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A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
Journals of the Continental Congress --2THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1788.
[Note 2: 2 Roger Alden takes up the entry.]
Congress assembled, present, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pensylvania, Virginia, North Carolina and
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South Carolina, and from New Hampshire Mr [Nicholas] Gilman, from Massachusetts Mr [Samuel Allyne] Otis, from Rhode Island Mr [Peleg] Arnold and from Delaware Mr [Dyre] Kearny.
On a report1 of a committee, consisting of Mr [Nicholas] Gilman Mr [James R.] Reid and Mr [Edward] Carrington to whom was referred the petition2 of Brigadier General James Reed
[Note 1: 1 See October 1, 1788.]
[Note 2: 2 See September 30, 1788.]
Resolved, that it be and hereby is recommended to the State of New Hampshire to take into consideration the peculiar situation and sufferings of Brigadier Gen1 James Reed, and on his producing proper evidence to substantiate his claim to the pension of an Invalid, to make provision for payment thereof out of the specie requisitions agreeably to the resolutions of Congress of the 11th . of June last.
The committee consisting of Mr [Thomas Tudor] Tucker, Mr [John] Parker, and Mr [Abraham] Clark to whom was referred a letter3 from the Mayor of the city of New York to the Delegates having reported,4
[Note 3: 3 See September 30, 1788.]
[Note 4: 4 See October 1, 1788.]
That it appears from the letter referred to them, that the repairs and alterations intended to be made in the buildings in which Congress at present Assemble, will render it highly inconvenient for them to continue business therein, that it will therefore be necessary to provide some other place for their accommodation, the committee having made enquiry find no place more proper for this purpose than the two Apartments now appropriated for the Office of foreign Affairs. They therefore recommend that the said Apartments be immediately prepared for the reception of Congress and the papers of the Secretary.
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Resolved, that Congress agree to the said report.
1The Committee consisting of Mr [John Eager] Howard Mr [William] Few Mr [Jonathan] Dayton, Mr [Nicholas] Gilman and Mr . [Edward] Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into the proceedings in the department of War, beg leave to Report,2 and to present to the view of Congress a summary Statement of the various branches of the department of War.
[Note 1: 1 John Fisher takes up the entry.]
[Note 2: 2 See July 21, 1788, the date of reading the original report and where the portions are printed which were omitted or changed in preparing the amended report, here entered in the Journal. See also September 30, 1788.]
First. Of the troops in Service of the United States.
The troops at present in Service on the frontiers, were raised for three years in consequence of the Resolves3 of Congress passed April 1785.
[Note 3: 3 Journals, vol. XXVIII, pp. 223--224, 240, and 247--248.]
The establishment was to consist of the field and company Commissioned Officers, and Seven hundred non Commissioned officers and privates, to be raised agreeably to the proportions specified, by the States of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Pensylvania, about four hundred recruits were engaged in 1785, and about one hundred and Eighty in 1786 and marched to the Ohio, except a small garrison of an Officer one serjeant and fifteen privates stationed at Westpoint. The further completion of the establishment was prevented by a deficiency of the public finances.
Of the non-commissioned Officers and privates engaged in 1785 about three hundred and fifty eight remain in service but are or soon will be entitled to their discharge; and those enlisted in 1786 will be entitled to be also discharged previous to July 1789.
In order to replace the deficiencies which would arise from the expiration of the terms of enlistment, Congress on the 3d of October 1787 made a provision for reinlisting Seven
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hundred non commissioned Officers and privates, and apportioned them on the same States which had raised the troops in 1785 in order to reinlist as many as possible of the old soldiers.
It appears by information of the Secretary at War that the states of Connecticut, New Jersey and Pensylvania have fully complied with the acts1 of Congress of the third of October 1787. But that the late legislature of the State of New York omitted to pass the necessary laws for this purpose, although it is highly probable, that the business will be effected early in the first session of the Legislature.
[Note 1: 1 Journals, vol. XXXIII, p. 603.]
