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A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
U.S. Serial Set --CONTENTS.
DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY.
Invasion of Chile, 1; Its limits, 2; Origin of the name, 2; Mountains, 3; Volcanoes, 4; Antuco and its new crater, 5; Llayma, 5; Llogol, 5.--Mountain passes: The Cumbre, 6; The Portillo, 6; Come-cavallo, 7; Laguna and Doña Ana, 9; La Dehesa, 10; Los Patos, 10; El Planchon, 11; Antuco, 11; Table showing the heights, latitudes, and longitudes of the principal summits, 13.--Lakes: Llanquihue, 14; Rupanco, 14; Puychue, 14; Ranco, 14; Huitahue, 15; Guanegue, 15; Rinihue, 15; Pirehueco, 15; Lajara, 15; Villarica, 15; Gualletue, 15; Laja, 15; Amargo, 16; Totoral, 16; Maule, 16; Mondaca, 16; Las Garzas, 16; Taguatagua, 16; Cauquenes, 17; Aculeo, 17; Inca, 17; The lakes of Coquimbo and Atacama, 18.--Rivers, 18; Origin of nearly all the Chile streams, 19; The Bueno, 20; Valdivia or Calle-calle, 20; Tolten, 20; Imperial. 21; Biobio, 21; Itata, 22; Ñuble, 22; Maule, 23; Mataquito, 25; Rapel, 25; Maypu, 25; Aconcagua, 26; Chuapá, 26; Limari, 26; Coquimbo, 26; Huasco, 26; Copiapó, 26.--Bays and harbors, 27; Valparaiso, 28; Talcahuano, 29; Coquimbo, 30; Herradura, 31; Huasco, 32; Copiapó and Caldera, 32; Port Yugles, 33; Constitucion, 33; Valdivia, 34; Ancud, 34; Port Famine, 36.--Islands, 36; Chilóe and the surrounding islands, 37; Mocha, 39; Santa Maria, 39; Quiriquina, 40; Juan Fernandez, 40; Santa Clara, 42; Mas-á fuera, 42; Pajaros, 43.
POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES.
Province of Atacama, 44; Its boundaries, 44; Towns, 44; Mineral wealth and balance of trade, 45.--Province of Coquimbo, 45; Its boundaries, 45; Towns, 45; Soil, 45; Roads, 45; Products and trade, 46--Province of Aconcagua, 46; Its boundaries, 46; Towns, 46; Its soil and products, 47; Mines and trade, 47.--Province of Santiago, 48; Its boundaries, 48; Towns, fertility of soil, 49; Agricultural and mineral wealth, 49; Proposed railroads, 50.--Province of Valparaiso, 50; Its boundaries, 50; Towns, 50; The valley of Quillota and Lavaderos, 51.--Province of Colchagua, 51; Its boundaries, 51; Extent, 51; Departments, 52; Towns, 52: Agriculture, 53; Cattle and revenue, 53.--Province of Talca, 53; Its boundaries, 53; Departments, 53; Towns, 53; Agricultural surplus and minerals, 54.--Province of Maule, 54; Its boundaries, 54; Extent, 54; Towns, 55; Agriculture, 56; Statistics, 56; Cattle, 57; Minerals and Manufactures, 57.--Province of Ñuble, 57; Its boundaries, 58; Towns, 58; Baths of Chillan, 58: Agriculture, 59; Cattle, 59; Mines, 59.--Province of Concepcion, 59; Its boundaries, 59; Towns, 59; Fertility, 60; Agricultural products, 61; Wine, 61; Timber, 61; Mines, 61; Coal, 62; Exports, 62; Flour-mills, 63.--Province of Araucania, 63; Its limits, 63; The people, 63; Physical divisions of the province, 64; Sketch of the natural features along the two roads that traverse the country, 65; Physiological description of the inhabitants, 67; Their dwellings, 68; Agriculture and probable mineral wealth, 68.--Province of Valdivia, 68; Its boundaries, 69; Towns, 69; Small amount of cultivated land, 69; German colonists, 70; Agricultural products, 70; Mines, 70; Forests, 70; Commerce, 71.--Province of Chilóe, 71; Its boundaries, 71; Towns, 72; Chonos archipelago, 73; Forests, 73; Cultivation, 74; Apple orchards, 74; Shell-fish, 74; Mines, 75; Manufactures, 75; Commerce, 75.--Statistics of population and mortality for each department of the republic, 76.
