain, C, and laml~, II, connected by the tube, f, and enclosed within the case, fi, which is pro- vided with the handle or bail, and straps, i j, for the purpose of being attached to the cap, A. [This is a convenient invention for railroad conduc- tori, firemen and others; ills a lantern attached to a cap, so that it can be worn on the head, and where it will burn as well, shedding light around, as if held in the hand.) RAILROAD CAll COtIPLINOJ. W. Corey, of Craw- fordsvlhle, Ind. : I claim the arranement and combin- ation of the hinged coupling hoo0k, B e, slotted con- nected link, C d, and double inclined plane, D, sub- stantially as and for the purposes setforib. MoLDs FOR MAKING WARP DREss a GUID ~s or GLAss OR OTHER PLAsTIC ANTI-COzzOslvE MATERIALAlfred B. Corey, of Franklin, Coon.: What I claim is my im- proved mold as made with plunger cavities, e e e, of the kind described, in its bed plate, B, a bod~ or body and flange matrix, d, a removable plunger guide, C,,or its equivalent. and a plunger, D, provl(ied with a series of projections or cores, g g,the whole being combined and arranged substantially in manner and for the pur- pose as described. WARP DREssING GtnnzsA. B. Corey, of Franklin, Coun. : I claim a new or improved manufacture of warp dresser guides made of glass or its equivalent, and by molding it on smooth cores and subsequently re- ducing the plate or the bars or projections made by the cores, substantIally as described. I also claim making a warp ,dresser guide In several separate sections, A A, combined and applied in one frame, essentially as and for the purpose explained. Sxx& sc HAMMERPatrick Danvers, of New York City: I do not claim the combination of the reciprocat- ing cylinder and stationar~ piston, as that constitutes what is known as the Confise Steam Hammer, nor do I claim attaching the hammer to a piston working in a stationary cylinder, as thai constitutes Nasmyths Steam Hammer. But I claim the combination with the reciprocating cylinder or ram, I, which constitutes or has attached to it the hammer block, and the ~tationar~ piston, 5, of the piston, 4, and the external steam cylinder, 2, pro- vided with a proper system of valves, the whole oper- ating substantially as specified. [For more information regarding this invention, see another column.) SHINGLE MACHIISEAugustus Day, of Detroit, Mich.: I claim, first, The butting or squaring knife, V, oper- ated by the curved arms, T, and used in connection with the stationary knife, V, and adjusting clamps, W. Second, The combination of the riving knife, B, jointing cutters, H H, planers, M M, and Z Z, and but- ting or squaring knives, V V, the whole being ar- ranged to operate as and for the purpose set forth. [By the employment of a riving knife jointing cut- ters, planers, and a squaring knife, arranged and oper- ated in connection with retaining dogs, and other con- comlt& nt parts, the various operatious of splitting, jointing, planing and squaring are all performed by the one machine and at one operation.) MolD PLOWAdam Defenbaugh, of Walnut Run, Ohio: I am aware that underground ditchin~ plows have been used, but they have not been sufficiently under the control of the attendant to make them of much use, beside they only make a ditch parallel with the surfaae of the ground, while mine will form a ditch with a regular grade or descent. I claim so hanging the beam, D, wheels, C C, and underground plow, H, to each other as that the con- ductor of the machine may, at any time, without seeing the plow,raise and lowerit so that the ditch shall have a regular descent regardless of theundulations of the ground, underneath which it is formed, and over which the plow passes. I also claim, in combination with the underground plow, the scoring wheel, m, for forming a secondary trench in the bottom of the ditch for the purpose set forth, and the friction rollers for relieving it, as repre- sented. TELEGRAPH IecsmmATozsM. G. Farmer, of Salem, Mass., and J. M. Batchelder, of Cambridge, Mass.: We claimthe iron wire supporter or hook in combination with a screw insulator made of hard india-rubber, and attached to the book or shank, in the manner de- scribed. COMBINATION OF A GovERNoR WITH A SLIDE VALvE Richard Gornall, of Baltimore, Md. : I do not limit myself to any particular character of taper steam ports, as various forums of taper ports might be made to answer the end in view, nor do I limit the use of my invention to fiat surfaced slide valves, as it can be applied in con- nection with a cylinder valve or a valve formin, part of a circle with equal advantage. I claim, first, The combination in the osanner sub- stantially as specified, of the governor with a slide valve, which is constructed, arranged and operating as specified for the purposes set forth. Second, Giving the crank-pin, F, by which the rock shaft, D, is operated, a flaring or V-shape, in combina- tion with the oblique or bevel ends, d, of the slide valve and the enlarged slot, c, of the connecting rod, I, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [This invention provides an exceedingly simple and effective automatic cut-off dispensing with the compli- cated arrangement of lifters, cams and connections used in other cut-offs which have preceded it. It also ensures the working of the valve with a lead just the same as it would were it not arranged to act as a cut- off. We regard this as an invention which exhibits in- genuity and utility.) ROTAIIT STsns~e ENGINE-John Harthan and Ezra Harthan, of Timberibrook, England. Patented in England Jan. 26, 1818: We are aware that totatory en- gines, consisting of wheels having a number of projec- tions formed or fitted upon their peripheries and actu- ated by the impin~ment of steam or air against such pegipheral projections or chambers, have long been known in this country, and therefore we lay no claim to the principle of such arrangement, We may also observe that we do-not confine or restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to describe or refer to as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of our said invention. But we claim, first, The system or mode of obtaining motive power by causing steam or air to inpinge upon a series of chambers with curved bottoms arranged around a wheel at or near the periphery thereof, as described. Second, The general constructions and arrange- ments of machinery or apparatus for obtaining motive power, as described. MACHINE FOR CUTTING DoVETAILsT. B. King, A. King and B. King, of Cherry Valley, Ohio: We claim the parts shown in Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 8, arranged and operating as described for the purpose of cutting the mortises or gains in the drawer fronts. We also claim the instruments shown in Figs, 9 and 10, arranged and operating as specified, for the purpose of cutting the end pieces of drawers, substantially as set forth, these several devices being arranged to oper- ate conjointly in the manner and for the purpose set forth. HoRsE PowzzaG. Hely, of Rochester, Wis.: I do not claim the mere connecting the several teams, as such is not new. But I claim the combination of the sliding levers, D, and the loose coupling bar, E, with the draft chains, substantially as set forth~ GATE HneozT. Hendrick, of Clyde, N. V.: I claim the employment of an an,le plate having an oblong slot cut vertically through its horizontal angle in com- bination with a plate whic has the pintle or axial pin of the hinge on its lower edge, and a shifting projec- tion on each of its side edges, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [This simple invention provides a hinge which will cost hut little if any more than the ordinary hook and eye hinge, and yet will be capable, when used in connection with an ordinary hook and eye or other hinge, of allowing the gate to open hoth ways or in- ward and outward, and will invariably cause the gate to close automatically, or not allow it to remain sta- tiodary in any other hut a closed condition unless held so by a cord or hook.) GAs BURNERsb. B. Hicks, of New York City: I claim, in the construction of gas homers which have caps made with a crown concave internally applied to them, making the outer surfaceof time crown 01 the cap flat or nearly fiat and theorifice, d, through which the gds escapes. of circular fdrrn horizontally and with its edge curved in the path of two vertical circles as deline- ated in the sectional view of the drewing for the pur- poses set forth. [A notice of this improvement will be found in an- other column.) BUILDING WALLS UNDER WATERWin. H, Horsi- mann. of New York City: I claim, first, The sack or compartment formed by cloth or some equivalent thereof to produce slack water in a current or other movable water, and protect the current from being washed away and wasted before it is hardened as fully set forth. I also claim, in combination with a flexible inclosure the panels as above specified, and supporting the same by spiles in the manner and for the purposes set forth. I also claim the cement feeder, constructed and ar- ranged substantially as and for the purpose specified. CUTTING APPARATUS FOR HAotvEsvsmsCharles Howell, of Cleveland, Ohio : Diselaiming the construc- tion of guard fingers as patented by Cyril Wagner, June24, 1856, I claim, first, A finger formed with a frog shaped concavity on the under side of the knife having outlets on its sides in front of the fingerbar in time man- ner and for the purposes set forth. Second, A sickle or knife having a series of curved openings, 1, or their equivalents, brined on its rear, and underside when used in connection with guard fingers provided with a D-shaped rest, K, or its equiva- lent, the whole being arranged, constructed and oper- ated in relation to each other in the manner and for the purposes substantially as set forth. HEATING APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CE- MENTED SOLE fissosusJacob Jenkins, of Charlestown, Mass.: I claim an improved heating apparatus for the manufacture of cemented sole shoes, consisting of the box, A, provided with door, B, gi sfront, b, deflector, f, as described, openings, d, nfl lamp, C, or its equiva- lent for heating, arranged and operating subitantiahly as and for the purpose set forth. CHURNDaniel Johnson, of New York City: Iclaim the employment of two or more rollers when placed horizontal. and with their peripheries touching or nearly touching one another, in combination with a revolving dasher, which is arranged underneath said rollers and in the same box or chamber with the same, suistantiahly as and for the purposes set forth. [This invention consists in the employment of two or more rollers placed horizontally with their peri- pheries nearly touching one another in combination with a revolving dasher, which is arran,ed uuderueath the rollers in the same box. By this means it is thought butter can be produced very quickly, and left in a sweet and palatable state.) RAILROAD CAR COUPLINGSC. P. Kenyon, of Wilson, N. C. : I claino the combination of the grooves, i s, sup- porting ridges, C C, lateral grooves, V V, pusher, s, and block, 5, arranged and operating sub6tantially as tie- scribed. Second, I claim adjusting the coupling to suit cars with platforms of different bights by means of the slide, E, and a bolt passing through the holes, F, arranged and operating substantially as described. Dooz LOCKJacob Kinzer, of Pittsburg, Pa.: I claim the use of a plate on the inside of a lock, which, by the insertion of the key, is moved to the other side of the lock and closes the epposite key hole, substan- tially as described. I also claim the use of said plate upon which to raise or form circles or segments, wards or pins, or their equivalents, which correspond to the formation or changes of the key, thereby facilitating and cheapen- ing the manufacture of the lock, substantially as de- scribed. BUILET MACHINEJ. A. Knight, of St. Louis, Mo.: I do not claim the combination of the stationary and swinging mold bars. But I claim, first, Arranging the movable mold bars, so that in opening the molds they move not only away from the stationary mold bar, but to some extent in a direction transverse to the said stationary bars as set forth, and illustrated in Fig. 1, to produce the dragging action described, for the purpose of loosening the bul- lets from both parts of the molds. Second, Arranging the said swinging mold bars be- tween center screws, I I, applied in such manner as to provide for their adjustment longitudinally to obtain a perfect registration of the two halves of the several molds. [A notice of this improvement will be found in an other column.) * MACHI~S FOR WORKING CLAYHenry Legnay, of St. Lota~Mo.: I claim as my invention, in mills or grinding gears for grinding clay or other substances, making openings and valves substantially as described, in the spaces between the teeth in one or both gears to receive and hold the clay or substance ground, substan- tially as described. I also claim, in combination with the grinding gears the molding tube, when these parts are constructed and arranged forjoint operation, substantially as described. MACHINE FOR NOTCHING AND TRIMMING HoopsSan- ford Littlefield, of West Troy, N. V. , I do not claim notching the hoop by time cutter, D, moving its frame. But I claim the relative arrangement of the cutters, D and B moving in ways rectiliniarly and obliquely, whereby the notch is cut and trimmed in one operation, as described and set forth. CUTTING AND FINISHING THE LoCKs OF WOODEN HoopsHiram Litteijoho, of Troy, N. V. : I claim, first, the two separate knives, A B, when arranged to- gether with a susitable bed, C, substantially as de- scribod, for use, in cutting the locks of wooden hoops. I also claim the knife, D, when arranged in combina- tion with the knives, A B, or their substitute, and the bed C substantially as described, for barking the loch wimlie the hoop remains in the same place on the bed that it occupies during the cutting of the lock. I also claim the knife, B, when arranged in combina- tion with the knives, A B, or their substitute, and the bed, C, substantially as set forth for trimming the lock while the hoop is in the same place that it occupied during the cutting of the lock. COATING ELECTROTYPE MOLDSHenry Lovejoy and Robert Wheeler of Brooklyn, N. V. : We do not claim operating a bmu~h by mechanical means to coat electro- typemolds with coating materiaL But we claim, first, Suspending the brosh bar, I, by the crank, J, at one end, and attaching it to and oper- ating it by the crank of the crank shaft, B, at the other end, in the manner and for the purpose set forth. Second, The combination of the brush, H, and bed, C, with the blower 5, and wind chest,V, in the manner and for the purpose described. VALVE CoozJ. C. Macdonald, of Cincinnati, Ohio: I do not claim the guide, g, nor the valve, B, nor the screw on the stem, F, for the operating said valve, for these were secured to me by Letters Patent previously referred to. But I claim time collar, g, on the valve stem, F, the guide cap, D, spring, i, head, G, connected with the stem, F, by the handle, H, and screw cap, B, combined and arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth. [The object of this invention is to dispense with the use of packing around the stem of the valve, and still leave the cock perfectly steam and water tight. The invention is applicable to all valve cocks, but is more especially adapted to one which was patented by this inventor, Aug. 11, 1857.) BEDsTEAD FASTENINGI. M. May, of Anderson, Ind.: I do not claim irrespective of construction and the special adaption shown and described, the employment or use of pins fitting in slots for the purpose of secur- ing or connecting together the posts and rails of a bed- stead, for various forms of such device have been used for the purpose. But I chalum the combination of the plates, D B, se- cured respectively to the post, A, and rails, B C, nfl provided with the oblique slots, f f, and pins, g g, sub- stantially as aud for the purpose set forth. [This invention consists in constructing the fastening in such a way that when it is applied to a bedstead it not only connects the side rails to the posts but the end rails also, and dispenses with the use of mortises and tenons, thereby considerably diminishing the cost of construction of bedsteads, and adding to their strength and durability.) TENONING MACHINE-John McCreary, of Delaware, Ohio: Having fully described the nature of my inven lion and being aware that many kinds of machines have been invented and used by others for forming round tenons, I therefore do not claim forming such tenons. But I claim the construction and arrangement of the bit-holders, as set forth. I also claim the manner of applying the set screw, as described. HERP BREAKSH. D. McGeorge, of Morganlown, Vs. : I claim breaking and cleaning hemp, flax, & c., by a combination of vibrating blades, ~ i. and station- ary blades, e k, and clearin,, devices, f n, acting in concert with them, the whole being afranged and op- erating substantially in the manner set forth. MEAT CUTTRRM. Newman, of Oak Hill, N. V.: I claim first In combination with the cutters, the two branched rack or cornbfor holding the material against the cutter, substautmally as set forth. I also claim holding the rack or comb in its recess by the clamping of the two parts of the shell together, sub- stantially as and for the purpose described. I also claim the manner of holding and arranging the screw feeder, H, on the shaft, so that a portion of the section of the screw shall be on said shaft, as shown and represented, and for the purpose set forth. TEMPLES FOR LeosuIsR. Pilson, of Laurel, Md.: I clsim the construrtion of temples for looms, wherein is employed an adjustable extension compound connect- ing bar or rod composed of the spindle bars or sections, m 2 in 2 us n, and the splice lengths. o o o o, the detach- able independent tubular sheaths, P P q r s, Fig. 3; the sliding yielding brackets or bearings, I II, J J J, spring holders, b 8, and springs, e e e; the whole op- erated as shown, and whereby a double yielding action of the temples is brought about, and for the purposes substantially as set forth and described. HARvEsTERsIsaac Reamer and Henry Miller, of Conrads Store. Va.: I claim, first, Arranging the knife B, on springs, F, and with its cutting edge slight~ly elevated above its rear edges, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The employment of an auxiliary adiustable reel, N, in combination with the main reel, M, when the whole is constructed, arranged and operated as and for the purposes described. CLASPS FOR COTTON BALE HoopsA. C. Richard, of Newlown, Coun.: I claim the use of the three rings, A, and C C, in combination with the hoop, B, as a cheap and convenient cotton bale hoop, substantially as de- scribed. COOKING SToysmsApoilos Richmond, of Brooklyn, Conn.: I am aware that a stove was patented to J. Curtis, Jan. 27, 1841, in which the oven projects forward in a rectangular form, having the boiler holes arranged around it, hut consider my improvement as differing from sail stove, since my oven projects forward in a curved form, and since my fire chamber is also of a curved shape, while that of Curtis stove is rectangular. I do not, however, lay any claim to either the form of oven or fire chamber sbparately. or to such construe. tion as embraced in Curtis stove. But I claim extending the oven forward in a curved form and arranging around it the boiler holes as set forth in combination with the curved fire chamber, the whole being constructed and operated as described for the purposes set forth. Bsn BOTTOMF. Russell, of Olselic, N. V. : I claim the combination and arrangement of the rods, 2 and I, with the wires, 5, the bolts, 4, in the rails, 1, substan- tially as and for the purposes specified. SPRING BALANCES IN COMBINATION WITB A KNIFE George H. Smith, of Glenwood, Iowa: I do not claim the knife. Nor do I claim in the abstract, or when separately considered, a spring balance. But I claim as a new and useful article of manufac- ture, a knife having a spring balance inserted in its handle, as and for the purpose set forth. [In the handle of a butchers knife this inventor places a spring balance, so that the articles, whether meat or otherwise, can be cut and weighedq~eith little trouble, and without the incruvenience of having con- tinually to be moving to anfifroin the scales.) LAloTiiRrssStillman C. Spaulding, of Rutland, Vt.: I am aware that patents have been already granted for attaching guards to lanterns without solder, and also for constructing the corner-pieces so as to hold the glass sides without solder, and I disclaim these as any part of my invention. But I claim, first, Constructing a lantern by folding the edges of Ithe several paris over wire frames, as de- scribed, so that it can be compressed and packed in a small space on removing the glass sides, and in the way set forth, and so that solder is not needed to se- cure the pieces composing the top and bottom. Second, The use or a coiled wire in the manner men- tioned, to retain the glass sides in their place. - Thlrd, Attaching the lamp of a lantern to a hinged bottom, and connecting the latter to a spring in the top, so as to keep the lamp securely in its place, when in ordinary use, yet admit of ready access to it, as de- scribsd. CORN HussrzzsN. T. Spear, of Boston, Mass. : I claim the combination and arrangement of the toothed 5 beveled wheel, B, provided with one or more faces with the smooth conical rollers. D D, one or more, and hoards, B, when theee several parts are united together and arranged for joint operation, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth. [This invention consists in the use of a r& ating beveled face wheel armed with teeth and used in-con- nection with conical taper rollers, one or more, having journals dtted in yielding hearing9, and arranged in such relation with the wheel that the ears of corn are allowed to descend hy their own gravity down the hits or angle formed hy the contact of the wheel and rollers, and the hnsks stripped from them In an expeditious and perfect manner.] BaEEou-aoAnnsop~aAaME T. Starr, of New York City: I do not wish to be understood as limiting my- self to the special conotruction of the parts, as formal changes may he made, such as the substitution of equivalents having the same mode of operation. I claim opening and closing the rear end of the bar- rel, to insert and inclose the charge by a plate turning on an axis below, and in the plane of the rear face of the barrel, substantially as specified, when this is con- nected and combined with a wedge, or its equivalent, operated by a lever below, substantially as specified, so that in the act of drawing out the wedge to liberate the breech plate, the rear end of the barrel shall be opened to receive a charge, and by the act of lifting or forcing up the wedge the charge shall be inclosed, aud the breech-piece secured, while at the same time all the injurious effects of expansion and contraction and of fouling are avoided, as set forth~ COMBIMATiON STEAM VALvERohert Stewart, of El- mira, N. Y. : I claim the valve, e, with the heads, e, as guides or hearings, fitting in chamber, g, in combi- nation with the outer chambers, g, and steam head, B, against which valve, e, is pressed up, forming a steam joint operating as a self-adjusting valve, operating as described, and for the purposes set forth. MAMiNG PaisacsChester W. Sykes, of New York City: I claim connecting the jaws, C, of the pliers or pincers to the portions of the handles, A, above and be- low the center pin or fulcrum, B, upon which they move by pins, D D. at points diagonal with each other, and at equal distances therefrom, the lower set of the said pins, B, being inserted and allowed to tra- verse (with the opening and closing of the handles and jaws) in longitudinal slots, B, in the lower parts of the said jaws, C, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described. [The jaws of these pliers are connected to the handles by pins, arranged diagonally with each other, and at. equal distances from the center pin on which the ban- dies move; one set of connecting pins move in persia lel slots, so that the jaws are opened and closed par- allel with each other, and take a more firm grip of the object grasped by them than if they opened and closed upon a fixed center pin, as heretofore.] GsmWilhiam Tohey, of Naples, N. Y. : I claim opening and closing the gate by the use of the parallel pivoted levers, ~) D,.when arranged in the manner and for the purposes set forth. BED5TEAD~ William S. Todd, of Mechaniceville, Iowa : I claim first, Attaching the ends of the side rails B D, of the bedstead, to the foot and head posts, B B, by the butt hinges, B L , arranged in reverse positions with each other, so as to enable the said side rails and the head and foot rails to he folded togetheralmost par- allel with each other, in the manner and for the pur- pose described. Second, I also claim the combination of the right- angled brace or rod, I, groove, II, in which it traverses, and turning winged or cam shafts, II, for disengag:ng the right-angled end of the said rod from the openings in the projections on the inner sides of the side rails, substantially as described. [The head and foot posts are connected to the hori- zontal side rails by hinges, those on each side rail be- ing arranged in reverse positions to each other, to en- able the bed to be folded together to facilitate Its re- mova[from place to place. The sacking is formed of cords, which admits of this movement of the posts and rails, and when spread out, the side rails and head and foot posts are retained rigidly rectangular-by pins pro- perly applied.] PRINTING PaxasErvin B. Tripp, of New