That it appears from the letter of Brigadier General Harmar of the 15th of June last that the Officers under his command have in consequence of the Resolves of the third of October 1787 reinlisted one hundred and Seventy one non-commissioned officers and privates, about one hundred and ninety recruits will march from Pensylvania New Jersey and Connecticut for the Ohio in the course of the present month, and Sixty from Connecticut in August or the beginning of September amounting to two hundred and fifty new recruits; when these shall arrive on the frontiers the number of troops will be as follows,
Besides the before recited troops there are in the service two Companies of Artillery raised by virtue of the Resolves2
[Note 2: 2 Journals, vol. XXXI, pp. 892--893.]
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of Congress of the 20th of October 1786, and retained in service by the Resolve1 of Congress of the 9th of April 1787 and a shall detachment at West-point of thirteen non commissioned and privates raised by virtue of the acts of Congress of April 1785.
[Note 1: 1 Journals, vol. XXXII, pp. 158--159.]
These companies of Artillery were each completed on the first of May 1787 to the establishment of Seventy non Commissioned officers and privates, but they have been exceedingly reduced by desertion since this period. This unworthy conduct has been induced principally from an inequality in their treatment, they being held in service while others enlisted on the same terms by virtue of the Resolves of the 20th of October 1786 have been discharged, combined also with the irregularity of their payments. Both of these companies amount at present only to Seventy one noncommissioned Officers and privates. They have served about one half the term for which they were engaged, and have yet to serve about eighteen months. The Secretary at War intended to have had them compleated early in the present year, and to have ordered one of them to the frontiers, but money and Clothing could not be obtained in season for this object.
One of the Companies is stationed at Westpoint on Hudsons River, and the other at the Arsenal at Springfield on Connecticut River. A garrison at West point appears to be essential for guarding the valuable public property which is deposited there. Springfield might probably be entrusted to an Officer and fifteen noncommissioned and privates.
The time which these Companies have to serve is not so great as to Justify the filling them up and marching them to the frontiers unless there should be some pressing demand for the measure. The most oeconomical arrangement would
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be to reduce the Commissioned Officers of one Company and transfer the noncommissioned Officers and privates to the other which would complete the same. To be opposed to this measure is the consideration, how far such a conduct would be politic, as it respects that kind of Security of employment so necessary to a due preparation for the proper performance of the duties of an Officer. The annual pay and subsistence of one Captain and two lieutenants of Artillery, amount to thirteen hundred and Eighty dollars, which would be the saving by the Reduction of the officers of one of the Companies.
These facts are submitted for the consideration of Congress.
The services of the small detachment at West point will soon terminate with their enlistments.
The inspector of the Troops has been discharged agreeably to the Orders of Congress of the 25th of June.
Second. Of the Clothing for the Troops.
The Troops enlisted in 1785 have already received two complete suits, and most of them have one years Clothing complete due to them.
Provision was made for the third years Clothing but the Secretary at War has been constrained to apply it for the recruits; otherwise they could not have been enlisted, good Clothing being the greatest inducement for a recruit to enlist into the service.
The Board of Treasury have advertised for a contract for clothing, and hope to succeed. In which case the old Soldiers who have reenlisted will receive their third suit in October next. Those of this description who will be discharged, will probably prefer a compensation in money to the Clothing.
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The troops on the frontiers enlisted in 1786 have also received two suits of Clothing and will if the Board of Treasury succeed in their contract duly receive their third suit.
The two Companies of Artillery raised in Massachusetts have received only one years Clothing, they will probably receive their second suit in the ensuing October.
3d . Of the Pay of the Troops.
The troops have generally been paid up to the first of January 1787 and the officers have had their subsistence and forage money paid up to the first of April 1788. Both officers and Soldiers appear well satisfied in this Respect. But as about two hundred noncommissioned Officers and privates will be discharged during the present year it will be necessary that the Treasury Board devise some mode to make them satisfactory payment. The Balance due the troops to the first day of July is estimated at sixty five thousand dollars.
4th Of the Stations occupied by the Troops on the frontiers.
Fort Franklin. On French creek near to the post formerly called Venango is a small strong fort with one Cannon, was erected in 1787 and garrisoned with one Company. The excellent construction and execution of this work reflects honor on the abilities and industry of Captain Hart who garrisons it with his Company and who was his own engineer.