THE CLIMATE.
Does climate influence the moral and physical energies of man? 78; Probable change in Chile, as agriculture is more generally extended, 79; Winter at Santiago, 79; Zodiacal light, 80; Winter at Valparaiso, 81; Winter north of latitude 33° S., 82; Extraordinary dryness and transparency of the air, 82; Winter at Valdivia, 83; At the Island of Chilóe, 83; Spring at Santiago, 84; Thunder-storms, 84; Aurora australis, 85; Progress of vegetation, 85; Pressure, temperature, and moisture at Santiago, during the summer, 86; Radiation, 86; Hail-storm, 87; Periodical winds, 87; Clear atmosphere, 87; Summer on the coast, 88; At Coquimbo, 88; At Concepcion, 88; At Valdivia, 89; At Chilóe, 90; Autumn at Santiago, 90; Indian summer, 90; Meteors 91; Sunbeans, 91; Red snow, 91; Climate not favorable to longevity, 92.
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EARTHQUAKES.
Sensations which they produce, 94; Brief accounts of the earthquakes of 1570, 94; 1647, 94; 1657, 95; 1688, 95; 1722, 96; 1730, 96; 1751, 96; 1783, 97; 1819, 97; 1822, 97; 1829, 99; 1835, 100; 1837, 104; 1849, 104; Our mode of observing shocks 105; The earthquake of December 6, 1850, 105; That of April 2, 1851, 108; Succeeding lesser agitations, 115; May 26, 1851 117; Several tremors of especial interest, 118; Local and meteorological influences, 119; Volcanic theory of earthquakes, 120; Dynamics, 122; Permanent effects, 126; Other attributed results, 127; Concluding reflections, 128.
THE GOVERNMENT.
Citizenship, 129; Deputies and Senators, 129; Congress, 130; Chamber of Deputies, 131; Senate, 132; Conservative commission, 132; The President, 133; Cabinet ministers, 133; Council of State, 134; Provincial government, 134; The administration of justice, 135; Tribunals and judges of courts, 138; Receipts and expenditures, 140; Public debt, 140.
SOCIETY.
Introduction of strangers, 142; Visits, 142; Dress, 143; Evening tertulias, 144; Gossip, 145; None molest ladies in the street after night, 145: Courtship, 146; Forced marriages, 146; A marriage, 147; Births, 148; A christening, 149; Social education of children, 150; Girls, 150; Boys, 151; National characteristics, 151; Death, 152; A funeral, 152; Visits of condolence, 153.
THE CHURCH AND ITS CEREMONIES.
Exclusively Catholic, 154; Interference of archbishop in marriages with Protestants, 155; He claims spiritual jurisdiction over foreign legations, 156; Passing of the Host through the streets, 157; Bigotry and intolerance inseparable among all sects, 158; Metropolitan organization, 159; Church revenues, 159; Parishes, 160; Convent of Augustin nuns, 160; Other nunneries, 160; Monasteries, 160; The Dominicans, 160; Franciscans, 160; Recoleta Franciscans, 160; Franciscan hermits, 160; Mercedarios (white friars), 161; Sacred Heart, 161; Ceremonies on Ash Wednesday, 161; Death of a dean of the cathedral, 162; Exequies of Don --, 163; Incidents of Holy Week, 164; Palm Sunday, 164; Holy Thursday, 165; Good Friday, 165; Saturday, 166; Easter Sunday, 167; Quasimodo (Sunday after Easter), 167; Anniversary of the earthquake of 1647, 168; Corpus Christi, 169; Assumption day, 170; Santa Eusebia, 171; Anniversary of the nativity of the Virgin, 172; Our Lady of Mercy, 173; Our Lady of the Rosary, 173; Our Lady of Carmen, 174.
SANTIAGO.