York City I do not claim producing a printed Impression from type attached to and revolving with a type cylinder. But I claim, first, The employment in connection with the type cylinder, D of a cylinder, or rotary printing press, of a fiatteneA plate or type bed, H, in which the type to produce the printed impression upon the paper are placed, which plate or type bed is re- volved with that cylinder, and is so connected with and attached to it as to have the face of the type con- tained in it move over the impression roller, I, in the arc of a circle, as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The feeding roll, L, operated by a positive motion, as specified, when combined with and elevated and depressed by the arms, M, and cams, N, in the manner and for the purpose described. Third, The feeding guide, o, operated in connection with the feeding roll, L, as and for the purpose set forth. PORTABLE Fexun FEacoa.Archibald B. and Madissc Vandemark. of Phelps, N. Y. : We claim the placing the locking batten, h, onthe same side of the rails with the end batten, g and Its combination therewith, and with the locking hatten, e, and end batten, f, and form- ing a lock, substantially as described, and for the pur- pose specified. Monie OF FILLING WATER TABits AT IIATLwAF STATIONsCharles Weed, of Milledgeville, Ill. : I claim time combination and arrangement of the yieldjpg track. B, with the compound levers C g, connecting bars, B, or their equivalents, weighted segment lever, F, ratchet pinion, h, and gear wheels as required, for giving motion to pump lever, L, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth. Sosxw CUTTEaThomas Whitaker. of Cincinnati, Ohio: I am aware that the slot, h, the adjusting pin, I, the hook, I~ and the lever, G, have been previously used in a similar connection for regulating and adjust- ing the cutters of a die head, and I therefore do not claim them as my invention. But 1 claim the combination of the shift, B, tbe sheaves, F F, the yokes, K K, and the guides, C C, with the dies, B B, when arranged substantially as de- scribed, for the purposes set forth. APPARATUS FOR RAIsnee SUNKEN YxssxnsAldridge Wiudham, of New York City: I claim the construction. arrangement and combination of the rigid and elastic Inflatable air vessels, A and B, together constituting the raiser when so united, an-I so small asto be conve- niently carried by any vessel which they can raise, es- sentiallyin the manner and for the purposes fully set forth. I also claim the portable shoe, d, so constructed of wood and iron, or other material, as to he managable under water, so as to be easily applicable to the sunken vessel, to receive the cable for raising, and protect the vessel from ahasion or jamming by the cable, essen- tially in the manner and for ties purposes fully set forth. I also claim the inflatable elastic stopper, L, so con- structed as to he easily thrust throu~h a leak or open- ,-~ ing in the vessel, and afterwards inflated with air ti-~ which stops the opening, so that the sunken vessel may be exhausted of water to assist its raising, essen- tiall in the manner and for fort~ the purposes fully set Sm- GUARD FINGERS FOR HAavsesvsIas~John W. Brokaw, (assignor to Warder, Broker & Child), of Springfield, Ohio: I do not claim, broadly, making the cap of har- vester guard fingers of wrought or malleable iron with a base of cast iron. But I claim the peculiar construction of the cap, B, as described, when made of wrought or malleable iron, and connected to the cast iron base, A, and to the finger bar, in the manner and for the purposes set forth. MODE OF LAUNOuING VEssELSGordon Conklin (ass signor to W. T. Conkling,) of Conklin~vmlle, N. Y. : I am aware that balls have been used for raising vessels on ways, and they have also been used an anti-friction devices in various ways. I do not claim, broadly, therefore, the employment or use of balls, separately considered. But I claim the runners, c, balls, a, and ways, A, combined and arranged substantIally as and for the purpose set forth. [The object of this invention is to facilitate the start- lug of a vessel on its ways, and thereby obviate the de- layand embarrassment usually attending the launch- ing of vessels, especially those of large dimensions. The invention consists in the employment or use of runners provided with bales, and used in connection with ways, whereby the desired end is attained by very simple and effective means.] PaEssUaE AND VACUUM VALvEWilliam Hardy and John Parkinson (assi~nors to themselves and Aaron Bates), of Philadelphia, Pa.: We claim the valve chamber, A, spring valve, B, and inner valve, B, wLh their respective openings and passages, when construct- ed and arranged in respect to each other, as and for the purpose set forth. CAR SEATS AND CononEsAlexander M. Holmes (assignor to himself and Albert G. Purdy), of Baton, N. Y. : I claim the combination and arrangement of the specific devices set forth, substantially as described for the purposes indicated. SEWING MAcnINEsGeorge W. Hubbard, (assignor to himself, Walter Hubbard, W. L. Bradley, and N. L. Bradley), of Meriden, (Joun.; I do not claim the opera- tion of the looper by means of the needle, as this was patented hyT. J. W. Robertson, May 22, 1855. But I claim the looper composed of the fixed plate, c, the elastic plate, fi fi, and the hook, i, applie~ to be operated by and to operate in combination with the needle, substantially as specified. [Tuis invention consists in a looper of novel con- struction, operated by the eye-pointed needle, and op- erating in combination with it, to sew what is known as the chain stitch with a single thread.] MAcssnqsnev FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING WooL.-.. John W. Kennedy and John T. Pluinmer, of Plain- field, Coun., assignors to themselves and John Batchel- derof Lisbon,Conii.: We do not claim the attachment of the front drawing rollers in a rotating tube, through which the roving passes, so as to give the twist between the back and front drawing rollers, as we are aware that such application of the rollers has been made with a different and less simple contrivance than we have employad to produce the rotary motion of the so at- tache d rollers. But we claim first, The combination of the tubes, F and G, the toothed drawing rollers, and the convolute groove, h, the whole applied and operating substantial- ly as described, to effect the draft and twist simultane- ously, or either alone. Second, Making the upper part of the frame which carries the hack drawing rollers, and the rollers, or their equivalents, which carry the roving to be drawn and twisted, adjustable vertically, substantially as and for the purpose specified. [A full description of this invention will he found on another page.] STONE-HOLDING MACIiSINESBIeazor B. Knight, (as- signor to himself and N athan Kellogg,) of Maiden, N. Y. : I claim first. A box or holder, detgchahle from its guiding or supporting frame, and provided with sets, and means as redited for holding stones or other sub- stances to be optrated upon in being rubbed or ground, and which can be adjusted to plain or beveled edges, and for angular pieces, as described. Second, I claim the angular guides or standards as arranged for keeping the box or holder in its proper position In relation to the rubbing bed. Third, I also claim the adjustable rests or supporto, A, for keeping the box or holder at any point desired, as set forth. BAKING AND BINDING APPARATUS FOR HARVESTERS Mien Sherwood (assignor to B. P. Senter, Albert Goes, and Daniel Woodworth), of Auburn, N. Y. : 1 claim the traversing the double rake made to rock in its supports, to bring its fingers Into and out of action, and automatically fastened and released, substantially in the manner described, and forthe purposes set fhrth. I also claim in combination with the fingers, .t, for throwing the gathered gavel up Into the concave, the arm, u, for carrying the binding wire up and over the. sheaf, and placing thewire inthe slot o wheel, substantially as described f the twisting. I also claim in combination with the twisting whmsel the sliding knife for cutting off the wire, substantially as described. I ales claim, in combination with the cutter bar and its stud, the cam, 10, for the purpose of causing the cutter to act, regardless of the direction in which the shaft that carries the cant turns, substantially as de- scribed. I also claim in combination with the wire carrier and guides, y y, a tWisting w ly as described, heel, made and operated sub-. I also claim forming a knot or enlargement on the end of the wire, behind where it is cut off by the cutter,. by twisting that portion of it by the means substantial- ly as described, said twist preventing the end from be- ing drawn through the slot of the twisting wheel, as set forth. PIN-STICKING MAcnoneCornelius W. Van Vilet, (assignor to the New England Pin Co), of Winsted, Coon.: I distinctly disclaim the punches or drivers as such, as they have been well-known for halt a cen- tury. I also distinctly disclaim the crimping bar as such, they having been patented in England to Miles Berry in the year 1839, and in the United States to J. J. Howe, oh Derby, in Connecticut, in the year 1141. I also distinctly disclaim the sliding separator as such, as that was patented to J. B. Teriy, assignee of Thomas W. Harvey, January II, 1854. I also distinctly disclaim the channel ways as such, they having long been known and used for arranging screws, pins, & c. I claim the combination of the series of channel ways with the sliding separator, when constructed and mads tooperate substantially as described. Secone, I claim the combination of the punches with the sliding separator, when constructed and arranged substantially as set forth. Third, I claim the combination of the crimping bars, with the punches sliding separator and channel ways, when constructed and arranged and made to produce the result, substantially as described. HARROWSSamuel White, of Penfield, Ohio, assignor to Harlow Herrick, of La Grange, Ohio: I claim the adjustable plates, C C, in combination with the revolv- ing shafts, B E B, and in connection therewith the spur wheel, K, all operating in the manner and for the purpose specified. KR-ISSUES. CARTmDGESGilbert Smith, of Buttermilk Falls, N. Y. Dated June 10, 1857: I claim making the cartridge case, or at least the cylindrical portion thereof,1 of 5sme impermeable and elastic substance, such as India rubber or gutta percha, substantially as described, so that it may be expanded laterally by the force of the explosion of the charge. and will contract itself after the explosion by its own Inherent property. SEWING MACRINEST. J. W. Robertson, of New York City Dated May 22, 1855: I claim first, So arranging and operating a looper, or its equivalent, that it shall derive its motion from the movement of the needle, as described. I also claim moving the loopsr up to and awey from the needle, substantially in the manner specified. SEWING MACnINEsJames Harrison, Jr., of New York City late of Milwaukie. Wis. Dated April 11th, 1854: I claim clamping the thread of the needle at the downward or advancing movement of the needle by the means that are operated intermittingly, substan- tially as and for the purposes set forth. I also claim combining with the clamping means, as described, a set screw or its equivalent, for~djustlng the clamping means, so that the tighteningiof the stitch may be regulated to the degree required. I also claim the combination of the drag bar, I, at- tached to the shuttle, and containing the eye. j, through which the thread passes therefrom, the opening, K. for throwing the said bar into position to prevent the de- livery oh the thread from the shuttle, and the adjustable liberating piece, V, for preventing the delivery of the thread fiotn the shuttle, and allowing the desired quantity to be given ouk I also claim the constructing the shuttle in two parts, viz., the shell and cap, of which the latter Is inserted into and withdrawn from the former, as described. DESIGNS. CAST litoN BzDsTae.nPhilip Tabb, of New York City. NURSERT BOTTLE--Francis Kern, of Sandwich, Mass. NomMore then ONE-THIRD of the whole number of patents issued last week were secured through the Scientific American Patent Agency. The offices of Messrs. Muno & Co. are situated at 115 Fulton street, New York, and corner of F and Seventh streets, oppo- site thee Patent Office, Washington, B. C., where they will be happy to consult with inventors at all times. No charge for consultation. The principal office is lo- cated in New York, where all communications should be sent. This IlIad Stone. Misses King, residing in this city, have in their possession one of these remarka- ble stones, one of which has effected a multi- tude of cures of hydrophobia. This mad stone resembles in form the kernel of an almond, is seven-eighths of an inch long, and a quarter of an inch thick; one of the principal sides is convex, and the other flat. Its color ap- proaches jet black, with the appearance of a slight greenish tinge. In hardness, texture and luster it resembles cannel coal, It was brought about fifty years ago by the uncle of the estimable ladies in whose possession it now is, from Hindostan, a country where jugglers not unfrequently perform the feat of suffering themselves to be bitten by venomous reptiles, and immediately thereafter extract the virus by some infallible antidote in their possession.Ricknsond Inquirer. We are surprised that a journal of the re- spectable standing of the one from which we clip the above, should give credence to the old and long since exploded superstition in relation to the mad stone. All the eastern countries are infested by a vagabmimnd set of adventurers, who claim immunity from labor through the possession of some alleged charm or special supernatur4 visitation, and in con- sequence exact bheek from their credulous be- li9vers. The theory aboilt this wonderful mad stone no doubt had its origin from tome such source, and like the traditional superstition of there be1n~ luck in an old horseshoe, it is fervently believed in by numerous people, although at variance with common sense. There is nothing in the com- position of this wonderful ~ndian stone men- tioned of either a medicinal or curative char- acter, and it will, therefore, no more effect a cure of hydrophobia than the twin hypothesis of tying an eel skin around ~he wrist will pre- vent the yellow jaundice. 19j~ 1 fect contrivance and is entirely different from the gin filer patented a few weeks ago by this inventor, A. H. Burdine, of Chulahoma, Miss. STEAM HAMMERP. Danver, of New York, has patented a new steam hammer, the im- provement of which consists in the employ- ment in combination with that kind of steam hammer whose hammer block or rain forms part of a cylinder, working on a stationary piston, of an external stationary cylinder with a proper arrangement of valves on the top. By this means the steam does notmerely serve to elevate the movable cylinder with the ram attached, but its force is also exerted on the top to bring down the rain upon the substance to be hammered, with greater power than its own gravity alone would give. This is effect- ed by admitting the steam between the sta- tionary cylinder and the movable one, the lat- ter acting as a piston to the former. GAS BURNERThe daily increase in, and extension of uss as an illuminating mateiial, renders it highly desirable that every possihie means should he taken to economize the light which it is capable of giving, or, in other words, we should ever try to obtain the great- est amount of light from the smallest amount of gas. As a v~ry importammi step in this di- rection, Lucien E. Hicks. of New York, has invented a new gas burner, the remarkable simplicity ~f which, contrasted with its ex- traordinary results, somewhat astoimishes us. It is the common fish-tail burner, which, as every one knows, gives an excel- lent light, with a metal cap placed over it. The cap has a round hole in its top, a little larger theum the two holes of the ordinary fish- tail and by lighting this, no rly one third more light is obtained than would be, were the cap removed and the fish-tail itself lighted. Patents have also been secured in foreign countries. MACHINE FOR CASTING BULLETS.ThiS im- proved machine is composed of one or more stationary and one or more swinging mold bars, arranged in pairs and containing the halves of a number of molds combined with a pouring sliding trough or plate, which con- stitues at the same time a series of cutters and with proper mechanism for operating the swinging bar or bars and pouring plate or trough. The invention consists in a certain arrangement of the centers of motion of the swinging mold bars, whereby as they swing away from the stationary mold bars to open the molds, the bullets are caused to be de- tached from the stationary and movable halves of their respective molds. It also consists in the arrangement of the swinging mold bars to swing between center screws so applied as to provide for their adjustment longitudinal- ly in relation to their corresponding bars. J. A. knight, of St. Louis, Mo., is the in- ventor. MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WooL.J. W. Kennedy and John T. Plummer, of Plainfield, Coun., have invenled some improvements in machines of this class, which consist firstly, in a novel combination of tubes and drawing rollers, and means of operating the rollers, by which the process of drawing and twisting can be performed simultaneously, or either of said processes separately, and by which, when the two processes are combined, great con- venience is afforded for varying the relative degrees of draft and twist to suit various lengths and qualities of fiber. It also con- sists in making the whole of that part of a drawing and twisting or spinning frame, which carries the back drawing rollers and the rollers or their equivalents, on which the roving to be drawn and twisted or spun, is contained, adjustable vertically, to enable the distance between the back and front drawing rollers on both sides of a double frame to be regulated according to the length of staple, and yet preserve the proper relation between the back drawing rollers and the roller which contains the roving. The inventors have taken out a patent in Engiand, and assigned part of the invention to John Batchelder. of Recent Patented_Isnprovenients. The following inventions have been patent- ed this, week, as will be found by referring to our List of Claims ; FILING OLD COTTON GIN SAws.This in- vention consists in a file which forms one thread of a screw, and so constructed that it files the saw, and at the completion of each revolution of its own axis, feeds the saw round the bal- ance of one tooth; thus all necessity for a feed motion is entirely dispensed with. The file thus constructed is used in connection with two conical files, so that while the depth of the teeth is being cut, the sides of the same are being reducbd to the proper shape. This is certainly a very ingenious, simple and per- Lisbon, Conn. ) c~tjCflt~fit ~mCflC~U1+ ~etn ~jnbenti~n~+ Cure for Bronchitis. One of our cleverest and most reliable friends, says the Holly Springs Herald, in- forms us that common mullen leaves, smoked in a new pipeone in which tobacco had never been usedis a sure and certain cure for bronchitis. The remedy is simple and in- nocent, and within the reach of all. Recollect that this is not the remedy of a retired physi- cian whose sands of life have nearly run out, but is given to us by one whb has tried it himself and seen it tried with others, and has never known it to fail in effecting a perma- nent cure. The remedy is simple, and we can certainly discover no harm likely to arise from a trial. A New Material for Molds. M. Buhring has recently obtained a patent in England for manufacturing carbon, and it is proposed to introduce an important im- provement in the casting of metals by substi- tuting compressed carbon manufactured by his process for the sand or clay usually cm- ployed, Corbon thus formed is comparatively pure, and can be molded into any shape and form required, and the advantage derived from its use is, that the same material may be used over and over again without injuring the smooth surface of the cast material. The same material has been successfully applied to the manufacture of crucibles are by many considered superior to any others. Another purpose to which the compressed carbon is applicable is the manufacture of battery plates, and it is anticipated that electric tele- graph companies would effect a vast saving in the cost of their batteries by employing carbon in connection with iron instead of zinc and copper plates now used. Fireproof Garments. Some experiments have taken place at Paris to test a contrivance for protecting fire- men from the action of the flames, and en- abling them to resist a stroig degree of heat. It consists of gloves made of amianthusa kind of filamentous minerala helmet of the same material, fitting into another of wire gauze, and a shield of suitable dimensions, besides other garments of the same kind of materials. Three firemen, having put on the gloves, were enabled to carry iron bars, at a white heat for three minutes, with out being obliged to let go their hold. Straw was af- terwards set fire to in a large cast iron caul- dron, and continually kept up, while a fire- man wearing the double helmet, stood above the flames, which he warded off with the shield, although they were at times above his head, he was enabled to keep his post for a minute and a half, at the end of which time his pulse, which was 72 before the experi- ments, had risen to 152. Another fireman followed who, having covered his forehead with a piece of amianthus, was enabled to re- sist the flames for three minutes and forty seconds. Improved Seed Planter. The seed planter has become in this country as peculiar an institution and as distinctive a characteristic of our agricultural nationality as any one of our personal characteristics and so strongly is this felt among our invent- ors that they are always, with right good will, endeavoring to improve and extend the ap- plication )f the machine. Our illustration is a perspective view of a recent valuable improvement in this class of agricultural machines, invented by William Morehouse, of Davenport, Iowa, and patented by him June 22, 1858. A is the frame, mounted on two wheels, B, on the axle, C, on which are cams, E, that can move freely around it. These cams are secured to a ratchet toothed cam, D, and a corresponding ratchet catch, D, is secured to a, so that when the machine moves forward, the teeth of the catches will fasten into each other, and the cams, B, will be rotated, but when the machine is backed or turns at the tached by a link, H, the coverers, I, that are link attached to the axle of the distributing end of rows, the cam, B, will not be moved, raised or lowered by the motion of G, thus roller, b,seen better in Fig. 2, which is a F is a friction roller that moves over the covering the seed in parallel hills; the other section of the planting device. L is the seed cams, B, and being rigidly attached to the end of G is conrected to a bar, J, that runs box, with its cover, M, planting share, N, and bar, G, elevates or depresses it at regular in- parallel with the front of the machine, at rotary colter, 0. tervals, determined by the shape and arrange- each end of which it is supported in small The operation is as follows :As the ma - ment of the cams, B. To one end of G is at- standards, that serve as journals. K is a chine is drawn along, the motion of the bar MOREHOUSFS SEED~PLANTER. G, gives, by a series of link-work, an oscillating motion to the distributing roller, 6, 50 that the seed cavity is alternately above the brush, a, that is secured to the block, d, and prevents the roller discharging too much seed into the planting share, N, and then is carried below it, to discharge the seed contained in the cavity. As it may be sometimes desirable that the driver should skip a certain distance, and as the regularity of the motion of wheels cannot always be depended upon, the inventor has added the foot lever, a, with two bars at- tached to its axle, so that the driver can, by the motion of his foot, either stop the opera- No wheels whose sails are arranged verti- cally will operate without they have some ar- rangement by which they can be made to present a full face to the wind on the one side, and their edge to the wind on the other, so that the full force of the wind may be exerted in the one direction to rotate them, and the sail may offer very little resistance on the other. Such an arrangement has been in- dependent of the wheels, thus making the vented by J. C. Fagan, of Victoria, Texas, and he has applied for a patent. Our illustration is a perspective view of this wind wheel,. and fully shows the inven- tion, which is as simple as it is perfect, thsroughly obtaining the end desired. A A is a framing, between the top and bot- tom pieces of which, a standard, B, is erected, capable of turning in the frame, from the hot- planter automatic or not, as may be required. It is very simple and compact, and any further information can be obtained by ad- dressing the inventor as above. CEMENT ron BROKEN CHINA.Take a very thick solution of gum arabic dissolved in water, and stir into it plaster of Paris until the mixture becomes a viscous paste. Apply it ~rith a brush to the fractured edges, and stick them together. In three days the article cannot be broken in the same place. The whiteness of the cement renders it doubly valuable. tom of this project four arms, C, at right angles to each other, and from the top corre- sponding arms, F, also project. These arms form a kind of framing between which the shafts, E, are placed in a vertical direction having the sails, D, attached to them, and se- cured by set screws, as seen in the engraving. On the top of each shaft, E, is a bevel wheel, G H, gearing into another, on the shaft of wh~ich is another bevel wheel, I, gearing into a statiounry bevel wheel, K, con- nected with the frame, and into the center of which the axle, B, is stepped. From this description of the parts it will be seen that the rotation of the sails, D, on their shafts, B, is governed arbitrarily by the gear- ing, G H I K. The several wheels compris- ing this gearing are made of such size rela- tively with each other, that the wings or sails will make just half a revolution on their shafts to one revolution of the wheel, and each pair of sails is so placed that while on one side the full face of the sail is presented to the wind, on the other the side of the sail only meets the breeze, and offers little resistance to the wind as it passes through and against it. In this wind wheel the usual slamming and jar occasioned by the rudder adjustment of the sails by the wind is avoided, and as the direction of the force changes, the sails can be brought into a proper relative position by moving the wheel by means of a lever. It is therefore in every way perfectly auto- matic and regular in its action, and any further information can be obtained hy ad- dressing as above. 