This post was established for the purpose of defending the frontiers of Pensylvania, which are much expend by the facility with which the Indians can cross from Lake Erie, either to french creek or to the Jadaghque lake and the Conneawango branch and thence descend the rapid River Allegheny.
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Fort Pitt. Has only an officer and a few men to receive the supplies and dispatches forwarded to the Troops by the Secretary at War.
Fort McIntosh. Is ordered to be demolished, and a blockhouse to be erected in lieu thereof a few miles up the Big Beaver Creek to protect the communication up the same, and also to cover the County.
Fort Harmar. At the mouth of Muskingum is a well constructed fort with five bastions and three cannons mounted.
It is at present garrisoned with four Companies, and is considered as Head Quarters, being conveniently situated to reinforce any of the posts either up or down the River Ohio.
Fort Steuben. At the Rapids of the Ohio, on the west side, is a well constructed small fort, with one cannon, and is garrisoned with a Major and two Companies. This post is established to cover the Country from the incursions of the Indians, and it also serves as a post of communication to post Vincennes on the Wabash.
Post Vincennes. On the Wabash is a work erected during the year 1787 and has four small brass cannon. It is garrisoned by a Major and two Companies.
It is established to curb the incursions of the Wabash Indians, into the Kentucky Country, and to prevent the usurpation of the federal lands, the fertility of which have been too strong a temptation to the lawless people of the frontiers who posted themselves there in force in the year 1786. Brigadier General Harmar by orders of Congress formed an expedition in August 1787 for the purpose of dispossessing them, but previously to his arrival most of the intruders had abandoned their settlement.
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5th . Of the Discipline of the Troops.
Ample instructions have been repeatedly transmitted by the Secretary at War to the Commanding Officer relative to the various objects for which the troops are placed on the frontiers.
The posts they were to occupy, and the nature of the fortifications to be erected have been pointed out.
The discipline of the troops, and particularly the soldierly and habitual vigilance most especially necessary to be observed in such exposed situations have been inculcated and enforced in the strongest terms; as also has been the oeconomy essential to the various staff departments.
And there are good reasons to believe that the numerous and distant posts on the Ohio, and its communications are well regulated in all respects, dependent on the Commanding officers; and that the troops practice as high a degree of discipline as the nature of the detached service in which they are employed will possibly admit.
6th . Of the mode in which the troops are furnished with Provisions.
In the year 1785 Mr . James O'Hara made a contract with the Board of Treasury for furnishing the several posts on the frontiers with rations which were to consist of
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The prices of which at the several posts where the troops were actually stationed were as follows
This contract was performed tolerably well, some complaints were made respecting particular posts, but the defects were perhaps inseperably connected with the state of the frontiers and of public affairs.
In 1786 a contract was formed by the Board of Treasury for the same objects with Messrs Turnbull Marmie and Co. the articles of the ration to consist of the same as the preceeding and the prices thereof,
There were some stipulations for payment by warrants on the State of Pensylvania which were paid in the paper Currency by the said State when greatly depreciated. This contract was ill executed, and the mode of payment was assigned by the contractors as the reason.
In 1787 a Contract was formed by the Board of Treasury with Mr James O'Hara at the prices herein stated,
This Contract was better executed than any of the former. The payments were generally made in warrants on New Jersey Pensylvania and Maryland.
A new contract has been formed to take effect from the first of July of the present year to the end of the year 1789
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by Messrs . Elliot and Williams of Maryland at the following prices. The terms of payment by warrants on Maryland.
7th . Of the Quartermaster's Department.
The Quartermaster's department on the frontiers is arranged on principles highly (Economical and beneficial to the public.
There is no such officer as quartermaster, except the usual Regimental quartermasters [this paragraph not to be entered]
Instead of an officer at the head of this department with his train of attendants, all Supplies are furnished by the Contractors of provision who have also from time to time contracted with the Secretary at War to furnish all necessary Articles on the frontiers which shall be required for the troops on the following principles.
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All necessary Articles which are furnished within the States for the troops are purchased by the Secretary at War, without any Commission or charge thereon to the public.