Topography, 175; Foundation of the city and its present extent, 175; Bird's-eye view of it from Santa Lucia, 176; Morning, 177; Noon, 177; Night, 177; Plan of the city, 178; Hotels, 178; Architecture of dwellings, 178; Valdivia's residence, 180; The Cathedral, 180; Other churches, 181; Convent of the Claras, 182; La Merced, 182; Santo Domingo, 182; San Augustin, 182; Houses for spiritual pennace, 182; The Mint, 183; Palace, 183; Custom-house, 183; Consulado, 183; Markets, 184; Meats, 184; Game, 184; Fish, 184; Vegetables, 184; Fruits, 185; Flowers, 186; Bridges, 187; The Tajamar (breakwater), 187; The Cañada, 187; National Institute, 187; Its origin, 187; Progress of education, 188; Present state of learning, 188; Organization, 189; Other schools, 190; The University, 190; The Military Academy, 191; School for mechanic arts, 191; School for instruction in Agriculture, 192; Painting, 192; Music, 192; National library, 193; Newspapers and periodicals, 194; Cabinet of natural history, 194; The Hüemul, 195; Cabinet of minerals, 195; Theatres, 196; The Portal, 196; Fountains, 196; Water, 197; Ices, 198; Confectionery, 198; The Penitentiary, 198; House of correction, 201; Almshouse, 201; Beggars, 201; Insane persons, 203; Asilia del Salvador, 203; Hospital San Juan de Dios, 203; Statistics of disease, 204; Diseases and causes of mortality, 206; Women's Hospital, San Francisco de Borja, 209; Statistics of diseases there, 210; The Foundling Hospital, 211; Its probable pernicious influence, 211; Statistics for two years, 212; Medical examiners, 212; Manufactures, 213; Municipal administration, 214; The Intendente, 214; The Cabildo, 215; Receipts and expenditures of the city during 1850, 215; Police, 216; Population, 217; Division of races and classes, 217; Characteristics, 218; The Panteon (cemetery), 220; Statistics of marriages, births, and deaths during ten years, 222.
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VALPARAISO.
Origin, 224; Its name, 224; Extent, 225; Growth of the city, 226; Plazas, 226; Public buildings, 227; Churches, 227; Bonded warehouses, 228; Hospitals and Almshouse, 228; Want of amusements, 229; Population, 229; Table of mortality during ten years, 230; Trade with towns on the coast, 231; Foreign commerce, 231; Statistics of imports, exports, coasting trade, and revenue, 232; Expenses of collecting the revenue, 232; Table showing the number of the foreign vessels and the value of imports and exports from 1844 to 1851, both years inclusive, 233; How the balance of trade is liquidated, 234; Products of the haciendas, 234; Products of the mines, 236; Table showing the value of the several metals exported from 1843 to 1852, 236; Gold sent to the mint during the same period, 236; Table showing the principal exports and the value of each, 237; Table showing the principal imports consumed and the value of each, 238; Possible decrease of trade, 240; Projected railroad to Santiago, 241; Storms in the bay, 241.
A VISIT TO THE PROVINCES OF ATACAMA AND COQUIMBO.