9 C) 20 ) 7\ 777\\ ~k\, N ~ tion of the links, K, or give them motion, in- PAGANS WIND WHEEL. A1 ~cicntifit ~n~trican + ~citidi~c ~merwan+ NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 25, 1858. What Next ?Flyiisg. After the successful laying of the Atlantic Cable, some are beginning to inquire Well, what new and wonderful invention shall we have next ? There are others again, who appear to have come to the conclusion that we have arrived at about the end of new in- ventions. They express themselves somewhat as follows : We have steamships bridging the seas, locomotives meeting the wants of rapid travel on land, and telegraphs complet- ing all that has been lacking for communi- catin, between distant places; therefore we do not see what more can really be done. These fogy individuals seem to conclude that we have reached a millennium of perfec- tion in invention. The truth is, however, that past inventions but pave the way for new discoverieseach new invention is but the ignition of another torch to illuminethe path of progress. It is, no doubt, difficult to point out the field which presents the most inviting prospect for future investigation, but we have received a letter from a correspond- en t who asserts that the next thing which must be accomplished is ging. Since the whales and porpoises have been astonished with the Ocean Cable, he declares, we are now bonnd to astound the gulls and eagles. We certainly wish him success, and hope he will be enabled to accomplish his elevated ob- ject; but the history of the past does not promise much for the future success of human flying, even with the aid of wings, balloons, and all the helps of modern science. Our correspondent proposes to build a large conical balloon, and propel it with wings, using steam power for this pnrpose. With such an aerial apparatus he intends to navi- gate the blue ethereal above, as safely as the frigate Niagara plows throngh the blue fluid below. The aerial ship devised by our cor- respondent, however, happens not to be new; a similar one was illustrated in our first vol- ume. To others, as well as to himself, who may be indulging in such lofty visions, we must tell them that safe, practical and econ- omical aerial navigation never can be render- ed successful by any application of known powers. This subject has engaged the atten- tion of inventors for hundreds of years, and although many successful balloon experiments have been made, yet ballooning is not .flgtng. The art of flying consists in moving with per- fect freedom and command in the atmosphere. Will human beings ever be able to do this ? Some enthusiastic inventorsas many letters received by us testifybelieve it .will yet be accomplished. If some new power a hundred times more compact than the steam engine were discovered, it might be so applied as to render flying probable. The reason why birds fly is not because of their feathers, as some suppose, as each feather is heavier than an equal bulk of air, but because birds have a very concentrated power in their muscles, by which they are enabled to sustain them- selves in the atmosphere, by opposing a counter force to that of gravity. It would indeed be a most pleasant con- sideration, were we able to snap our fingers at railroad conductors and steamboat captains in going upon a distant journey, just by taking wings, mounting and soaring away in a bee line for the place of our destination; but until some new and grand discovery is made of the character alluded to, it is vain to speculate. When it is taken into consideration that it re- quires about 2,240 cubic feet of gas used for a balloon to raise and sustain a man weighing 140 pounds, it is easy to conceive that with known means (steam power or any other), mankind are yet far below the possibility of flying, hut unless men try they never will fly. Our Cotton Crop. Cotton is the most important natural pro- duct in the world having a bearing on manu- facturing operations, and the magnitude and influence of an American cotton crop com- mands the attention of all civilized nations; a deficient or abundant crop causing a rise or fall in its price, and affects the interests of millions of capitalists and artizans in every quarter of the globe. To our cotton fields they look with anxious attention, as upon their prosperity they are dependent for busi- ness, and the means of subsistence. From a table just prepared with great care at the office of the Shipping and 6ommercial List, this city, we learn that our total cotton crop for the year ending last month (August) amounts to 3,247,000 bales, an increase over that of the previous year by more than 100,000 bales; but it does not come up to the crop of 1856. During the past year prices have been very fluctuating, owing to financial difficulties and the embarrassments of manufacturers ; but the wheels of manu- facturing industry are moving rapidly again, and a very good business is doing at fair prices. Cotton is our great national staple for export, and upon it foreign manufacturers are absolutely dependent. Of the total crop of last year, 2,590,455 bales were exported, Great Britain taking no less than 1,809,966 bales. The rise and progress of American cotton as an article of culture, merchandize, and manufacture, is marvelous. Only a few hundred bales were raised for home domestic manufactures when the United States became an independent nation; now American cot- ton is King, and rules in the marts and cabinets of nations. The Architecture of our Cities. It amounts nearly to a crime in the estima- tion of a true artist, when a bogus architect or masonic workman cuts one of the beauteous stones which are everywhere to be found, in inelegant or ungraceful formsthe marbles with their clear positive colors, and veins of other mineral variegating their surface in such bold and independent linesthe porphyries, polished, classic and enduringthe granites, speckled with their red or black feldspar, white quartz, and shining micaand yetthere are so few artists among us, or we are so eminently practical that one can enter few American cities without having his notions of beauty, harmony and poetry offended by the shanty arrangement which everywhere meets his view. In Europe, the architect is a man of genius, an artist, one who studies the forms of the antique, and tries to reproduce them in the beautifully useful, such as a railroad station, as the Great Western, in London, where iron and stone have been blended with harmonious result, or others where brick and stone have attained a like end. But unfor- tunately for these fine structures, they have so little room and they are so crowded up, that it is impossible to see them. The grand- eur of a city should consist in the regularity of its design, giving it a solid and business- like appearance. This is totally disregarded by our builders, for walking down a street in New York, we observe first a really handsome cast-iron building full of grace and elegance and painted a light reddish-brown, the style is warm and pleasant and could he made an ornament to the city but for one single fact. The adjoining buildings erected nearly at the same time are, alt bough individually noble, collectively a mess, for one is cold and classic marble, without decoration, and the other a glaring red sandstone with heavy lintels, coy- nices, curbs and parapets, and so these three handsome buildings are made to spoil a street because there is a want of uniformity in their architectural proportions. It is little matter what be the material of which the stores or houses are built, or what be the style of ar- chitecture, so long as the material and style are consistently carried out, and if they are, the result must always be harmony and beauty. In our own Broadway we have more elegant buildings than in any other one street in the world, but as they are mixed up like tickets in a ballot box, Grecian, Doric, Norman, Sax- on, Italian and Shanty, marble, granite, sand- stone, limestone, iron and clapboards, no ef- fect is produced, and all the beauty is lost, through the incongruity of their arrangement. Would it not be as well for the authorities of our cities to have not only plans of our streets which are to be followed, but also sug- gestions to land owners for a prevailing mate- rial and architecture; such a measure could not be otherwise than beneficial and every one who had the interests of his city at heart, could not fail to coincide in such a design which would promote its beauty and attract- iveness to the stranger. The Novskoi Perspective in St. Petersburg, is perhaps the most elegant street in the world, from the simple fact that it is wide, and the lines of the buildings fall in with the vision, making it, as its name implies, a per- fect lesson in perspective to the humblest droschlcg driver who drives along its pavement We would have streets like this in America, for a handsome street is a great civilizer and humanizer, and realizes Keats sentiment that A thing of beauty is a joy for ever Origin of the Altantic Teiegrapls. We have received from Professor Jackman, of the Norwich University of Vermont, a copy of the Vermont Chronicle, containing a com- munication of his, originally published in the Vermont Mercury, in August 1846, in which a Transatlantic Telegraph between England and America is recommended. The plan, as de- tailed in this communication, although more definite than others claimed to have been sug- gested anterior to this date, is yet impracti- cable in character, and does not in any man- ner take from Gen. Hubbell the credit of first pointing out the existence of the plateau or table land between Newfoundland and Ire- land, in connection with the cable now laid upon it, and in fact suggesting the only mode, means and location, as we asserted, of carry- ing the cable across the Atlantic Ocean. Be- fore Penning our article, we were aware of the fact that many persons had made state- ments on this subject as early as 1843, but as they were of an indefinite character, and simply conveyed a belief that a telegraph would in time unite the shores of ~urope and America, we did not think it worth while to mention their authors, any more than we would if aerial navigation were consumma- ted, mention the name of the thousand and one persons who are daily making predic- tions of its ultimate success. The plan of Professor Jackman, was in sub- stance to cover the wires with india rubber and encase them in lead tubes, as had been previously done across the East River, and pay them out from two vessels starting from a suitable point mid-ocean between Liverpool and Boston. The only practical, and original feature about this plan is, that of commen- cing to pay out the cable at a point mid-ocean between the places where the termini were to be landed. For this Professor Jackman is de- serving all due praise, as we think that this system of laying a long submarine cable is preferable to the one adopted by the Atlantic Cable Superintendents, upon their first unsuc- cessfultrial in 1857. Our theory however is, that without covering the wire with gutta per- cha as suggested by Mr. W. Reynolds, of this city, and laying it on the plateau or table land as originally pointed out by Gen. Hubbell, of Philadelphia, a transatlantic telegraph cable could never have been successfully laid and insulated, and made to answer the purpose of its design. Scientific Lectures. The winter evening lacture before our lyceums and literary associations has within the last few years, in all our larger towns and cities, become an established institution, and no more pleasant or profitable plan for diver- sifying the pursuits and occupations of our long indoor season could be well devised. To one feature of our present lecture system we have a serious objection. They are too excin sively literary, and have too much for their object amusement and entertainment rather than instruction. Science, especially, fails to receive that attention which its importance and relations to every-day life demands. The reason for this in part is doubtless that there are but comparatively few good scientific lec- turers in the field, and these are not always readily engaged. No town is, however, absolutely destitute of resources of this sort, inasmuch as every workshop and mann- fory is capable of furnishing intelligent me- chanics, thorough masters of their profession, who with a little encouragement, could pro- fitably discourse for an hour to any audience, however select, and wherever assembled. In default of these, we would recommend the following gentlemen, all of whom are capable of handling a scientific subject ably and Popu- larly, and of affording their hearers abundant materials for thought and reflectionProfes- sor N. B. Rogers, Boston; Dr. J. V. C. Smith, do.; Professor B. Silliman, Jr., New Haven; David A. Wells, Troy, N. Y.; E. L. Youmans, Saratoga, and P. Boilean Jones, Brooklyn, N. Y. No course of lectures ought to be made up without devoting at least three evenings to the discussion of scientific sub- jects by some of the above-named gentlemen. All of them may not possibly be open to en- gagements. Some of them we know are. Mr. Youmans is~ always in the field. Dr. Jones will lecture in the vicinity of New York. Mr. Wells has heretofore declined in- vitations, but we believe can be secured for the coming winter, and no one is better capa- ble of rendering a matter of science both in- telligible and interesting. But a lecture from any of the above-named gentleman will be worth a dozen of mere literary disquisitions, or a resumE! of historical subjects, with which all are more or less familiar. The Atlantic Cable and the Evening Post. In the last number of the ScIENTIrIc AMERICAN we criticized, in respectful lan- guage, some observations made in the Post upon the Atlantic Cable. It has suited the convenience of the editor to indulge in an unmannerly reflection upon us because we had the temerity to call in question a mere hy- pothesis set up in his journal as the probable difficulty in operating the cable. This hypoth- esis we regarded as no useful information, and treated it as such, without intending to ruffle the temper of the editor; and we are confident that any electrician of repute will endorse our position. The editor of the Post charges that we have flippantly spoken of articles. Now we beg to assure him that we have done no such thing; we simply spoke of a single article from which our extract was taken, as the basis of our remarks; and we further beg to assure him that the article he speaks of as likely to benefit us, is, in our humble judg- ment, of no practical value; and we have no idea of casting asi4e an acquaintance of fifteen years with this subject to enter into a school of visions and theories. Death of George Combe. The English journals announce the death of Mr. George Combo, the celebrated cham- pion of philosophical phrenology. He was born in Edinburgh in 1788, and was educated for the profession of the law. At an early period the opinions of Gall and Spurzheim at- tracted his notice, and he studied them with great industry. In 1819 he published his essays on phrenology, and in 1828 he pub- lished his work entitled The Constitution of Man considered in relation to External Objects, which led to a fierce controversy, Mr. Combos views being obnoxious to the orthodox party. In 1838 he visited the United States, where he remained lecturing and pre- paring his journal until 1840. His works had an extensive circulation in the United States, as well as in the British islands, and translations of them have been made into French, German and Swedish. The later years of his life have been marked by very infirm health. ~XLJ 21 ( dcntifh~ ~iitvican+ flow Steel Files are Made. These useful tools are essential to the oper- ations of almost every branch of mechanism. They are necessary agents in the fabrication of the most delicate watchwork, zAathemati- cal instruments, steam engines, printing presses, houses, and ships. As a consequence vast quantities of them are required in every department of industry, and to supply the de- ruand they are manufactured extensively in various parts of our country, and a very large number are annually imported. Files are made of the best English cast steel. The rods for the blanks are obtained of such sizes as are suited to the character of the files to be furnished. The first operation is that of forging the blanks from the rods. This is done by blacksmiths who must be very skillful, quick, and exact workmen, as the metal must not be hcated above blood-red temperature. All the blanks for each size of file must be exact in length and swedged to the proper shape, after which the tangs are forged. The next operation is that of anneal- ing them, to render them soft and ductile. This is done by putting them into an anneal- ing oven, or placing them in a box protected from the air by being buried in saud, then heating them to a red heat, and cooling slow ly. After tiis they are ground to a smooth face, and are ready for cutting. The burring or cutting of the fine grooves on the face of files is the most tedious operation connected with their manufacture. This is performed by workmen who require long practice and great skill of hand and eye to render them experts. They sit at work astride of wooden horses, with their feet in leather stirrups (endless straps), the top of each passing over a file, and holding it firmly down on the an vil. The blank is held upon a sole of pewter resting on an iron blo2k, and each operator Outs the burs with a short broad chisel held in the left hand, and a heavy hammer in his right. This hammer is something of a curi- osity; it resembles a crooked necked squash, with a cross slice cut off each end, but for all this it is a scientific rapper, notwithstanding its uncouth appearance. Being very heavy to be swung for long periods of time with one hand, were it not crooked downwards the strain of the blows would principally come upon the wrist, whereas it is distributed more equally over the whole arm of the operator, who commences to cut at the point of the blank, and with great dexterity shifts the chisel at every blow, and raps away until he has cut a whole series of angular grooves nearly up to the tang. When one series of grooves are cut, the operative slacks his stirrups, and re- leases the file. The edge and crossbars of files are cut in the same manner, and the face of the metal is lubricated before each row is commencea. The ridge thrown up by each cut determines the position of the next, and the operator quickly determines the spot to strike by the touch of his finger, which holds the chisel, and is trailed along the surface of the file. The largest sizes of files are cut by men, the smallest by women and girls. The angular grooves of double cut files have their faces in the form of numerous rows of fine hard angular teeth. It frequently happens that the face of blank files are not uniform in their texture as regards hardness. On this account some of the grooves require an addi- tional rap to form the burr. This is a peculi- arity which has been very difficult to over- come by any of the machines which have been employed to make these simple tools. After the files are cut, they are ready for tempering, and are prepared for this process by a thin coating of a composition of salt brine, flour, and charcoal dust, and sometimes pounded cows hoof. This is to protect the teeth from being burned, and from oxydizing when heated. The files are heated in a bath of molten lead, which is always of a uniform temperature. The temperer takes each pre- pared file singly, dips it into the molten lead, holds it for a few seconds until it is of a red heat, then lifts it out, gives it a rap with a lead hammer on a pewter anvil to knock off the burned scale, and straighten it, if curved, then plunges it into a bath of cold salt brine, and it is tempered. This process must be performed with great tact to avoid the curv- ing of the files by the heat, and consequent cracking when suddenly cooled. After this, the tangs are softened by dipping them in the molten lead and allowing them to cool slowly, in order to remove their brittleness. The files are next scoured with fine sand and water by brushes, then put into lime water, and afterwards thoroughly washed. They are next dried, rubbed over with some oil and turpentine, and are considered finished. Before being packed for market, each file is thoroughly tested by the foreman as to its quality of temper and the burr on its face. Although all the processes of the file manu- facture are hut repetitions of the same opera- tions which are performed every day by the operatives, yet these require long practice and tact to execute accurately. It has been sug- gested that instead of one, a number of files might be taken up at once by the temperer and submitted to the hardening process in order to facilitate the operations. It has also been suggested that chisels having a number, instead of one edge, might be used by the cutters, and several burrs cut with one blow of the hammer instead of a single one as is now the case. Such suggestions have already been acted upon experimentally without any practical benefit. Various machines for cutting files have been constructed and put into operation. It is now more than twenty years since machine-cut files were brought to our notice, and at the present moment there are several machines in some of our file factories; the work w~hich they have executed looks well, the burrs being beautifully regular, yet such files are not equal in quality to those made by hand labor, hence the latter have the preference and bring the best prices. The hand-made files have a sharpness of burr which machines have generally failed to imitate, and yet to us this appears inexplicable, as it seems rea- sonable that machinery might he constructed to cut files as well, in every respect, as can be done by hand. Quite an extensive business is carried on in the re-cutting of worn out files, and in the vicinity of New York there are great num- bers of small shops, where such operations are carried on. The old files are first softened by taking out their temper, then they are ground to a smooth face, re-cut, tempered, and finished. File-cutting was introduced into our coun- try from England, and is now mostly conduct- ed by manufacturers and mechanics who are natives of that country. They have brought to our shores all the skill and industry for which they are so justly distinguished, and they produce files equal in every respect those made in Europe, and yet England still sup- plies us with the vast majority of our files. Our steel comes from England, while the Sheffield filemakers now manufacture their own steel, and are thus enabled to meet rivals in every market in the world. Until we make our own steel (and we do not see why we should not do it), our toolmakers must labor at a great disadvantage in competing with those tools which come from abroad. A blunt or worn file may be partially sharpened to do a considerable amount of work by steeping it for a short period of time in a warm solution of sulphuric acid and water, then washing it well in hot water. One quart of sulphuric acid to six of water are mixed together to form the solution. Sulphuric acid should never be poured into hot water, as it is liable to produce an explo- sion similar to red-hot iron coming in contact with water. The acid should be mixed first with two parts of cold water then boiling hot water put in to make it up to the degree of dilution necessary. The acid bites away a portion of the steel from the sides of the grooves or burrs, thus leaving their edges much sharper. Some use a little soda in the hot water employed for washing these acid- cut files; it neutralizes any free acid that may be left adhering to them. The Atlantie Telegraph Cable.John Bull in a fit of Mulligrubs. According to the London Times, sober, quiet, beer and beef-fed John Bull does not intend to get up a jollification in view of the successful laying of the cable in fact, he in- tends to be very cool indeed, and will exhibit a degree of stoicism in proportion to the en- thusiasm of the Americans. The observations of the Times will be found very pungent and amusing. The Agamemnoa is represented as returning to Portsmouth, when its officers and crew were paid off without any one testi- fying interest in their