This arrangement existed previously to the resolve1 of Congress for abolishing the Quartermaster General's Department, July 25th . 1785.
[Note 1: 1 Journals, vol. XXIX, p. 574.]
8th. Of the Supplies to the Troops.
There have been forwarded to the frontiers during the present year supplies to the Troops of Clothing, new Tents and other Articles in the Quartermasters line, and a considerable quantity of Ordnance and Military stores, agreeably to the invoices thereof lodged in the War Office.
The Returns on the files of Congress will shew the brass and iron Ordnance, and the spare Arms and Ordnance and Military stores on the frontiers.
If these are not so ample as could be wished, yet the state of the public finances will not admit of a further Supply at present.
9th. Of the Ordnance Department.
This branch of the department of war is important and interesting to the Union.
The Ordnance, arms, ammunition and all the numerous appendages and complex apparatus belonging thereto in possession of the United States are highly valuable, and require an incessant attention to their preservation.
The places where they are deposited are as follows,
Providence in Rhode-Island
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Springfield in Massachusetts
Mohawk River
West-point on Hudsons River
Philadelphia
New-London and Manchester, Virginia
Charlestown, South Carolina, besides which there are considerable quantities of Shot and Shells at the furnaces at which they were east. The proportions at the respective places are specified in the returns on the files of Congress.
The principle Arsenals are at Springfield, West-point and Philadelphia.
The other places can be considered as only temporary accommodations for the stores, which are to be removed, as soon as permanent arsenals and Magazines shall be decided on, and provided by the United States.
By the information of the Secretary at War, it appears that the Stores are well accommodated at, Springfield in wooden buildings, except the Magazine which is an excellent one built of brick at the public expence in 1782.
That the powder and Stores are well accommodated at West-point, although the buildings being built of wood and the materials unseasoned, are going fast to decay.
That the Stores in Philadelphia are too much dispersed in different parts of the City and placed in buildings illy calculated for their reception.
The establishment of proper and permanent arsenals and Magazines is an object of high importance and demands the serious attention of the government of the United States. But as the expence of erecting suitable buildings for this purpose will be great, it will perhaps be thought adviseable to defer it for the present.1
[Note 1: 1 This paragraph was amended. For the text of the original report, see July 21, 1788.]
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The Arms at Springfield are new and in excellent order, the Secretary at War having had the whole taken to peices, cleaned and placed in racks prepared for the purpose.
About five thousand arms have been repaired at West-point and are fit for immediate service, about ten thousand of the others are supposed to be worth repairing, and this necessary work is going on at that post on a small scale. To employ the number of workmen requisite to effect the business in one year would be too expensive for the public finances. These arms would probably on an average cost about one dollar and an half each to put them in complete Order. Between four and five thousand Arms are in Virginia the most of which require repairs.1
[Note 1: 1 These two paragraphs were amended. For the text of the original report, see July 21, 1788.]
The new arms in Philadelphia are in such a State of repair as to need cleaning only, the Secretary at War has been constrained to defer this operation, until a suitable building could be obtained, or an arsenal erected in which so to deposit them that they can be kept easily in order.1
The powder at Springfield and West-point, which places include the greatest quantities in possession of the public is in excellent Order, great attention has been annually paid to this Article in having it aired, cleaned, proved, well packed, and also turned frequently.
The brass cannon and Mortars are, and will remain fit for immediate service. But it is to be remarked generally that no new carriages for the cannon or beds for the mortars have been made since the peace. At Springfield there are a number of new Cannon carriages which have never been in service, and also at West-point, there are a number fit for service, but in general the carriages which were left at the close of the war are too defective for use.
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This object will require attention when the finances of the Union will admit of replacing the Carriages without which the Cannon are of little service.
The Ordnance and Military Stores at the several Arsenals axe under the charge of Storekeepers or deputy Commissaries of Military stores at the following rates of pay.
There are also Deputy Commissaries having the charge of the public property in South Carolina and at Carlisle, but they will soon be discharged.
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On the establishment of permanent arsenals and the Stores being collected together the expences arising at any other places will cease.
10th. Of West-point on Hudsons River and its dependencies.