Depart from Santiago, and embark on board the steamer Bolivia at Valparaiso, 243; Loss of steamer Ecuador, 244; Gambling on board, 244; Port of Copiapó, 244; Arrive at Caldera, 245; Ancient skeletons, 245; Flies and fleas, 245 24; Plutonic rocks, 245; Marine fossils, 246; Origin of the railroad, 246; Leave Caldera for the interior, 248; Appearance of the country, 248; Sterility, 249; Copiapó river, 249; Dust, 250; Dead animals by the road, 250; The city of Copiapó, 250; Buildings on the plaza, 250; Hospitals, 250; Schools, 251; Education, 251; Dwellings, 251; People, 252; Their hospitality, 252; Leave for Chañarcillo, 252; Village of Totoralillo, 253; La Angostura, 253; Water, 254; Cuesta de Chañarcillo, 254; Apertures in the hills by the road-side, 254; El Bolaco, 254; View from the summit, 255; Descent of a mine, 255; Magnetical observations, 256; Meteorology, 256; Discovery of the mines, 256; Juan Godoi, 256; Juan Callejas, 257; Fate of discoverers, 257; Administration of mines, 258; Miners--their strength, 259; Pilfering, 259; Receivers of stolen ores, 259; Gambling, 259; Geological description of El Bolaco 260; Number of mines and their produce, 262; Process of reducing ores, 263; Arquerite, 264; Ores reduced at the Cerillos mills during 1850, 265; Value of the silver exported from the province for each year from 1830 to 1851, 265; The district of Tres Puntas, 266; Prices of the principal articles consumed at the mines, 266; Professional mine-hunters, 267; Discoveries in 1850, 267; Abandoned mines re-denounced in the same year, 268; Lawsuits, 268; Mining-board, 268; Return to the city of Copiapó, 269; Its geographical position, 269; Meteorology and an earthquake, 269; Start for Caldera, 269; Railroad accident, 270; Meteorology at Caldera, 270; Musical fish, 270; Return to Valparaiso, and from thence back to Coquimbo, 271; Coquimbo bay, 272; Custom-house impositions and frauds, 273; Herradura bay, 273; Serena, 274; Topographical view from the terrace, 274; The people, 276; Education, 276; Occupation, 276; Climate, 277; Commerce, 278; Products, 279; Imports and exports in 1850, 279; Copper-smelting, 279; Geology of the mining provinces and distribution of metals, 280; Towns of the departments of Freirina and Vallenar, 284; Mines of Carriso, 284; Agua Amarga, 285; Tunas, 285; Camerones, 285; Arqueros, 286; Algodones, 287; Mines of the province of Aconcagua, 288; In the province of Santiago, 288; In the southern province, 290; Coal mines of Concepcion, 291; Analysis of the coals, 292; Other mines in Chile, 293; English attempts to work the mines, 293; Their failure, 293.
MINERAL SPRINGS.
Apoquindo, 294; Colina, 296; Topography of the baths, 297; Analysis of the waters, 298; Accommodations for visitors, 298; A night in the cabins, 299; Cauquenes, 300; Celebrated for the cure of certain diseases, 300; Beautiful location, 300; Panimavila, 300; The only baths known at the level of the great valley, 300; Temperature, odor, and mineral ingredients of the water, 300; Mondaca, 301; Their locality, temperature, and mineral constituents, 301; No accommodations, 301; Cato, 301; Chillan, 302; Sulphur baths in a ravine of the Andes, 302; Dwellings, 302; Temperature of the springs, 302; Whole atmosphere impregnated with sulphureted hydrogen, 302; Boiling water beneath a snow-bank, 302; Doña Ana, 303; The only mineral springs resorted to in the northern part of Chile, 303; Their lofty position among the Andes, 303; Temperature of water, &c., 303; Soco, 303; Situated near the ocean, also in the province of Coquimbo, 303.
THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN 1851.
Preliminary measures of government, 304; The candidates, 304; Disorder in the Chamber of Deputies, 304; Qualification of voters, 305; Judges of the election, 305; Political meetings prohibited, 305; Organizations for the purchase of votes, 306; The balloting, 306; Prices paid for votes, 307; Incidents of the poll, 307; The opposition party dissatisfied, 307; Regarded as the most impartial election within twenty years, 307; Fraudulent qualifications, 307; Number of votes polled throughout the republic, 308; The result, 308; Failure of the opposition deputies to defeat the law, 308; Ceremonies on declaring and inaugurating the new President, 309.
B
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EVENTS SUCCEEDING THE ELECTION.