proceedings. No one gave it a second thought, or cared whether they go or stay, or even who they were. Such indifference is, indeed, sublime; but how stands the case with the Americans, as the English always call us? The Times thus sums up our exhibition The news was received with all that en- thusiasm of large posters, speeches, and bunkum addresses; no town or community too small to present its address of congratula- tion. New York, and every other city to the farthest West, went off into ecstasies. It was a dozen anniversaries of Independence rolled into one. There were as many salutes as at Cherbourg; three hundred and thirty-three guns from the batteries; a hundred guns here, a hundred there; a hundred monster rock blasts in the Central Park, nnd some heavy salutes from the top of the Astor Hotel. All the church bells were rung. Every house was illuminated in that extempore fashion which tells better than our own brilliant uni- formity. All the world was out in the streets. There were the banners of every nation and of no nation, and transparencies with senti- ments, verses, puns, allegories and devices, in which, if England had not quite its due meed of honor, it was not, at least, forgotten. The Agamemnoa was the greatest of kings; Cyrus, the new, made a grander union than that of Media and Persia; the cable had opened a new Field of usefulness; the Niagara and the Hudson had beaten the Atlantic, and the union of the two worldsit reads almost like a profanenesswas actually ranked with the Declaration of American Independence. The cable itself is declared to be the wedding ring of the two cousinsthe strongest bond of amitythe deed of eternal partnership. But it is in vain to think of beating our neighbors now hardly transatlanticat this sort of description. They have a special gift at heading. Every heading in the New York Herald tells like a sixty-eight pounder; but we have not space for the whole battery only for a shot or two : The Metropolis all in a Blaze Union of the Whole World Quarter of a Million of People in the Streets Scenes, Sights, and Sensations Mes- sage of Mayor Tiemaun to the Lord Mayor of London More Salutes to-day Was ever anything like this display ? Inter- national Official Courtesies Tremendous Sensation Some of our people going off Half Cocked But the Telegraph a sure thing Everybody crazy with joy Now is the time for a Universal Jubilee Ex- celsior, & c. To wind up the day there were volcanoes of fireworks, chiefly, as it appears to us, from the tops of the large buildings, concluding with the conflagration and de- struction of the City Hall, from the roof of which the principal volcano had been dis- charged. All this time we did not ring a bell, or let off a squib, or light a kitchen dip, or even walk out into the streets, or do anything whatever in honor of the event. In all Eng- land we believe that not one man congratu- lated his neighbor about it. We were all pleased in our own quiet fashion, and some- what surprised at so complete a succeascom- ing so quickly on the heels of repeated fail- ures. One might reasonably suppose that after the indulgence of this bit of fun at the ex- pense of the Americans they would be let off; but not so. The Times returns in a most trenchant manner, and coolly appropri- ates all the credit of the enterprise to British skill and capital. Hear this great organ Under such circumstances it may be well to state at once that the idea of the submarine telegraph between England and America was started here and worked out here, fnrmed into a practical plan, and into a company. By this company the money was raised almost entirely in England; in fact, all the shares held in America from first to last are scarce- ly more than half the number taken up in Liverpool in one week alone. The cable has been made in Englaiad, English engineers de- vised and constructed the paying-out ma- chines at the works of Eaton & Amos, Eng- lish electricians planned and ascertained by practical experience the best means of work- ing through the wire. All the ships of the expedition, except the Niagara and Susque- henna last year, and the Niagara this year, were provided by the English government, and both on board the Agarnemnoss and Niag- English electricians and English en- gineers were alone employed to submerge the cablein fact, to accomplish the undertaking. Yet it is actually upon such facts as these that the States go into ecstacies, and get up demonstrations upon their own courage, per- severance, and enterprise in the accomplish- ment of this scheme, upon their firm belief in its ultimate success, and upon the wealth (some 80,000 or 90,000) they had em- barked in it. A banquet is to be given at New York to the captain and officers of the Niagara, to commemorate the successful laying of the cable. Not a word of the English electricians and engineers on board that vessel, the men who were sent to lay, and who did lay, the cable. It is generally the fate of those who grasp at inordinate quantities to have even the small share which would otherwise he given to them withheld. This rule is likely to apply in the case of the officers of the Niagara; and if they put in a claim to be considered foremost among the agents in this great scheme, they must ex- pect to hear of things which, in the general satisfaction on this side of the water, would otherwise have been forgiven, if not forgotten. They will be told how the rough, and, to say the very least of it, the careless manner in which they threw out the rope from the Niagara at Keyham, after the first failure, was nearly destroying that half, and it, in fact, did destroy very many miles of it. They will be told, also, how, even in the last trips, even the character of guest did not suffice to protect the English gentlemen ana work- men on board their ship from such annoyance and insult that it was feared that when the vessel joined at the rendezvous the English on board the Niagara would refuse to proceed any further in her, and ~ put a stop for a time to the whole scheme. In fact, it was only through the influence of Mr. Canning on board the Agamemnon that such a strike, if we may so call it, among the men was pre- vented before the vessels left Plymouth. Captain Hudson and his officers will also be reminded how, when the ships returned to Queenstown after the great storm, they were almost to a. man against further attempts, and if their opposition had had the least weight with those entrusted with carrying out the undertaking the second voyage would never have been made, and the completion of the Atlantic telegraph deferred at least for many, many years, This is not the first time that American ships have gained great name of a certain kind under false colors, and the offi- cers of the Niagara are building up a reputa- tion on the Atlantic cable, with which, how- ever, they have no more real connection than they had, it is said, with the great public ball at Plymouth given in their name, and on which, likewise, they contrived to found a brief reputation for hospitality and profusion. ~ Whale and tise Leviathan. We clip from an exchange a curious exam- ple of literalism in interpretation, which we commend to our literalist readers as a critical curiosity A correspondent writes to us on a subject of prophecy as follows: I believe the Levia- than, which Job so clearly and beautifully describes, is noli a whale, or any other living monster of the deep. A steam engine on the railroad in itself has no life, yet it moves at the rate of twenty miles per hour with ease; so, for aught we know, the Leviathan, or English steamship, may move with the same velocity, and if so, will it not literally fulfill the ancient prophecy recorded in the forty- first chapter of Job? Begin with the nine- teenth verse, and suppose he is describing a huge steamboat instead of a whale. Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or cauldron. His breast kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. He maketh the sea like a pot of ointment. He maketh a path to shine after him. One would think the deep to be white or hoary. Now, I would ask any one who has looked from the stern of a steamboat when sailing, if Job has not described the wake of the boat to the very life ? The only objection to this is, that the Le- s,iathass has been re~christened the Great Eastern.ED5. 22 C ~cicntific ~n~e~ican+ PEasoNs who write to us, expecting replies through this column and those who may desire to make con- tributions to it ef brief interesting facts, must always observe the etrict rule, viz., to furnish their names, otherwise we cannot place confidence in their com- munications. STEAM CunTulumIt is very difficult to state at what period the application of steam was first made to pur- poses of agriculture. In 1618, David Ramsey and Thomas Wildgoose took out a patent in England, the first on record in this class. The object of the inven- tion, as stated, was for the good of the common- wealth, as well as to plough ground without horses or oxen ; and in a later day (1769), Francis Moon se- cured a patent for a new invented machine, to go without horses, adapted to wheel carriages in general, also to ploughing, harrowing and every other branch of husbandry. So confident of success was the inventor that he actually sold all his own horses, and advised his friends to do likewise, under the impression that their value would be speedily reduced to one-fourth. W. J. S., of N. Y.The conductor of super-atone- spheric electricity for land telegraphs which you de- scribe, is also described on pages 190 and 191 of Trum- bulls work on ~felegraphs, second edition. It has not sufficient novelty to warrant its publication. BRooMsJohn II. Lenty, of Etowah, Ga., wishes to purchase a machine for making brooms from broom corn, also a lathe for turning out the handles. G. & T., of N. Y.We do not know where coil springs can be obtained. L. G. G, of N. C.Smees Electro-Metallurgy is the best one known to us. It can be got from Wiley & Haistead, New York. J. K., of mdWe use Websters Dictionary alto- gether. It is the standard in this country. PORTABLE Cmzso MILLsWe are having frequent in- quiries for such mills, and we think that some one who makes them will do well to advertise them in our columns. W. M., of OhioSome turbine wheels have realized 80 per cent of the water power. Address Mr. Boyden, Lowell. Mass., regarding the price he charges. J. C. T., of N. Y.Rotary tables are common, but we have never seen one formed of a series of rising con- centric circles, as represented in your sketch. If you can show that it is useful, a patent maybe secured for it. J. D. W., of MoYou ask How long it will take an electric current to pass through the entire length of the Atlantic Cable ? It will pass almost instantane- ously, but as a primary current generates a counter current, it will take from four to six seconds to send one current after another continuously. J. H., of Mo.The inhalation of oxygen has been employed for lung dissases, but never for fevers so far as we know. You seem to suppose thai the Inhalation of pure oxygen would be better for the health than breating atmospheric air. This would not be so. By inhaling pure oxygen, the pulse and the blood increase in motion, and life becomes a feverish excitement. B. J. M., of Pa.The fluid to which you refer as being used by tinners to ensure the adhesion of solder is the chloride of zinc in solution, which they apply with a feather to the metal. H. A S., of N. Y.Your directions for the use of the Davy lamp are well known and form part of the British Coal Inspectors instructions to miners. H, B. H., of PaWe believe that Carroll Spence is the present American Minister at Constantinople. C. D., of Pa., and M. J. 0., of MassMessrs. Blackie & Son, 117 Fallen street, New York, have published a good work on mechanical drawing. It will undoubted- ly aid you in getting a knowledge of this art. L. & B., of Mass.The person who first brings an invention to perfectionapplies it usefullyis entitled to the patent, and will maintain his right in a court of law. The person who may have talked to others about inventing a similar machine years before, but who never did anything towards completing it, until the patent was secured by another, cannot come in and dispossess the patentee of his sight. P. C. G., of MassThe most common cause of the explosions of steam boilers is the want of water in the boiler, whereby the flues become red hot and the metal rendered weakeasily blown to pieces by the pressure of steam generated. E. J. 11., of VaThe sample of stone sent to us is rock quartz, and has no value whatever. W. & J., of 111.We do not know of any means whereby alcohol impregnated with turpentine can be deprived of its effects. J. N., of TexasWe thank you for the information you send us. We are well acquainted with Davenport & Cooks experiments with electro-magnetic engines in 1886. We know nothing of their present whereabouts. TOBACCO COTTEEJ. W. Woodhurn, of Rome, Pa.. wishes to correspond wills some one who can supply him with a good tobacco cutter. T. MoE. H., of WisPiesses Art of Perfumery is published by Lindsay & Blakiston, Philadelphia. Car- nelians are very cheap, and are shaped by being ground with emerypowder on steel plates which revolve very rapidly. W. E. S., of BLWe thank you for your club of sub- scribers. If you give a power of attorney to a party to ~ sell your patent, it should he put upon the Records of the Patent Office. S. D. C.. of VaThepercentage of power given out by a water wheel in proportion to the power of the water is ascertained by a friction brake applied to the shalt. You should bear in mind that power means ve- locity multiplied into weight, not velocity Itself. ? Money received at the Scientific American Office on account of Psitent Office business, for the week ending Saturday, September 18, 1858 A. H. G.,ofN.Y.,$00; S. K.B.,ofIll.,$30; W.M. W., of N. Y., $80; W. R. C., of Iowa, $25; W. Y. G., ofKy., $10; M.L.,ofVt..$25; W. H., ofPa., $25;H. C. S., of OhIo, $210; W. H., of Ill., $21; G. H. M., of N.Y.~$25; M.& B.,ofN.Y., $25; J.T.D.,of N.Y., $11; P.W. G., of Ill., $20; J.W. VenD., ofMo., $15; E. P. C., of Mass., $21; H. & K., of Ill., $10; E. M., efN.Y.,$l0; P. C. F.,ofN.Y.,$10; W. TB., of Ohio, $25; R. H. M., of N. Y., $80; G. W. S.. of Bi., $25; A. C. B., of Mo.,$25; J. D.R., of Pa., $25; W. H. B.,of N. Y., $25; C. C., of Conn., $52; A. S., of IlL, $25; H. S., of N. Y., $30; E. A. G.,of Pa., $25; J. A. D., of Ky.,$20; E. M. & J. E. M., ofN. Y., $10; H M. C., of Mich., $25; G. L. D., of Vt., $40; J. W., of R. I.. $05; C. E. B., of N.Y., $30; W. W., ofN. Y., $10; J. M., ofN. Y.,$50. Specifications and drawings belonging to parties with the following initials hsve been forwarded to the Pat- ent Office during the week ending Saturday, Septem- ber 18, 1858: A. S., of Ill.; J. A. D ,of N.Y.; W. T. B., of Ohio; J. D. R., of Pa.; J. M., of N. Y., (2 cases); H. M. C., ofMich.; A. W., of Ga.; A. C. B., of Mo. W. B. B., of Conn.; C. C., of Coun.; E. A. G., of Pa.; M. L., of Vt.; W. H., of Ill.; W. R. C., of Iowa; W. H., of Pa.; G. W. S., of Ill.; H. G., of IlL; H. C. 5, of Ohio; M. & B., of N. Y.; W. H. B., of N. Y.; W. B. C., of Pa.; E. P. C., of Mass.; J. F. D., of N. Y. -S. Literary Notices. Tuz STORY OF THE TELE RAPH, AND A HIsTORY OF THE GREAT ATLANTIC CABLE. By Chas. F. Briggs and Augustus Maverick. New York: Rufid & Carleton, 010 Broadway. The small portion of this work which is devoted to general information concerning electric and magnetic telegraphs is very meager and incom- plete, while that relating to the history of the Atlantic Telegraph is full and comprehensive. All the interest- ing and valuable information which the newspapers have given forth since the first projection of the enter- prise is in this work condensed and properly arranged, so that it forms a convenient and concise habdboek of this great triumph of science over the difficulties of na- ture. Thework is embellished by some engravings and a portrait of Cyrus W. Field. THE EDINBURGH Rmovunv. Published by L. Scott& Co., No. 54 Goldstreet, New York. This is time nester of Reviews, but though the oldest itis as vigorous as the youngest in our language. The number for the present quarter contains an able leader on the mason- geologist, Hugh Miller; also, a keen criticism on Thiers History of the French Consulate and Empire, and a very able ess Science. ay on the Progress of Physical BLACxWOoDs MAGAzINEThis monthly, also pub- lished by L. Scott & Co., always contains able contri- butions. What shall we do with it 9 by Buiwer, is centinuedlo part 10. There is a robust and spicy arti- cle on London Exhibitions and London Critics, and several other interesting articles. VALUABLE HINTS TO OUR READERS. RzoxnTs,When money is paid at the office for sub- scriptions, a receipt for it will always be given; but when subscribers remit their money by mail, they may consider the arrival of the first paper a Semsaficfe acknowledgment of the receipt of their funds. The Post Office law does net allow publishers to enclose receipts in lbs paper. PATENT CI.& mMs~Persons desiring the claim of any in- vention which has been patented within fifteen years, can obtain a copy by addressing aletter to this office,stating the name of the patentee, and date of patent whex~jcnown, and enclosing $1 as feefor copy- ing. BINDINGWe would suggest to those who desire to have their volumes bound, that they had better send their numbers to this office, and have them executed in a uniform style with their previous volumes. Price of binding 75 cents. A~RSssr~i1~~ PATENT CO., Proprie- tors of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, continue to procure patents for inventors in the United States and all foreign countries on the most liberal terms. Our experience is of thirteen years standing, and our facilities are un- equaled by any other agency in the world. The long experience we have had in preparing specifications and drawings has rendered us perfectly conversant with the mode of doing business at the United~ States Patent Office, and with most of the inventions which have been patented. Information concerning the patentability of inventions is freely given, without charge, on sending a model or drawing and description to this office. Consultation may he had with the firm, between nine and four oclock, daily, at their principal office. 128 Fallen street, New York.. We established, over a year age, a Branch Office in the City of Washington, on the corner of F and Seventh streets, oPposite the United States Patent Office. This office is under the general superintendence of one of the firm, and is in dail~ communication with the Principal Office in New Yor . and personal attention will he given at the Patent Office to all such cases as may require it. In- ventors and others who may visit Washington, having business at the Patent Office, are cordially invTted to call at our office. The annexed letter from the late Commissioner of Patents we commend to the perusal of all persons in- terested in obtaining patents Mzssas. MUNN & CoI take pleasure In staling that while I held the office of Commissioner of Patents, MORE THAN ONE-FOURTH OF ~LL THE BU5IBE55 OF THE OFFICEcamethroughyour hands. I have no doubt that the public confidence thus indicated has been fully de- served, as I have always observed, in all your Inter- course with the Office, a marked degree of promptness, skill, and fidelity to the interests of your employers. Yours, very truly, CHAS. MASON. Communications and remittances should be addressed to MUNN & COMPANY, No. 128 Fulton street, New York. 1~J[ACKINTOSH & WADSWORTHS PAT- IVI ent Variable Governor Cut-off Valve, equally adapted to the common slide valve or puppet valve en- gines, also to the oscillating, cutting off the steam at any point, from the common current to three-fourths of the stroke, as the varying pressure of the steam in the boiler, or the varying amount of work to be done re- quires. Shop, county and Slate rights for sale. For illustration see Sd. AM Vol XIII No. 51. For full particulars address CRIt5GE,WADdWORTH & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. 3 If ~ ECOND-HAND 1V[ACIIINERY AT VERY K~ low prices for cashSteam Engines, Slide Lathes, Planing Machines, Drills, Slotting Machines, & c.; also, a variety of Mortising, Tenoning, and Sash Machines, & c., all warranted in good running order. Address CHARLES G. WILLCOX, 87 North Third si., Phila- delphia, Pa. 3 5* A SST~NEES SALEOn the 16t~day of October, 1858, will be sold at public sale upon the premises, in the borough of Mount Joy, Lancaster county. Pa., the Mount Joy Car and Agricultural Implement Mann- factory, consisting of a two-story brick shop, 146 by 40 feet, with frame saw-mill 100 by 25 ft., and brick engine and boiler house attached2 brick foundry 70 by 40 feet, warehouses, stable, & c., siding to railroad, cranes, & c. Also 50-horse engine, belting and gearings, lathes, planers, boring mills, & c., for iron and wood, and a large stock of patterns, all nearly new. Situated in one of the best agricultural districts in the Union on the great Pennsylvania Central Railroad. For further information apply to the undersigned, assignees of Samuel Kohr and wife, at Mount Joy, aforesaId. Sale to commence at 1 oclock, P. M. of said day. Sale of lumber castings, and other materials, finished and tin- finished work, & c., on the 18th and 19th of October next. MARTIN B. PEIFER, 32* JACOB R. HOFFER. WJOODWORTH PLANING MACHINES WV Sash, Tenoning and Mortising Machines, Steam Engines, Slide Lathes, Drills, & c., at greatly reduced prices. Address CHARLES H. SMITH, 115 North Third et., Philadelphia. 3 6 ~ TEAM ENGINES, SLiDE LATHES, K7 Planing Machines, Drills, & c.Orders laken for all descriptions of machines for working in wood or iron. Address CHARLES H. SMITH, Machinery Depot, 115 North Third at., Philadelphia. 3 6 P IGHTS FOR SALE SMITHS PATENT JA~ Feel-Warming Device, for blacksmiths use. New, useful, and just in season. Patented August 01, 1858. State rights, or the whole of the United States for sale low. Address GEORGE W. SMITH, Aurora, Dear- born co., Ind. 3 5* 0 LUMBER MERCHANTSFOR SALE 1-The Pontiac Mills, Ottawa river, Canada, with extensive limits. Mill cost $150,000, but will be sold at a great sacrifice, to wind up the estate. Liberal terms of payment. Apply to JAMES DOYLE Aylmer, C E HENRY McKAY, Montreal, or to G6RD ON & BRU1~IE, New York City. 2 3* TT 0 BRICKMAKERSEVERY MAN WHO 1- has witnessed our machinewhen operated by only three horses it turns out the most solid and per- fect bricks at the rate of sixty per minutepronounce it not only superior, but altogether beyond and above comparison with any other in use. For particulars ad- dress the undersigned at Philadelphia. 24* J. W. & E. C. JAYNE. ~ ECOND-HAND MACHINISTS TOOLS k7 Viz., Engine and Hand Lathes, Iron Planers, Drills, Chuck Lathe, Gear Cutter and Vises, all in good order and for sale low for cash. Also one new first-class *oodworth Planing and Matching Machine. Address FRANKLIN SKINNER, Agent, 14 Whitney avenue. New Haven, Coan. 1 13 (1 ORLISS PATENT STEAM ENGINES ~-- About 250, most of them from 40 to 400 horse power are now in operation. On application, pamphlets wili be sent (by mail), containing statements of responsible manufacturing companies where these engines have been furnished, for the saving of fuel, in periodsvarying from 27 to 5 years Boilers shafting, and gearing. COIILISS STIIAM ENGI NE CO., 1 4 Providence, R. I. IAT OODBURYS IMPROVED WOODWOETH WV Planing, Tonguing and Grooving Machines, are warranted to be vastly superior to any other machines in this country. When exhibited, they have always received the highest premium. Two gold medals have been awarded. Six patents have been granted to se- cure the improvements on these machines. All sizes constantly for sale, by JAMES A. WOOD- BURY, 69 Sudhury street, Boston. 1 8 P IVETS. IRON BRIDGE, SHIP GIRDER, .1.LBoiler, Tank, Tender, Gasometer, and Stove Elyots. Railroads, Locomotive and Machine Shops, Gasome- ter Manufacturers, & c., supplied with every kind of rivet used in the trade. PHILLIPS & ALLEN, Rivet Works, Pennsylvania avenue, west of 22d et., Philadelphia. 14 EN?I~AIIIING ON WOOD AND MECHANI- AWING, by RICHARD TEN EYCK, Jr., 128 FuIton street, New York, Engraver to theficien- tide American. 1 4 WADSWORTH & CO., MANU- C RIDGE, aurers of improved patent Oscillating Steam Engines, with variable governor cut-off. Shop, county, and State rights for sale. Also one-half the patent for Great Britain. For illustration see SCL AM., Vol. 13, No. 51. Circulars with testimonials, & c., sent by mail on application to CRIDGE, WADSWORTH & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 3 V NGRAVING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION -124Machinery, Patents, Maps, & c., by WM. J. BAR- KER, No. 23 North Sixth street, Philadelphia, Pa. 1 4* p EAD THISHUGHES MISSOURI HAND 1-L Corn Plantertook first premium at United States Fair, September, 1857, in trial testnow chal- lenges all others. Patented November, 1855, and Sep- tember, 1857. County and State rights for sale. Send for a circular. Real estate taken in exchange for rights. Address B. W. HUGHES, Palmyra. Mo. 1 5 E V1~Y MILLWRIGHT, ALL MILL- ,and those intes~ested in hydrodynam- ics, should become acquainted with the merits and principles of the improved Fourneyron Turbine Water Wheel, or the Universal Turbine a wheel the most economical in the use of water, and giving the highest percentage, with a partially raised gate, of any yet die- coyered. It gives Irom 75 to 97 per cent of power, ac- cording to the size of wheel and head employed. For information addrcss S. K BALDWIN Laconia, ~. H. N. BFor low falls of one, two, or three feel, also forany fall, it will surpass all others. 