Congress by their Resolution of the 3d of August 1786 directed that this post together with so much land contiguous thereto as might be deemed necessary to be included within the limits of the garrison, should be purchased of the proprietor by the Board of Treasury; but this has not been effected, owing as the Committee has been informed to the absence of said proprietor.1
[Note 1: 1 This paragraph was amended. For the text of the original report, see July 21, 1788.]
Fort Clinton which is the principal work on the plain having been Slightly built for a temporary purpose has decayed in such a manner that unless it should be substantially repaired it will soon become an heap of rubbish, as will also most of the redoubts which were built of timber.
To repair Fort Clinton with Stone in a durable manner would require the sum of six thousand dollars, and a further sum of four thousand dollars would be requisite to place other necessary fortifications and buildings in a proper State.
These circumstances are stated for the consideration of Congress.
11th . Of the Canadian Refugees.
It appears by information from the Secretary at War who has directed the business since the year 1785 that the United States for Several years past have been at a great expence in supporting many Canadian families who had taken refuge within the state of New york when the American troops abandoned Canada in the year 1776.
That the remnants of the people of this description were transported in 1786 by order of Congress at the public expence
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to certain lands on Lake Champlain granted to them by the state of New York and there supported with rations of provisions at the expence of the United States until the first September 1787. That the number so supplied amounted to about one hundred and seventy rations per day.
That by the Resolve1 of Congress of the 12th of October 1787 one years further allowance was directed to such of the aged and infirm among the said Canadians as should be unable to make provision for themselves. The rations issued under this Resolve amount to forty-five per day.
[Note 1: 1 Journals, vol. XXXIII, p. 665.]
12th . Of the Indian department.
The communications respecting the Indian departments were directed to be made to the Secretary at War by the Ordinance2 of Congress of the 7th of August 1786.
[Note 2: 2 Journals, vol. XXXI, pp. 490--493.]
That it appears from the records of the Office that the said Secretary has executed the duties arising in this department from time to time, and that he has arranged this branch of his duty by itself.
13th. Of the Invalids.
It appears by the information of the Secretary at War that the following States only, have transmitted to the War Office descriptive lists of the invalids required by the Ordinance3 of Congress of June 7th 1785, to wit New Hamshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pensylvania and Virginia.
[Note 3: 3 Journals, vol. XXVIII, pp. 435--437.]
A statement4 whereof shewing the amount annually paid by each is hereunto annexed for the information of Congress.
[Note 4: 4 This statement is in Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 27, p. 367.]
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14th . Of the army lands.
Agreeably to the directions1 of Congress of the 22d October 1787 the Secretary at war has had ascertained the Claims of the non-commissioned officers, and Soldiers in all the regular lines of the late army, and of most of the independent Corps. This has been accomplished by the actual inspection of the muster rolls, and the accounts which have been settled.
[Note 1: 1 Journals, vol. XXXIII, p. 696.]
The remaining part of this Voluminous business is in a train of being completed in a Short time.
15th. Of the War Office.
The business of the War Office is conducted by the Secretary at war, and three Clerks and a Messenger whose Salaries are as follows.
The Contingent expenses of the office for Stationary, firing, Candles, and necessary conveniences for the papers are averaged on the three last years to amount to about one hundred and Seventy Six dollars for each year.
The office of assistant Secretary whose Salary was one thousand dollars per annum has been discontinued in this Office since the commencement of the year 1786.
The accounts of pay and Subsistence of the troops are examined and Certified at the pay Office, and transmitted to the War Office, on which the Secretary at War issues his warrants for the amount on the Paymaster.
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Regular Registers are kept in the War Office of all warrants so drawn, specifying the Objects for which they were granted.
Upon the foregoing Statement your Committee beg leave to observe that having carefully examined every part of it they are of Opinion that the arrangement of the business is Judicious and that the duties of the Office are executed with ability and punctuality which reflect great honor on the Secretary at War.
Your Committee think it their duty further to remark that great care appears to have been taken by the Secretary to reduce the expences of his department as well by dispensing with the Office of Assistant Secretary formerly attached to it, and which has never been annulled by Congress, as by various oeconomical arrangements and reforms in the other branches thereof.1
[Note 1: 1 This paragraph was amended. For text of the original report see July 21, 1788.]