Revolutionary symptoms, 310; Progress of the disaffection, 311; Congress gives the President extraordinary powers, 311; Revolt at Coquimbo and Concepcion, 312; Interference of Great Britain, 312; Reprisals by the British, and their treaty with the insurgents, 315; Departure of Gen. Bulnes from the capital to command the army of the south, 315; Revolts at San Felipe and San Bernardo, 315; Battle of Petorca and defeat of the insurgents, 316; Second interference of the British, 316; Revolts at Valparaiso and Chañarcillo, 318; State of affairs at Santiago in October, 319; Banishment of ladies, 319; The armies near the Ñuble, 320; Massacre of Zuñiga and his command by the Araucanians, 321; Contest at Los Guindos, November 19, 321; Report from Gen. Bulnes, 322; Letters between the commanders-in-chief, 323; Gen. Cruz claims the victory, 324; Montoneros, 324; Bulnes is obliged to recross the Ñuble, 325; Affairs at Serena, 325; Revolt at Talca, 326; Fire at Santiago, 326; Death of Gen. Freire; 327; First news of the battle of Loncomilla, 327; Ministerial rejoicings, 328; Burial of Gen. Freire, 329; Further news of the great battle, 329; Peace at the South, 332; Letter from Gen. Cruz announcing the result, 332; Evacuation of Serena and revolt at Copiapó, 333; Conflict at Linderos and surrender of the insurgents, 333; Revolt at the penal colony in the Straits of Magellan, 334; Close of the struggle, 335; Alleged causes for the insurrection, 335; Probable results had the opposition party triumphed, 339.
A VISIT TO THE COUNTRY.
The plain of Santiago, 340; Scenery, 340; Lake Aculeo, 341; Geology and botany, 341; Breakfast on the lake shore, 342; Angostura de Payne, 343; Country life, 343; The laborers, 344; Medicas, 346; Pablo Cuevas, the medico of Chuapá, 347; Probabilities of health and life in the country, 348; Cultivation, 349; Irrigation, 349; Agricultural implements, 349; Wheat crops, 350; Harvest, 350; The Trilla (threshing), 350; Horses and riders, 351; Wheat produced, 352; Difficulty of obtaining accurate results, 352; Beans, 352; Maize, 353; Barley, 353; Attempt to introduce Rye, 353; The vineyards, 353; The vintage, 354; Product of the vineyards in the southern provinces, 355; Mosto wine, 356; Cattle, and their diseases, 356; Their enemies, the Condor and Leon (felis concolor), 357; The Rodeo, 358; Equestrian feats, 359; The Matanza, 361; Preparation of charqui, 361; Probable number of cattle killed annually, 362; Return to Santiago over a lasso bridge, 363.
A VISIT TO THE SOUTHWARD.
Ñor Nicolás, 364; Equipment for the journey, 365; Country carts, 366; Mule trains, 367; San Fernando, 367; Posadas, 367; Beggars on horseback, 368; From San Fernando to the Chimbarongo, 368; From the Chimbarongo to the Teno, 369; The posada at Quechereguas, 369; Region of tufa, 370; Mountain chains, 370; Snow line, 371; From the Tufa district to Talca, 371; The city of Talca, 371; Public buildings, 372; Its people, 373; Mortality, 373; Climate, 373; Hospitals, 373; Education, 373; Hospitality, 374; Ñor Nicolás again, 374; Leave Talca, 374; The country between the city and los Peráles, on the Maule, 375; Los Peráles, 375; Boats on the rivers, 376; Navigation of the Maule, 376; Its scenery, 377; Environs of Constitucion, 377; Mouth of the river, 378; Its possible improvement, 378; Constitucion, 379; Ship-building, 379; Trade, 379; Bird's-eye view from Cerro Mutün, 380; Natural history, 380; Leave the city, 381; Scenes on the river, 381; Passage up stream, 381; The Western cordilleras and peninsula between the Claro and Maule, 383; Gold mines of Cerro Chivato, 383; The Maule at the ford, 384; From the river to the battle-field of Loncomilla, 384; Head-quarters of Gen. Cruz, 384; Order of battle, 385; Incidents of the action, 385; Its anomalous results, 387; Return to Talca, 388; Holy Thursday, 388; Good Friday, 389; Monte Baeza, 389; Easter Sunday, 389; Leave Talca for the north, 389; Tufa, 389; Condors, 389; From the midway posada to Quechereguas, 390; The river Lontue, 390; Crossing a hide bridge, 390; Curicó, 391; Cerillos de Teno, 392; From the Chimbarongo to San Fernando, 392; San Fernando, 392; The plain to the northward, 393; Natural history, 393; Valley of Colchagua, 393; Rengo, 394; The country to the northward, 394; To the baths of Cauquenes, 395; The River Claro and Lake Cauquenes, 396; Scenery, 396; Panoramic view from the baths, 397; Accommodations for invalids, 398; The baths, 398; Life at a watering place, 398; Elevation of the plateau, 399; Meteorology, 399; Leave Cauquenes, 400; An avalanche in 1847, 400; The Cachapual, 400.