2 13 W ARTIPS SELF-ACTING WOOD-TURN- THESThe best and moot practical now in use; one boy will accomplish the work of four men. State and County rights for sale. Address A. WARTH, care W. H. Bertling, 20 Chambers et., New York, or the manufacturers, who have machines of all sizes on hand. Also a general assortment of machin- ists tools. Circulars sent. Address CARPENTER & PLASS, 479 First ave., New York. 2 11 W OODWORTH PLANERSIRON FRAMES to piano 18 to 24 inches wideat $90 to $110. For sale by S. C. HILLS, 12 PlaIt street New York. 1 26 IMPROVED WOODWORTH AND DAN- .LIELSPLANING MACHINES, with Reads feed works, and Gibbs patent oval hollow arm, made by J. A. FAY & CO., Worcester, Mass. 2 l5eow ThJUTACHINERY.s. C. HILLS, NO. 12 PLATT IVI street. New York, dealer in Steam Engines, Boilers, Planers, Lathes, Chucks, Drills, Pumps; Mor- ising, Tenoning, and Sash Machines, Woodworths and Daniels Planers Dicks Punches, Presses and Shears; Cob and Corn Mills; Harrisons Grist Mills; Johnson Shingle Mills; Belting, Oil, & c. 3 e3w IFTH EDITIONCATALOGUE CONTAIN- F ing 250 illustrations of Mathematical, Optical and Philosophical Instruments, with attachment of a large sheet representing the Swiss instruments in their ac- tual size and shape, will be delivered, on applIcation, to all parts of the United States, by sending 12 cents in postage stamps. C. T. AMSLER, 1 bow No. 635 Chestnut at., Philadelphia. OIL !FOR RAILROADS, STEAM- o IJ~ilOIL! 5, and for machinery and burning. Peases Improved Machinery and Burning Oil will ~jsve fifty per cent and will not gum. This oil possesies quali- ties vitaily essential for lubricating and burning, and found In no other oil. It is offered to the public upon the most reliable, thorough and practical test. Our most skillful engineers and Riachinists pronounce It superior and cheaper than any other, and the only oil that is in all cases reliable and will not gum. The Scientific American, after several tests, pronounced it superior to any other they have ever used for ma- chinery. For saip only by the inventor and manufac- turer F. S. PEASE, 61 Main sI., Buffalo, N. Y. N. ilReliable orders filled for any part of the United Slates and Europe. i 13 THE WORKS OF TIlE AUBIN GAS CO., eneral Office, No. 44 State sI., Albany, N. Y.,) as now perfected, are adapted to all materials and lo- calities, and are In successful operation in villages, fac- tories, and private dwellings. For full information as to cost, probable income of public works, & c., apply as above. For plans, & c., see SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN of March 13th. 1 26 ENGINES, STEAM BOILERS, S TEAM am Pumps. Saw and Grist Mills, Marble Mills, Rice Mills, Quartz Mills for gold quartz, Sugar Mills, Water Wheels, Shafting and Pulleys. The largest as- sortment of the above in the country, kept constantly on hand by WM. BURDON. 102 Front street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 126 20 AND 30 IN~JH GRAIN HA~RISON~S ils constantly on hand. Address New Haven Manufacturing Co., New Haven, Conn. 1 13 MA~~NE BELTING, STEAM PACKING, NGINE HOSEThe superiority of these artI- cles, manufactured of vulcanized rubber, is established. Every belt will be warranted superior to leather, at one-third less price. The Steam Packing is made in every variety, and warranted to stand 000 dogs. of heat. The hose never needs oiling, and is warranted to stand any required pressure; together with all varieties of rubber adapted to mechanical purposes. Directions, prices, & c., can be obtained b~ mail or olberwise at our warehouse. NEW YORK BLLTING AND PA6~KING COMPANY. JOHN H. CHEEVEE, Treasurer, No.6 Dey street, New York. 1 13 SPEEDWELL iRON WORKS, VAM~sS rristown, N. J.. manufacture Craigs Patent Double-acting Balance Valve Oscillating Steam Engines both stationary and portable, Knowles Patent Muley, Portable, Gang and Re-sawing Mills, Sugar and Chinese Cane Mills and Sugar Pans, Grist Mills, Mill Irons, Richs Water-wheels, Forgings and Castings. Orders for the above, and all descriptions of labor-saving ma- chinerv will receive prompt attention, JOHN H. LIDGERWOOD & CO., 1 12 No. 9 Gold street, New York. WROUGHT IRON PIPE, CAST IRON WV PIPE, Galvanized Iron Pipe (a substitute for lead), Slop Cocks and Valves, Boilers and Boiler Flues. Pumps of all kinds sold at the lowest market rates by JAMES 0. MORSE & CO., 76 John sI., and 29, 31 and 33 PlaIt sI., New York. 1 5 FOUNDERS AND PIPE MANU- T 0 IRON CTUREES.I will sell the right to use and furnish the best Core Bars extant, for molding all kinds of Green Sand Cores on a hollow bar, for three-inch pipe and upwards. GEO. PEACOCK, Dalton, Ga. 1 6 I AP-WELDED IRON BOILER TUBES- LA Pressers PatentEvery article aecesearyto drill the tube-plates and set the tubes in the best manner. THOS. PROSSER & SON, 28 PlaIt sI., New York. 1 5 (1 ARYS CELEBRATED DIRECT ACTING -.- Self-Adjusting Rotary Force Pump, unequalled in the wo~l~ for the purpose of raising and forcing waler, or any olAmer fluid. Manufactured and sold by CARY & BRAINARD, Brockport, N. Y. Also for sale by J. C. CARY, 240 Broadway, New York City. 1 Il DECKS PATENT DROP PRESS ALL 1- sizes, used for stamping copper or tin wore~silver ware ornaments, spoons, & c., and for forging gun work, lock work, carriage clips, & c. Also power and foot punching presses and oval die chucks. Manufac- tured by MILO PEI~IK & CO., 3 Whitney avenue, New Haven, Conn. 1 14 TEAM WHISTLES IMPROVED PAT- k~lerns for locomotive and stationary engines. A large assortment constantly on hand. Manufaclured by HAYDEN, SANDERS & CO., 1 5 306 Pearl et., New York. SELL 5 UUU four ~WANTED TO entiors. Agents have made over $25,000 on one. Better than all other similar agencies. Send four stamps and get eighty pages par- ticulars, gratis. EPHRAIM BROWN, 1 5 Lowell, Mass. AND COMPOSITION CASTINGS, P~ ed Roils, Mill Gearing, Fan Blowers, Trip Hammers, Shafting, Shears, Presses, India Rubber Calenders, Grinding and Cutting Machines, Turbine and Center-vent Water Wheels, also contracts made for Breast and Overshot Wood Wheels, also orders ta- ken for the manufacture of patented machinery of all kinds, by the BIRMINGHAM IRON FOUNDRY, Birmingham, Coun. 2 1 If SHELDON BASSETT, President. J & WM. W. CUMBERLANDS IMPROVED Patent Metallic Oil, for machinery and burning. Warranted to last longer than spesm oil. Manufactur- ed only by the New York Cumberland Mel Ilic Oil Works, foot of East 24th sI. Office, No. 105 Broadway, New York. Under the inventors superintendence. N. BSee that our brand New York Cumberland Metallic Oil Works, foot of East 24th street, is upon every package, however small. 1 10~ (~UILD & GARRISONS STEAM PUMPS for all kinds of independent steam pumping, for sale at 55 and 57 First street, Wihiamshurgh, L. L, and 301 Pearl street, New York 1 10 GUILD, GARRISON & CO. WELLINGTON MILLS EMERY CON- sumers will look for copyright label on each cask, by whomsoever sold, and Ihey will be sure of time best emery. Casks contain 200 pounds each. Testimonials of its superiority from Collins Axe Co., and many others. GEO. H. GRAY & DANFOETH, 1 9 Boston, Mass. These machines have no rival.(Scientiflc American. WHEELER & WILSONS SEWING MA- CHINES, 343 Broadway, New York, received the highest premiums awarded in 1817 by the American Institute, New York; Maryland Institute, Baltimore; and at the Maine, Connecticut, Illinois. and Michigan State Fairs. blend for a circular coulsilning editorial and scientific opinions, testimonials from persons of the highest social ~esition, & c. 1 If RON PLANERS AND ENGINE LATHES of all slEes, also Hand Lathes, Drills, Bolt Cut- ters, Gear Cutters, Chucks, & c.~. on hand and finishing. These tools are of superior quality, and are for sale low for cash or approved paper. For cuts giving full descrip- tion and prices, address New Haven Manufacturing Co., New Haven, Conn. 1 13 ~cii~nce an~ ~d+ ~anIey~s Preserve Can. The cause of decomposition in fruit, vege- tables, meat, & c., is the oxygen of the atmo- sphere or water, by which they may chance to be surrounded, and to preserve them it is necessary that they shall be enclosed in per- fectly air-tight cases. Many kinds of cans, jars, and other contrivances, have been in- vented for this purpose, but not one surpasses the subject of our description for cheapness of construction or simplicity and perfection. J~CAl JY~j 2 Cb B Fig. 1 is a perspective view, and Fig. 2 a section of this can, from which - at once its simplicity will be seen. The cover, B, being removed, the substances to be preserved are placed in the can, A, which is then placed in hot water, the heat expels all the air from the inside, and the cover is placed in a hole stamped in the top, a, to receive it, fusible cement in then poured round it, and cold water poured in the cup, b, of the top, B; this instantly cools the ce- ment, and the can can be removed from the hot water without the fear of any air entering the can. The cover is made slightly inclined towards the center, to hold the cement, and fit snugly to the cover, B. When it is desired to open the can little trouble is necessary, it only being requisite to pour hot water into the cup, b, of the cover, B, which melts the cement, and the cover can be removed with. out there being any danger of the water get- ting inside. They are made of tin plate, and can be used very many times, so that they are ever ready, and not destroyed with once using. It is difficult to find any particular feature to praise, as in every way they are the very perfection of preserve cans, and are the inven- tion of E. Manley, of Marion, N. Y., who patented them August 3d, 1858, and from whom any further information may be oh. tamed. Paper Bag Machine. Paper bags are much used as convenient and cheap packing cases for light articles or small quantities of any suhstahce, and al- though they are so cheap and apparently in- significant, yet there has been much ingenuity displayed in devising machines for their manufacture. The machine, of which our engraving (Fig. 1) is a perspective view, is the invention of Jacob Keller, of Fairviexv township, Pa., and is intended to make those three-cornered bags which are so commonly used in our grocery stores and other places to contain sugar, candies, & c. By referring to the illustrations, in which (Fig. 2) are some of the parts separated, to show the op- eration, the machine will be understood. A is the frame, B the treddle, which is worked up and down by the foot, C the shaft, upon which is a flanged wheel, connect- ed by a pin with shaft, E, also attached to D. On the flanged wheel, D, is a roller, H, and opposite H is a pin, I, projecting from D. J is a lever underneath, which is operated on by the roller, II, and is attached by a wire to the folding frame, K, above, upon which the hag is formed or folded. L is the roller which holds the paste, having a sliding feeder. NI, attached to the cover. L is a pawi and ratchet for turning the paste roller. N and 0 are two folders attached to the top, forming a square table with bind es, so as to he thrown over by the hand of the operator at right angles, and connect the sides of the hag after the roller has deposited the paste on the front edge of the paper, next to the paste roller, L. P is a spring catch, in the center of the ma- chine, immediately above and across the shaft, C, having its front end beveled at the side, to correspond with beveled point of the pin, I. At the back end of this spring catch, F, is a small spiral spring, and a lever, R, extends from the upright movable frame, 8, that supports paste roller, L, ~nd is operated angular shaped bag upon the fly lid, W, at top, which operates on ordinary hinges. The paper having an oblong shape was first laid on the top (on folders, N and 0, forming the table), with its left side edge proj ecting about an inch over. The front edge of the paper being placed on a line with the front edge of the top, and on a line with the paste roller, L. The paper being laid thus smooth and flat on the top, the operator presses upon the treddle, B, and the flanged wheel, D, is partly revolved, until its. pin, I, raises the spring catch, F, at the same time fly lid, W, falls down upon the paper at top, the movable frame, 8, is thrown forward, and the paste roller, L, deposits the paste on the, front edge of the paper. Thd short lever then operates on the long lever, R, and the movable frame, 8, is thrown hack, with its paste roller, L, and the spiral spring brings the devices of the machine hack to their places, to perform another pasting operation. This machine is simple and effective, and was patented by the inventor March 2d, 1858. All further information can he obtained by addressing B. F. Koller, Sbrewshury, Pa. Smiths Butter-Worker. This is a churn and butter-worker com- bined, and makes the several operations of butter-making one continuous and easy pro- cess. The cream is placed in the churn and taken out as butter, perfectly worked, salted, and ready for the market. In our engravings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the invention, in which A is the churn, suspended by bars and frame, E, and pivots, a, on the frame, B. The churn can by a short lever in the center of the machine. A short lever or lug is permanently attached to and projects from the lower part of the movable frame, S, and as it is brought in contact with a corresponding lug, V, project- ing downward from the frame, A, the paste roller, L, is thrown forward on the paper at top. The pin, I, on the flange wheel, D, then presses against the lower end of the short lever, by which the lever, R, and the frame, 8, with its paste roller, L, is thrown back. The paper is thus pasted together in a tri swing in B when desired, but while being worked it is retained in an upright position by the board, H, and a catch, b. C is the Thy] working shaft (seen better in Fi0,. 2), having on the end that is placed in the churn an en- largement, c, from which project a series of dashers, d, of the shape or form shown in the engraving. These dashers, although project- ing horizontally from c, and having an hori- zontal rotary motion through the cream, yet by their shape they produce the same effect as the ordinary dash churn. C terminates in a pivot that rests in a shoe in the bottom of the churn, and there is a small cavity, D, in c, through which the but- termilk, on account of its thinness, can run into a vessel placed under the churn to re- ceive it, but the cream or butter, on account of their consistency, cannot escape. The shaft, C, and dashers are rotated by the bevel gear- ing, F, and handle, G. The handle, G, has three square holes in it, either of which can be fitted to the wheel as represented in Fig. 1, so that more or less leverage can be had by the operator as the butter becomes harder, and more difficult to work. By fitting the handle on to a crank pin, or on to a central pin, the operator can obtain five different lengths of leverage, so that he or she does not have any more hard work, as the butter- milk is being squeezed out, and the salt worked in. Fig. 3 shows the cover, I, which is in two parts. This churn renders the operation of churn- ing and preparing butter for the market very simple and easy, and is the invention of Justin M. Smith, of Lyme, Conn., from whom any further information can he obtained. It was patented January 12, 1858. LIGHT AND HEAT.During the illumina- tion in Albany, N. Y., on the 1st inst., a cauldron was filled with dry granulated fire- clay, and gas was allowed to flow through it. It gave out a light equal to 1,000 sperm can- dles, and generated an intense heat. It would he a good plan to employ gas in this manner for cooking, as dry fire-clay concen- trates, and thus economizes the heat. or TflE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. FOURTEENTH YEAR: MECHANICS, INVENTORS, MILLWRIGHTS. FARTiIERS AND MANUFACTURERS. This valuable and widely circulated journal entcred upon its FOURTEENTH YEAR on the 11th of Sep- tember. It is an Illustrated Periodical, devoted to the promul- gation of information relating to the various MecaAar- OAR and CulnucAR ARTs, MANUFACTURES, Aeniccarna., PATENTs, INvENTIONs, ENGINEERING, Miaa WORK, and all interests which the light of PRAcTIcAR Scrzacz is calculated to advance. All the most valuable patented discoveries are de- lineated and described in its issues, so that, as respects inventions, it may be justly egarded as an IllustratorS Repestsrsj, where the inventor may learn what has been done before him in the same field which hole exploring, and where he may publish to the world a knowledge of his own achievements. Reports of American Patents granted are also pub- lished every week, including s not copies of all the PATENT CLAIMs. These Patent Claims are furnished from the Patent Office Records exiressly for this paper, and published in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN sn advance of alt ether psstlieotiens. The contributors to the SCIENTIFIC AMERiCAN are among the most eminent scientific and practical men of the times. The editorial department is univer- sally acknowledgefito he conducted with great ability, and to be distinguished, not only for the exn hence and truthfulness of its discussions. but br the fearlessness with which error is combated and false theories are exploded. Mechanics, Inventors, Engineers, Chemists, Manu- facturers, Agriculturists, and people in every profession of life, will find the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN to he ci great value in their respective callings. Its counsels and suggestions will save them hundreds of dollars an- soally, besides affording them a continual source of knowledge, the value ni which is beyond pecuniary estimate. TERMS OF gUBSCRIPTIONTwo Dollars a Year, or One Dollar for Six Months. CLUB RATES. Five Copies, for Six Months Ten Copies, for Six Months .58 Ten Copies, for Twelve Months 5 Fifteen Copies, for TwelvO Months Twenty Copies, for Twelve Mouths For all clubs of Twenty and over, the yearly sub- scription is only $1 40. N ames can be sent in at different times and from difierut Post Offices. Speci- men copies will be sent gratis to any part of the country. Southern. Western and Canadianmoney or Post Office stamps, taken at par for subscriptions. Canadian sub- scribers will please to remit twenty-six cents extre on each years subscription, to ure-lal postace MUNN & CO.. Publishers and Patent Agents, No. lii Fulton street, New York. KELLERS BAG-MAKING MACHINE. If -9 C)

VOL. XIV. T HE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, PUBLISHED WEEKLY At No. 128 Fulton street, (Sun Buildings,), New Yorl~ BY MUNN & CO. 0. D. KUHN, 5. H. WALES, A. E. BEACH. Responsible Agents may also be found in all the principal cities and towns of the United States. Sampson Low, Son & Co. the Americm Booksellers, 47 Ludgate Hill, Londen, J~Jng., are the British Agents to receive subscriptions for the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN. Single copies of the paper are on sais at the office of puhlication, and at all the periodical stores in this city Brooklyn and Jersey City. TERMSTwo Dollars per annumOne Dollar in advance, and the remainder in six months. ~W See Prospectus on last page. No Traveling Agents employed. A New White Metal. A new alloy, which does not appear to tar- nish more readily than ordinary white metal, and which is considerahly cheaper, has just heen discovered hy Mr. W. Sharman, and it is thought prohahie that it will, to a great extent, supersede the various Brittania metals now in use. The alloy consists of tin, 16 parts; lead, 3 or 4 parts; zinc, 5 parts; and diff~rs only from all similar compounds on record from the much larger percentage of zinc it contains. In the process of manufac- ture the zinc is first melted at as low a heat as possihle, the tin is next added, and finally the lead. The whole is well stirred up with a green wood pole, to ensure perfect mixture, and to prevent oxydation, for which latter purpose a coating of borax and the addition of a little resin will he found useful. The whole operation musthe conducted as quickly as possihle, and excess of heat avoided. The proportions may he modified as required, more zinc giving less ductility, and more tin giving more flexihility, and a hotter color. For teapots and articles of a like character, the alloy composed of 16 parts tin, 3 parts zinc, and 3 parts lead, is preferahle. These alloys being easily fusible, care must he taken in the selection of the solder. The new alloy can he rolled and spun, and will, therefore, he easy of application to a large variety of pur- poses. NEW YOLK, OCTOBER 2,1858. THOMASS PAINT MILL. Although paint can he ground very finely during the process of grinding. The muller, and well with a muller and stone, yet the op- Is, has a slot, which receives the flattened end eration is very tedious and slow, and it has of the rotating shaft, I, on which is fixed the Silver Door Plates. heen found advisahle in this, as in every other pinion, e, that engages with the gear, d, We notice the following item in an ox- hranch of manufacture, to introduce machin- driven hy the shaft of the fly wheel, g. change,. and we would make suggestion ery. Our engravings illustrate a mill for The swinging frame, f, is hinged to the not contained in the paragraph, namely, that grinding paint with expedition and evenness, main frame, B, and it drawn up hy the sot the ammonia should he very weakahout Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the mill, and screw, m, which operation forces the muller two teaspoonfuls of ammonia tQ a teacup of Fig. 2 a vertical section of the same, into the grinding cone at any desired pre~- water: A is the post or support to which is holted sure. Housekeepers will, without doubt, thank the main frame, B, which supports the opera-. By moans of the above described improved for informing them that the black sul- tive parts, composed of a stationary hollow mill the paint or semi-fluid can not only be phide of silver, which forms on plated and cone, a, and a conical rotating muller, Is. In- ground much faster than by the ordinary silver wares, door plates and knobs, may at stead of employing a hopper to receive the process, but as less grooving of the muller is once be removed by wiping the surface with semi-fluid to be ground, a force pump or necessary to make it feed, it will grind much a rag wet with aqua ammonia, and without equivalent apparatus is used. The cylinder finer, and greater durability of the grinding the trouble of rubbing and scouring with pol- of this pump is shown at C; this is screwed surfaces is obtained. The operator is enabled ishing powders. into an opening in the top of the grinding also to use the oxpansion of air in driving the It may be well also to inform them, that cone, a, which opening communicates with material out of the cylinder into the grinder, this black film, which forms on silver exposed the interior of the grinding cone by the pas- for if thIs piston is raised out of the cylinder to sniphide of hydrogen, is no evidence that sage, o, and within the cylinder the piston, D, after most of the paint is ground, and again the silver is impure, for it forms as quickly operates. This piston is hinged to an arm, introduced therein, the compressed air ox- on fine silver as on that which is alloyed with E, that extends from a toothed rack, F, aiid pels the paint through the passage, o, and ~oppor. We have known instances of good over the cylinder. This arrangement allows the grooves of the muller, so that a very silver plate having been returned to the mann- the piston to be swung freely out of the way trifling waste of material is sustained, an im- facturer, because it had been wrapped up in of the mouth of the cylinder, while the latter portant consideration in grinding colors. flannel, and we had occasion to explain that is receiving its charge of paint or material to Operation.By rotating the crank shaft, the sulphur came from the flannel, and would be ground. The rack, F, slides freely up and H, the rack, F, with the weight, W, and the act with equal readiness on the finest silver, down between the upright guides, i i, and en- piston, D, attached to the arm, E, are simul- After rain, much sulphide of hydrogen is gages with a pinion, G, fixed on a crank taneously elevated and held in elevation by disengaged from the soil of our streets, and it shaft, H. the spring catch, k, the cylinder is then filled then blackens silver door plates very quickly. Furthermore, a weight, W, of the necessary with the material to be ground, the piston is This black film, as before observed, is most size is attached to the lower end of the rack, then let down, and presses upon the top of readily removed by means of aqua ammonia, such weight by its gravitating power serving the paint by the full force of the weight, W. The same agent will be found very useful in to depress the piston in the cylinder, and to The muller is then put in motion and pressed cleaning gold chains and jewelry. force the liquid paint into the grinder or mill into the mill, and as the ground paint reaches ) NO. 4. the edge of the muller, it is scraped off by the scraper, a, and drops into a suitable recepta- cle placed below to receive it. it is the invention of Chauncey Thomas, of West Newbury, Mass.