[Motion of Mr. Clark respecting commissioners for settling accounts2]
[Note 2: 2 Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 26, p. 689, in the writing of Mr. Abraham Clark. According to indorsement and the Committee Book, Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 190, p. 208, this motion was referred to a committee, consisting of Mr. Abraham Clark, Mr. Hugh Williamson and Mr. James Madison, which reported October 10, 1788.]
Resolved that the board of Commissioners appointed pursuant to an Ordinance3 of Congress of the 7th . of May 1787 be restricted from entering upon the business of their appointment or finally determining any matter to them referred by the said Ordinance, unless all three of the said Commissrs . shall be present; anything in the said Ordinance to the Contrary notwithstanding; and that sd . board of commissrs . meet for the purpose of their appointment at such time as the board of Treasury shall notify them that the Vouchers and Acts . to be returned by the district Comrs . will be ready for their inspection.
[Note 3: 3 Journals, vol. XXXII, pp. 262--266.]
And in order to give the said board all Necessary aid, the several boards and Commissrs . under Congress are hereby respectively required to give the said board of commissrs . when called upon for
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that purpose all such information as may be in their power touching any matters that may come before them for their determination; and to attend said board when requested for the purpose of explaining and Supporting the Claims of the Union. and to furnish sd board with such of their Clerks as that board the sd . board may find necessary in prosecuting their business. And that the said board of Commissioners have the priviledge while in the execution of their Office respectively to send and receive Letters by post free from postage.
[Motion of Mr. Kearny respecting W. Perry1]
[Note 1: 1 This motion was entered in the Committee Book, Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 190, p. 208. It was referred to the Secretary of Congress to take order. See September 9 and 30, 1788.]
That the delegates of Delaware be furnished with a copy of the report of the board of treasury respecting the salary of Mr Perry.
[Report of committee on memorial of L. Pease2]
[Note 2: 2 Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 19, V, pp. 59--61, in the writing of Mr. Pierpont Edwards. A copy of the report is in Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 41, VIII, p. 250. Read October 2, 1788. See October 1, 1788.]
The Committee [consisting of Mr. Pierpont Edwards, Mr. Jonathan Dayton and Mr. James R. Reid] to whom was refered the Memorial of Levi Pease report
That it appears to the Committee, that the Distance from New York to Boston is two hundred and fifty six Miles; and from New York to Philadelphia is ninety six Miles. That the road eastward is much worse than southward, that the Mail for the Current year is carried to and from Philadelphia to this City for 1333 Dollars, that the Travel on the Boston road, upon the present Contract for carrying the Mail, amounts in one year to 64897 66,560 miles, and on the road to Philadelphia to 29,952 miles, that it appears to the Committee that very great irregularities have existed in the transportation of the Mail on the Road to Boston; no less than nineteen different riders having, since the first of January last arrived at one office only Many of whom were Persons wholly unworthy of so important a Trust, and given to intoxication, that very little Attention has been paid by the riders, to the stipulated time of arrival at the different offices, the mail seldom being delivered at the proper Hour, that these Considerations, added to the facility of sending Letters by the Stages, which ply on
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that road, and are furnished with trusty Conductors, and the peculation practised by the Carriers of the Mail, in appropriating the profits of Way Letters to their own use, have very greatly diminished the Revenue of the post office, your Committee are therefore of opinion that the Post Master general be directed to contract with Mr Pease upon the Terms proposed in his Memorial and thereupon submit the following Resolution
Resolved that the Post Master General contract with Levi Pease, for the transportation of the Mail between New York and Boston for one year, commencing the first Day of January next, upon the Terms proposed by said Pease in his Memorial, he giving sufficient Security for the fulfilment of the Contract on his Part.1
[Note 1: 1 October 2, 1788. According to the Committee Book, Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 190, p. 208, the following committee was appointed:
Mr. Hugh Williamson, Mr. Abraham Clark and Mr. Alexander Hamilton on the letter of September 3, 1788, of the Secretary for Foreign Affairs respecting the particular expenses of Mr. Jefferson. See August 22 and September 3, 1788.]
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