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NEW YORK TO PANAMA.
Embark on board the steamer Empire City with two hundred passengers bound to California, 401; Grand mass meeting, 402; Chagres, 403; Canoes, 404; The river scenery ascending the stream, 404; Rain, 406; San Pablo, 406; The Chagres and its boatmen, 407; Cruces, 407; From Cruces to Panama, 408.
THE CITY OF PANAMA.
Extent, 412; Population, 412; Fortifications, 412; Houses, 412; Churches, 413; Their ruinous condition, 413; Evening service, ending with a display of fireworks, 413; Sunday occupations, 414; Bells, 414; Other public buildings, 414; View from the sea bastion, 414; Baths, 415; The people, 415; Conduct of Americans there, 416; Animals, 416; Birds, 417; Fish, 417; Climate, 417; Geographical position, 418; Destruction of old Panama by Morgan, 418.
FROM PANAMA TO LIMA.
Embark on board the steamer New Grenada, 421; Rain, 421; Buenaventura, 421; The Andes, 422; Cross the equator, 422; Refused permission to land in Ecuador, 422; Anchor at Payta, 423; Position of the town, amid sterility, 423; Marine fossils, 423; Houses, 424; People, 424; No fresh water, 424; Ship-building, 424; A balsa, 424; Vegetables and fruits from the valley of Piura, 424; Cherimoya, 425; Alligator pear, 425; Granadilla, 425; Pepino, 425; Whalers, 425; Lambayeque, 426; Huanchaco and Trujillo, 426; Balsas again, 426; Strike on a rock off Casma bay, 427; Callao, 427.
LIMA.
Travelling and smokers, 429; Foundation of the city, 429; Its plan and streets, 430; Buildings, 430; Fountain in the plaza, 430; The cathedral, 431; Churches, 431; Remains of Pizarro, 431; Church erected by the conqueror, 432; Charitable institutions, 433; Palace, 433; Chamber of Deputies, 434; Senate, 434; Education, 435; Amusements, 435; Theatre, 435; Bullfights, 436; The Saya y Manto, 436; Bridge over the Rimac, 436; Alameda, 436; Market, 436; Population, 437; Climate, 438 Earthquakes, 438; Manufactures, 438.
FROM LIMA TO VALPARAISO.
Leave Callao, 440; Chincha islands, 440; Other huano islands on the coasts of Peru and Chile, 441; Pisco, 441; Remarkable cross on the shores of its bay, 441; At sea, 442; Meteorological, 442; Salt patches on the sterile coast, 442; Yslay, 442; Arica, 443; Ancient graves near the city, 444; Indian antiquities, 444; Valleys of Azapa and Ocumba, 445; Trade along the coast, 445; Iquique, 445; Saltpetre mines near it, 446; Marine products, 446; Cobija, 447; Scarcity of water and food, 447; Trade, 447; Port of Copiapó, 448; Huasco, 448; Coquimbo bay, 449; Want of geographical information, 450; Arrive at Valparaiso and leave for Santiago, 450.
FIRST EXPERIENCES IN CHILE.
Travelling to Santiago, 451; Halt at Casa-blanca, 451; Scenes by the road, 452; Cuesta Zapata, 452; Panoramic view from the Cuesta Prado, 452; Action of the government, 454; Choice of a locality for the Observatory, 454; Arrival of the instruments 454; Preparation of sites on Santa Lucia, 454; What people thought of us, 455; Their interest in the starry heavens, 455; Slow progress with work on the second observatory, 455; Novelties in the streets, 456; Street scenes in the morning, 456; Novelties of climate, 457.
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EXPERIENCES CONTINUED.