~ and waspatented April 27, 1858. Any further information can be obtained by addressing Nichols & Thomas, proprietors and manufacturers, at the same place. Improved Corn Harvester. I. Reamer and H. Miller have invented a new corn harvester, by the first feature of which the cutting action of the knife is great- lyenhanced, for when the knife comes in con- tact with the corn stalks, it cuts with an up- wardly oblique cut owing to its being set with its cutting edge elevated, and the springs al- lowing it to give in an upward direction. Cutting the corn with an oblique upward cut is very essential, and is always practised wh~en corn is harvested by hand on account of the root of the stalks offering a stronger resistance to cut against than is offered by the upper portion of the stalks in cutting downwards; and by the second feature,the perfect drawing in and bending down of the stalks to a position for being cut by the knife is ensured. The deposit of the cut stalks on to the platform, and the discharge of the same in bundles therefrom are accomplished very perfectly. It was patented last week. The inventors reside at Conrads Store, Va, Improving the Quality of Sugar. G. J. ~onson has recently secured a patent ha England for an improvement in the usaun- facturo of molded sugar, which consists in removing the sirups or liquids in which the crystals have been formed in tile usual man- ner, and simply substituting or mixing there- with clear liquor or sirup, produced from re- fined sugar. This is well mixed with the crystals of sugar, and the proportion of liquor is such that the mixture will just run from a spoon. The process may be perfurmed in a vacuum pan, or ordinary open pan, or a pan in shich streams of air may be blown, or in any other suitable manner that will mix the whole intimately together. lilachsine for Sorting Thread. We would call the attention of silk manu- facturers to the patent issued this week to Mr. Dimock, of Mansfield, Coun., for a new pro cess of manufacturing silk and twist for sew- ing machines, which process insures an oven thickness of thread throughout the spool or skein. This is a valuable improvement in the manufacture of twist, which will be duly ap- preciated by the operators of sewing machines. Measures have been taken to secure patents in several foreign countries. CARELESS LETTER WEITER5.FrOm a Par- liamentary report it appears that 2,024,057 letters were sent to the Returned Letter Office in England and Wales in 1857. Of these 264,253 were destroyed after every effort on discover the writers had failed. 25,115 letters contained money or some kind of valuable property, amounting in all to no less that $1,700,000. Out of this list the writers of 3,333 letters containing property of the value of $81,000 have not been found. GRAIN TRADE OF CsncAao.The receipts of grain at Chicago for this season have boon over 17,000,000 bushels, of which 15,000,000 bushels have been shipped off again by the lakes. C THE ADVOCATE OF INDUSTRY, AND JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC, MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS. cicnh~c ~nitncan+ Issued from the United States Patent Office FOR THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 21, 1858. [Reported o9lcoellg for the Scientofic Americeis.) Circulars giving full particulars of the mode of ap- plying for patente, size of model required, end much other infermation useful to inventors, may be had gratis by addressing MUNN & CO., Publishers of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, New York. LOOKChristian Ackerman, of Newark, N. J. I aiD aware of various claime on rotating bolts to locks, and therefore do not claim the mere rotation. I claim the uee of the fall, b, and lever, C, in their combination with the eccentric moving bolt, a, when constructed and operated as set forth. GAs ReGuLAToRsSalmOn Bidwell, of Chicago, Ill., assignor to the New York Car and Steamboat Gas Com- pany, of New York ~ity: I donot claim such an ap- paratus as the patent of H. F. Beacon, described in Newtons Journal (conjoined series), Vol. 14, page 55, plate 5, as this invention is not suitable for my pur- pose, it being entirely inoperative from its construc- tion in regulating the flow of gas under varying pres- sure. Bet I claim the cock, F, operated by the diaphragm, C, rod, b, and spring, a, as described and set forth. BRICK MACmssEsJohn Booth, of Mobile, Ala. I claim the chambers, B and C, separated by the perfor- ated, floor, a, in combination with the spring blade, F, scraper, K. and reciprocating mold carriage, H, also constructed, arran0ed and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth. SsoEARsJOseph A. Braden, of La Grange, Ga.: I claim making the blades of triangular form in their transverse sections and fitting them to the handles, so as to be capable of being turned therein to present three different pairs of edges in an operative position, sub- stantially as described. [This invention consists in making the blades of scissors or shears with their transverse section of th~ form of an equilateral triangle, so that each presents three cutting edges; and fitting them to their handles in such a manner that they are capable of being turned therein, when it is desired to bring a new pair of cut- ting edges into an operative position when one pair has been worn or blunted.] Pnow PaRse AND DRiLLT. N. C. Brimby, of Simp. sonville, Ky. : 1 am aware that presses and also drills have been employed in making moidhoards of plows, ann I do not claim any of the separate devices employ- ed by me. But Iclaim the above describedpress in combination with the drill for pressing and drilling the moidhoards of plows, the whole being constructod, arranged and operated substantially as set forth. Tsiuss PADsC. Campbell, of St. Louis, Mo.; I do not claim the mode or art of casting or molding gutta percha into any desired shape But I claim the application of pads made of gutta percha in the manner described on the specification for the prevention of the decape of viscera through hernial openings in the human body. PORTABLE Fiene FENCEP. 5. Carhart, of Collamer, N. Y. : I claim, first, Couotructin0 the panels of a port- able fence, having their bearings on sills or their equiv- alents below, shorter at their tops than their bottoms, substantially in the manner and for the purposes speci- fied. Second, Incombination with panels constructed as described I claim the sills provided with one or more cross blocks, arranged to project between or on either side of the end battens of the panels, to support and guide them, as set forth. Third, I claim the employment for tightening up the panels and uniting them firmly and expeditiously with the sill of the key or wedge, f, in combination with the brace or strap, e, substantially as specified. ROTARY PuierM. II. Clapp, of Seneca Falls, N. Y.: I am aware that corrugated or cogged pistons have been used, and such alone I do not claim. But I claim the combination and arrangement of the revolving toothed pinion, N, and cylinder, C, with tl~ abutment, K, or its equivalent, cylindrical case,A, and internal gearing, b, substantially as and for the pur- poses set forth. Nuv MACmNER. H. Cole, of St Louis, Mo,: I claim first, The arrangement of two knives, G G, whereby they are made to act simultaneously on each side of the bar, so as to cut the nut blank entirely off and de- posit it between the vibrating jaws or formers, K K, substantially as described. Second, And I also claim the arrangement of the vi- brating dies or formers, K K, whereby they are made to press the sides of the nut to the required form while carrying it from where it is cut off to where lilt is to be punched on the die, 0, substantially in the manner set forth. Third, And I also claim the spring, N, as arranged with the aforesaid jaws or formers, whereby they are opened by a yielding force, as described. Fourth I do not claim facing the dies or punches with steel2 as they are both made entirely of that metal; but I claim making them in three separate pieces or parts substantially as described, so that I can renew one part and retain the other so as to economize ma- terial. RAKING ATTACHR F FOR HARvEsTERSP. 5. Craw- ford, of Marengo, Ill. : I do not claim, broadly or irre- spective of the arrangement shown, a rake or system of rakes arranged or operated, so that one will sweep over the platform and rake a gavel into the other rake, the latter assisting in discharging the gavel from the plat- form, for such device has been used, and the plan car- ried out in various ways. But I claim the combination of the rakes, 0 P, the former being attached to the box, I, and the latter op- erated through the medium of the gearing, H J K, placed within the box, I, and the bars, L M, and arm, N, the whole being arranged as and for the purpose set forth. I further claim the supplemental or discharging rake Q, placed over the rake, P, and used in connection with the springs, i, of rake, P, substantially as de- scribed. [This is a novel means employed for operating the rakes, whereby the grain as it it is cut is taken from the platform of the reaper and discharged in gavels on the ground at suitable points, by a very economical mechanism, that may be readily applied and will work ~ efficiently in all cases.] ~ EXPANSIBLE FLoATs FOR LIFEBOATSCharles Le- gros, of New York City: I claim constructing the outer sides or side surfaces of the floats of some non-corrosive metal,wbile the top and unexplored surfaces are formed of rubber or other air-proof flexible material, substan- tiallyas and for the purposes set forth. ~s ? ~JQY C RooFING CEOsENTSG. W. Cushing, of Chicago, Ill.: I claim the roofing cement composed of asphaltum, coal tar, and the residuary gum specified, combined in about the proportions stated. [The component parts of this cement are asphaltum, coal tar and the pitchy residue known as residuary gum, which is separated fro~n the fatty substances in the manufacture of stearic acid for what are known as star candles or for other purposes.] INKsTABDSSamuel Darling, of Bangor, Me. : I claim an inkotaud, with a dipping cup and reservoir, arranged and constructed substantially as described. BuRGLARS ALARMA. W. Decrow of Bangor, Me.: I do not claim, broadly, an alarm bell attached to or connected by mechanism with a till or drawer, so that an alarm will be sounded when the drawer is opened, for such devices have been previously used. But I claim the slides, D N F, tumblers. G H I, bar or bolt, J, and an alarm formed of the clock move- ment, C, and bell, P combined and arranged to oper- ate substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I further claim the particular manner, as shown, of operating the tumblers, G H I, from the slides, B N F. to wit, by means of the oblique ledges, n, formed on the slides and the adjustable pins, p, which pass through the tumblers, whereby the tumblers are not only actuated, but changes also allowed to be made, so as to require a va~lug movement of the slides in order to throw back the bolt, J I also claim connecting the tumbler, G, and bolt, J, with a bar, L, substantially as shown, to serve as a check or supplemental device to give an alarm, in case an attempt is made to open the drawer by force, or otherwise without tampering with the slides, P N F. [This invention consists in arranging a sines of slides and tumblers with a bolt and an alarm move- ment, whereby an alarm will be sounded, when an at- tempt is made to open the till, without having recourse to the bolt that locks it, or by actuating it in an im- proper wpy. The invention is designed to effectually prevent the tills of store counters being suddenly open- ed and rifled by adroit thieves, when the back of the proprietor or clerk is turned, a species of sharp practice of daily occurrence in large cities.] MACHINES ~oz SORTING SILK OR OTHER Tn EAD AC- CORDING TO ITS SizEIra Dimock, of Mansfield Center, Coun.: I claim, first, A device by which the varying thickness of the thread is made to shift a traversing guide or its equivalent,to distribute the thread upon a winding apparatus according to its thickness, consisting of two surfaces, one of which is caused to receive a re- ciprocating motion through the a~eucy of variations in the thickness of the thread passing between them; whether the said surfaces consist of the peripheries of an eccentric wheel and roller, as represented in the drawing and described, or have any other form which permits of their operation in an equivalent manner. Second, The movable carriage, T, with its opening, 7 and notches, 7 7, applied in combination with the series of spools, 51 52 51, and the bobbin, ID, or winder on which the thread has been distributed and arranged according to its size or thickness, and operating sub- stantially as described to stop the winding operation as the unwinding of th hreadfrom said bobbin or winder varies beyond certain parts thereof. [A notice of this improvement is given in another column.] CIGAR WRAFF sHenry Durell, of Morrisania, N. Y. : I do not claim converting the fibrous or ligneous parts of the tobacco plant into sheets or leaves. But I claim the removal of the coloring and flavor of the plant by means described.theis reducing to pulp and thence to paper the fibrous or woody parts of the plant in any known way, aud then re-charging said paper with the solution or volatile matters previously re- moved therefrom in order to prepare said paper to be used as wrappers for segars. MACHINES FOR WASHING CoALJ. P. Evans, of Borough of Hazelton, Pa. : I claiIn, first, Forming a series of slits, D, at the lower end of the corrugations, C 2, next the triangular openings, C I, so as to enable the thin pieces of slate to discharge themselves auto. maticahly through them, substantially as described. Second, I claim the combination and arrangement of a tappet or tappets, E, with and in the relation to the corrugated bottom, C 2, of the chutes, C, aufithe slits, D, and triangular openin0s, C i, at the lower ends of the same over which they are suspended, as set forth, the said tappet or tappets being provided with adjusta- ble weights, G, to regulate their resistance to the coal, substantially in the manner and for the purpose before described. Third, I claim the arrangement of the upright pipe. N, and right angled perforated pipe, P, at its losver end in the relation to the corrugated bottoms of the chutes described, said perforations being formed on the lower portion of its periphery as stated for subjecting the coal to a thorough washing in its descent, as set forth. [This is a very simple and efficient machine for washing coal.] PUMPSS. II. Gray, of Bridgeport, Coun.: I claim having the upright or stand B, of the pump handle pro- vided with a claw or hook, a, at one side of its lower end, and having a bolt, c. pass through the lower part of the upright or stand, the bolt being provided with a curved or hook-formed head, d, the above parts being used in connection with flanch, a, on the upper end of the pump cylinder, as and for the purpose set forth. I further claim, in connection with the upright or siand, B, the cover, C, arranged as shown, so that it may be secured to the cylinder, A, by the upright or stand, as shown and described. [The handle of this pump is adjusted in such a way relatively with the spout as to lessen the cost of con- struction, and ensure better working. It will be found a great improvement in hand reciprocating pumps.] PusipsFoster Henshaw, of Washington, B. C.: Having fully described the construction and operation of my improved pump, and disolaiming any such de- vice as represented in the patent granted to John Tap- ley, what I claim is, first, Operating the piston by a curved slot, posoessing the characteristic feat- ures described and arranged or formed in a vibrat- ing handle, substantially as set forth. Second, In the construction of lifting pumps, the combination of three or more valves, arranged and op- crating as before described. Third, The arrangement of washes. I I, formed as specified, with the series of valves, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. Fourth, Casting in the ~vell pipe a series of steps, es- sentially as described. APPARATUS FOR APPLYING Sonzs To BOOTS AND SHOESJacob Jenkins, of Chanlestown, Mass. : I do not claim an elastic bed and a sole adjusting cavity or space, nor do I claim constructing such sole adjusting davity with adjusting sides or jaws, as such have been the subjects of claim in another application for a patent which I have made. But I claim the application of the rocker jaws or jaw- holders to the elastic bed, whereby the latter when forced downward is made to draw thejaws towards one another in manner as explained. I also claim the combination of the elastic cushion or sole pressure with the elastic bed, A, and a mechanism for forcing the shoe down upon the said bed. I also claim the combination of the rocker-bearer, H, and its screws I I, with the holding lever ,or its equi- valent, and to operate therewith, substantially as speci- fied. I also claim the contrivance shown in Figs. 7 Sand 9, - and as above described, to be used in manner and for the purpose specified. DENTIsTS CIfAIRsAlex. M. Holmes, of Mornisyille, N. Y. : I claim, first, The foot-rest, 0, arran0ed with the slides, j j, racks, n, pinious m, and pails, o, substan- tially as described. Second. The supplemental back, P, attached to links q, which are fitted in the slot, p, of the back, c, and ac- tuated by the set screw, s, substantially as set forth. Third, The adjustable head rest formed of the slide, u, pinion. w, plates, Q R, and a b, arranged relatively to each other and applied to the back, c, substantially as set forth. [The standard of this chains formed of two parts con- nected by a universal joint, and arranged with a clamp of novel construction: the standard is also connected to a revolving base. The chair is also provided with an adjustable foot rest, an adjustable head rest, and supplemental back, the whole being arranged so that the body of the chair may be rotated and also inclined in any direction, and secured in varying pesitious, that the operator may place the patient in the position most comfortable and conducive to the success of the opera- tien with great facility.] SMUT MACHINESHiram Hopkins, of Evansville, Ind. : I am aware that scourers have been constructed in various ways and used in connection with blast spouts, and I therefore do not claim separately any of the parts irrespective of the construction and arrange- ment of parts ebown and described. But I claim tbs scourer constructed of the vertical bars, F, provided with radial projections. h, at their inner sides, aud the arms, H, provided with ledges, K, and attached to the shaft, B, when said scourer thus constructed is enclosed by a box. M, and arranged rela- tively with the blast spouts, J K L, and fan, B, to op- erate as and for the purpose set forth, [In this machine a pseuhiar scourer is employed in connection with blast spouts and a fan, so that the ef- fectual cleaning of the grain from omut and other im- pnrities and foreign substances will be easily and per- fectly performed.] WASHING MACHINEH. R. June, of Miliport, N. Y.: I claim the combination of the revolving rubber, C, having alternate slats, fi fi fi, and receding boards, ft. as described with the rubber, N, constructed and oper- ating in the manner specified. I also claim the elastic pivot rod, m, operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth. NEEDLES FOR KNITTING MACHINEsJ. K. Kilbourn, of Pittsfield, Mass., and N. N. Khlbourn, of Norfoik, CoHn. : We claim the improved knitting needle having a sceondary groove in its stem, substantially as set forth. MACHINE FOR CUTTING METAL BARSB. R. Knowles, of Center Groton, Coun.: I claim the bed piece, A, pro- vided with the clamp, B, block or rest, C, slide. B, hav- ing the cutting tool, N, attached and connected with the lever, G, in combination with the ant atic fe fi movement formed of the adjustable lever, H, pails, I, ratchet, J, and screw shaft, K, connected with the block or rest, C, the whole being arranged to operate conjointly as and for the purpose set forth. [The object of this invention is to obtain a portable machine, and one that may be operated by a small ex- penditure of power, for cutting metal bars transversely with a clean, smooth cut. The invention is designed for the use of blacksmiths, repairers of railroads, and others, who cannot employ large machinery for such purposes. It consists in attaching a proper cutting tool to a reciprocating slide, which is connected with a lever, and fitted in a rest, which has an antomatie feed movement given it by the motion of the lever.] Bausu CYLINDERS FOR SPREADERS, COTTON GINS, & C.A. M. Lamphem, of Gloucester, N, J. : I am asyare that metallic fans have been used on the ends of cylindrical brush in the cotton gin, as described in N. Carvers patent, and I am also aware that brushes have been arranged around the periphery of the end of the cylinder, aud that such an arrangement was patented by B. B. Gullet, in 1818, but while I believe I can prove priority of invention over Gullet, I deem my arrange- ment essentially different from an improvement upon his, ao it combines the advantages of the fans of Carver, with the protection against fire attained by Gullet. I therefore claim the brushes on time ends of the cylinder when arranged substantially as above descrioed, for the purpose of preventing the filaments of cotton or other fibrous substance from becoming entangled in the jour- nals and for preventing accidents by fire. SELF-ACTING WAGON BRAREA. Larrowe, of Coboc- too, N. Y. : I am aware that self-acting brakes having a wedge-shaped rubber for self-tightening on the for- ward motion of the wa~ou, and self-releasing on the backward motion are not new, such therefore I do not claim. But I claim constructing the rubbers with the flanges on each side operating loosely in grooves in bar, B, and resting on springs, h, for allowing the rubber to rise upon an inclined plane, and relieve the friction of the wheels when hacking the wagon and for replacing the rubbers, the whole operating as described and for the purposes set forth. HoRsE SuozJohn Maddock, of Bloomington, Ill. I claim a nailess horseshoe, provided with hugs, a, on their equivalents formed on the upper side of the sole, A, when used in connection with corresponding pro- jections, b, formed on the inner side of the upper flange B the former being made tofu cavities formed in the heroes hoof, and the latter into grooves, c, formed for their reception in the sole, A, the whole being con- structed and secured together in the manner and for the purposes substantially as set forth. CANAL BOATJohn MeCansland, of Kingston, N. Y., and Jefferson MoCauslarid and James MeCausland, of Esopus. N. Y.: What we claim in the construction of canal boato and other flat-bottomed and vertical- sided vessels is, first, Interposing the bilge tiubers be- tween the floor timbers and the side timbers, substan- tially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, Beveling the edge of the bilge timbers and forming a face on either side of the beveled face for the fitting on of the bilge plank in a gradually rounding line, as described. Third, The second dovetail in the side timbers, with the chock between the dovetailed faces and the bilge timber, as an arrangement of means foradding strength to the vessel, as set forth. MACHINES FOR CUTTING GRASS, & C.C H. McCor- mick, of Chicago, Ill. : Biselaiming such combination of guard fingers and sickle as is shown in Jonathan Reads machine, patented March 12, 1842, what I claim is the combination of the sickle, having the scolloped or indented edge and serrated teeth, with a continuous series of fingers having the back reversed angles for supporting the grain or grass to be cut to the edge of the sickle both above and below the edge on above the edge only, substantially as described. I also claim cutting out the middle of the upper pant of the fingers that project over the sickle, as described in combination svith the vibrating sickle, as described for the purpose specified. HARYEsTERSMeChintock Young, Jr., of Frederick, Md. : I claim the combination of the handle, J, shaft, ID, arm, L, pitman, M, and guide, N, or their equiva- lents, when arranged and operated substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified. I also claim making the gatherers, F, adjustable on the arms, N, of the reel, as and for the purpose speci- fied. MODE OF PREvENTING NUTS FROM UNSCREWINGS. Noblet, of Halifax, Pa. : I claim preventing bolt beads or nuts from turning by inserting below them a flexi- ble metallic washer, one end of which is turned against the head or nut, and the other held immovable in place, substantially as described and represented. CHURNAndrew Ralston, of West Middleton, Pa. I claim the arrangement of the openings, o and v, in the circular part of the fan on beater case, the valve, x, the gathering valve, h, the conductor, u, the whole being arranged and combined as described and repre- sented for the purpose specified. LAMPSC. Reichmann, of Philadelphia, Pa. : I claim in combination with the lamp, the slotted open bell shaped cap m, when so constructed, arranged and open- a~ing as to ahlow,light to be deflected downward, sub- stantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth and explained. ROTARY HARRowsJabez Robins, of Boston, Mass.: I am aware that loaded frames or weights have been previously used and applied to rotating harrows, and I therefore do not claim broadly such device. But I claim the two harrows, A C, placed one within the other, and connected by the concave rollers, d, and bead, 1, in connection with the draft beam, B, and frames, N F, provided with thG rollers or weights, G H, the whole being arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth. [This invention consists in the employment of two annular rotatiugharnows, placed one within the other, connected in a peculiar way, and provided with weights and a draft beam, the whole being arranged so as to obtain a very simple and efficient implement.] WATER WNEELAlpha Smith, of Sanquont, N. Y.: I am aware that curved buckets have been used and ap- plied to horizontal water wheels in various ways; and I am aware also that buckets have been placed between conical shells. 1 therefore do not claim broadly the parts above named. But I claim constructing the buckets, C, with ledges or prominences, d, the buckets being curved, and fitted between the shells, a fi, which form the body of the wheel, A, and arranged relatively therewith, substan- tially as and for the purpose set forth. [In this wheel the buckets are of curved form, and are provided with ledges or projections, arranged so that each individual bucket will virtually consist of a series of buckets, against which the water will act suc- cessively in its passage through the wheel, and a cor- responding relative speed be observed between the water and the wheel at all points.] ROTARY VALVE FOR STEAM ENGINES Thomas Stewart, of do not claim general ly a notary valve for the induction and eduction of steam. Neither do I claim generally mountiub an indepen- dent cut-off upon the upper side of a valve. But first, I claim making a rotary valve with an in- dependent cut-off applied thereto, constructed, arranged and operating subsiantially in the manner set forth. Second, I claim censtructing the said rotary valve with two or more sets of ports or ways therein, as de- scribed, for the induction and eduction of the steam, so as to enable me to cut off the said steam at any re- quired part of the stroke, without producing any con- nection with the opposite side of the piston when the steam is cut off short, as set forth and described. RoTARY HARRoWsSahathiel S. Thompson, of Hel- hens Corners, Ind. : I am aware that rotary harrows have been previously invented, and I therefore do not claim broadly rotary toothed wheels for such purpose. But I claim attachlug the toothed wheels, B B, to the frame, A, formed of the bars, fi fi, hinged together on connected at their front ends by a swivel joint, a, and having their back parts attached to bars, e e con- nected by a pivot, f, and secured in proper position by the segmento, g and pins, g, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. [Two harrow wheels are attached to a frame con- structed and arranged in a novel way, svhereby the wheels may be adjusted in a perfectly horizontal plane, so that they will, as the implement is drawn along, remain stationary, on have no notary motion, and also rendered capable of being adjusted more or less in an inclined position, so as to obtain, by the draft movement, a greaten or less rapid rotation of the wheels, as may be desired.] Ev ET FASTENINGS FOR LAnus S m~IRT5W. 5. Thomson, of New York City: I claim the use of the H-shaped washer or fastener, or equivalent, in combi- nation with an eyelet, as a means of fastening together the straps and hoops of elastic skirts, substantially as set forth. COTTON GuNsJohn L. Tuttle, of Bnidesbungh. Pa.: I claim so csmbinin0 a toothed cylinder with an open breast, that allows the fiber to pass through it, but holds back the seeds2 as that the cylinder shall work against the edge of said open breast, and carry the fiber past it, whilst time seeds shall roll up a0ainet the sur- face of said breast, and draw the lint tuat has not been taken from them up through the openings, whence they are turned over, and returned again and again by the action of the cylinder to the breast until divested of all their fiber, substantially as described. CORN PLANTERSCharles Van Houten, of Sunbury, Ohio: I claim first, The employment of the hinged, adjustable and lateruilly sliding hopper, and share frames, N, furnished with a spring stop or catch, M, in combination with a long transverse pinion, 5, and the propehing axle, C, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. Second, The combination of time hinged grated apron, J, with the sub-soiling covering shares, I, and furnosv opener, H, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. [In this machine the grain can be planted regularly in hills on drills, each grain being conducted into the soil by a channel in the bettom of the hopper and a narrow tube leading from the same to the ,,ronnd. After the corn is planted it is covered with light pul- verized soil by shares which subsoil, and have a pul- verizing grated apron attached to them. The corn tubes and hoppers can be adjusted very readily out of operation. We regard the whole arrangement as a good one for planting corn.] MACHINE FOR CUTTING VEusEERSGilbert Biohop, of Fairfield, CoHn., assignor to Edward White, of New York City: I claim first, The cutting of veneens from opposite sides of the log, by knives, arranged and open- atm,, in opposite directions, so as to cut with the grain of the wood. Second, The construction and arrangement of the diagonally-faced side pieces. B B B, and the slid- ing frames, g g g, in connection with the knives, so as to give the thrust of the knives into the center of the log, and thus cut the veneer clear from the log. Third, The arrangement of the wheels, II H, in combination and connection with the sliding frames and knives. so as to produce the drawing cut at the same time that the knives are being thrust in upon the log. Fourth, The combination and arrangement of cam, 19, the pair of bars, 13, 14, the connecting rod, 12, and vibrating arm, 11, and pawl and ratchet, so as to open- ale in the manner described, to raise or lower the feed screws. 26 ( r6~ 27~, dcntif~c ~n~c~ic~n+ APPARATUS FOR COLORING PAPER, & o.Charles Williams, of Philadelphia Pa. I claim distributing or laying the color in the process of marbling or color- sngpaper, by means of an apparatns constrncted so as to operate substantially in the manner and for the pur- pose described. SKATE IRO sC. A. Williams, Robert Williams and G. A. Morse, of Bloomfield, Me.: We do not claim that portion of the studs included bets eon the runner and the wood. We do not claim the collar, C, nor the nut, N. Nor do we claim any heel spur which is not a contin- uation of a stud that is solid to the runner. But we claim that portion of skate studs (solid to their runners) above the collars, C, upon which is cut the screw thread, T, in the manner and for the pur- poses substantially as set forth in the description. GAS BURNERSA. H. Wood, of Boston, Mass.: I am aware that metallic plates or spreaders have been at- tached to oil lamps, for the purpose of facilitating the capillary attraction, and thereby aiding combustion, but metallic plates or spreaders which conduct the heat to a bight above and be ond the orifice of the burner have never heretofore teen attaclsedto gas burners, and consequently I shall claim the combination with a gas burner, of the metallic spreaders or flanges, con- structed as described. This arrangement of the spread- ers has the effect of conducting the particles of coal tar, & c., that~obstruct the orifices of gas burners as usually constructed, to the points of extreme heat, which in this case are in the flanges or spreaders, instead of in the orifice itself, as in other gas burners thereby draw- ing, asit were, all the impurities from the orifice of the burner, and consuming them on the spreaders or flanges, leaving a kind of ashes upon the same, which can readily be removed. I claim the combination with a gas burner of metal- lic fian~es or spreaders, arranged near and above the orifice of the burner, as described, for the purpose of spreading the flame and consuming the impurities of the gas, whereby the orifice is kept clear, as set forth, and this I claim whether the conducting rods be used or not. SAW MILLJohn Peinberton, deceased, late of Jones- borough, md., assignor to Lemuel Pemberton, of said Jonesborough: I do not claim as new the devices below enumerated, but simply their relative arrangement, as specified, for the purposes set forth, to witI first, The roller, T, ropes, land u, to raise the bars, M and M, in combination with the pin, b, slide, X, lever, w, bar, N, and rock shaft, P, with its arms, rod, q~ and lever, q, the whole being so constructed and arranged as to throw the feeding out, and the backing devices into gear, by operating the lever, e, and move the gate or valve to reduce ths speed of the mill at the proper time, or after the saw cuts through the log. Second, The arms, J, rock shaft, 5, and bar, 5, in combination with the projection or stop, e, connected to the lever, E, or its equivalent, to turn the ratchet wheel shaft and traverse the rack to set the log, as de- scribed, Third, The ratchet wheel, F, bent lever and pawi, Gin combination with the pin, f, or its equivalent, in the lever, F, to stop the ratchet wheels when they have nioved far enough, so as to prevent the log from being moved too far when it is set for a new cut. Fourth, The pin, n, in the head block, and slide, K, in combination with the lever. W, which releases the hook, V , to let M M descend to increase the speed of the mill, as described. Fifth, The rod, a, and stop, L, in combination with the slide, Y, and lever, U, so constructed and operated as to hold up the bar, M, after the log is sawed, and prevent it from descending and increasing the speed of the mill, and at the same time stop the apparatus which sets the log. TEA POTSWilliam Austin, (assignor to himself and William Obdyke), of Philadelphia, Pa. : I do not de- sire to claim the use of an interior casing for confining the tea in the inside of the same. But I claim the plunger or presser ID in combination with the interior casing, B, the whale heing arrranged in the manner set forth, or any equivalent to the same, and for the purpose specified. AUTOMATIC PAPER FEEDER FOR PEe cisc PRESSES William Bullock, (assignor to George W. Taylor~, of Newark, N. J. : I claim operating the hands, or their equivalents, which effect the feeding of the sheet of paper in manner substantially as set fuirib, so that they have a greater capacity for moving this sheet than is necessary for the purpose. I also claim controlling the operation of the hands, or their equivalents, upon the sheets of paper, by mechanism whose operation is dependent upon this po- sition of the sheet being fed, so that the length of time during which this hands, or their equivalents, are per- mitted to act upon each sheet of paper does not bear any fixed relation to this movements of this other parts of the printing press. I also claim intermitting the operation of the hands, or their equivalents, upon this paper, while the latter is being drawn into the press by mechanism acting sub- stantially as set forth. I also claim effecting this progressive movement of the pile of paper by mechanism whose operation is de- pendent upon the position of the pile, substantially as set forth. I also claim the combination of the flap guides and noERles, or their equivalents, for stopping the move- mont of the forward edge of the sheet, and for releas- ing the same, in the manner described. I also claim moving sheets of paper by automatic rubbing hands, or their equivalents, constructed sub- stantially as set forth. I also claim operating the stop cocks of the air cylin- der and the flap guides by a cam, or its equivalent, whose movement is coincident with or bears a fixed re- lation to the movement of the fingers which draw the paper into the press. SEWING MAOmNEsJonas Hinkley, of Huron, Ohio, assi,nor to himself and F. A. Wilfiman, of Norwalk, Ohio: I claim, first, The method of operating the feed- ing arm or cloth mover, by the combined action of the pivoted bow, K, pressing lever, N, flexing strap, 0, and vibrating plate, B, or its equivalent, as set forth. Second, Mounting the vibrating plate B, which im- parts motion to the loop-forming hook and feeding mechanism, upon spring arms, n, arranged at right angles to a longitudinal spring, H, for balancing said plate in its vibration. Third, Mounting the spool, T, upon a spindle having elliptical-shaped springs, which extend into and through the eye of the spool, as and for the purposes specified. MACHINES FOR PRoSING Boovs AND SHoEsB. F. Sturtevant (assignor to himself and Elmer Townsend), of Boston, Mass. : I claim, first, Causin~ the hammer to descend each time a peg is driven a short distance below the stationary rest, for this purpose of compress- ing the soles; as set forth, and of relieving the shoe from contact with the rest, that it may be fed forward, as described. Second, The arrangement of the hammer, Xl, and stationary rest, II, constructed and operating as de- scribed, in connection with the weighted lever, as set forth. Third, I claim the pecular holder, p, for the blank, the same having several knife sd~ss lying in the direc lion of the feed, operating in the manner set forth, to hold the last peg of the blank whilst it is being sepa- rated from the one oreceeding it. Fourth, And in combination with the holder, p, I claim the pawi, Al, operating upon several points of the blanks, in the manner set forth, for the purpose specified. Fifth, I claim sawing off the pegs in the machine by a saw operating tnt- and through the trough through which this pegs are fed. Sixth, I claim the spring, p2, in the end of the trough operating as described, for the purpose specified. RE-aSS S. TAoia~msJoel Bryant, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Dated April 7, 1857: I claim the construction and use of winches, whose bosses or drums, turned by cog wheels, operate in connection With certain sheaves, wheels or pulleys, for carrying, operating and sustaining the fall or tackle used in hoisting or lowering the sails or cargo of vessels on shipboard, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth. RAILROAD CAR SEATJ. B. Creighton, of Tiffin, Ohio. Batsd May 18, liii: I claim the employment of the movable backs of car seats, when used for the psir- pose of filling up the spaces between the seats, so that a bed may be formed, and thjs I claim whether accom- plished in the manner shown or in any other manner substantially the same, whereby the same result is ac- complished. Second, The described method of forming and con- cealing, when not in use, in the spaces between the windows, an upper tier of beds, the same in arrange- ment with the device constituting the subject of the first claim. TREATING ScxrmcRErSAlfred Monnier, of Camden, N. J. Dated August 11th, 1857; re-issued October 6th, 1817 : I claim the process of treating native metallic suiphurets or arsenical suiphurets, in connection with the substances above described, in order to expel all or part of the sulphur and arsenic, for the purpose of obtaining therefrom sulphuric acid, and the metals as suiphates or oxyds. DESIGN. STovEsG. Smith and H. Brown (assignor to North, Chase & North), of Philadelphia, Pa. Destroying Grain Insects. Agricultural science is perhaps the molt important of all others, because we are depen-. dent upon its results for the very Stamina of life, and no subject in relation to it is of more general interest than the one which forms the topic of these remarks. The labors of the husbaudman are frequently rendered abortive by the ravages of tiny insects, which devour his grain in the fields, destroy the fruit of his toil, and blast his hopes of an abundant har- vest. The two most destructive of these in- sects are the Hessian fly, and the wheat-midge or red weevil. The ravages of the latter have been very destructive in some sections of our country during the present year. The attacks of both are confined to grain in the fields. The means which should be employed by far- mers to prevent or mitigate their depreda- tions are described by the distinguished State entomologist of New York, Dr. A. Fitch, also by Professor Hind, of Toronto, C. W., in his prize essay of 1857. There is another wheat insect which is of- tentimes very destructive to grain in heaps, namely, the true weevil (calcsndra ,gs-anu.ria), and as the crops are now being gathered into the garner, our remarks will be chiefly confined to it. This weevil is a sort of small beetle, brown in color, having a slender body, and is about one-eighth of an inch long. The female lays her eggs in the wheat in the granary, and a single pair will produce six thousand descend- ants in one year. The young burrow in the kernels of the grain, consume the contents, and leave only the shells. So secretly are their operations conducted, that it is impossi- ble to detect them by the simple inspection of the wheat. On throwing a handful of the grain into a bucket of water, those attacked with the insect will float, while the sound grains will sink, and in this manner their preseiice will be discovered. After a female weevil has deposited an egg in a grain, she closes the puncture with a glutinous substance of the same color as the husk, hence the diffi- culty of detecting the presence of this depre- dator when in its las-pus state. As one of these insects can be the means f destroying six thousand grains in a storehouse in a sea- soim, some conception will be formed of its means of destruction. On the approach of very cold weather, de- veloped weevils retire from the wheat, and seek shelter in crevices where they remain in a torpid state. They are not so destructive in the cold as in the warmer sections of our country, where certain methods for their de- strnufion are more urgent and necessary. Timey avoid light, hence, if the wheat is kept in well-lighted granaries and frequently turn- ed over, much will be done towards checking their operations. Authors, howevcr, who have devoted much attention to their habits, have asserted that kiln-drying the wheat is the only effectual means of destroying them. It has also been recently recommended that wheat for storing up should be submitted to the action of a smut machine, to receive a thorough scouring, in order to rub off the glue with which the female conceals the punc-.1 tures made for her eggs. The admission of air into these small holes, it is stated, destroys the germinating powers of the eggs. It seems reasonable to us that by submitting wheat to a scouring pfocess, then heating it ill a kiln up to a temperature of about 1200 or 130~ Fab., it would he completely protected from the destructive effects of. this insect in gran- aries. A correspondent of the American Farmers Magazine asserts that the weevil, midge, Hes- sian fly and rust may be exterminated from wheat by preparing it for sowing, as follows Wash the wheat thoroughly in several waters in a tub, stirring it well until the water runs off clear. After this take two quarts of caus- tic lime to every bushel of grain, and mix it well with the wet wheat in the tub. The amount of water in the tub should just cover the grain, which must be left to soak for twelve hours. This limo lye kills all the seeds of the insects, and the wheat is then render- ed fit for sowing by turning it over among dry wood ashes on the barn floor, and using, a pound of the flour of sulphur to each bushel. It is stated that the sulphur protects the grain from the attacks of vermin, while the alkali dissolves the insect ova in the seed. Wheat thus prepared has yielded large crops in New England. We have seen this grain prepared for sowing by various modes, such as salt brine, lime and ashes, but we like the above method better than any hitherto known to us. Farmers residing in sections subject to the attacks of the Hessian fly, who do not sow fall wheat until October, should give this method of preparing it a trial. It cannot in- jure the grain, and we believe it will be the means of greatly benefiting it. Preservation of Fruits. As at this season of the year we have fre- quent inquiries respecting the best manner of preserving vegetables and fruit, we will pre- sent something which, we think, will be of benefit to many of our readers. A common way of preserving green corn to make succo- tash during winter is to boil it slightly in the ear, then remove the kernels from the cobs with a knife, dry them by a slow heat, and pack in tight cans. The same practice has been pursued with Lima beans, & c. A friend informs us that greencorn, peas, Lima beans, tomatoes and various other vegetables, can be preserved without the use of tight cans and in a superior manner by drying them slowly at a low heat in the shade, until all their moisture has been evaporated, after which they are placed in stone ware or glass jars, and put away in a dry pantry. The best method of carrying out the operation is to place such vegetables in shallow earthenware plates, and arrange them around a stove until they (the vegetables) are thoroughly dried. They should be steeped for an hour in warm water before they are cooked. Most of the vegetables employed in cookery may be thus preserved, and retain all their original flavor. Peaches, plums and such like fruit may be preserved in good condition as follows :The fruit (which must be perfectly sound) is placed in air tight self-regulating cans, then boil- ing hot sirup made in the proportions of one pound of white sugar to one pint of water is poured in up to the top covering all the fruit. For a few seconds air globules will rise to the surface ; when these cease ascending, the covers are put on the cans, which are then put away in a cool, airy place. Fruit or veget- ables preserved by sirups and put up in tin vessels do not have such a good flavor as those which are put up in stoneware vessels at least this is our experience. At a late meeting of the Cincinnati Horti- cultural Society, this subject formed an inter- esting feature in the proceedings. One mem- ber stated that he had found it beneficial to gather his fruit in the morning while it was cool, and to keep it in an airy place. Pears should be gathered before they were fully ripe, and allowed to mature after picking, in a cool, clean cellar, in such a position as not to press upon one another. Another member stated that he had tried two methods of pre- serving pears.; one was by packIng them with oats in barrels; the other by wrapping each in a piece of dry paper, and placing them in boxes in the same manner that oranges are packed for shipping. This was found to be far the best system. Another memberMr. Buchananstated that he had the Virginia greening apple perfectly sound at that time (August). It was of last years growth, and was put away in a tin-box in a cool, dark cellar. It was generally conceded that fruit kept best in a cool, dark situation. Mois- ture, light, and heat are active agents to cause and promote vegetable decomposition; fruits for preservation should therefore be secluded from such influences. A correspondent (C. Campbell) of the Ame- rica Agriculfserisf describes the following method, which has been successfully pursued by him for preserving grapes. The clusters all sound and fully ripeare carefully placed in open shallow boxes, about six inches deep, with a sheet of dry paper between each layer. They are then set in a dry, airy place, and ,thus kept for ten days, during which period they sweat, and the moisture passes off. The lids are now put on tight, and the boxes set in a dry, cool place, where the grapes will not freeze. Grapes thus treated and packed will keep fresh all winter. It is asserted tu be a superior mode of preserv- ing to that of packing them in dry bran or between layers of cotton wadding. Cnrrant Wine. In answer to the request of a correspond- ent, we give the following recipe. Bruise eight gallons of red currants with one quart of raspberries. Press out the juice, and to the residuum after pressure, add eleven gal- I ions of cold water. Add two pounds of beet root sliced as thin as possible, to give color, and let them infuse, with frequent stirring, for twelve hours; then press out the liquor as before, and add it to the juice. Next dissolve twenty pounds of raw sugar in the mixed li- quor, and three ounces of red tartar in powder. In some hours the fermentation will com- mence; when this is complete, add one gallon of brandy, let it stand for one week and then rack off and let it stand two months. It may now finally be racked oW and placed in a cool cellar where it will keep for years. The cider white wine is a pleasant beverage; here is the recipe. Mix sixteen gallons of apple juice, sixteen pounds of honey, four ounces of white tartar, enclose in a bag one ounce each of cinnamon, cloves and mace, and sus- pend them in the wine while fermenting. When this fermentation is complete, add one gallon of rum. Poison of the Common Toad. It is an ancient and common opinion that toads and salamanders possess a subtle venom; this, however, has been generally deemed fabulous by those engaged in scientific pur- suits. MM. Gratiolet and Cloes, in a report to the French Academy, show that there is in reality some foundation for the common be- lief, and that toads and salamanders do secrete a deadly poison. These gentlemen innocu- lated small animals with the milky fluid con- tained in the dorsal and parotid pustules of these animals, and found it productive of fatal effects in a short space of time. A, turtle- dove slightly wounded in the wing and inocu- lated with the liquid secreted by the sala- mander, died in terrible convulsions in eight minutes. Five small birds inoculated with the lactescent humor of the common toad, died in five or six seconds, but without con- vulsions. The liquid of the pustule of the toad, even after being dried, kills birds, though not with the same rapidity as when fresh. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. We have to thank Commander Thomas J; Page, U. S. N., for a beautifully colored map of the basin of La Plata, being the result of his recent surveys. This m~chine is intended for re-sawing boards of any thickness into siding, and planing, jointing and sawing the siding or laphoards at one operation. In our engravings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine, and Fig. 2 a transverse vertical section, both combined fully illus- trating the invention. The whole of the parts are enclosed in a frame, A, the saw, C, being at one end with its guard, m. D is a~ frame, which is placed transversely on the frame, A, and attached to I 447 supported by uprights, Is, and each is pressed against the stuff by a spring and screw and hand wheel, J. On the plate, G, is a vertical cutter head, Is, provided with the necessary cutters, and forming a rotary planer. The lower end of the shaft of this planer, 1, is stepped in a stirrup, in, which is attached to the underside of G. On the plate, H, are a series of rollers, L, fitted in suitable bearings, the lower end of the axes pass through the plate, H, and terminate in a bevel wheel, 0; these gear into corresponding wheels, p, placed on a shaft, J, and rotated from the band wheel, L, the shaft, K, of which is supported in bearings, q. L is driven by the belt, M (Fig. 1), from 0, that derives its motion from one of the band wheels, Q, M (Fig. 2), be- ing the band wheel shaft, the wheel, s~, on which is geared by the lever and sliding wheel, 0. P P are shafts placed one above the other, and having on them the cutters, t, which are rotated by the belt, R, passing partly around rollers or belt wheels, i, upon their shafts. N is a band, which rotates the vertical cutter or cutters (for there may be two) to smoothen each side as desired. The handle, f, and bevel wheels, g, in the frame, 5, regulate the distance oetween the horizontal cntters, and the hand wheels, d e, in the frame, a, with their roller, c, all tend to keep the stuff rigid and straight while being operated. The hand wheel, i, tightens the band, R, when neces- sary. The operation is very simple. The stuff is fed to the saw, cut the desired thickness, then the cutters, t, as the rollers move it between them, joint its top and bottom edges, while the vertical planer, Is, smoothens its side, thus turning out a clapboard ready for use by one operation. It is a very valuable and perfect machine, and is the invention of E. H. Titus & John Sharp, of Philipsburgh, N. J., who patented it June 29th, 1858, and who may be addressed for any further information. Sleeping Car Seat. A good arrangement of sleeping car seat was patented a few weeks ago by Mr. J. N. Forrester, of Fairfax Court House, Virginia. In this car seat the bottom and back are ad- justable to an inclined position, and an auxil- liary back and bottom, which are adjustable, and used in connection with the same, said auxilliary back and bottom being arranged below the main bottom and back of the seat. By this arrangement; each of the main bot- toms and backs answer for day use, and at night can be extended on an inclined plane, and thus serve in connection with the auxil- liary bottoms and back as comfortable sleep- ing couches. On the fronts and backs of the seat ratchet teeth and spring pawis are pro- vided so that the backs and bottoms can be adjusted very speedily and retained in what- ever position they may be adjusted. Car Conplings. Mr. J. W. Corey, of Crawfordsville, Ind., has invented a car coupling which provides for the automatic disconnecting or uncoup- ling of the cars in the event of the train run- ning off the track. We regard this as a very simple and perfect arrangement, and by its use many of the sad accidents at draw-bridges, & c., will be prevented, as the preceding car cannot draw the others into the river after it. It was patented last week. (C ~I~1du c~nbcnfirn~+ ~~fjch~ner~s Valve for Steam Engines. This simple and improved valve is of the circular or disciform kind, and is operated with a reciprocating circular motion. Its novelty consists in the arrangement of its ports and passages for the induction and eduction of the steam, whereby a large amount of opening is obtained by a small amount of motion, and it is relieved to a great extent from the pressure of the steam on its back side. In our illustrations Fig. 1 is a vertical sec- tion through the center of the improved valve, steam chest, and a portion of the steam cylin- der, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the valve and steam chest. 0 A represents the valve chest, one of which is placed on either end of the cylinder, B, so as to provide each of the main cylinder ports with a separate valve, a is the main cylinder port, with which the valve chest, A, commu- nicates through a series of equi-distant radial- ly arranged ports, b, in the flat circular valve seat. C is the hollow valve having a circular face, and provided with a large hollow stem, D, which also serves as the exhaust pipe, said stem being perpendicular to its face, and working through a stuffing box in the ch~st, A. This valve contains a series of equi-dis- taut radially arranged ports i, corresponding in number and width with the ports, b, said ports being in form of channels in the exterior of the valve, and communicating with the inter- ior of the steam chest, A, and constituting the induction ports. Besides these, the valve contains a second series of ports, e, midway between spaces, i, and corresponding innum- her and size with the openings, b, said ports communicating with the hollow interior of the valve, and with the hollow stem, D, and constituting the eduction ports. The hollow stem, D, connects by a working joint with one of two branches of the main exhaust pipe of the engine. The operation of the valves is as follows They receive motion through any suitable mechanical contrivance applied to their stems, the distance of said motion being in- versely as the number of the ports, the valve shown having twelve ports, requiring to make one-twelfth part of a revolution, and one with six ports, requiring a sixth part, and so on. The motion takes place quickly, jtsst before the piston arrives at the end of its stroke, and the valve at that end of the cylinder which the piston is approaching, moves to such a position that the ports, e, which have been in communication with Ii, move to a position op- posite to the middle of the spaces between b, and the ports, i, to a position opposite to the ports, b, thereby opening communication from the valve chest to the cylinder, and at the same time as the valve at the one end of the cylinder makes this movement, that at the opposite end of the cylinder makes a move- ment precisely the reverse, and changes its position from that last described to that pre- viously described, thus permitting the exhaust of the steam from that end of the cylinder through the ports, b and e, and through the hollow stem, D, of the valve. When the pis- ton arrives near the other end of the stroke each valve has the same movement its fellow had at the end of the previous stroke, that is to say, moves back to the position it previous- ly occupied. In this manner the movement continues, the valves being stationary the greater portion of the stroke, and movingin opposite directions alternately, as the piston arrives at the end of its stroke, and lhrough the employment of several ports in the valve and seat, a very small amount of movement is necessary to produce a given aggregate amount of openings in the ports, and by making the valve with a hollow stem of large diameter, a large portion of its surface is re- lieved from the pressure of the steam. This improved valve was patented the 12th of Janu try, 1858, and any further informa- tion desired may be obtained by addressing the inventor, W. R. Michener, of Marlboro, Stark co., Ohio. 28 TITUS & SHARPS SAWING MACHINE. it by pivots, on which ft can oscillate freely, and underneath D a shaft, E, is placed, hav- ing two cams, b, upon it, these cams causing the table to assume any desired bevel upon being operated by the handle, F, where the frame can be secured by a pawl and ratchet. On the frame, D, two sliding plates, G H, are placed, and they can be adjusted by two screw rods, I (as shown in Fig. 2), or by a crank handle and screw, Is (as seen in Fig. 1). On the plate, fl, there are placed three verti- cal rollers, having bearings in suitable frames f~. ~ I /I[~ 7~ZJ I ~-rLL= _ I _____ \\5t3t/, vi..L4 HI _ itt it.aflj~ HI _ __ __Lir / Lfl LW L]j jh~~ c~CItfltjfit ~fl~ttjt~OX + NEW YORK, OCTOBER 2, 1858. Steam PropulsionCrank and Paddle Wheel. Thelast number of Hunts Merchants Maga- zine contains an article on the above subject, by H. Boynton, of this city. It is written with much ability, and its tenor is to show that there is an immense loss of power by the oblique actions of the crank and the paddle wheel in steamships. This loss is stated to be about 21 per cent in the crank, and over 55 per cent in the paddle wheel, thus making a total loss of 76 per cent of the steam power exerted on the piston. It is asserted that nearly all this waste of power can be saved by a new sy~tem, called the reciprocating railway oar-truck, parallel propulsion. What this system is remains yet to be shown, as it is not clearly described. Wrong notions are entertained by many persons in reference to the loss of power by the use of the crank, and we consider this a good opportunity of expressing our views upon this subject for the benefit of the general reader. Our acquaintance with the crank, and an investigation of its properties, led us long since to the conclusion that it occasions no loss of power by oblique action, and that it is the most beautiful compensating device ever devised for converting reciprocating into ro- tary motion. Owing to a misapprehension of its action, innumerable substitutes have been devised for it, but they have all yielded to its superiority, even the sun and planet mo- tion of the unequaled Watt. The crank is simply a lever or crooked arm, a well-known device, used from the most ancient times to convert rotary into recipro- cating rectilinear motion, and vice versa. Connected with the piston rod of a steam en- gine, and the rotary paddle sbaft of a steamer (either united with a walking beam or not), the crank and paddle wheel make a revolu- tion while the piston makes one movement forward and another backward in the cylin- der. The crank is in length the radius of the circle it describes, or one-half the length of a single stroke of the engine. It therefore has a definite relative velocity to that of the piston, which is as 100 to 63. For example, while the piston moves through a space of 63 inches, the crank pin moves over a space of 100 inches. It is oblique in its action to be sure, in relation to the direction of the piston, but this involves no loss of power, because its greater velocity makes up the difference. Thus allowing the piston of en engine to have an area of 100 square inches, a pressure of 100 pounds on the square inch, and a double stroke of 63 inches, the power will be 10,000 pounds moved through a space of five feet three inches. If the oblique action of the crank is measured, while the piston makes a double stroke, the pressure on the crank pin will only be 63 pounds to the square inch to each interval of space passed over37 pounds less than the pressure on the piston. This consideration has led many persons to believe that there is thus a great loss of power in the use of the crank. But as 63 pounds pressure on a cranli pin moving over a space of 100 inches is exactly equal to 100 pounds on the piston moving 63 inches, there can be no loss of power in such a case. The relative velocity of the piston to that of the crank is as the spaces passed~through, namely, 2 R to 31415 (very nearly), or 63 to 100. Many persons have entertained the notion that a machine could be made to generate its own power; in other words, a perpetual mo- tion. The idea that a machine can destroy its power independent of the friction of its rubbing surfaces, by oblique action, is but the converse of a perpetual motion; the one is just as correct as the other. Power may be transferred but not annihilated in a machine. There are rectilinear and there are crank Cornish pumping engines, and the latter are just as efficient as the former,. thus showing that the crank does not destroy the power. A fair test of some of these engines has devel- oped the fact that they gave out to within 10 per cent of the steam power applied, and when this amount of friction is allowed for the whole of the engine, it is impossible that more than two er three per cent was taken up by the crank. The crank has two dead points in the revo- lution. This has been held to be a great ob- jection to it; but at these points it does not waste power, because the piston is then at the end of its stroke, and therefore not consuming steam. As the movement of a piston back and forth in a cylinder requires it to be ar- rested and again set in motion, at the end and beginning of every stroke, this would be lia- ble to produce a series of concussions, and great irregularity of motion were it not for the crank. Its greater velocity converts the irregular motion of the steam on the piston into one of great uniformity ; it sweeps smoothly and gracefully past the dead points, especially when aided by a fly wheel, or its substitute, and involves no loss of power by its oblique action. From its nature and mode of action it performs the office of a conveyor and regulator of power. Mr. Boynton is right in stating that there is a great loss by slip in paddle wheels, but in smooth water, with a uniform submerged section of vessel, fifteen, not fifty-five, is al- lowed to be the general slip of steamboats. Thus showing that it is not the oblique action of the paddle wheel, which may be the cause of such a great amount of slip in steamships, as he asserts. Ocean steamers do not afford a true test of the real amount of slip. Owing to head winds, rough seas and heavy cargos the slip varies from 15 to 75 per cent. In severe head winds, even when the engines and paddle wheels are kept in continued mo- tion, it is sometimes impossible for steamers to make any forward progress, the whole of the paddle wheel action is then converted into slip, but this is not owing to their oblique ac- tion. Scott Russell, in his work on steam navigation, presents the accompaning. illus- tration of the action of the paddle wheel while a vessel is in motion, to show that there is not much if any loss of power by concus- sion and lift as the paddles enter and leave the water. The phenomena of a paddle wheel revolving on a steamboat when the vessel is in motion differs essentially from that exhibited when the wheel revolves and the vessel is standing still, as is rendered clear by this diagram. Commencing at the point, o, with the wheel turning on a stationary shaft, the paddle would come successively into the positions, a b a d e f g, but by the shaft advancing forward (as the boat is moved) into the posi- a---~ Dat o feb cn(Le--r -e- ~-Jz viie 0 KNL tions a b a d & c the paddle describes a path in reference to the water which is the result of both motions, and the successive positions it occupies are a A, b B, c C, & c. The paddle describes trachoidal curves ; it is inserted into the water in an angular position closely resembling that of an oar; then it acts hori- zontally for a short period, after which it is withdrawn from the water edgeways, in an easy and elegant manner, which a dexterous rower might try to equal, but which he could hardly excel. Innumerable devibes have been invented to remedy the supposed evils of existing paddle wheels, but none of them have succeeded. Mr. Boynton may have invented a new and useful improvement in steam propulsion, but he has over-estimated the loss of power by the crank and paddle wheel. The screw pro - peller, taking all things into consideration, appears to be the prince of propelling devices yet brought forward, and it remains to be demonstrated whether it or the paddle wheel will be superseded by the reciprocating rail- way oar-truck, parallel propulsion. The New York Evening Post and the Scientific American. The New York Eveiiing Post of the 24th ult. says: The logic of the ScIENTIFIc AMERICAN is not always as good as its science, and its at- tention to the theories of its contemporaries not always as respectful as to the patent theories of its clients. With no disposition to dispar- age the general ability or fairness of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, we desire to remind it of the following instance of palpable misre- presentation, which was doubtl~ss uninten- tional: E~1ENING POST. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. The difficulty of The New York Eve- sending messages rap- ning Post, of the 6th idly depends on cir- inst., assumes that cumitances connected the difficulty with the with the cable itself,and Ocean Telegraph is not not on the instruments; due to the instruments, and this is the point to but to the cable itself. which we invite the This is not a new idea, electricians attention, although it isput forth as Let it be borne in such. mind that we are now urging a well huown law and,therefore,familiar, we presu e, to all the electricians engaged on the cable. We have no desire to misrepresent our co- temporary, the Evening Post, and we are some- what surprised that a journal of its acknow- ledged ability and probity should have resort- ed to mere quibbles in order to blunt the force of our reasoning upon the Science of Ocean Telegraphing. Our logic, it says, is not always as good as our science. Well, let us see. Looking squarely at the above parallel passages, it would seem perfectly clear that we had misrepresented the Post; but instead of this being the fact, we think that we can show that the Post has not only misrepresent- ed itself, but has placed us in a false position before its intelligent readers. It has mis- quoted its own language in a most important particular, by omitting a whole sentence immediately after the words, electricians attention. The writer continues as follows: No increase of power will influence the ve- locity, for the latter is determined by the former. Now, in our opinion, this omitted sentence contains the law which the writer declares to be so well known, and the whole subsequent part of the long article confirms our judgment. It seems to us preposterous to call circumstances connected with the cable a well-known law. If we understand language, these circumstances could not properly receive such an appellation. How can the editor of the Post argue out that a circumstance is a well-known law? We have the authority of Doctor Johnson that it is an adjunct of a fact, while a law is a fact itselfthe cause or principle from which circumstances proceed. If our misre- presentation is so palpable, why did the Post omit the quotation upon which our remarks are founded? Possibly we may have mistaken the writers position in reference to the novelty of the cable idea. He invited the electricians attention to it, and this fact impressed us that he thought it was new. If this is the law he supposed was so familiar to all electricians engaged on the cable, it is almost ridiculous to suppose that they needed to have their at- tention invited to it. Fair of the American Institute. The Thirtieth Annual Fair of the Ameri- can Institute was opened to the public on the evening of the 21st ult. Judge Meigs made the usual inaugural address, and gave a very clear and succinct history of the annual ex- hibitions of this institution, setting forth their objects, namely, the encouragement and im- provement of American manufactures and productive industry. The opening of the Fair had been postponed for a week, to allow exhibitors further time to bring forward their articles, take up their positions, and per- mit of a better general arrangement at the opening than had been usual on like occa- sions previously. We regret to state that the exhibitors have been rather dilatory in com- ing forward, but at the time of our going to press, great activity is beginning to be mani- fested, and a very good Fair is in prospect. The show of agricultural implements is the largest and best that has ever taken place, and so is that of the various fruits. It will be an instructive and entertaining Fair to our farming population. We intend to give this departmentagricultural machinerypartic- ular attention, and notice all improvements deserving special attention. The show of tools, lathes, screw machines, & c., promises to be excellent. There are two lines of shafting for driving machinery, and every facility is afforded for a good display of mechanism. We will not take up space at present in generalizations, as in future num- bers we will enter into particulars. The ex- hibition will continue until the end of Octo- ber. Tue Atlantic Telegraph. The Ocean Telegraph is a marine hebgobliu. After condescending to pass compliments be- tween Her Majesty the Queen and His Excellency President Buchanan upon the success of that event which cost our citizens so much powder and puffing, he grew sulkily silent, and for three whole weeks refused to do a single bit of the business for which he was engaged. A story was set on foot by that old electric eel, Professor Whitehouse, to the effect that this water wizard had become cracked on one of his Irish adventures, and that his keepers had refused to attend to his case, when lo! out he pops from his sub- marine cave at Newfoundland on the 22d nIt., and declared in the most indignant terms that he was neither cracked nor constipated, but had been taking a long and necessarily refreshing snooze, after the severe labor of carrying such weighty responsibilities for two whole days as the niessages (consisting of 158 words) of the two greatest dignitaries of the Old and New Worlds. Like Richard, he was himself again, wide awake, and would be ready, in the very short period of other three weeks, to do the entire li0htning express business between John Bull and his promising descendant, Brother Jonathan. The matter being thus fairly understood, the old fellow took another notion into his head, and on the very next day (the 23d) he declared that it was not him who had spoken on the previous day, but some other fellow for him. He stated he had not waked up yet, and could not tell when he wouldthe lazy old porpoise. We hope King Cyrus will soon give him another field day, and put him through his regimental facings. It is our opinion that he is too slow in his motions to do business for the descendants of the Flying Dutchman. We. recommend that he be ringed down according to the enlightened proposition of our worthy cotemporary the Evening Post. The Period of Life subject to Insanity. The London Lancet says that to determine the period of life which furnishes the greatest number of insane persons, it is sufficient to bring together the records, made up under different circumstances. One of these, made at the Bicetre, France, where poor men only are received; another at the Salpetriere, a hospital for poor women; the third, an estab- lishment devoted to the wealthy, have been examined, and it appears that the age which furnishes the greatest number of insane is, for men, that from thirty to forty years, while for women it is that from fifty to sixty years. The ages which furniih the least, for both sexes, are childhood, youth, and ad- vanced age. Among women insanity gen- erally appears earlier than among men, in- deed, from twenty to thirty years of age. The rich are more subject to insanity, in pro- portion, than the poor. ~ciewti~c ~mcticau 29i~ I ~Q J(~N Thj ( dcntif it ~n~crican+ American Genins.Launcls of the General Admiral. There are three desires implanted in the human breast, which, if sought to he grati- fied in a proper manner, will develop the in- tellect and wisdom of a people, and yield cor- responding heneficial results, not only to those within the immediate sphere of their influ- ence, hut also, by example, to the whole world ; and these are the desires of power, of esteem, and of knowledge. They are dis- tinctly perceived in all deliberations of indi- viduals and governments, in every purpose of resolution formed in consequence of de- liberation, and in every promise or contract in which man plights his faith. They cause men in dealing with all the phenomena of nature to give the superior elevation to men- tal over physical labor, and a regular and orderly disposition and arrangement to the various parts within the grasp of individuals, and bring out the vitality of intellect to fit means to ends. It is gratifying to every true lover of his country to perceive daily evi- dences of the fact that the American mind has properly comprehended its mission in these respects, and through its power and clear sightedness, has even now, at this yet undeveloped stage not only developed our own internal resources, and poured hlessings upon every household in our land, hut ac- tually hrought to our shores people and gov- ernments from lands thousands of miles away, to pay homage to American genius and en- terprise. Twenty-eight years since, the first locomo- tive engine was imported to this country from England, and now we have thousands of these iron horses of our own construction, travers- ing a web of railway over 24,000 miles in ex- tent against 8,000 miles in England, and are constantly transporting them to various quar- ters of the glohe. In ship-huilding we have surpassed the world, and now we have the great northern Autocrat of all the Russias, as did his illustrious predecessor of the house of Romanoff for locomotives, coming to the shiphuilders of the Great Republic, after critically examining the works of the world, and selecting one as the architect of a mam- moth vessel for his Imperial Navy. The fact is significant, and no wonder is it that thou- sands of our citizens r2paired, on the morn- ing of the 21st ult., to the shipyard of our fellow-citizen, W. H. Wehb, to witness the launching of the American-built Russian ship General Admiral. The New York Herald, in giving a notice of this memorable event, truly says that upon an occasion so fall of pride and honor for America, when the eyes of thousands are resting on the finest and largest wooden vessel that ever floated on the bosom of Old Ocean, from the d