Advance of autumn, 458; Sunday at Santiago, 458; Annoyances, 458; Search for a desaguador of the Mapocho, 459; Sunday occupations, 460; A rain-storm, 460; The Salto de Agua, 460; Ice, 461; An earthquake, 461; A flood in the river, 462; Leave for Valparaiso, 462; Rain-storm on the road, 463; Apparent desolation in the country, 463; Curacavi, 463; Narrow escape, 464; Casa-blanca, 464; Appearance of Valparaiso and its environs from the hills, 465; Return to the capital, 465; Another flood in the Mapocho, 465; Clerk of the weather, 466; Agriculture, 466; Birds, 467; The country near the Salto de Agua, 468; Carne con cuero, 469; Christmas, 469; Christmas eve at the market-house, 469; Service in the cathedral, 470; Nacimientos, 470.
A VISIT TO THE CACHAPUAL.
Arrive at the hacienda of a friend, 472; The plain of Rancagua, 473 A curious hill, 473; Rancagua, 473; The Cachapual, 474; The posada at the departmental capital, 474; Trials of a night, 475; Return to the hacienda, 476; Travelling Chile fashion, 476.
PUNISHMENT OF CRIMINALS.
A murder, 477; Preparations for executing the criminal, 477; He is shot, 478; Crime of theft, 478; The Egualistas, 478; Their plans, 479; Arrest of the leaders, 479; Revolutionary plot crushed, 480.
THE NATIONAL HOLIDAYS.
Celebration on September 17, 481; On the 18th, 481; Procession to the cathedral, 481; High mass, 482; Visit to the President, 483; To the Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 483; Illuminations, 484; On the 19th, 484; The moving crowds, 485; The Pampilla and its scenes, 485; Display on the Cañada, 486; On the 20th, 486; Encouragement and rewards of merit, 487; Diversions on the Pampilla, 488; Concluding amusements for the populace, 488.
POLITICAL TROUBLES.
News of the outbreak at San Felipe, 490; Government measures, 491; Opposition account of the difficulty, 492; Its fruitless result, 495; News of the insurrection at Santiago, April 20, 1851, 495; Colonel Urriola in the plaza, 496; Deliberations at the palace, 496; The insurgent leader takes up a new position, 497; The locality of the conflict, 498; Preparations for action, 498; The struggle, 499; Fall of Urriola, 499; Capture of cannon by the insurgents, 500; Cessation of the contest, 500; The killed and wounded, 501; Force engaged on each side, 501; Those interested, 502; The victors vanquished, 502; Fate of the insurgents, 502; Causes of revolutionary turmoils, 503.
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF OUR WORK.
Astronomy, 506; Magnetism and meteorology, 507; Earthquakes, 508; Origin of the National Observatory in Chile, 509; Conclusion of our observations, 509; Take leave of the government, 509; Expedition of Lieutenant MacRae, 510; Return home, 510; Apologetic conclusion, 511.
OBSERVATIONS OF EARTHQUAKES, &c.
Phenomena observed during all the earthquakes recorded at Santiago from November 2, 1849, to September 12, 1852, inclusive, 515; Similar observations for the earthquakes at La Serena from November 8, 1849, to April 2, 1852, 517.--Notices of the earthquake of April 2, 1851--From "El Progreso" of that date, 520; From the same journal of April 3, 521; From "El Mercurio,"
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522; From the "Comercio de Valparaiso" of April 2, 523; From the same journal of April 3, 524; A letter from the Editor of the same journal, 526; A letter from the Santiago correspondent, 527; From the same journal of April 5, 528; From "El Faro del Maule" and "El Talquino," at Talca, 528; From "El Araucano" containing letters from Casa-blanca and San Felipe, 529.--Notices of the earthquake of May 26, 1851--From "El Copiapino," 529; From "El Pueblo" of May 27, published at Copiapó, 530; A letter from Huasco, published in "El Copiapino" of May 30, 531; Letters from Freirina and Copiapó, 532.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN ATACAMA.
Observations at Copiapó, 535; At Totoralillo, 535; At the Candelaria mine, on the summit of Chañarcillo, 535; At Caldera, 536.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHILE.
Observations in the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico during the year 1849, 539; At Panama, 540; At sea in the Pacific ocean, 541; At Lima, 542; In the South Pacific, 542; Between Cobijo and Panama returning home in 1852, 542.
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